BS 1139 : Section 2.1: 1991 EN 74; 1988 ' : 199 Bo ph BBE? 12 | 97805 © saul Sundin No pr aunt my pct a ctr rprated thon te pr prion nwting of BS! British Standard Metal scaffolding Be. 4g Part 2. Couplers eZe 200 ce 28 on Section 2.1 Specification for steel couplers, loose spigots and base-plates for use in working scaffolds and falsework made of steel tubes EE Echafaudages métalliques Partie 2. Raccords Section 2.1 Raccords, goujons d’assemblage et semelles en acier pour échafaudages de service et d'étaiement en tubes d’acier — Spécifications Metallgeriiste Teil 2. Kupplungen ‘Abschnitt 2.1 Kupplungen, Zentrierbolzen und FuGplatten fir Stahlrohrarbeitsgertiste und -traggeriste 7005878 7g “hi op Se EN 74a he so Brith Sand British Standards Institution UA 1ae BS 1139 : Section 2.1: 1 Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Briet history Text of EN 74 National appendix A National appendix B Cooperating organizations Inside back cover Back cover National foreword “This Section of BS 1139 has been prepared under the tion of the Civil Engineering and Building Structures Standards Policy Committee (CSB/-). Together with BS 1139 : Section 2.2 : 1990, it supersedes BS 1139 : Part 2 : 1982, which is withdrawn, This Section of BS 1139 is one of a series specitying requitements for the design, construction and testing of equipment for use in scaffolding and other temporary ‘structures, BS 1139 : Section 2.1 is identical with EN 74 : 1988 ‘Couplers, loose spigots and base-plates for use in working scaffolds and falsework made of steel tubes; Requirements and test procedures’ published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), EN 74 \was produced asa result of agreement in CEN Technical Committee TC 53, Scaffolds, falsework and mobile access ‘towers, in which the UK took an active part. ‘Some significant points about this Section of BS 1138 to ‘which attention is drawn are the following. (a) Other scaffold couplers and fittings commonly in use in the UK are dealt with in BS 1139 : Section 2.2. (b) For right-angle and friction type sleeve couplers thore are now two load classes. For right-angled couplers, Class A is equivalent to the grade given in BS 1139 : Part 2 : 1982, Class B is 60 % stronger than Class A, For friction type sleeve couplers, the new Class B is ‘equivalent to the British coupler in the earlier BS 1139 Part 2 and the Class A is 50% weaker than Class B and is currently not in use in the UK. Loose spigot pins and sleeve couplers with shear pins are currently not in use in the UK. (c} The minimum permissible base-plate area is now little smaller. {6} Load bearing parallel couplers are now specified. {e) Taere is an incceased minimum yield strength requirement on all coupier fasteners (typically bolts) ‘together with a restricted torque tightening/wedge range. {f) The philosophy of testing has been changed to verify an individual coupler design and facilitate on-going ‘quality assurance, {9} Additional information is required to be marked on all products. {h) There is limited information on hexagon sizes, The United Kingdom scaffolding industry generally requires hhexagons to be between 20.3 mm and 20.8 mm across flats, reparetion: i barmonized tin preparation, W cover eoupiers, 8S 1139 is now published in separate Parts and Sections as follows and on publication of Section 2.2, BS 1139 : Part 2 : 1982 will be withdrawn. Part 1 Tubes Section 1.1 Specification for steel tube Section 1.2 Specification for aluminium tube Part 2 Couplers ‘Section 2.1 Specification for stee! couplers, loose spigots and base-plates for use in working scaffolds and falsework made of steel tubes (identical with EN 74) Section 2.2" Specification for steel and aluminium ‘couplers, fittings and accessories for use in tubular scaffolding Part 3 Specification for prefabricated access end working towers Part 4 Specification for prefabricated steol splitheads ‘and trestles Part St Specification for materials, dimensions, design {oads and safety requirements for service and working scaffolds made of prefabricated elements (Technically equivalent to HD 1000) In examining the text of EN 74 certain printing errors have been noted, These were agreed by CEN/TC 53 at its 1990 London meeting and wil! be minuted by the CEN/TC 53 Secretariat for future amendment of the standard. They are as follows with the page numbers referring to the EN text. (@} EN cover page. Include Iceland and Luxemburg in the list of countries. (0) Page 2, last paragraph. Include Iceland, Ireland, Luxemburg and Sweden in the list of countries, (c} Page 3, list of figures, At the bottom of the list of figure descriptions replace ‘Dimensions in mm’ by ‘All {ineer dimensions shown in the figures are in millimetres’ {d) Page 4, footnote 1). The word ‘coupler’ has been ‘omitted and the footnote should read: ‘For the purpose of this European Standard a coupler, spigot or base-plate of a new or old design submitted for the first time to specific tests specified in this standard’. {©} Page 18, paragraph 3, line 2, The symbol “SIs incorrect and the line should read: “ba > 5,0 mm or if the load P= L {Ay} cannot be reached. ‘Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself ‘confer immunity from legal obligations. ngs and accessories not included in Section 2.1. Adkitional couples have not yet been lgEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 74 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM June 1988 Upc 69,087.62 ; 69.057.692/693 : 62-462.094.14 : 620.17 Kev words: see tubes, eat folding, fartners, pie fittings centring Ps, suppers, equipment spkeifeation,irspection retnods, samplings Imachanial tees. English version : Couplers, loose spigots and base-plates for use in working scaffolds and falsework made of steel tubes; Requirements and test procedures accords, goujons d'assemblage et semelles pour Kupplungen, Zentrierbolzen und Fussplatten fir Echafeudages de service et d’étaiement en tubes Stahlrohr-Arbeitageriste und -Tragegeriste; ions et méthodes d’essai ‘Anforderungen, Priifungen “This European Standard was accepted by CEN on 27 January 1988. CEN mombers are bound to comply with the requirements of the CEN/CENELEC Rules which stipulate the ponaitions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Uprto-date tists end bibliographice! references concerning such nationel standards may be ‘obtained on application to the CEN Central Secretariat or to any CEN member, ‘This European Stondard exists in the official versions (English, French, German) Jiteesion in any other language made by trenslation under the responsibility of @ CEN A ber into it own language and notified to CEN Central Secretariat has the same ‘status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards organizations of Austria, Belgium, Denmerk, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, ‘Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization ‘Comité Européen de Normalisation Europaisches Komitee far Normung Central Secretariat: Rue Bréderode 2, B-1000 Brussels © CEN 1988, Copyright reserved to all CEN members Ref. No. EN 74 : 1988 EEN 74 Page 2 Brief history Since July 1970 CEN/TC 63 ‘Components of tubular stee! scaffoldings’ has dealt with European standardization vrithin the field'of scaffolding in order to abolish trade barriers due to differing safety requirements on building sites. After preliminary vote on the European Standard EN 30 ‘Steel tuber for working scaffolds; requirements, ‘ests’ the European Standard pr EN 74 ‘Couplers and accessories for working scaffolds made of steel tubes; requirements and test procedures’ was prepared and in ‘autumn 1975 CEN submitted the first draft of this standard to its CEN Members for preliminary vote. At the same time this standard was also adopted as ISO 4054 by ISO/TC 6 ‘Metal pipes and fittings’ and in November 197 it wes submitted to the ISO Members for vote. As the ISO ‘Standatd was adopted the first edition of ISO 4054 “Couplers, loose spigots and base-plates for use in working scaffolds made of steel tubes; requirements and test procedure’ was published in April 1980. During its 19th meeting in Copenhagen in spring 1984 CEN/TC 53 (meanwhile renamed ‘Seaffolds, felsework and ‘mobile access towers’) discussed once again the question concerning couplers for working scaffolds as well as for falsework and charged CEN/TC 53/WG 3 with the revision Of the first draft pr EN 74. In this connection the higher requirements which are necessary for falsework should also be taken into consideration. During its 21st plenary meeting in autumn 1986 in Zurich CEN/TC 59 accepted EN 74 as amended by its working ‘group WG 3 and requested the DIN secretariat to send EN 74 out as a European standard by CEN for final voting ‘According te the Common CEN/CENELEC Rules, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom.EN 74 Page 4 1 Object and field of application ‘This European Standard specifies the requirements for materials and design, and test procedures and methods, for Couplers, loose spigots and base-plates used for connecting steel tubes of 48,9 mm outside diameter and of at least 15,2 men noring! wall thickness at @ minimum in the Seaatruction of working seatfolds and falsework required for the construction, maintenance, repair and demolition ‘of buildings and structures. ‘The requirements and test procedures specified are for the assesament of prototypes"? of these couplers, loose spigots ‘and base:plates?). When no alteration has been made to the design, material or surface treatment of a type of coupler which has been ‘pproved as a prototype according to this European ‘Standard, the assessment of subsequent production is made by comparison with the requirements given in this, European Stancar 2 References pr HD 1039-1987. Stee! tubes for falsework and working scaffolds; requirements, tests 180 752-1982 Zinc ingots 180 2859-1974 (and Its addendum 1), Sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes?) 150 3207-1975 Statistical interpretation of data — Determination of a statistical tolerance interval 180 3951-1981 Sampling procedures end charts for inspection by variables for percont defect 3 Definitions For the purpose of this European Standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 coupler: @ component used for connecting two tubes. 3.2 ight angle coupler (RA): 2 coupler used for connecting ‘wo tubes eratsing at a right andle. Class A and class B right angle couplers have the same requirements, except that class 8 couplers have @ higher toad capacity, and a minimum requirement for torsional rigidity. 3.3. swivel coupler (SW): a coupler used for connecting two tubes crossing at eny angle 3.4 parallel coupler (PA): a coupler used for connecting two parallel bes, 35 sleeve coupler (SF or SS): 3 coupler used for joining {wo tubes located co-axially and whose purpose is tO transmit tensile and compressive and bending forces. Class A and class B sleave couplers have the same requirements except that class B couplers have @ minimum Tequirerent for strength in bending and e higher tensile strength requirement. “There are two basic types of sleeve couplers: 5.1 sleeve couplers functioning by friction (SF). 3.5.2 sleeve couplers working with shear pins (SS). 13.6 loote spigot (LS): an internal component used for aligning tubes co-axially and able to transmit compressive forces. 3:7 baseplate (BP): A rigid plate uses for spreading a load ‘ver @ greater area. If it has a means of vertical adjustment, | {tis called an ‘adjustable baso-plate’. This type of base-plate is not covered by this European Standard. 4 Symbols 4.1 Measured values f displacement in millimetres in figure 4 A displacement in millimetres in figure 6 - toad in kN L specified lower limit for @ load-bearing capacity (of ultimate load in KN angle of rotation in degrees 7 displacement of the transverse tube under toad relative to the basic tube in figure 3 a) and figure 3 b), or the relative displacement of two ‘tubes in figure 8 bs displacement of the rear of the coupler fixed to the basic tube relative to the basie tube in igure 3 a}, 3b) and 8 As displacement of the transverse tube relative to the basic tube resulting from the play of the swivel joint pin in figure 3 b) bs displacement of the tubes connected by a Sleeve coupler relative to the two end reaction points in figure 7 Prrax\dx) maximum ioad-bearing capacity of the coupler in the displacement range 4, = 0 to 7,0 mm for right angle and swivel couplers or O to 2,0 mm in the case of parallel couplers pe +) for we purpose of this European Standard» spigot or baxeete of new or old design submited forte Frat ime wo apeciic ert specilied inthis standard 2VAllowabie working lode shall be obtained from other appropriate documents, 1A present in revision.Progr tba) Lids), Ltda), L(A) Pfs) maximum load-bearing capecity of the coupler {aloping load) in te displacement renee a7 0%005 mm specitied lower limit for Prax Ox) OF Prax (dda OF Prax (A) in table 1, columns 5 and 8 reletionship of load P to dieplacement Ay OF EN 74 Page 5 ‘the average percent defective of product in batches submitted by the supplier for inspection (see ISO 2859) umber of defectives found in a sample probability of acceptance of « batch (of Size N} in per cant. For a given sampling plan, Pz isa function of the percent defective p in 19 submitted (see 8.2.3).EN 74 Page 6 Couplers secured with wedge chall be tightened by striking the wedge with 2 600 g hammer, until there is jarring blow. 5.2.1.7 In addition, sleeve couplers shall be such that the ‘tubes are co-axial and shall have a tube centring device ‘which ensures that both ends of the sleeve coupler will rip at least 46 mm of tube either end of the cent device. 