apxtrektovika QeparTa architecture in greece etnoia em@ewpnon annual review14 "H AAextpovucd rroAco5opia 105 dpxwréxtovos T. X. Zeverou Te mapaxérs ap6pe Bacifera: oriy edéry TO cuyypapéeas (1952-62) Vie Thy Ebappoyi veuwv peBeduav ory dy Tiueramon Tey xeoporakincy Kal no- Aeobopincv mpoBAnuarev. TS aiizo- 80 a76 roto d8nyoivrat 78 roheo8o- luk’ mpophfuara, ) éroruxia ry e- B66 mod tbapuomKay expL oH spa yid ry Evikuof Tous Kal of 6u0- heveig émmmborig toUg oviy avémru- tas xi2p06, xavouy Thy Bnuocicu- cn roU SpSpou iBtalrepa émixaipn. TS &p8p0 oUUMAnpiove! jd éruoxormeN, ig BieBvodg Epeuvag Kai vow Emreu Seay rig Texvohoyiag of ropes TOU Empeazouy dyeoa rh Stapdpeu10y too oWwavtKod Kal MOACOBOUIKOD ep Badaovros. EBG Binpene va onpew8i én of poPtieie yid Tig Texvoloyuees xa kowainee e&eAigelg ovig éroieg om pinay el mpordaeic TOU oUvypa- 4tiog, cire Brorékcoav T8v ordxo oxe- Tuxav épcuve, cire mpaynaronoifén- kav of pevago, OF dmreiBeag Sys aires 82v Exouv xpyo\oroinon axe Wp otv routs vg Spyavdoeus rev 1 ‘Arvovosipanam avenruty “Avaotohh rig mindvowiaxts noNoCAIG Lbs Bqutoupyia vrctvrpusy Kal Evo Baomod Suerdou Tmhe-tvepyeic & ‘Doxktipuon r08 Suerbow. “Odes of povédec Exouv 76 [Bio Optimum peyedog. 'HABva viverat pla povas nokueevspiROo cueripates, od Biabeper Lowe ot eben “ “nok ofspa. A: xpuroyevig anaaxchnan, B: Beurepoyevis Snaexsaqor, 5 1H néin abpio."H alroyaromoinen Tig Seutepoyevois napayuyfs nporahet Yeviecuon rhe Taroyevous aneoxohecas, Poamcia teat otv tmordlcopa ‘eunpspnen Hig née. “H werérn mapovordernne yia npc gop 18 1962 ory ExBcan 700 ’Opya: wiopod Loyxpovns Karoikiag ord Zam nneio, ord E’ Mlavehhwio “Apxirextovi- Ko TuvEBpro (1966) dvaxorvaidqee a epapyoyiy ms vie Tiy ‘ABHva, Kai Gn hoctedrmke ‘ova mepiobiKe «Zuydcr HI/I961 (@pxuxi mpéraom «avn KEv- spuvs), CApxirekromn}> 42/1963, eArchitectural. Review» 4/196 Architectural Design» 5/1964, «Te- xviKa. Xponné 2/1966 al 3-4/1967 ral «’Apxerexrovind Gtwaras 1/1967. O48. “Hin elvat 78 Tehtérepo EquiodpynHa 100 dvSpioreu oryy npocmatesa Tou ve Beh- yioen wis evsOfees Srafiooriig Tou eel Gvamrign Gea oeTnHe KoivamKDY Aes ‘oupyidw. “H ropaywyuen Bpaormpiorns ‘ouvBeera:Byieoa pe nig woNtoviets heroupe Yieg, €# S000 78 peyedos 7g MONCIAg vt rroxpiveror ovjy evopumivy Wipe. Tore 8 dards Exe icon vedngy 700 dtoreht= ‘usroe rig tpyaciag Tou wal ToD” pOkOU rou avh Breysppoan rod kawiav cod rep BeMdovros. Ehnepa. Adv The cliche Be: rrabung tg Yprroyevalg mapayey"s xa ig aifavoueune peraxorjouse THe dna exosjatig npee aOriy. A avGpiamten HAL {ora mal ro optimum neyeBos rg WoC, Eenepéomxav."H naan perarpénerat npo Beira 96 Evav ampéowne ape afie ‘ Teh Yoon, mon mapovorsizovres ra ‘Bie forwoueva, "A! énécraom roo ‘tprreyevous Toptws yiverat Radi xara Tie Bio Suvbivoen (mpaypa nod dényET ors {Bio Abuégobe) yar ot tyraraoTazcic tov avamruogorral ToKuTepa mo 75 hnBuoys, fv ouynpowng fy rokq Brxoropictat. , Hl ypouuxi tmtxvaon xara wa ied oven, eyes Fuomay éumosiuoy aBnyer arhy Enberacn tod xivspou Fes drs iy moh “Era1 al@averas ouvenddg Andoreon 100 verry épyaoiag dno Tv nepiox} proms. Mpcowpre eraéio, ity Planning and Electronics by T. Ch. Zenetos, architect The following article is based on a study of the author (1982-1962) con- corning the application of new meth- ‘ods to the solutionofregionaland town planning, and related human problems. The Impasse we are presently facing, the failure of current methods and their negative side-effects on the de- velopment of a country, render the publication of this article particularly timely. The article Is accompanied by a roview of international research and technological advances in. related fields, directly influencing the evolu- tion of the social environment We should note that the authar anti- cipated developments in the fields of technology and social organisation, fon which he based his proposals, and which have been realised in the meantime or are in the process of boing roalisad. However, thoy have not yet been applied to urban plan- ning as such, ‘This study was first presented in 1962 at the Exhibition of the Organisation ‘of Modern Housing in Athens; a paper fn its application to the masier plan °. Mettovrixs ardbie. A, Karouxia xsi emcepyaolos.A, + B:Abrouaromomuéyn mmAebicveuvéuerm Beurepoyevig eal aproyerig napaywyi. a: énepropiom Groeraon, Bs tmheawvGean, ys ehedBepy bnewraon. 