GLOSSARY

i lc (affinity): Mc gn ca bn thn khng th (k c cc globulin min dch

b mt ca t bo B) vi khng nguyn c hiu. C th o lng c o lng
c i lc bng cch theo di s bin i nng lng t do ca phn ng. Lc ny
ph thuc vo cc yu t nh s tng quan gia cu trc ha hc lp th, gia cc
v tr kt hp ca khng th vi cc quyt nh khng nguyn v kch thc ca
chng. Khng th no kt hp vi khng nguyn mt cch yu t v d phn ly khi
khng nguyn th gi l c i lc thp; nu khng th kt hp mt cch cht ch vi
khng nguyn th gi l c i lc cao.
Biu hin (expression) hoc bc l: s trnh by ca mt phn t no trn b mt
mt t bo nht nh hoc th hin bn ngoi thy c ca mt gen no .
B th (complement): H thng protein huyt thanh c hot tnh enzym, gm 9 thnh
phn (k hiu ln lt t C1 n C9). S hot ha h thng ny din ra theo kiu
phn ng dy chuyn trong ba con ng: c in (classical), khng c in
(alternative), v lectin (lectine). B th tham gia vo cac hin tng sinh hc nh:
dung huyt min dch, tan vi khun, kt dnh min dch, ha hng ng, huy ng
bch cu, phn ng qu mn typ III,.v.v.
Cathepsin: Mt loi emzym thuc nhm proteinase hoc endopeptidase ni bo c
trong nhiu loi ng vt.
Chui tn (residue): Trong min dch v sinh ha dng ch mt chui tn cng
hoc mt nhnh bn ca mt phn t protein hay peptid.
p ng t min (autoimmune response): p ng min dch chng li cc thnh
phn m ca bn thn. p ng ny c th biu hin bng hnh thc sn xut t
khng th (autoantibody) hoc to ra cc t bo lymph phn ng t thn
(autoreactive lymphocyte) hoc ng thi xut hin c hai.
Hat ha (activation): Qu trnh bin i cc t bo (lymph bo, i thc bo, .v.v.)
hoc cc phn t protein (b th, kinin, .v.v.) t trng thi ngh hoc khng hot ng
sang trng thi hot ng.
Idiotyp (idiotype): Khi nim dng phn bit cc phn t khng th trong cng
lp v cng mt c th, nhng chng cc quyt nh khng nguyn khc nhau. S
phn bit ny da vo quyt nh idiotyp (idiotypic determinant).

Khe MHC (MHC groove): Cu to hnh khe ca phn t MHC; y l ni 2 chui

tn ca peptid khng nguyn gn vo theo kiu m neo to nn phc hp MHCpeptid l phc hp cn thit cho vic nhn din khng nguyn.
Ligand: Trong min dch hc thut ng ny dng ch cc phn t (nm trn mt
cht hoc mt t bo no ) dng gn vo mt i phn t v d nh i phn t
th th. V vy cc th th u c ligand ca n trn cc cht hoc t bo i tc ca
th th.
Lymph bo trinh (nave lymphocyte): Xem T bo lymph trinh.
Min dch t nhin (innate immunity): Trng thi min dch m ch yu l min
dch khng c hiu, sn c v mang tnh di truyn trong cc c th cng mt loi.
V vy tt c cc c th trong cng mt loi khng mc mt bnh nhim trng no
. V d g khng mc bnh than (anthrax).
Min dch vay mn (adoptive immunity): Trng thi min dch (ch yu l min
dch ba v) ca mt c th nh cc lymph bo truyn t ngoi vo, khng phi do
cc lymph bo ca bn thn c th thc hin. V d trng thi min dch mt c
th (b thiu ht min dch) xut hin sau khi ghp ty t mt c th khc. Cn phn
bit vi min dch th ng.
Ni th (endosome): C quan ni bo chu trch nhim thc hin qu trnh nhp ni
bo i vi cc khng nguyn protein ngoi bo.
Opsonin: Yu t trong huyt thanh hoc dch gian bo gn vi vi sinh vt hoc t
bo l, to iu kin cho i thc bo v bch cu trung tnh d tip cn v n cc t
bo hoc vi sinh vt ny.. Opsonin c th l:
- Khng th: khng th ny sau khi gn vi vi sinh vt hoc t bo l s bm
ln b mt i thc bo, bch cu trung tnh thng qua th th Fc.
- Cc sn phm ca qu trnh hot ha b th: cc sn phm ny, c bit l
C3b, sau khi gn vi khng th kt hp vi sinh vt hoc gn trc tip ln vi sinh
vt se bm ln b mt i thc bo hoc t bo trung tnh thng qua th th b th.
- Mt s protein khc: v d fibronectin cng c tc dng nh mt opsonin.