5.22 Loose spigots Loose spigots shall extend to a depth of at least 75 mm into the tubes on both sides of the flange, The outside diameter of flanges shall be not greater than 47,8 mm and not less than 47,0 mm. The circumscribing circle of the body shall have a diameter of not greater than 37,5 mm and not less than 35,0 mm, with the exception of cross-shaped bodies, which may have a maximum diameter of 38,7 mm. The flange and spigot axis shall be concentric, and the tolerance on concentrcity shall be 1,0 mm, 5.2.3 Rigid bese plates Each base-plete shall have a circular or square base with an ‘area not less than 150 cm?. The thickness of the plate shall be at least 5 mm for base areas up to 175 em?; if the base area is larger than this, the thickness shall be increased in proportion to the largest dimension of the base area. If the plate is shaped, the rigidity shall be equivalent to that of a flat base plate 5.2.3.1. The base-plate shall have a centring device which is 30 designed that it cannot move a distance greater than 11,0. mm within a bore of 43,0 mm internal diameter (see figure 1), The centring device shall be at least 50 mm long. Figure 1. Maximum clearance between centring device and tube 5.2.3.2 The base-plate including the centring device shall bbe made from material having @ tensile strength of not less than 300 N/mm? and a yield stress of not less then 200 N/mm? 5.3 Data required from the manufecturer for assessment purposes ‘The manufacturer shall record on drawings the following data for couplers, loose spigots and base-plates: 4) shape; 1) essential dimensions with tolerances; ) mass with tolerance; 4) material characteristics; ) surface protection; 4) the required tightening torque in the case of sorew coupler g] the maximum permissible play of the swivel joints in the case of sivivel couplers. 6 Requirements 6.1. Design requirements 6.1.1 All couplers, loose spigots and base-plates shall comply with the relevant items in clause 5. 6.1.2 The dimensions, mass and material characteristics shall lie within the tolerances specified in the manufacturer's drawings referred to in 6.3. The surface protection shall be as specified in the manufacturer's drawings. 6.2 Required characteristics for couplers under load (see clause 9} ‘The requirements for prototype test listed in table 1 6.2.1 Assessment without statistical analysis Where a coupler (as specified in column 1 of table 1) is tested using one of the procedures in column 2 and 3, the following imits shall apply in thé case of non statistical ‘assessment: 8) in any test the load-bearing capacity or breaking load in column 4 shalt not be less than the lower limit Lor Ld) in column § for class A couplers or column 6 for class B couplers; 1b) the appropriate permissible displacement range A, in column 7 shall not be exceeded in any test at the lower limit L(A) of the load-bearing capacity specified in column § for class A couplers or column 6 for class B couplers. Column 8 of table 1 gives the minimum number of tests required, of couplers areee 2.2 Asseserent with statistical analysis : Prototype couplers are in accordance with tis European Stender for thelr lond-bearing capacity P(A) if ieean be Stated with a confidence level of 95 % that atleast 90 % of She tems inthe batch from which the random sample wes ‘akon exhibit the same or better oad-bearing capacity Pasctdy) than the specified tower limit L(A). Examples of Sibttamane procedures which test acceptance to these Tequiromants are indicated in 82.4.and 825. further assesment procedures which may also be apatied Ste to.be found in 180 28509 (ard its addendum 1), 180 3207 and ISO 3951 6.3 Requirements in the cate of design alteration Where alterations which are likely to degrede performance ‘are made to the design, material or surface treatment of ‘couplers which have already been submitted to @ prototype ‘test, @ new test shail be made. 7 Sampling for prototype tests 7.4 Sampling shall be carried out by an agreed representative of a competent authority or by an independent organization approved by the competent authority 7.2 The test pieces required for prototype testing shall be taken at random (see ISO 2859, addendum 1) from a tbatch of at least 500 couplers obtained from the manufacturer's current production run or from stock. 7.3 The number of test pieces is specified in the description of the appropriate test procedure (see 9.2 {0 9.10], in addition, the number is shown in column 9, teble 1. 17. In statistical assessment, it may become necessary, depending on the operating characteristic and assessment procedure chesan, to test more couplers per batch than the minimurn number indiested in column 9, table t (see also 8.2). 8 Assessment methods 8.1 Assessment without statistical anelysis 8.1.1. Evaluation procedure {All tests which are marked ‘non statistical’ in column 10 ‘of table 1 are assessed without statistical analysis. 8.1.2 Criteria 4} All the loads meatured in a given test series (for example ultimate load as specified in column 4 of EN 74 Page 7 ‘table 1) are compared with their specified lower limits (column 6 for class A couplers or column 6 for class B Couplers, ble 1). No measurement shall be less than its ower limit, in any test. bb) When the displacement values is limited, then this displacement is measured under the load equal to the specified Jower limit (column 6, table 1). No isplacement value shall lo outside the permissible Gisplecement range in any test (column 7, table 1) 8.2 Assessment with statistical analysis 8.2.1 Evaluation procedure {All tests so marked in column 10 of table 1 shall b= statistically assossed. 8.2.2 Alternative methods “The method of inspection by attributes or the method of inspection by variables may be used for statistical acceptance. In inspection by attributes itis only necessary to check ‘whether or not the displacement A, of the coupler exceeds 2 specified limiting value when subjected to a load P= Lids). For inspection by variables, the value of the load-bearing ‘capacity P(;) of every coupler in the sample is measured nd a test quantity 2(A,) is calculated from the set of reasurements; this must be greater than the lower limit Specified for the load L(A) (see table 4). Inspection by Variables is only permitted when the distribution of the test results does not differ significantly from normal, OF {the actuel distribution can be transformed to normal one, “The testing applicant, for example a manufacturer, is free to choose the method of analysis provided that both methods are applicable. 