10. “Avahuri Gitypayus. a: Abin ofc Bs peraorio orebio, y: hedhowrnd brdbi. Feats dpxte! a) ueySdy nnvsmns, ‘od mepopge Thy Beraan "ig Makes el Sueokve: hy cormarrate mts at Ti nag) neh Gn BveBbower Tov Sredaubepoujtvon éerdonay,f) Rms wat ebeapmes naraoneute ral Eyeorearsong tnoboune, 9) Svabeconen ‘ay Sputy exebronj 4 fson The Bian rev wlows towingfor Athens was read at the Fifth Pan- hellenic Architectural Congress. in 1986. It has been published in the magazines "Zygos" 11/1961 (prelimi nary phase: prototype of anti-centre), ‘Architoktoniki" 42/1963, “Architectur- al Review" 4/1964, "Architectural De- sign” 5/1964, “Technika Chronika” 2) 1966 and 3-4/1967, and “Architecture In Greece” 1/1987, Oo. ‘The city is the most perfect creation of man’s effort to better his Ife through & System of social interrelations. Production is dreclly related to other social activities 80 long as its scalo and procaduros cor- fespond to the human scale, Today, this 1 Random development 2 Artest of uneven population growth {through the creation of ant-contres and a baste network of tole-activities. 5. ‘Completion ofthe network All urban tunis have the same optimum size. ‘Athens becomes one unit In @ mull= ccantre system, differing only in felds ff specialisation, The city today. &: tertiary employment, Br secondary employment 5 ‘Tao city tomorrow: automation of the secondary industries leads to widespread Tertiary employment and congestion of 2 aly hi In *linear” cities the results are identical. ‘The development of the tertiary Industr08 to-an impasse, as fs installations trovw fastor han population and end in bisecting the ty t Linear development in a strictly ono sirectional system (because of natural Obstacles) drives the extending centre futside the ety, continuously Increasing the distance betwoon rosidence and work 8 Transitional stage, 9. Future stage, A)" Residential area and telework”. A, +B: Automated tole-managed secondary and toriary Industries. a: infinite distance, b: tele- connection +: free extension. io Detailed diagram a: the city today, B: transitional etage, v: future stage. General principles: €) high densities to curb city expansion and facilitate social Intorcoureo and contact with nature. Relorestation of reclaimed land, b) movable and flexible structures, ©) revision of planning principles it the light of improved communications techniques. 15 ponévo tnoweioned oviy mapayer Nc Savona teroniferampos rv pepe. ‘Ouarees xopoereu mepiepedhe ry woh sevthopoveras of Bho tei peyen’repy fat aon and elncnodg-omwripa Wa Tose pyares ros tpreyevous routs od Bae Shlata fxBxonovre! Smo nyy rn, Kal yi bug usravovec mob tpuovrat advise pronée mou Plow. “H Biabieaaia ary Srerdts pt rectrees pode ova pepsin shravouied xévrp, enrawoverrag frat Thy ‘uuibspno Tous, éva Tavvonaove ol Sno- ome nhug vow v8 kopaworody. ‘Hyetarpor wig maken érohaoried ot ope nepayyie, nev Retoupyel Lenire tovo tse pes 10 clxoorerpitsp, the er sepaomes trenSaeig orh Soph 100 & trinat lovod Yo ng Emeereopes fy Saoréenig "00 npwoyevobg Tout al Ta Fpyemohogapiag kevevobiciaca xa ea: Setrptges ty contacts opp el role Bé) ynopoty wa avaBnuloupynsedy brig nepiotig fav Gnvsrnptoy FW ixatict nekcobopla npeomadet wi Bia srpten 2 hatovyia Te eekcespeves ‘Mupnyoyuct Sib icoaeg Tob Tpreyevoeg ‘Tojtide he na Umpaocro peso. Ropaaimaa cil rekcobojot koropahhouy npoendtees Gore ra edmmuripion vi tlva pata one: Brooptve, ve Baberoww ns eévapaionreg owouirig Ornpeaiegy, xa mporetouv pe “pa yb-riy eration eradope row fprato: iesuv. erév one mapayoig 60 Thy ‘uvexg Bmoyanpuroueon meproxt Karon “ing. ARAa ea oxy Tov ees nekeay cmbujorar tne i Spud Ske thas Siagoperch, via ery SpyovCoH TOU Sy116 Brampettar 15 borne BiBicaordy mo} arkorpebe Tig tndprovees nohess 6,7). W idaoun Emiong avrierorien wig ve. smrdgeug nov Siagépay dovixaw Neroup- iow pe mpepAedn Bieddepuv xapLM, By Moupet vexpee Caves vig me anova Iepionis 709 doriet xopou. Ol méheig oytselva B5ivaro ve énorehtaouy KevTpS pied Te amortheoya aiTGv 1GY npoonsteDy xxi npootpin pSvo Bigpccc, yet 8 pe sa bievraN vod ti AetToupyiag TOU 7p: ‘oyevois routing Enrexivowy rv Byer Bf rou, rod tmpadnus ovverxOe yeyenore- ee tmeuBaceg, Qxoyn Kel ong Ole TOU tyraraorscess Crow vo f néhn karaorptécran wt auve- xOg peyantrepe olkovopiees Suateg Too Kotwavinal ouvohou ya Epya mod Biv 68 noopeotoDv rové Kal 8a Bnorchodv bum: Bio 8 pd peNovrich SpBoRo¥iC) verre in, TS mpoBnya rhe Saad Acroupylag roy mapaywyiKSy BiaBrcamiay Bev ema Tra. EuyspOris, 18 mepiBGMlov od oupyetrat xaraorpéger puxind Kal owua- ‘uc 'rov bpyaonevo bers Elva sbvénvo Bn mpénct vb ovauarion f avathmen mposwpiav Adacuv 700 