ea= lk/kuk dSl\s 2

eqfu ;'koUrdqekj
ea= lk/kuk izkjEHk djus ds lkFk ,d vge iz'u lkeus jgrk gs fd
ea=&lk/kuk lQy gksxh ;k ugha\ lk/kuk dh lQyrk&vlQyrk esa vusd igyw
dke djrs gSaA os igyw dkSu&dkSu ls gSa\ tSl&
s ea= lk/kuk dk izkjaHk fdl fnu\
fdl le;\ fdl eqgqkZ esa izkjEHk fd;k x;k gS\ ea=&lk/kuk izkjaHk djus esa 'kqHk
fnu] 'kqHk eqgqkZ vkfn dk fo'ks"k izHkko iM+rk gSA vr% bu lc ckrksa dk /;ku vo';
j[k ysuk pkfg,A bu lc ckrksa dk fu'p; dj ysus ds ckn lk/kuk izkjaHk djus dh
iwoZ jkf= esa ^LoIu ea=* }kjk ;g tku ysuk pkfg;s fd LoIu dh lEiUurk fufoZ?u
:i ls lEiUu gksxh ;k ughaA ea= eqgqkZ ,oa LoIu ea= vkfn lkekU; tkudkjh fuEu
izdkj gS &
fof'k"V fnu &
ea= lk/kuk ds fy;s dqN fof'k"V fnu gS] ftlesa lk/kuk izkjaHk dk fo'ks"k
ego gSA os fnu fuEu gS&
nhikoyh] gksyh] uojkf=] lw;Zxzg.k] pUnzxzg.k] jfo iq";] xq# iq";] lakafUr
fnol o"kZ esa ckjg lakfUr;ka gksrh gS blds vfrfj ea= lk/kuk ds fy;s ea= fof/k
esa dksbZ fo'ks"k fnu fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gksA
ea= lk/kuk esa eqgqkZ &
ea= lk/kuk esa fo'ks"k fnuksa ds vfrfj 'kqHk eqgqkZ Hkh fo'ks"k Qynk;h gksrk gSA
frfFk] u{k=] okj vkfn ds vk/kkj ij dbZ fo'ks"k ;ksxksa dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA tSls
flf) ;ksx] vkuan ;ksx] ve`r flf) ;ksx] jfo;ksx bR;kfnA bu fo'ks"k ;ksxksa esa 'kqHk
yXu] 'kqHk okj] 'kqHk frfFk] u{k=] pkS?kfM+;]s pUnzcy vkfn dh 'kqHkrk Hkh ea=&flf) esa
lgk;d gksrh gSA ea=&lk/kuk esa mi;ksxh fo'ks"k frfFk] okjkfn fuEu izdkj gSa %&
'kqHk frfFk %&
f}rh;k] r`rh;k] iapeh] lIreh] n'keh] ,dkn'kh] =~;ksn'kh] nksuksa i{kksa dh]
iwf.kZekA
'kqHk okj %&
jfookj] lkseokj] cq/kokj] xq#okj] 'kqokjA
'kqHk u{k= %&
1

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'kqHk pkS?kfM+;s %&
'kqHk] ykHk vkSj ve`rA
'kqHk yXu %&
yXu esa fLFkj yXu dks Js"B ekuk tkrk gSA fLFkj yXu gS& o`"kHk] flag]
o`f'pd] dqaHkA
fn'kk%&
iwoZ] mkj] bZ'kku dks.k iwoZ&mkj ds e/;
ea= lk/kuk esa pUnzcy %&
ea= lk/kuk esa pUnzcy egoiw.kZ LFkku j[krk gSA pUnz eu dk dkj.k gSA
vr% pUnzek gh ekufld mBy&iqBy o ,dkxzrk dk dkj.k curk gSA lk/kuk esa
,dkxzrk cuh jgs vr% iw.kZ o cyh pUnzek esa gh lk/kuk izkjEHk djuh pkfg;s rFkk
lkFk gh tUe jkf'k ls prqFkZ] v"Ve] }kn'k rFkk ?kkrh pUnzek dk otZu djds gh
lk/kuk dk 'kqHkjEHk Js;Ldj gksrk gSA
ekl] frfFk] okj ,oa okjkuqlkj Qy %&
ea= lk/kuk izkjEHk djus dh frfFk] okj] ekl vkfn dk Hkh izHkko vyx&vyx
<ax ls iM+rk gSA vr% ftl dk;Z ds fy; lk/kuk dh tk jgh gSA mlds vuq:i fnu
dk p;u djuk vf/kd ykHknk;d lkfcr gks ldrk gSA fnu dk p;u djrs le;
izeq[k :i ls bl ckr dk Hkh /;ku j[k ysuk pkfg;s fd blls ftl ea= dh lk/kuk
dh tk jgh gS ml ea= dh fof/k esa dksbZ ck/kk ugha vk jgh gSA ekl] frfFk ,oa
okjkuqlkj izkjEHk fd;s tk jgs ea=ksa ds Qy %&
ekl ds vuqlkj Qy %&
pS= ekl esa
oS'kk[k ]]
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Jko.k ]]
Hkknzin ]]
vkf'ou ]]
dkfrZd ]]
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izkjEHk
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loZ iq:"kkFkZ flf)

jRu ykHk
ej.k
cU/kquk'k
jRuykHk
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'kqHk
ea=flf)
ea=flf)
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es/kk@ cqf) o`f)
loZdk;Z flf)

frfFk ds vuqlkj Qy %&

izfrink ls ti izkjEHk
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djus ls
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cqf) gkfu
cqf) fodkl
'kqf)
vkfFkZd gkfu
Kku o`f)
Kku uk'k
lkSHkkX; o`f)
cqf) {k;
'kjhj gkfu
jkT; dh lQyrk
'kq)rk
loZdk;Z gkfu
loZdk;Z flf)
fr;Zap;ksfu
flf) ugha
flf) gksrh gSA