8.2.3 Operating characteristic curve NOTE, A curve showing, for 2 given sampling plan, the probabiity DPececptance of e boteh as a function ofits actus’ ality 8.2.3.1 Both test methods shall be based on the ‘comparable operating characteristics (see ISO 2859, addendum 1), 8.2.3.2 For use in prototype testing, an operating characteristic which runs through both the following points is recommended (see figure 2): 5%; Py = 97% pa 10%, = 5% ‘There are similar operating characteristic curves in the 1SO publications previously referred to,EN 74 Page 8 ~ ances i a5 * b ws eE | ; “a 9 s 4 o 1 2 3 © 5 6 * 8 9 0 Nw probability of acceptance percent defective ‘curve as recommended in 8.2.3.2 ‘operating characteristic curve associated with sampling plan L, AQL 2,5 in ISO 2859 ‘operating characteristic curve associated with sampling plan M, AQL 4,0 taken from ISO 2859 limiting point (p = 10 %: P, = 5 %) as specified in 6.2.2 end 8.2.3.3, Figure 2. Operating characteristics Voonsnersuou | 1 u (elbe01 Burda) Aq) sz | (ed = Me 27 0} aanajor eve sotano> Aa] vy | goa-"4 | wH0> 4 Jost") 7 lool =(*¥) 7 | Ampedsobuveecpeor | ee liozze | ajtuenery | zy ofonsams + sogeues Aq 92 | 09 ~"U a 'V or eanses eve 4aydoos senamnesa| ye |eae=te | goes'v foo ect 7 | ov-t'v17 | Asad suueogpeor | ee ozze | opuenmu | 1 a ne wr ptuene penntas ayeg yo wa aon. vse noo | __sites | samo on unop tig | ety ao aanaiomin ‘uoydnoa 10) Aedes He sunpeoord uonenynss | yo equima wmarurny | eBue sarsntieg Seuseeeot yo wun emo | petetaeenr eaten | use empmontima | sidnesyooths | eur on 6 @ 7 ° 3 Y = z 1 | ewe 6 Pus @ snes ut patioeds s1eydno2 achyoy0¥d yo peo} spun snojanyeg aut Buea 40} nubWez!Mbe 40 Aung“, e1g04,8.2.3.3 Other operating characteristics, which in ‘accordance with the requirement in 6.2.2 run through the range of points PS 10%Py=5% and have a steeper curve than the operating characteristic recommended in 8.2.3.2, may also be used”. For instance the following operating characteristic curves are in accordance with ISO 2859 (see figure 2 Code letter L, AQL 2,5 (table 10 L) Code letter M, AQL 4,0 (table 10 MP 8.2.4 Sample plan with criterion for attributive test method 8.2.4.1 The size of the sample n, and the acceptance number A. for the attributive test method are listed in table 2 for the operating characteristies recommended. in8.23. ‘Tobie 2. Examples of sampling plans for inspection by attributes Operating ‘Semple size ny | Acceptance characteristic amber Ae ‘As recommended 88 4 in8232 From ISO 2859 L,AQL25 200 10 1M, AQL 4,0 315 21 8.2.4.2 1f the operating characteristic curve recommended in 8.2.3.2 is used, the conditions of test will be satisfied provided, in a sample with n, = 88, the number of defectives, d, does not exceed Ae = 4. ‘That means in generat for d Ag the batch is rejected, 8.2.8.3 The procedure of testing by attributes and its jnterpretation are summarized in the flow diagram given in table 4, 8.25 Sample plan with criteria for variable test method 8.2.5.1 A sampie for which the test value 214) is acceptable shell be deemed to conform to anormal Sistribution if not more than one individual test value ‘P(d,) out of a sample of 50 such values is less than the Tower limit L(4) EN 74 Page 11 8.2.52 In this notmel distribution, unusually high values for the load-bearing eapacity Pngy ty) which are greater then the sum of the mean (Z) and three times the standard deviation (3s) may be made equal to the value Proax sy) = +38. 8.25.3 If the curves recommended in 8.2.3 are used, sample sizes ny and the factor ky given in table 3 can be used. PEPE EEE Eee eee eer Pe Pee eee eee “Table 3. Examples of sampling plans for inspection by variables ‘Operating Game szeny | Feetor ky ceharectarete ‘As recommended 50 1.85 in823.2 Ascure bin figure2 | 103 1,62 Ascurvecintigure2 | 170 149 8.2.5.4 From the series of measurements Prag (A) and Pinan da) (transformed if necessary) using the methods ascribed in ISO 3207 the mean values (Dy) and Hts) in KN and the standard deviations in kN (dy) and siz) are estimated. ‘The test values (both in kN) 2Uds) = F1B,) —ky 811) 2102) = X02) ~ ky s(n) are calculated. 8.25.5 The test values z(d1) and z(A,), transformed back 10 original units if necessary, are compared with the limit load-bearing capacities L(A,) and £ (2a). if 244) > LAs) and 2(d2) > (fa) the prototype Is accepted. If 70, ) Ag the batch is rejected. 8.2.4.3 The procedure of testing by attributes and interpretation are summarized in the flow diagram given in table 4) 8.25 Semple plan with erteria for variable test method 8.2.5.1 A sample for which the test valve 2()) is acceptable shall Be deemed to conform to a normal distribution if not more than one individual test value P(A) out of a sample of 60 such values is less than the Las). EN 74 Page 11 8.2.52 In this normal distribution, unusually high values for the load-bearing capacity Prygx (hj! which are greater than the sum of the mean (x) and three times the standard deviation (3s) may be made equal to the value Prax (dy) = + 3s. 8.2.6.3 If the curves recommended in 8.2.3 are used, sample sizes n, and the factor k, given in table 3 can be used. Table 3. Examples of sampling plans for inspection by variables ‘Operating ‘Sample scan | Factor ky cherecterate ‘As recommended 50 1,65 in8.232 Ascurveb in figure2 | 103 1,62 Ascurecinfigue2 } 170 149 8.25.4 From the series of measurements Prngx (1), 2nd Prax (Og) (transformed if necessary) using the methods described in ISO 3207 the meen values Uy) and F(a) in kN and the standard devi (0) andi s(da) aro estimated. ‘The test values (both in kN) ZU) = RUG) ky *stlin} (0g) = X02) — ky *sida) ‘are calculated. 8.2.55 The test values 2(A1) and z(A), transformed back 10 original units if necessary, ere compared with the limit load-bearing capacities L(y) and LQ). Mf 204) > L(A) and 210s) > Lids) the prototype is accepted. 1 2(0y)< L{Q4) oF 2103) < L(g) the prototype is rejected. 8.2.5.6 The procedure of testing by variables and its interpretation is summarized in the flow diagram table 4. ions in kN. '5)1¢ may be that not ll operating characteristic curves recommended in 8.2.3 will pas exactly through the point P= 5 % end = 10% Get however, provide comparable protection in terms of the oper a 95%. 1 p+ 80 X). Consequently they may Not correspond directly with the factors # end'k, in |S0'9207. They will, ing charecteriatiesEN 74 Page 12 ® Load tests for prototype couplers 9.1. General 9.1.1 The prototype tests shal be carried out by @ competent authority or an independent orgehizstion which is approved by the competent authority. With the exception of the torque spanner, all test equipment shall have an accuracy of £ 2%. The toraue spanner shall have an accuracy of £5 %, 18.1.2 New hot-dip galvanized scaffold tubes with 3,2 mm wall thickness in accordance with pr HD 1039-1987, Steel tube EN 39.4V-3E, shall be used when performing the ‘behaviour-undertoad test on couplers. The mass of per unit area shell be not less than 300 g/m, The tubes, ‘when tested, shall have a surface condition similar to that of a tube just after galvanizing. 