Tae Bituarog pines va dp8ocv of avieg. Buri wa dyBAGvovre of ouvereike vous, “Avr ve Raveoxevdgwvra: “tpye BicuKohivecns, pines ve cavapyn0o0v of AvGyxes nov re EmBiAOW. "H Arucrdmian “ihe Kore. epsexie cundophotus. neu Sroupyet A rropayeyieh BaBicaots eel Bx of Kom ‘ees Neroupyieg, 86 elvan uvarh wove &v arapy704 vaya roy pevacinjoeon no {mugdhe f repayurys,* Mévo Eres 84 ine reundh wal 8 Boovees eréxog, Tol Iva: Fbrdcwon vig woke ‘Ta avyxpova vexvohoyind yéoe tmrpenouy ‘iy avrecardoraon raw napeBoctawy per Basawhetroupylag val BvarOEeug 700 Tok ‘oyevodg ropes, nol roreholy Thy at Tia rod bbekobou, b4' Boor oxebraoti, Eycaipn teapuowh rove ort woAcoBouta, ihe ova maion tas Yevineg oxcbiow me: Pibeperac dvanrOgeg nov 88 mpoosion havred ducrouopeeg omovixes GEurmpc- ‘rong Kal foeg Suveromres Endovig Kal dondoeag tnayyEiyoros H mepioxh Too tpstoycveos routu nob & vartuogeral pe trivexuvepive pubyo Biv ‘4008 Paoicds xormovunts Onmpeotes, hd sig e'¥mpeotes. iexmepeicoeug>, 8700 of Ktpusg BraBixaoleg epopoty plo Bee ‘epaition manpopopioy You mAéyaree na povatexaravahwon” ‘adreyeroroinen To rows abvod elvan thverh, Brig deivera: kal dvd Thy aie: wojey tapueyh Ted breyani) ovh Booyrevia nal ot tnt wepove. Emxcion stants Biabincoieg. “H énecracn val Yev euon ov dapper vis KuBepvamtst ‘rh Reroupyia raw «Ymmpeaicy Bicere- pauwotwge Ge ehevbepioon tva peyao no- Soars tpyalouéwun én draexokforis pourivag, nou nekhamAaciofovrat ye nro Sovoneve puto val &ramody ouvex a0. non rev eripany tyxaraoréoeuy ya Th ‘uatéyaon 100 évBpiamow al Tov Bieere austin poy, eal 68 warapyton Tv Svéven werenivicews rev epyaconevay™ ore tine rig Guxmepatcong’® Napihe ona 88 ‘earepynh Svs eran, tug wai av ekumnperouitvan! amo Te SNmpeotig. Atsemepansotig “Ero: Ba bedcifn abvonere f Boowch eis rhe cu epoca rig nudogopiag, nov Empandes Teptovig émevBoni yt rv ouvext| tne ‘en roy Bueruey wove KaBe clBous berapopuxcv péouv!**, Fig Bxpnores abe “tg. trevBioelg mpi vi npooreeh kal xabnnepivh énipapuven rig diovoping no ‘mh amarsn xpovou eal Kevohion, ol Thy uéven ouvmposig Surbuv Kal Oxy sro WlNeroupyia raw «Yeon Acer Goegs A mpeyteronoina yen ere Spracias an sroxabhnore Soy To8 So sobrs08 funod vou mayonoy xp ral G3 tnepemn ty ere Bumnpemon {O-avinumos, Genwi xawn wehutye pox ve one xaonsepnes Too peroniotg of Wesaog acroximvebponiow yaw xo. Tid ph toecrnpertee poltteas of Bs mepipbiiy ayvsore an peo, tpvar Tet ors ontn rou ot homo Sroug sipeue nov poiBur never ot nentepcona xeripa.dvaleye je Te ce Sognie Orbuaotag viene Siac ytoa ct Ech otal, Ere" ben me cinepta w suvavre nak Yous awvovspomou rat wd nan no To gual! 10 chorion You fh uéos ot indyeour otapospensue Hig bitwcdg nokta ok cer Sys torent barre: Th kesape tpyeolg 88 Sater éverma- thine now Pleteehae tector Tabtotoe rhe euovss ot guosce weyehog He anéhory movorna Kat roo fou, Be ‘vSlowa plow Brivojoy eroiaemAcy oop, we cde Emeuynno poco f 31a outepracs fw elvrpe wanpobor pla, tnekepyooiagdrehoyiian na Boe. fepaiooea "Et re civpo,tpyariag Se rpoogdpouy ng Sevaterns, ie sure Saag. ve kimrpa x0 Ng osciies ot imapxoyy olepa ore wie Yyaloundheclsnptyre noo oion ro patented Yo rg ree “Tiveraxioon pe ynsavicd plea ot yo: sree drooréoes ba ops Figen repedooas Enabcn, i coeedene Spa ‘ov perectouay ainay 68 pater Ty teknonemon va peowe emer: Be “H avroparonoinan Sv «'Yrpcouiy i sxaapaisariogn kaif Ebapyoyi rig emhc= Biemrepaidoetc> 8a Emrpepouy Ty be Tobopt av tyecracrécety vous fu ae ty nn, of meproxte xpneres yee Tov Svopumo (2,1). “Exel Ba Bvamrboosvral BietBepa, ue nepiopiopies padiove avay= eg o¢ ereyagpévous xtpovg Kal ot Bikrua owloboping H non r6re 68 clvas Suvardy v8 Brarnoy- 29 16 B05, nh euvecan al Ty Aiuaxa Fy Aetroupinay ya Ne note Sntoup: ‘yilnee"”. MepipaXtoy Sadmwpne xara Yee Tod dvSpuneu. dpunripto eal eLvrpS Bamouprerts BpacmpibmT06, romuvnoy naga Kel mveuparixav txBmoey, he 90 ov6 éroto 6 Hypnos @8 Ben madi Suvarémnra vid spayuaroe® aucacs émabés [iE Toug ouvavepamoug rou" 0 xpbv05 nod 88 kzoueovounBh 88 xarava~ Noxera: o& Sqyioupyixcrepes dnaoxehd ‘tig, nov Ga elvan Suvarés mahi or3 ora {hot dartva meGod. "H ernaeempepouiory Kal ermAetpeuvan, pe ese ‘expo ‘Stig maynoouioy xhjuevog, 83 Bowen Ts Fomodecieg Bryovig Too évBperou™, Heme B.cerepaicions. } ermezpyacian scat tamieeiZurmpérnanselvat Buvaroy v8 Eapuectooy pe re Unapxevra omucpa re woohoyme tee. Napéseryua ot ovpario= suxts al Siaotmuunts e4appoyés, nod énexe relvovrai Bn eragqibich wal crodg tm xeipjoranciig opts. TO xéoTes TouG eve bieporepo ane 