okj ds vuqlkj ea= ti dk izkjEHk %&

jfookj dks ea= ti izkjEHk djus ls
lkseokj ]] ]] ]]
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/kuykHk
'kkfUr
vk;q"; {k;
lkSUn;Zo`f)] 'kqHk
Kkuo`f)
lkSHkkX;o/kZd
oa'kgkfu

mijks Qy lkekU; :i ls le>dj ftl ea= dh lk/kuk izkjEHk dj jgs gS

mlesa fn;s x;s frfFk] okj ,oa ekl vkfn dk iz;ksx djuk T;knk mfpr jgrk gSA
;fn fdlh ea= dh fof/k oxSjg izkIr u gks rks buesa ls 'kqHk] frfFk] okj] ekl vkfn
dk p;u djuk pkfg;sA
ea= la[;k ,oa le;kof/k %&
ea= ti fdruh la[;k esa djuk gS ;g fu/kkZfjr dj ysuk pkfg;sA tSls
12500] 42000] lokyk[k] lok djksM+ bR;kfnA fu/kkZfjr ti la[;k dks fdrus fnuksa
esa iwjk djuk gSA tSls 21 fnu esa esa lokyk[k dk tki djuk gS rks izfrfnu 6000
vFkkZr~ 60 ekyk Qsjus ls 21 fnu esa 1]26]000 dk tki gks tk;sxkA ;k vfUre fnu

50 ekyk Qsjus ls iwjk 1]25]000 dk tki gks tk;sxkA ekyk ds ea= la[;k fxurs
le; 108 eudksa dh la[;k dks 100 gh fxuuk gS] vkB euds NksM+ nsus pkfg;s ,slk
ea= 'kkL=ksa esa fo/kku vkrk gSA
izk;% ea= fof/k esa ti la[;k ,oa le;kof/k fu/kkZfjr jgrh gSA mlh vuq:i
gh ti&la[;k ,oa le;kof/k dks fuf'pr j[kuk pkfg;s vFkok xq# }kjk funsZ'kkuqlkj
djuk pkfg;sA
ea= lk/kuk esa fn'kk %&
ea= lk/kuk djrs le; ,d fn'kk fu/kkZfjr dj mlh fn'kk esa gh ti djuk
pkfg;sA ckj&ckj fn'kk ifjorZu ugha djuh pkfg;sA 'kqHk dk;ksZ ds fy;s iwoZ fn'kk]
mkj fn'kk] ;k iwoksZkj fn'kk bZ'kku dks.k Js"B jgrh gSA buesa ls fdlh ,d fn'kk
dk fu/kkZj.k dj ysuk pkfg;sA ;fn ea= fof/k esa dksbZ fuf'pr fn'kk nh gks rks mlh
vuq:i fn'kk dk fu/kkZj.k djuk pkfg;sA xzg nks"k fuokj.k ea= lk/kuk esa xzgksa ds
Lokeh dh fn'kkuqlkj ti djuk Js"B jgrk gSA
vklu %&
ea= lk/kuk djrs le; tehu ij] iRFkj ;k f'kyk ij vklu fcNk;s fcuk
ti ugha djuk pkfg;sA ti djrs le; ydM+h ds is ij ;k uhps tehu ij uh
oL= ;k dEcy fcNkdj ml ij cSBdj gh ti djuk pkfg;sA
ea= fo'kkjnksa dh ekU;rk gS fd1 & ckal dk vklu O;kf/k o nfjnzrk nsrk gS]
iRFkj dk vklu chekjh nsrk gS] /kjrh dk vklu nq%[kkuqHko djkrk gS] dk"B dk
vklu nqHkkZX; ykrk gSA frudks dk vklu ;'k uk'k djrk gS] ikksa dk vklu fpk
fo{ksi djkrk gSA
vr% ti djrs le; uh oL= ;k dEcy fcNk dj gh ti djuk pkfg;sA
blls Kku] flf) ,oa lkSHkkX; o`f) gksrh gS rFkk i`Foh ds xq:Rokd"kZ.k 'kf tkZ
dh j{kk Hkh gks tkrh gSA
LoIu %&
ea=&flf) esa LoIuksa dk viuk ,d fof'k"V LFkku gS ftl fnu ea= flf) dk
vH;kl djuk gks mldh izFke jkf= esa funzk ysus ls iwoZ ^^ gzha vgZa la la Na Na oa
oa Dyha ue%** bl ea= dk ukS ckj mPpkj.k dj lks tk;saA jkf= ds nks cts ds
vuUrj gjk&Hkjk cxhpk] Qy] iq"i] lqgkfxu] iq"iekyk,a] xksoa'k] gkFkh] 'ksj ,oa Jhth
dk vfHk"ksd & iqtu LoIu esa ns[kus ij ^^eU= dh fjf) flf) fufoZ?u :i ls
lEiUu gksxh ,slk le>dj lk/kuk izkjEHk djsAa
ea= lk/kuk dk fnu] le;] eqgqkZ] pUnzcy vkfn dk lE;d~ izdkj ls fu/kkZj.k
djus ds i'pkr~ LoIu ea= ls lk/kuk dh lEiUurk fufoZ?u :i ls gksxhA ;g
tkudj 'kqHk eqgqkZ esa vuqdwy ea= dh fof/k vuqlkj ti djus ls fuf'pr gh ea=
fl) gks tkrk gSA
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dj.khnku lsfB;k] ea=fo|k] izFke laLdj.k 2033] i`-12