9.1.3 New couplers shal be used for the tests, The couplers, when tested, shall have a surface condition lr to that of @ coupler just after manufacture, 4 The sections of tube shall have atleast the iengths ted in the figures, and for each test series they shall tubes. Various tests may be carried out on the same soction of tube, provided ‘that they are not carried out in the same zone. 9.188 In the behaviour-under-ioad test for swivel couplers, ‘each coupler shall be used once only, For right angle ‘couplers, each may be used twice, but each half shall be fixed to the basic tube once only. Couplers undamaged In a bbehaviour-under-ioad test may be used again for the ultimate load test. 18.1.6 The coupler shall be fixes to the tubes in accordance with the manufeeturer's instructions. For couplers with Serewed components, the thread of the bolt shall be lubricated before testing and the nut turned once along the full length of the thread by hand to ensure that the thread is usable, ‘The method of tightening shall be in accordance with 5.2.16, In the case of couplers secured by screwing, the ‘torque shall be applied with a torque spanner. 9.1.7 A pre-ioad shall be applied before displacement ‘messurements 4, are commenced in all load tests in which such measu displacement measurements shall be set under the pre-load ‘The pre-load is part of the test food, indi bbe taken from at least five differ 9.2 Testing of behaviour under load of right angle couplers 9.2.1 Test layout ‘The test layout is shown in figure 3a). ‘The coupler shall be subjected to a uniformly i oad P. The displacements A, of the coupler are measured ‘at two points: ©11¢ehe operating characteristic is chosen in ecordance with 8.2.3.2, according to 8.2.4, larger sem {Ay is the displacement of the transverse tube relative to ‘the basic tube; ‘By Is the displacement of the rear of the coupler clamp ‘fixed 10 the basic tube relative to the basic tube. ‘The zero for both displacement measurements shall be set under a pre-load of 1,0 kN. 9.2.2 Test procedure for inspection by attributes Minimum number of tests®: n= 88. Minimum number of couplers: 44. Acceptance number®): A, = 4. “The loed P shall be increased up to a value Lida). At P= L(d1) the displacement A, shall be messured, and ‘at P= Lid) the displacement dy shall be measured. Hf at P= L (Ay) the displacement A, exceeds 7,0 mm, or if at P= L (Aa) the displacement (Az) exceeds 0,6 mm, or if the load P= L(A,) is not reached, the coupler fails. For values of L(A,) and (Az) see table 1, column 5 for class A und column 6 for class B couplers. The number d of failing couplers shall be recorded and compared with acceptance number Ac. IfaA,, itis rejected (see table 4). For at least five couplers, the load-displacement curves, P= fid,) and P= F(A) shall be plotted at east up to displacements of Ay = 7,0 mm and A, = 0,6 mm provided P does not previously exceed a value of 30,0KN or the coupler yields and fails. The curves shall include at least fone measuring point for every 1,0 KN of increase in load. 9.2.3 Test procedure by the variables method Minimum number of tests”: 1, = 50 ‘Minimum number of couplers: 25 Appropriate coefficient”): ky = 1,65 “The load shall be increased uniformly at a rate of between 0,3 and 0,4 kN/s until the coupler begins to slip. ‘Thereafter @ rate of slip of approximately 2 mm/min should be maintained. ‘Load-displacement curves P= f(A) and P= flda) should be plotted, either: 2) until both the displacement A reaches a value of 7,0 mm and the displacoment Az reaches a value of 05mm, or b) until P reaches a value of 3 times L (2), or €) until the load reaches 2 maximum Pyagy where the load cannot be increased any further. ‘The test laboratory shall record the load at which any visible damage occurs on the coupler, and its nature. es may be needed, ‘Tit ene cperating characteristic a) chown in accordance with 82.3.2, according to clause 8.2.5, lager sample sizss may be nowded,eres emer up suyuuerep or (2 (2"(a"[e 10 mon ops 4EN 74 Page 14 {As soon as one of the conditions a) to c) occurs, the test ‘may be stopped. ‘The following load-bearing capecity values should be taken from the displacement curves for assessment: Proax (Ox) 96 the maximum load in the displacement range Ay = 0 10 7,0 mm. Prron ida} a5 the maximum load in the displacement range 2 = 0 t0 0,5 mm. “The means X(04) and ¥(b,), the standard devi ‘sl and s1Qp) and the test values zis) = FA) ky “80 ) and 2(Dg) = 10a) ~ ke “(da) shall be calculated from the measured values Pax (21) and Proxida), and compared with the lower limits of load, Lie) and £(B). For values of L(A, ) and L (dy) see ‘able 1, column 5 for Class A and column 6 for Class B couplers fz) > LOs ) and 22} > L(A), the prototype is accepted Hf2(d) < L(y) orz{da} < L(dy |), the prototype is rejected (see table 4). 9.24 Results 10 be included in the test report — Five load-displacement curves. — All the measured values, namely, in the case of inspection by attributes, all the displacement values Ay at P= Lids) and ; wt P= L{da), and in the case of inspection by variables, all the measured values Progn ti | and Prog (Do) — The method of calculation and the assessment results, ‘when testing by attributes, record the method and rate of loading 19.3 Testing of behaviour under load of swivel couplers “The test procedure, the number of tests and the assessment procedures are the seme as in the case of right angle ‘couplers, with the following exceptions: 1a) the number of couplers to be tested is twice as large, ‘ each coupler can only be used once in the test: b) the test layout is shown in figure 3b: «¢) the coupler shall be prevented from twisting: 4) the pre-load of 0,1 KN is applied in the opposite direction to P; the position of the coupler under this preload is the starting point for the displacement reasurernents Ay , D3 and Qs; ©) after the preliminary load, a load P = 0,1 KN is applied in the direction of the load as shown in figure 3b) and the displacement A, is recorded: then, as ‘when testing right angle couplers, P is uniformly increesed, and displacement curves P= fidy) and P= fit) are plotted in the case of variable testing (the ‘coupler play A is thus Included in the displacement Aik 4} Ay shall be indicated in the test report and compared with the data supplied by the manufacturer (see 5.31; 49) for inspection by attributes the load shall be inereased without interruption up to a value of P=BSKN, following Ay measurement; where P=60KN, A, shall not exceed the value of 7,0. mm: where P= BS KN, As shell not exceed the value of 0,5 mm; h) for inspection by variables, the test values shall be: 2101) (Or) = 6:OKN and 2103) L (Aa) =8,5KN,EN 74 Page 15Pt EN 74 Page 18 “The test layout is shown in figure 7. The weakest bending axis of the coupler shall be positioned on the underside of the tubes. If necessary, preliminary tests shall be carried ‘out to