Opsonin ha (opsonization): Hin tng cc opsonin kt hp vi cc vi sinh vt

hoc t bo l chun b cho i thc bo v bch cu trung tnh d dng tip cn
v n cc vi sinh vt hoc t bo l ny.
Phc h ph hp m ch yu (major histocompatibility complex = MHC): Tp hp
cc gen kim sot cc khng nguyn c vai tr ch yu trong vic gy phn ng thi
b m ghp. Khng nguyn MHC ng vai tr cc k quan trong trong cc qu trnh
nhn din khng nguyn. y l tn hiu th hai khng th thiu ca qu trnh ny.
Phc hp min dch (immuncomplex): phc hp bao gm khng nguyn v khng
th kt hp vi nhau in vitro hoc in vivo di dng ha tan hoc dng ta. Dng
ha tan c th lng ng ti khe gia t bo ni m ca lp mng y mao mch b
tn thng v gy ra cc bnh do phc hp min dch. Phc hp ny cng c th gn
vi b th v to ra phn ng dy chuyn hot ha b th.
Proteasom (proteasome): Mt phc hp c cu to bi nhiu loi enzym tiu
protein, c kh nng phn ct nhiu loi protein hin din trong bo tng ca t bo
hoc t ngoi xm nhp vo t bo khng bng con ng thc bo.
To clon (cloning): Hin tng hnh thnh in vivo hoc in vitro mt clon t bo do
s phn chia nguyn nhim t mt t bo gc. S phn chia t bo hnh thnh
clon i hi s kch thch ca mt s yu t, trong cc yu t sinh trng c vai
tr c bit quan trng.
Tapasin: Mt enzym gip gn MHC lp I vo TAP sau tip nhn khng
nguyn v a i trnh din.
T bo hnh cy (dendritic cell): y l nhng t bo hin din trong cc m lymph
ngoi bin. Thn t bo c nhiu nhnh, c nhnh rt di nhm lm tng kh nng
tip cn vi khng nguyn. y l nhng t bo trnh din khng nguyn chuyn
nghip.
Trinh (nave): Tnh cht ca t bo lymph trng thnh nhng cha tng tip
xc vi khng nguyn c hiu.
T thc bo th (autophagosome): Ti trong nguyn sinh cht cha cc thnh phn
ca bn thn t bo b cht hoc tn thng, sn sng ha mng vi tiu th to t
thc bo tiu th (autophagolysosome) cc enzym trong tiu th phn hy cc
thnh phn t bo cht hoc b tn thng ny.

Vng hng nh (constant region): Khu vc trn phn t globulin min dch c trnh
t acid amin tng i c nh khi so snh gia phn t ny vi phn t khc.. Mi
chui nh c mt vng hng nh (k hiu l C L). Chui nng c ba vng hng nh
(k hiu l CH1, CH2, CH3). Trong cc vng hang nh cng c mt s on peptid
vi trnh t acid amin thay i, l v tr quyt nh cc du n alotyp (allotypic
marker).
Vng thay i (variable region): on peptid pha u N tn cng ca chui nh
hoc chui nng trong phn t globulin min dch. Vng ny thng chim na
chui nh hoc mt phn t chui nng. Trnh t acid amin trong vng ny thay i
r rt khi so snh cc phn t khng th c hiu khc nhau tuy chng cng lp v
typ chui nh. Trong vng ny c vng siu bin (trnh t acid amin rt thay i) v
vng khung (trnh t acid amin t thay i hn)