78 dvilorocxa whavind Ep {ax kal Ansopeon tous eBaagarioutin, Xpetazeren Pepa pla werapavieh mepioBoe ‘ylbsiy dvanpocapioyh Tov napabooiaxS Lededuy Siemenawerug TS Onéprovra BeBouéva mepenouy pla ouvenenrich Exe ‘urjen To0 xpovixel abyb0 Siaariparos oF ooh pelg nevracres, avShoye pe Tov Pa scale, as woll as tho optimum size of the City, are outgrown as a result of the wide Spread development of the tertiary indus ‘ties. The city's gradually converted into 3 de-humanised space, exclusively 1 served for production, while residential areas witharaw to the outskirts. The natu Fal space surrounding the city is being Increasingly eccupiod by dormitory com: pounds for the growing number of ter- {lary production workers bath local and migratory. The rosulting need for contin: ous expansion of the city’s circulation Network, parking facilities and building accommodation for the co-hebitation of ‘man and processing installations require Immense ‘investments and at the same time destroy the urban structure and the social functions it should offer ‘The traditional school of city planning is stil trying to salvage tertiary industcy procedures, and facos the housing prob- fom by creating new dormitary areas of- fering the’ necessary social services" and “auick transportation” to the inereasingly remote production area, New cites. are equally doomed because thoir planning |s again based on existing systems of tertiary production; moreover, trying 10 deal with the expansion neode of the var- fous sectors by providing “ree spaces", only results in the formation of doad Fones: such cities can never become poles of attraction ‘The etfect of such measures, satisfying the requirements for adequate operation ‘of the tertiary industries, will be short: lived, because they only accelerate its swelling, necessitating even greater in- erventions in the structure of the city This velous circle ean stop only if we go tothe root ofthe problem ie, 10 the need ‘or man’s transpartation to the very place ‘of tertiary activities which, for the most part ‘consist of the. transmission “and Drocessing of information, Mocern technology oters the means to do away with traditional methods involving tho human factor, inthis rapicly expanding Iain sector of the "Processing Services ‘The completion of automation and the 2p- plication of cybernetics to these services Will pormit thei “tele-management’ elim inating the nood to travol dally fo. and from the working place or to central con: sumer services. Man will be abie to work at home, or in special public spaces of the residential Lnits, of In local centres, depending on the nature of the activity, which will hen be purely creative. The various centres of "olo-work" and “tele-services” would be equipped with advanced means of “tele Contacts"; thus, they would offer variety and flonbity of employmont, and the op- Portunities, conditions, motives and pos- Sibilies of large ciles freeing man from his dependance on hie place of work At the same time, the elimination of all outing occupations will permit man to Gevote himeelt to culture and advances Science through “tele-education” and “tole-resoarch™ with intornational_ scale possibilities, at his very living-place ‘The automation of the “Processing Ser- viese™ and tho application of "tele-man- ‘agement’ and tele-operations will permit tho tolocation of tho tertiary industries ‘away from the city, in areas otherw Useless to man, where they could freely ‘expand, requiring. nonetheless minimal Bullding ang circulation facilites ‘The city il then becomeagain anenviron- ment for srect human contacts and cre itive mental and cultural activites. Thesemeasures and methods will eliminate the causes of all actual problems of trate land vital space nsitional period, estimated fa roalty; thie is the minimum period ro= Suited for a re-orlentation of ity and r= gional planning. Meanwhile, central services should be transferred to the outskirts of cites, tra fic should be organised but not facil fated, and the application of *tele-activ ties” introduced In stages. “Tele- work” will puta stop othe abandor ‘ment of smaller urban centres, since t will bo in @ position to offer a8 many Portunties as large cites; the same wil u Master plan for the ot Transitional period. lopment ee (Athens, is, Corinth). 