Vi nt v ha gii thng mi Vng quc Anh

Lut s Nguyn Mnh Dng, MCIArb.

1. T chc cung cp dch v ha gii:
Du hiu u tin v quan trng nht trong vic chuyn nghip ha cc Phng thc gii
quyt tranh chp thay th tranh tng ti ta n (ADR) ni chung v ha gii thng mi ni ring
l s ni bt v tnh cnh tranh gia cc nh cung cp dch v ADR Anh p ng nhu cu
ngy cng cao ca th trng v cht lng hnh ngh ca ha gii vin. Cho n nay Vng
quc Anh c rt nhiu hnh thc t chc ca cc nh cung cp ADR. Nhng nh cung cp ny
bao gm t cc trng ti vin c lp v cc vn phng ha gii rt nh n cc doanh nghip c
quy m quc gia cung cp tt c cc dch v trung gian, ha gii v qun l. H cng a dng t
cc chng trnh mi vi cc danh sch ha gii vin c gii thiu ngn, khng chnh thc
cho ti cc c ch c uy tn trong cc khu vc cng v t, hng nm cung cp cc hi ng ha
gii trung lp cho hng ngn ng s.
Anh phn bit gia cc nh cung cp ADR truyn thng v mi. Cc nh cung cp
truyn thng l cc t chc tng i lu i cung cp dch v gii quyt tranh chp nh tranh
tng v trng ti. ADR l mt mng mi c thm vo dch v ca h thm hp dn v n
khng chim mt v tr quan trng. Nhng t chc ny gi nguyn tn c ca mnh (v d nh
cc t chc trng ti quc t chuyn cung cp ha gii, ENE v ADR khc). Nh cung cp ADR
mi cung cp dch v ADR ring v tp trung vo qung b ADR. Li ch ca ADR quy ch, khi
so snh vi vi ADR adhoc (v vic) c v gn ging nh ca trng ti quy ch. Tuy nhin,
nhng li th ny c th bin thnh bt li, khi s cn bng gia quyn t quyt ca cc bn v
s kim sot ca cc t chc cung cp dch v ha gii b nh hng.
2. Khun kh php l cho t chc v hot ng ha gii:
Du hiu th hai ca vic chuyn nghip ha ADR l vic tng cng qun l i vi
lnh vc ny nhm mc tiu bo m cht lng. Vic qun l lin quan n cc vn kh
phc tp thuc v cc mi quan tm chnh sch. Liu c nn tin hnh qun l nh nc hay vic
ban hnh cc b quy ch v quy tc ng x chuyn nghip a dng p ng hay cha?
Lm th no c th nng cao cc chun mc chuyn mn m khng cn quy nh qu nhiu?
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Ban u, ton b lnh vc c cc nh cung cp v cc t chc ngh nghip ca h t qun