determine the weakest bending axis of the coupler. These preliminary tests are not part of the prototype tests. ‘Ay is the displacement at the centre relative to the end reaction points, The zero for the displacement measurement shall be set under a pre-load of 1,0 KN. “The load is then increased up to a value of L = 19,0 kN. ‘The prototype is rejected if one measured deflection dg <5,0 mm or if the load P= L (Aq) cannot be reached. For at least five couplers, the displacement Ag shall be plotted on a load-displacement diagram, with at least one ‘measuring point for every 1,0 KN increase in load. Figure 7. Test apparatus for bending load eapacity testing of class B sleeve couplers 9.8 Tensile testing of sleeve couplers with shear pins Number of tests and couplers: 10. “The test layout is shown in figure 6. After setting the lacement zero under a pre-load of 1,0 KN the axial tensile force is increased up to a value of L (A\} = 20,0KN, and the displacement A is measured. ‘The prototype is rejected if one measured displacement, value is greater than A = 5,0. mm. If4<5,0 mm, the load is increased until fracture and the breaking load is measured. ‘The prototype is rejected if one measured value for the breaking load is less than L = 50,0 KN, 9.9 Testing of behaviour under load of paratel couplers “The assessment procedure and the number of tests shell be selactadin accordance with 9.2, “The test layout is shown in figure 8. The displacement zeros are sot under a preload P= 1,0 kN. For inspection by attributes the load shall be increased without interruption to a value P= L (22) = 15,0 KN Under this load, 2, shall nor exceed 2 value of 2,0 mm anc 2g avalue of 0,5 mm For inspection by variables the load displacement curves, P= f(dq) and P= fd) shal be plotted. The following toad-bearing capacity values shall be determined from them: Prax ts) 88 the maximum load in the displacement range 4; = 0 to 2,0mm, and Panis} 88 the maximum load inthe displacement range dy ~ 0.10 0,5 mm, “The test values x10} ond 2(Aa as specified in 8.25 and 8.2.3 shal be calculated from the values of Prgx (2s | {800 Prax (da). The acceptance criteria for the prototype are: 2(0) > Lidy) = 15.0 KN and 203) 2 L(03) = 15.0 KN. 1 roller bearings used to support the tubes, Figure 8, Test apparatus for investigating the behaviour under load of parallel coupters "See national foreword.9.40 Determination of the ultimate load for parallel couplers ‘Number of tests and couplers: 5. “The test layout is shown in figure 9. The abutment is provided on the solid bar in ordar to prevent the coupler from slipping, The abutment shall be located on the side of the bar away from the short tube, and where necessary should be adapted to the shape of the coupler. The lltimate load shall be considered reached when the coupler breaks or the load cannot be increased further. “The prototype shall be rejected if one of the measured ultimate load values is less than L = 20,0 KN. aa | f Sy 1 solid ber, machined to 48,3 mm outside diameter with & tolerance of #0,5 mm 2 stot piste fixed to the short tubs 3 sburment 4 roller bearings used to support the solid bor Figure 9. Test apparatus to determine the ultimate load of parallel couplers 10 Test report and certificates 10.1 Test report “The results of all prototype tests on couplers, loose spigots and bese-plates shall be recorded in the test report of the testing laboratory. ‘The report shall contain: for couplers, loose spigots and base-plates: 3] a confirmation that the shape of the component fatisfies all the requirements of clause 5; 1) the measured dimensions, tolerances and deviations from the theoretical values: ‘c} the masses measured: EN 74 Page 19 d) the charac «#) the type of surface protection; and, in addition, for couplers: 4) in the case of screw couplers, the value of the tightening torque at which the load tests were carried out: ‘9) all the measured values and assessment results of the {ests carried out in accordance with clause 9. istics of the materials found: 102 Certificates 10.2.1 Where a certificate of a test laboratory is drawn up, it shall quote the reference number of the test report and ‘hall identify the particular coupler, loose spigot or base- plate by reference to the designation given in clause 3, “The certificate shall certify that the coupler has been ‘ested and examined in accordance with the appropriate Clauses of this European Standard and that it complies ‘with the latter. 10.2.2 At the purchaser's request in the order, the rmanifacturer shell supply 2 certificate of compliance stating that the couplers, loose spigots or base-plates Comply with the requirements of this European Standard. 11 Designation Couplers, loose spigots and base-plates shail be designated by the denomination, EN 74, the code designations given in clause 3 and the following symbols: ‘Aor B for the class of coupler, where appropriate, otherwise Z; IM when the production quality control is carried out by the manufacturer and under his responsibility: C when the production quality control is carried out by virtue of an independent certification system. ‘Example for a right angle coupler ((RA) see 3.2) class A with quality control according to an independent certification system (C]: Coupler EN 74 —RA-A-C 12 Marking Couplers, loose spigots and base-plates shall be legibly marked, by imprinting on pressings or embossing on forgings, with the following marks in one or two lines: =EN74 — Aor B for the class of coupler, whe appropriate = the year of manufacture (last two figures) = manufacturer's name or trede mark — if appropriate, the sign of the independent certification body. ___ ___-— illNational appendix A. “The Usited Kinadom pertlcipation inthe preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by the Civil Engineering and Building eee ei aeet Polley Committee (CSB/.) 