1. Universities, Technical Sehools, 2. Rosearch, 3. Industry, prototypes for the application of new methods and processes, S' industry, concentration of single production units in composite cycles, 4" Automated processing centro, tei managed tertiary industries, able provisional housing 8, Prefabricated removable "7. Tele-contacts, tele- processing and tele-control network fof secondary and tertiary industries, A. Firstantieentre, 8. Second antiscontre Oud avarrigewrg KéBe nepioxts. 'O xpé ‘905 abT6g Aig Enapeet ia Ty Avaya Avabwopyavicon pas abr nhy KaretOuy ‘on, Kai aim A narevOuver elvae wow Too fiers. To frog-oréxos ia rev npoypapuorions favamigeuig mpg abrh Thy xarevtuvan ee vormahe woind, Fi arb a pod pioricd ox bia med ouvrdacovra ofuepa meer va Asfouy on Bhiv rous aire rd teAting Bia Goperikd ovotxera Kal va dvmperuonioouy Tiempophensueves Boots Bvadiapopuiocs Ens wlape. Moly de eiBe 1 Shuse pene ve avaxom ‘} povowepfc évanrugn Tov heyanov Kevrpu, Tou GroBonseiral ue epiona Epya rexvnrig Empioetag Tous, veal tunonun averrugn Seveepevévres’ Reve. i Pitparrac ete ebptrcens meporis "Aon: Meraparh nepiaboe“AvartoR leo8uvelian wevrpaw (Abive, XehiBo, patos) |. Mewemorfa, Tews Boake, 2. "Epewva, 3. Bourxavie, rupiines voy pebov wal mobo, 3" Broureavie, vycevrpcen ueuovoutvay ovdduv o8 oivdera koehoqere apayarig 4. Avgjev edroparonomstvo xérpo,Blexrepaioaee\, Treticadvoqtvn mproyertG mapEYOYA, FM Aubpevog mpoowpese tpyaritos lnionds, € Nporaraontvecstva fisjowpo 680 Biewos 7 Blervo Thlestnagow, me Bwerepelonov eal Tenareudiverig Suregoyevo0s «al Sproyrveng nepeyirg Ac mpane SSrudetpes Bo Bedrepo.Srnctvpo "7 Ta vay peraparuc neplobo (8,10, 12) dp ei peragopa Ta neploaoTe pi xevTp iv Aetroupyeiy ary meplietpe Tig mS ewe Kel Tov mepisepeiaxto MeroUpYIOV fora Eapsiaxd eer tbapucyh aUvr- para Srey uy i ‘a wt mpayuareOv Epyy Bev Kodtwonios?) kal ya orabox bappoy! heowy erme-tvepyeiive mol, ta én be ‘aprouy, Bev afloneiobviat ofre Go ro0e opti ras mapaywyiis, bre guid nol {bye 10 dararémoro woIw6, T& perpa abr 8a dvaoreihouy povo MpoawpIva Thy olKe- ‘ound Bocornplorare, Big ot Kae Ox Bragqtyn avarrugn, kv 98 rhe BuaoUY pe sa mols peyanurepy Oyen, Habl Be TY Guvarérate ve. SnobOy pla. edovroeh ‘vemavépowry keraarpod4. @ugvKe 8 Te118 duxd drortizops, nod &pop8 rv pune, @2 tiv Bowen T08 dovead MeplBeh: ovtog eat iorpyom 700" Miri hapyovh tis eombetpyactage 88 ‘rayarten 4 eyarSkcign nov pepe Soran wep, bod kal Oat 8 Crp Souv Beg Suvararnves Soy tnayyeh- patos wal verging mpootipouy ol p= ‘ehoonBhaig TB fio 88 tox al yd tov Tonka tov Rlmperiaciy “EG Sooy 800 Idprow ol Buvarormes otres (h Bd ow boty Fray Baie) ala ovo Tew New Towns), Searepedowre exp Be doricovy vb vartGooutrosubxpre rou ragouv o€ optima yeyebn nokeuy He ad {abdvopy oleovonie cal nveapor} Bpa- corpse’, tvo ravroxpova Te eyEha ‘Sorma nevrpe 80 snooupbopadvra Brabuacia abrh 88 Bexokoubhon Heaps ‘teu Unde, plo Shetovopan waraveuh eosuveyoy wevrpun of Sarg Me Mepionds As ic " tmaxovouevn, aovixonoinon, x00 by Spcmou npéme vb Senueramedy Be Ty 2, PoBwericd oxétio 'ABnucv. MevaBari ‘eplobag. |. Nevemorhia, 2. “Epeova. 2. Tapeparic Hioymsavia, 4. Auouevog Bpocwpwes Epyaricés olen, 5. MpeKaraoxcvacueve fuindwiuo ébucé Bixryo, 6. Abervo rpbe-tnasiy, 7. Abrévopes woveBce nov Snpioupvodvral we hy euvéwoon rev npoaeria, EAbiow wonrnedy Emap or ‘neddaypevo ano Thy Mapsyoyh xévTp0 198 acon tna we BES Tg yop {srmeg xaromtasnapavovts Kevnporh povss, “uylavan ris neproxig ral dmrayépcuon Sopshoris. “Avrakhayh Tay CryouEvY IBroKMOLGY pe AdAes, aris ‘ies mepronts rprroyevols mapaysYis 1 rearonlag. "Hl kevrpich repo (eux) xpneworeietra: dmoxheioricd ‘and rode netade wal tEummperetat ue Square toa xvichogopias, NOU Kivodvral arhw neers ms H "ABhva 700 peMovt0s, "Anoxaréera0n 308 guowod xbpov. “Evag ebeaymros lores wmepiexein Tay néhn, “H ‘etroperonompten tpseyerie napayLe Bolonerar warprd tn Thy nokn. *H -Tye-epyaaie npayjarorodiral oy Tome THe navoucog aBtnon 700 Spi8i00 7Ov yovaBiav-coKm ‘nwa bverfov eat it He Ty Uvex Besyewon row bnapxévren mepxtvrpune fpf. TEstha yeas tnabos ya why ee nepalwan vig mapaywyig, amas To d0¢ al 6 jjnas, elvan @brvorepa wal raxiTepe fino 12 Dhikd. "Evo uopoy va dvracara orjoowy repsorieg Fxrdoeing mpayyaricd Roya, mpoogepouy cuynpews nal Suvars Tires mafpoug ebay biog” Fr eytha dervcd wévrpe ol npoonéBeits hag mpenet v8 relvouy npos ny nedeuBe: pon ToU eBsooug, xal Bx mpd iy Ka Fanon mapSevuw txrdocuy, nod mpenes va Baripndodv oav mepioxie mpaaivou, Paotwab mapdyovros yd rv émfioan Thc Ghee. TS nopro hrs 2ovied npdowve Sev Serucdiarod i) fon, obre herouyics, obre fuxohoyia. "1 doronoinen Tepa fviaw emipaveicy 8AoxGve 1 Aa Booxoieber 16 Kirke wapayer'ig