l. Ngy nay tt c cc ngun iu chnh khun kh hp l u c lin quan. Cc Chnh ph
bt u c ng gp ng k vo qu trnh qun l do mi quan tm chnh ng ca h vi cc
chng trnh sp nhp ca ta n v cc vn nhy cm nh gim h tr em hoc cc trng
hp thm nui. Gii lut s trong vai tr nh mt ngun cung cp ha gii vin chnh, c gng
tch hp cc quy tc v ha gii vo tiu chun hnh ngh ca lut s (xem thm v d gn y
ca B lut mu on lut s M (ABA) v ng x chuyn nghip cho lut s v ha gii vin).
Cc ngnh ngh khc (nh bc s tr liu, nh tm l hc, k s, vv.) cng theo khun mu ny.
Chnh cc ha gii vin, d h l lut s hay khng, hnh thnh cc nhm ngh nghip v rt
nhiu lin minh lin ngnh ngh. Tt c h u cnh tranh vi nhau iu chnh lnh vc ADR.
Tnh ng nht tr thnh mt iu cn thit cho tt c cc cp - lin chnh ph (EU) n lc thc
y Ch th ADR, chnh ph (o lut ha gii thng nht M) v phi chnh ph (Cc tiu
chun mu v hnh ngh cho ha gii vin ca ABA, ACR v AAA).
3. Tiu chun ha gii vin
c im cui cng nhng khng km phn quan trng ca vic chuyn nghip ha
ADR l xu hng thit lp cc yu cu u vo i vi ngh ha gii vin - tiu chun cht
lng. y l mt cch hiu qu nng cao cht lng ca ha gii vin, tuy nhin, i km l
nguy c tim nng ca vic hn ch s pht trin v i mi ca lnh vc ny. Nh ni trn,
trnh ha gii vin c quy nh mt cch cnh tranh t tt c cc ngun. Vn trnh
ha gii vin gm ba phn.
u tin, cc kin thc l thuyt, k nng thc hnh v thi ng x c nhn no m
mt ngi nn c c th thc hnh ha gii vi mt cht lng tt. Cu hi ny da trn kt
qu ca cc cuc tranh lun tiu chun / thun li. V vy, trong bt k bo co xc nhn bt u
vi nh ngha ca ha gii v nguyn tc ha gii. C s mu thun r rng trong cc yu cu
o to ha gii gia cc nh cung cp khc nhau v cc chng trnh chng nhn.
Th hai, l qu trnh la chn hoc th nghim xc nh s cn thit ca kin thc, k
nng v thi . Nhng rc ri ca cng vic ny l hu ht cc k nng ha gii u gn vi
ngh thut. Mt trong nhng ch tranh lun si ni nht ca cuc tho lun l kim tra thc
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hnh. C trng phi hc thut tin rng s a dng trong thc hnh ha gii (s phn bit thun
li- tiu chun -bin i) nn c iu chnh trong cc qu trnh th nghim.
Th ba, mt khi tiu chun v cc m hnh th nghim c thnh lp cc c ch thc thi
ca h l g. V c bn c ba chng trnh:
1. ng k nim yt (Registration Listing): Nh cung cp np thng tin ti thiu ti mt
c quan c ch nh (thng l tn, a ch, v bng cp). C th c mt s tiu chun thc
hnh.
2. Chng nhn (Certification): Nh cung cp phi c trnh nht nh s dng cc
quyn hp php c ch nh, nhng c nhn khng c chng nhn c th cung cp dch v
tng t nu h khng m t mnh nh c chng nhn.
3. Cp Giy Php (Licensing): Cc nh cung cp ADR phi p ng c trnh
chuyn mn nht nh c cp php. c nhn khng c cp php khng c cung cp dch
v tng t tr khi c cho php bi lut nh. "
(Xem thm cc bi vit ca Sally K. Ortner v Merrill Shields, "Bo co v s pht
trin ca trnh v tiu chun ng x cho cc chuyn gia ADR", 26-Thng Mi COLAW 49,
trang 50)
Cng nhn l mt thut ng khc i khi c dng nh t ng ngha xc nhn trong
bi cnh trnh trung gian ha gii.
Bi bo ca Dobbins a ra mt php tnh cho o trnh v phng php thc thi
ca h. Bo co Henning ACR v giy chng nhn Ha gii vin a mt v d v c ch thc
thi trnh c th phc tp nh th no. Ngoi s ng thun tng th v s vng vng ca trnh
, bt k h thng thc thi i hi ban gim st hoc c quan k lut, h thng khng co, quy
nh v hu qu ca vic khng tun th, u t ng k ca cc qu, vv

4. Ph lc ti liu tham kho bng ting Anh c th truy cp trn internet:

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Tha thun ha gii mu ca CEDR: http://www.cedr.com/about_us/modeldocs/

Tha thun ca Ha gii vin c lp:

http://www.independentmediators.co.uk/mediationagreement.php

Ch th ca Lin minh chu u EU s 251 nm 2004:

http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/justice_freedom_security/judicial_cooperation_in_
civil_matters/l33251_en.htm

Quy tc hnh ngh ca Ha gii vin chu u:

http://ec.europa.eu/civiljustice/adr/adr_ec_code_conduct_en.pdf

Quy tc hnh ngh ca ha gii vin v ngi th ba trung gian ca CEDR:

http://www.cedr.com/about_us/modeldocs/

Cam kt ca cc c quan chnh ph Anh v vic s dng ADR:

http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/guidance/mediation/drc-may2011.pdf
H ni, ngy 05/08/2011

Ch thch tc gi: Lut s Nguyn Mnh Dng l Thc s Lut Gii quyt tranh chp quc t (HTH Lun
n) -Trng Vn Phng Lut S T vn c Lp Dzungsrt & Associates, Thnh vin Vin Trng ti
Lun n (CIArb), Ph Ch tch Trung tm trng ti quc t Thi Bnh Dng PIAC, Thnh vin T
bin tp Ban son tho Lut Trng ti thng mi nm 2010 ca Hi Lut gia Vit nam v Ngh nh
hng dn thi hnh Lut Trng ti thng mi ca B t php.
a ch lin h: Vn phng Lut s T vn c Lp
Phng 6, tng 11, Ta nh HAREC, S 4A Ph Lng H, Qun Ba nh, Thnh ph H Ni.
T. (4) 3772 6970 / Fax. (4) 3772 6971
Chi nhnh ti thnh ph H Ch Minh
Lu 7, Cao c vn phng 162 Pasteur, Phng Bn Ngh, Qun 1, TP H Ch Minh
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