0 Tachnicst Committas CSB/57, upon which the following bodies ware represented ‘Assoeition of Coreuting Engineers ‘Association of Consulting Scientist: British Conetructional Stelwork Assocation Ltd. British Stee! Industry Building Employers” Confederation ‘Concrete Society Construction Health and Safety Group Construction Industey Training Board Depertment ef the Environment (Property Services Agency) Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Engineering Equipment and Materiels Users’ Associetion English Net Manufacturers” Association Federation of Civil Enneering Contractors ith ane Setery Executive tute of Building Contro} station of Civil Engineers Inetitution of Structural Engineers Nations Association of Scaffolding Contractors National Federation of Master Steeplejcks end Lightning Conductor Engineers Pratabriontee Aluminium Scaffolding Manufacturers’ Association ‘Suupended Access Equipment Manufacturers’ Association " i National appendix B “The British Standards corresponding to the international standards referred to in the text are as follows: International standard ‘British Standard BS 6001 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Iso 2859-1974 Part 1 : 1972 Specification for sampling plans indexed by acceptable quality level (AQL) for (Technically equivalent) BS 2846 Guide to statistical interpretation of data 180 3207-1975 Part 3 : 1975 Determination of a statistical tolerance interval (Identical) Iso 3951-1987 {BS 6002 : 1979 Specification for sampling procedures and charts for inspection by variables for percant defective (ISO/DIS 3951 Technically equivalent) “The related British Standard to pr HD 1039-1987 is BS 1139 : Section 1.1 : 1990 ‘Specification for steel tube’, which is considered by the Technical Committee to be suitable for cross-reference for the purposes of BS 1139 : Section 2.1 : 1991. ‘The related British Standard to ISO 752-1982 is BS 3436 : 1986 ‘Specification for ingot zine’, which is considered by the Technical Committee to be suitable for erose-reterence for the purposes of BS 1139 : Section 2.1 : 1991.“This British Standard wat published under the authority of the Boers of BSI and comes into effect om 31 January 199% ‘© British Stondarde Institution, 1991 First published, 9 8S 1139, November 1943 ‘Second edition Nevember 1851 ‘Third edition June 1964 Fourth edition, ar BS 1198 : Part 2, September 1962 Pith edition, BS 1739: Section 2.1, January 199) ISBN 0 680 188695 “The folowing BS! reerencat relate to the work on tis standard: Commitee reerence CSB/S7 Draft for comment 85/1496 DC ‘Brah Standards nettution, Incorporated by Royal Charter, BS! the Inoependemt national Body forthe preparation of Brish Standards inte UX member af the Intemationel Orgarizaion for ‘Sisndardsation and UK sponsor of te Butsh Nationel Commitee of fhe imernatonel Electrotechnical Commission. tn addition 1 the preparation and promulgation of stondarés, BS! fotiers specialist services including the orovsion of information ‘Srrough the Bs! Library and Standarline Databese: Techrica Hep to Exporters, and otter services. Advice can be obtained trom the Enquiry Section BS, Mion Keynes WK14 GLE, wlephone (9500 729166, telex 625777 ‘copyright. Users of British Standards ar reminded that copyright tuba Fs a0 BS! publications, No per of thie publication may be BS 1139 : Section 2.1 : 1991 EN 74: 1988 reproduced in any form without the prior permission In wetng of BSI “This doesnot precise the tee use, inthe course of implementing the Standard of necessary details such a8 symB0is and sie, type OF grade ‘designations. Enqutes should be adatessed to the Publications Maneget, BS, Linford Wood, Miton Keynes MK4 6LE. The number for telephone enquires 0908 220022 and fot tlex 825777 Contract requiremants.& British Standard does not purport to incase tthe necarsary provisions of 2 contact. Users of British Standards ‘te exponsibie Tor thelr comet sopication. 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ANY person who, then making ue of» British Stenderd, encounters an insceurecy 0° ribiguiy te equesed 10 nowy BSI without delay in ore thatthe mater my be Investigated and appropriate ation ken, ‘Cooperating organizations “The Europesn Commitiae for Stenderdization, under whose “Lpervsion this European Standard was prepered, comprises the ‘tional standards orpanzetions of the folowing Wester Eurepean countries. Ossterreichisches Normungsinstitut Inetitutbelge denormalisstion DanekStanderdiseringsraad Suomen Standaraisoimisito ry ‘Association francaise de normalisation Deuteches InstturfarNormunge.V. lellenie Organ zation for Standardization Technological institute oficeland National Standards Authority oflreland Ente Nazionaialtaliano diUnificazione Inspection duTravailet des Mines Nederfends Normalisatieinstituut Norges Standardiseringsforbund Instituto Portuguésda Qualidade ‘Asociacion Espatiola de Normalizecion y Cenificacion ‘Sweden Standardiseringskommissionen Sverige: Switzerlend __ Association suisse dernormalisation UnitedKingdom Grits Standerdsinstitution Amendments issued since publication Amd. No Date of issue) Textatfected British Standards Institution - 2 Park Street London W1A 2BS : Telephone 071-629 9000 - Telex 266933 36/87~~ ~ a $ i) ar AMD 10294 a = —<< SR Corrigendum No. 1 published and effective from 15 October 1998 to BS 1139: Section 2.1 : 1991 Metal scaffolding Section 2.1 Specification for steel couplers, loose spigots and base-plates for usé in working scaffolds and falsework made of steel tubes Instructions for replacement of pages ‘The following pages contain new or revised text. Please remove any superseded pages and insert the new or revised pages in the position given in the sumumary of pages (see page a). Where only one of the two pages on ‘each sheet has been updated, the other page has been reprinted. Front cover and inside front cover a 9 Back cover You may wish to retain the superseded pages, e.g. for reference purposes. If so please mark them “Superseded by issue X°, where "X” is the appropriate issue number. If you do not wish to retain the superseded pages, please destroy them.Metal scaffolding Part 2: Couplers Section 2.1 Specification for steel couplers, loose spigots and base-plates for use in working scaffolds and falsework made of steel tubes ‘This European Standard EN 74 has the status of a British Standard xes91.220 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW ST BS 1139: Section 2.1 : 1991 EN 74: 1988 Incorporating Corrigendum No.1BS 1139: Section 2.1 : 1991 Contents Page ‘National foreword Inside front cover, Brief history 2 Text of EN 74 3 \Nationat appendix A National appendix B Cooperating organizations Inside back cover Inside back cover, Back cover, National foreword | __ This Section of BS 1139 has been prepared under the direction of the Civil Engineering and Building Structures ‘Standards Policy Committee (CSB/-), Together with BS 1139 : Section 2.2 : 1990, it supersedes BS 1139 Part 2 : 1982, which is withdrawn, ‘This Section of BS 1139 is one of a series specifying requirements for the design, construction and testing of equipment for use in scaffolding and other temporary . structures. BS 1139 : Section 2.1 is identical with EN 74 : 11988 ‘Couplers, loose spigots and bese-plates for use in ‘working scaffolds and falsework made of steel tubes; Requirements and test procedures’ published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 74 ‘was produced as a result of agreement in CEN Technical Committee TC 53, Seaffolds, falsework and mobile sccess towers, in which the UK took an active part, ‘Some significant points about this Section of BS 1139 to which attention is drawn are the following. 7 {a} Other scaffold couplers and fittings commonly in “ Use in the UK are dealt with in BS 1139 : Section 2. 