of vyovou, £96 6 BBpumog xv Thy dap ‘rim tnagh pe r8-PaotK’ ovoxxeta MpOoe warohiopod You" failure of will be able fo grow until they reach the ‘optimum size ofa city independent econ- we New Towns. Small towns Siny and cultural meane, The growin Paniation of man should be met with an ie inthe number of urban units, ard not with the continuous growth of Srieting supor-centas. Non-material mo- fia in managing business and production operations, such ight oF Gound, aro ‘cheaper an taster, and ean replace the present vont and expensive instalation ‘tering atthe same Sie the sdvantage Sf total leibity. in Tage urban’ complexes, wo should Stnve to free rather than occupy new sol ‘which should be preserved in te natural ‘Sate, Parks or utban grosn spaces cannot Teplace nature, ether funcvonaly or psy : “ihe urbanisation of large imate and deprives man tation elements,‘The proposes three-. "Arh nporeivous pla yéBobo tm Peabivori Tou tneproutveu 6uESb0u, I owonkcupn yewiexpurh Enéxroon Tay dyearacraceuy 00 tproyevods Tous Slakve vol 78 7pioSwovava eouer‘pora Suyapdwoy Neroupyiave,Beronigovras Thy ‘oe Bho col ms dronsepushitva nut. “Av 4 Boj) Too oveTmuaToS Exel Suvarorrese eauplag rém\cowteryp abe SS troraxives Scag Ty GvowosSuope & Séoruby sey cYmproway Giekmepals Deuse. ey anorehovy trong Abou, Ee Boon Bev dvriperamigerat avynpoveas Kal epipepeiaxh dvanogy. ‘Avrsera, 91 MgO Teoeig auteg empenov yeyaksrepn Bie ove Siig ard peyahe eévrpa xa al8ran The Emgavtlag ous, pt reduce Anorthe: Spe tiv évoxven Ths PANBUSHAKTG roe Keecae, 119“H eticaperey woReoBouia Hi emesSicknepalwens Tig mapeyuvic Bey elva dpverh wid vo acganiooty por viva. Baines cuvEhersAerroupylac Me rndheus, "H Svsyen auvexous Bvempooep” Horfg 729 dowinod loved 82 teaxohout ‘on'¥8 cmdpxn kal 88 Abope, 8x1 me Tv Wanruby rev napayoyieay BraB cacy, ana tov Bvépure Kal 'é o¥ernua Rowe! Und Reroupyic. 7H enirexuvoylen weraBoN) 1B ovovecioy nob KaGopigeuv rev Tene Bichiwce oe bss eal § Braxuxpovie xphion rev ecw Rgumperoeiog (nod ra Avrixabiovosy av vextg reheérepa) émpadher rv bapuoyh CBeaginnay guomuaren of Shes vig Eyes faardaeig, r8o8 Tg Knplants 690 Kal TG ‘nebo. H tbapuoyt tous 84 elvan ‘ong amorekrojcriny, nai a7 oTaBio Ave: Boeing raw rokaidv méheow Fea bv wabopion® rev e850 wal Decay eraoxtullg roy oUoT@LETInY ava EHTE Ane rhv. Swvarémra eying eowophios, ‘nou pene v8 Exauv, perch ve hngdoty Oe? Sher 9) “H dvayin Bhaxiorns tneyBaocias o¥8 E- Sagas, yie ve dmorpar) A) cuacupcucn Bragepev tyxaraardocw calf dvenavop> ‘uimy BXkoinan tod xspou B) H dveyen pasccewg avo éAaxoro 129 ‘yexpav Kal BpeAluey goprioy, ya yous Sinsvowias, eivohiag avu}warise 1aV O7O" Slow te raraaxcufe xal ueiartog 100 Goptiay ove teadoc. $)'Ot rexvnas Buvarernres 00 Gmapxou W npopktnovrar vid 78 Byca0 pékhow. ‘Oi mpoumedéaeis adres 8hyneay Th ext- rau Epruya ToD ypagovros Ovi mporaar) brag tpiabidorarov ousrmjarec, Bou TS hibyeore morgors Taw oro 700 $0- pitog tpyatera of kgekruouo. Dro em- pines ueyiorn eixovople nal cbxapbla, ous Kal riv eravexpnaijoniyen, Too {opt xe raw xnav stoclawpovabiow Tou avortarog, Te avormua tripe hnlong weyatn nowiNia BiaraEcwy FOU 40> péa Ral ebeigia ov} xplion nav xGpow FE Sixriya wehusBilay OMG TaoI’ Bn oupyst Hva ouvexl love o70 xcipo, Nov fomadexeran Slog nig Eyearacréeuis 1s réhewg: Tove iBustiolg Kal. KOWSxpt croug xpove, Teds hopeTe KUWobodiay, population concentration Flexible City Planning Evan after the “tel produetion has bs an gra will ave tobe continuously adapt td fo allow for social structure mutation fand Improved sevice systems. There fore both building and infrastructure Installations should be flexi 1) make the least possible uso of tho arth surtace 2) minimise structural toads 8) take info account all existing ang antl- ipated technological advances ‘Tho abovo prerequisites led the author to-the formulation ofa three-dimensions! ‘Space systom, where most elements work In tension. A’ cable truss creates a con Unuous space grid thet *recewes” all ur- ban installations — private and pubic spaces, citevation and supply networks ‘Other advanced means (see belaw "Ap. plications") maka possible the creation iy @2) in a densely built thus offering multiple ‘social contacts and pro: Suction activities ‘The basi forthe elaboration of this struc {ural system was furnished by the suspen sion Bridges, which face similar problems, In one application (19), tho grid has. 3 span of 100 m. Its deck is 12m, wide(carried by two main trusses) and com- prices open-air and onclosed spaces. 14 levels add up to about 25 tons per main tse motor. This, according to existing bibliography, should not present any prob: lems The question of cost should of course alse be considered. For this reason sup: porting ‘structures. working in. tension Should be preferred to conventional ones ‘though the tentative estimates. available today are not sufficient, they justly re- ‘earch in this erection. The east of intr. ‘ventions in the rigid traditional urban gre Js continuously growing, and fn the Tu ‘ure It wil be prohibitive (eee Serge Ke {offs analysis in "Architecture d aujoure hui” 124/868, 0, LXVID, Similar proposals concerning three- eyouoyares tov avncyeVoY Se sleBirore weyeDos, thexicrorraman roo Opou ‘anobyecbots TANpopopIy Kel fucen onch Qvanapeyeryh 75 MAnpode: lag. GidBooy wal tnisraon vy epopHo- yaw me dno 18 1967, Team, "Bbapioym Tig emmbe-eadAte Yewags: 88hynen Gpsxpou Leow eBSume Neopascig, AYA 1966, 2 Orrinh ypague) perabooy whapopo: bia wat olan, 1366 2" Epapuoyh averhuares mleperaBoarus Too alveupvou Seyaros pe payvnteeh ta a ans "my BiBhisbhin Too" Stanford University, H.TLA. 1967, f Mpayyaronatran cucriiparog. rmie-ry Treypasiag, HVA. 1967, 2 Biomavch mapayayh Ane vy LAM. Suoxzuty mmc ueraseccus napacréoen, Bina. 1967 fs Kerasxeui tmntBoy Auxviag_mcopss Scixg nob Erpenes Thy Mpayuaromeinen Sime jeytBoug voleou, HATTA. 968, © ‘AvrocavGoraon Tv tpavsierops and ‘spuoranoug oviytslag avmBpaceuig (150 108) o& roymxavinh KAijoKa (onjavrich tcition Tov peyéfous xal YoU Kéovoug TOW Moerpovindy Unohoperay, Baxiaronoin- fy hg dvayxclagfvepyeiag heroupyiag, Te paoria raxtmng brabaciag, egumperien, Se npayneries eSporo xpovos, mersrns ‘oni pouch A eowieh ueraoon, The maqpogopiag) je cuveneia ny S1a8oy The xplionss Tov fhrcrpovieay drekoye ‘ord eal weyheg Akhayes or) Biéray roy opi épyaciag, earoiniag, xrenbeboein, ‘Eimpapcoeig kal guxayertiag, HITA. 1968 fe Keraoxeun erimédou Auxviee copa 1g Spoupewns Kal Bn6 Tig Bio wheupts, iamovia, 1968, B) «Tmre-tnapégy 19 Meco meyxdouto (eehnoioond) sm Keauvédpion pb Benipootmoug nb Bio- ee onueie rhs vis. “Anpihiog 196. Mpayperoninen yeviadig cuvededionsas Sig "Warner-Lambert ulow mhemwowe The solutions advanced by the Japanese school concerning space-structores works ing basically in compression are int ing in torme of form, possibly desirable inspec cases. Related Applications Technological advances during the past decade and their repercussions on’ the Social structure make i! possible today to apply in stages the proposed system of urban crganisation Below are listed @ few dovelopmants an ticipated by the author, whieh have i= ready been realised a) "Tele-work", “tole-processing" '* Holography, by ENN, Leiht and J. Upat- nicks; MTU, U.S.A, 105s "Teleccultiveiion": ploughing through TV scteen, England 1986, ‘Transmission of visual or printed in- formation to homes, 1966 « Tolesransmission of required materiat hrough magnetic tape, Stanford Univer- sity Library, U.S.A. 1967, «© Tole-typographiy, U.S.A. 1967 1 Mass production of machines for tele- transmission of diagrams by|.BM, U.S.A 18r, ® Flat picture tube making possible wall- Sie sereens, U.S.A. 1988, 4¢ Widespread use af electronic process- ing machines by roplacing transistors with Tmmediate-action erystals in mass- produced equipment, U.S.A. 1063 ») "“Tole-contacts” « International Church “el ‘Apa 1066, Stockholders’ meeting through T.V. Warner Lambert Co. New York—London 1986, ©) "Tele-service” ' “Tole-diagnosis™ in pathology, George Washington Hospital, U.S.A. 1965. '* Computer modes for home use, Gener- Bi Etectne, USA. 195. # Shopping through electronic networks Bell Tel. Co, USA. 1987© "Tolé-dontiication" through Drints, US.A. 1967, fo "Tele-beoking” system, BLEA., 1967. finger Toletransmission of sleciic’ power, Usa. Army, 1957 f¢ Medical "ele-checkup", U.S.A, US. S.R. 1988 ‘Electronic consumer tele-illing not- ‘hore Bell Tal. Co,, U'S.A. 1968, to "Tele-ciagnosis in surgery and Issue Of proper instructions, Boston, US.A. ‘oe. © "Tele-rouette”, Monte Carlo 1969. 4) "Tele-oducation’ Experimental. “telo educational” fom, USA. 1963 fe Experimental “lele-lectures" through felenhoniceyatem and slectrograph, USA. 1965, fe industia! production of educational fhachines, England 1966 @) Automation of tertiary industries USSR. # Selltraining of computers ‘66 ) Circulation 1¢ Use of removable laments for the con Stuction of ead networks, U.S.S.R, 1065 9) Construction 1 Solt- adjustment of glass partitions to Tht intensities, U'S.A, 1904 Arifisial daylight through space sun- mnirors, U.S.A. 1066 "Automated process (primary to torte fy) of wine production and market dist bution through piping system, France +066, ‘© Cultivation on successive artificial lev- fis; “Aero-aqriculture", Italy 1966, S hemole-contral tictors, US.A. 1066 1 Transportation of goods through piping Systems. 