7 (b) For right-angle and friction type sleeve couplers ‘there are now two load classes, For right-angled ‘couplers, Ciass A is equivatent to the grade given in 8S 1199 : Part 2 : 1982, Class B is 50 % stronger than Class A. For friction type sleeve couplers, the new Class 8 is ‘equivalent to the British coupler in the earlier BS 1139: Part 2 and the Clatt A it 60 % weaker than Class B and ‘currently not in use in the UK. Loose spigot pins and sleeve couplers with sheer pins {are currently not in use in the UK. {c} The minimum permissible base-plate area is now a little smaller. {d) Load bearing peratlel couplers are now specified. {e) There is an increased minimum yield strength requirement on all coupler fasteners (typically bolts) {together with 2 restricted torque tightening/wedge range. {f) The philosophy of testing has been changed to verify an individual coupler design and facilitate on-going ‘quality assurance. (g) Additional information is required to be merked on all products. {h) There is limited information on hexagon sizes. The United Kingdom scaffolding industry generally requires hexagons to be between 20.3 mm and 20.8 mm across flats, Issue 2, October 1998 BS 1139 is now published in separate Parts and Sections as follows and on publication of Section 2.2, 8S 1139 : Part 2 : 1882 will be withdrawn. Part 1 Tubes Section 1.1 Specification for steel tube Section 1.2 Specification for aluminium tube Part 2 Couplers ‘Section 2.1 Specification for steel couplers, loose spigots and base-plates for use in working scaffolds and falsework made of steel tubes Aldentical with EN 74) Section 2.2* Specification for steel and aluminium ‘couplers, fittings and accessories for use in tubular szatfolding Part 3 Specification for prefabricated access and working towers, Part 4 Specification for prefabricated steel splitheads ‘and trestles Part St Specification for materials, dimensions, design loads and safety requirements for service and working seatfolds made of prefabricated elements (Technically equivalent to HD 1000) . {tn examining the text of EN 74 certain printing errors have been noted, These were agreed by CEN/TC 53 at its 1980 i London meeting and will be minuted by the CEN/TC 53 Secretariat for future amendment of the standard. They are 2s follows with the page numbers referring to the EN text, (a) EN cover page. Include Iceland and Luxemburg in the list of countries. (b) Page 2, last paragraph. Include Iceland, Ireland, Luxemburg and Sweden in thelist of countries (} Page 3, lst of figures, At the bottom of the list of figure descriptions replace ‘Dimensions in mm’ by ‘All linear dimensions shown in the figures are in millimetres’. (d) Page 4, footnote 1), The word ‘coupler’ has been ‘omitted and the footnote should read: “For the purpose of this European Standard 2 coupler, spigot or base-plate of a new or old design ‘submitted for the first time to specific tests specified in this standard’. {e) Page 18, paragraph 3, line 2. The symbol *<"is incorrect and the line should read: ‘ha > 5,0 mm or if the load P= L (4) cannot be reached." Contect requirements. A Beth Standed does not purpor to nclode {tthe necessary provisions ofa contact. Users of Bah Standards ihre vesponubie for tei ertet application Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself ‘corer immunity from legal obligstions. Tin preparation” it wil cover couples, fittings and Becesories not included in Section 2.1, Additonal couples have not yet been harmonized. Tn preparation, eas! 1998 2Issue 1, October 1998 BS 1139 : Section 2.1 : 1991 ———————————— Summary of pages ‘The following table identifies the current issue of each page. Issue 1 indicates that a page has been introduced for the first time by amendment. Subsequent issue numbers indicate an updated page. Vertical sidelining on replacement pages indicates the most recent changes (amendment, addition, deletion). Page Tesue Page Toue Front cover 2 10 ‘lank Inside front cover 2 u original a 1 [12 original b blank (33 original 2 original 4 original 2 original 6 original 3 original 16 » | original 4 original a originalEN 74 Page 9 Issue 2, October 1998 ropsneuou texqueeae rennet uow rensnevoe rena yoo vompnesou eninneuoeIssue 2, October 1998 “This British Standard was published under the authority of the ‘Board af BSI and comes into effect on 31 Januaty 1991 © Bish Standards Insttution, 1998 Fit published, ¢ BS 1139, November 1943 Second edition November 1981 ‘Third edition une 1964 + Pare 2, Septamber 1882 Fourth edition, oe BS 1 Fifth edition, as BS 1129 : Section 2.1, January 1991 ISBN 0 580 18669 5 “The following BSI references rate to the work on this standard Commitee rtarence CSB/S7 Draft for comment B5/15498 DC 236i is te independent ratenal boy responsbe fr preparng Entsh Standards presen the Ux review on stancardain Europe and a the inematona! ee. 'e neorported by Royal Sharer Revisions Brian Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of Brtish Standards should make cure tat they possess the latest ‘smendments or editions. {tie the constant alm of BS! 10 improve he qualty of our products {nd services, We would be grataful anyone finding an inaccuracy ‘or ambiguity while using bis Brtih Standard would Inform the ‘Seotetary of the responsible technical commiten, the Kenity of wich ean be found on the inside front cover, Tel: 0181 S98 9600; {8S offers members anindvdua! updating eendce cates PLUS which enguras that subscribers automaticaly receNve the lales! ‘echons of standards. BS 1139 : Section 2.1 : 1991 EN 74: 1988 Buying standards (Orders for all 8S, international and foreign standards publications. should be addressed to Customer Services, Tet 0181 296 7000, Fax: 0181 9987001. 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Committees responsible for this British Standard ‘ne European Committe for Standaizmtion, uncer whose “supervision this European Standard was prepared, comnriaes the ational suancards orgnizations of the folowing Western European countries. ‘Austria ‘Oestorreicnisches Normungsinsttut Belgium Institutbelge de normalisation Denmark Finiend France Germany v. Greece Hellenic Organizstion for Standardization ‘tare ‘Technological institute ofealand Wreland National Standards Authority oflrlane aly 1odiUnificazione Lovemburg fetdes Minos Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut Noway Norges Standardiseringsforbund Portuge! Instituto Portuguds ca Qualidece Spain ‘Asociacion Espafola de Normalizaciony Centfieacion ‘Sweden ‘Standardiseringskommissioneni Sverige ‘Switzerland Assocation sulsse de normalisation, UnitesKingdom _Britsh Stondoresinstnation ‘Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue | Text affected 70234 ‘October 1998 | Table 7 reduced to Ad on page 9, indicated Corrigendum by a sideline in the margin British Standards Institution - 389 Cniswick High Road London Ws 4AL - Telephone 0181 996 9000 - Fax 0161 €96 7400