1987 o"Adveniced research on permanent pipe Gonneetion betwoon satelite and earth, USSR 1967 f Closed circuit purification and redist Bution of sowage, U.S.A, USSR. 1968, naked Bopupopou, Néa "Yopury AavEive ie ¥) «Tmde-dfumnpérmeny: # “Ebapyoy) ovamirow ermbeSiaywi Seuge at roueie ri nadohoviac ore Nooo” Couto George Washington, ILA. 1965 fe Keraoxeu) and vty General Electric purorimoy onodovioray ia oluaxes aebyecg, HILAL 198s epapuoyt a8 why, Bell Tel. Co. ov. Srigaros 8yopas tpapiuey peows SuxTvoU Mherrponedy Gnokoyari, HLA. 1367 (2 Tmie-motonoinan raurémres He Bate Zug! Srorimajia, HLTA. 1967 e"anwoupyia Surbau Bycons Emuepie Sei! oho rev Koyo ye wiclowo 8 Seow of taponopiate mmarig 3pHOVA ‘ano shy BEA), 1967 o"Tponoboman ue Mcerpu evepye & Snoordoewg, U.S, Army 1007, fe 'karacxeus amd tiv" Boll Tol. Co, ch Basie midepuovics auaxeuig. Grb naglva tod Matte Kipho, 1969 8) «TpdederralBeven: 1 Maipepariopee ouornuariy «mmbe-éenat Bedacaag>, KIA. 1963 # Napojanopes «mebadttcuve wow Fnlceuvou wal Meerpeyebeou (reoBoMh Biaypappdnay, oxcBiov. war), HLA. 1965. fs Tapaywyl umpavay 8iBanKaNes, “AY. Ya 1966 6) Abroparonoinen 105 tprr=yevous ropes: 2 Ebopuoyes cuermptray abrobisaoxe: hing raw brohoyordv, EEEA. 1966 123 ©) Alerua kuedopopiag + Xpyoiporaian xivnniv aronciay 08 & Bact Bictua ye Suvardrnra peratoptc wal tnavaxpmoivonoxfoeise @ ahee Tepes, EEEA 1965 1) Tontas xaraoxevaw 4 Karacxcus daha rompéray pe Bax Ge Bioneparennrag mov mpcoapustera: Ghronara erly Evraon roo fesrog, HALA, I9es, 4 "Epyacitg 1a viv mpayperoroinan re: Fomls spas wow Braompocay wars Jpav red BhaKoO GoitOs, MITA. 1966 Wierabop xpamed peo ByaYOY ne Scroaronoinpeyn, BraBoeooia, End Thy pwroyer} oviv Seutepoyeyh napay.yh Kal onjy karawioon (eikor | «Poston Profontainer) Taddia 1966 «= Tpaycroroinon wakhepyeia ot ena) Saka towne ErineBo. «Atponovie» Tob ‘Aldo Lungo, Mesoyeiaxe."YEponovted Kévspo, “rakio 1966 fe Karaoxeuh ane ry Ford syhexareue Suvouewon spaerep, HLA. 1966 fs Herabop’ mosteriay dow dy (J Foa rov TP, Nov. al ouyxpoves 6 Bouladon, Fevcin). 1967 oH npayueronaiqan uvbéocus Bopub- pou (of rpoxsa longepwo0) ai vis ut Ka Bubtoiyuoye elatpmerar ovo ovabie epee D. Artoutanoy, ELEA. 1367, 2 priya suaTfpatog RAeiorOD KURAG flarog tmeZepyaoiag eal Enavabiosearig Geatgeruv o8érav (A, Spielhaus roo MU. Min), HAIL. 1967, 12 Npayparonainen 108 ouewyarog «cher Srod xuwaauarag mapoxcreugeus byPOND Sr Staorquomiora reo mpcypayparos «A> ‘mokNve, HLTA. 1968 2s. Tuner) 339. Keroedpufor aSpéyom uvBeouv ra Bidgopa trineta. we Etomua xaraoxeufg 8 18 mpSra terabia. 8: muh oxApuvon Too iBagous 2. Partial view. Vertical “streets” connect the verlous levels 2. Structural system to be used during the first stages. 28124 7. H xarzexeun mposbépesdpxerh Braavera 2 ‘On and 76 tates Fo Mapodayi arate 20. (0 medeaboyueds xpos 1h vista. z TS yove ereixeta neo epyazovras ot ahipn elvan of nudGveG, nos ovo Tpctiorere ovoTua tuWhopopiag thorehady rolls karaxSpubous Spsiious 2. Tuvonaptn drabepuy nepiobuy roo foment Doss At rposeprs Sonernutve S80 Bieruo vid Thy meploBo oll airoximrou 2 Bibrebn Sueruoyares Onoboxns vie beyeirepa Svat yore w 1 iords perarptnerat ot gopés Eneipuw Evadhaasopivioy xpmaeey heyain coehigia emmy epyevuren fou xupou x Evorue pe ovpiquore éré remrapeve Bipa, nod repihanBavouv the bykaracréccig Onodouns. F45 kévrps, Hoag Toned marenepupes Opopos 36 “Eravadngn 100 pdoveo Ag. yg oro Amirepo wlAkow EZ The structure provides sufficient transparency. By View from ground level. 2. Alternative layout, 2. The urban scenery at night F ‘The only elements working in compression are the pylons, whose foe in the theee-dimensicnal Elrculation systom fe that of vertical 2 Co-oristonco of various “periods” of the urban grid. Atorporaty suspended network, corresponding to the period of the automobile Layout of orid to accommodate larger = ‘The grid becomes a supper fr infinite aiternate uses, with greet Hexibilty in the organisation of space, %. System with layers of al cushions Containing supply networks, Inthe conte, 5. Creation of succassive “earth-surfaces’ Inthe distant future, Tim mone types ty Seen ak ere ines125