Divorce

History/Intro
The elevation in the occurrences of separation in marriage is the most seen thing in the
recent time of the family trends. This is interpreted as a symptom of decline in the society
and morality with the ability to affect the family system and the bases of social life.
Separation is one of biggest life changes (Ghler, 1998) and this may lead to big anxiety
and sometimes may lead to happiness and chance to improve personality. This is a fact
that the divorce and the family separation is much focused by the social exerts.
Separation laws have been altered in the previous century and in the start of the 2000.
Separation was not allowed in some part of west until now as Italy gave legislation for
divorce in 1974, Ireland in 1997, Spain in 1981, and Malta in 2011 and in some countries
it is very hard to get a divorce. Many times, divorce is allowed in some serious situations
like violence, abuse, medical condition and adultery etc. this can also be taken if both
spouse want (Hrknen & Dronkers, 2006. However in this case even the whole process
is quite complicated1.
Increased problems in the marriages and better approach to the separation are also seen
throughout the history and cultures. However, the present trends of divorce in the Europe
and America have different characteristics as compared to the trends of history. This
change in the divorce scenario has been visible from the past 200 years and this has
invented a central concept that marriage must be dependent on love from both sides.
Hence, the modern marriages are weak because of this idea that also has increased the
importance of marriage in all the family commitments. The simplest reasons of the
divorce can be because of many issues and can be different with mental issues or both the
husband and wife might be facing the economy burden and problem in the society.
However, on big scale, the part of the separation in the advanced couture and its more
prevalence results from the same complicated reasons that have turned marriage to be the
main reason of persons happiness than that in the past time and the marriage break is too
much difficult to deal with than in the past2.
Divorce is the legal separation from the marriage. Divorce shows that the real family is
failed and cannot stand as one. If the marriage is not working then the separation is the
result of this whole miscommunication and discontent. These issues might have been
progressing from a long time. In the old Roman Republic, merely a statement of the
divorce could be enough to get separation from the spouse. During the ruling of the
Augustus who founded the Roman Empire, legislation was approved that needed seven
witnesses to the statement of divorce. Later the four countries passed the legislation that
1
http://www.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.133184.1366922030!/menu/standard/file/WP_
2013_3.pdf
2 http://firstsearch.oclc.org/ECOPDFS/BLACKWLL/A0147370/FAMP_188.PDF

not a simple statement is required hut it needs much formal piece of paper to get consent
of people to get separation in the marriage that was also signed by the wetness.

Statistics
The increasing separation occurrences that also have surprised the people and there is still
many people who go for informal separation than the official divorce. At the start of 20th
century, the rate was just 7% in the America while in Europe many countries had the
divorce rate of 2%. Hence, this is seen that why people in the 1800 saw that martial
stability and couldnt see the changes of the idea of love that was basis of marriage3.this
rough separation occurrence depict the total rate of divorce in thousand people of
population. This is not an accurate estimate of the marital separation and it doesnt really
shows how many people get divorce at the end (Preston & McDonald, 1979; Schoen &
Canudas-Romo, 2006). 4
The proportion divorced or separated is higher in progressed countries than in
progressing countries.
Regarding the data from the early 21st century the number of females form 35-039 age
that are separated was 11% in the progressed countries and 2% in the progressing
countries. The males form the same age group, 9% in the progressed and 2% in the
progressing countries were have been separation. In progressed countries, the number of
separation of females is higher than the males of every age bracket over 24. Moreover, on
global scale, the number of adults from 35-39 ages has taken double the divorces and the
number increased from 2% to % in progressing counties in the start of 21st century5.
In progressed countries remarriage after divorce is prevalent.
Regarding the information from the fifteen OCED countries, in 2006 to 2008 from 20 to
28% of the legal marriages were people remarrying. Moreover, from 1970 to 2008 there
were more remarriages than the first marriages while the overall, net marriages declined
in these countries. Further, the number of females and males having multiple marriages in
their life increased especially in the progressed countries where divorce is quite prevalent
for past many years6.
3 http://firstsearch.oclc.org/ECOPDFS/BLACKWLL/A0147370/FAMP_188.PDF
4
http://www.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.133184.1366922030!/menu/standard/file/WP_
2013_3.pdf
5
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/popfacts/
PopFacts_2011-1.pdf

In OECD countries, the mean duration of marriage among population who divorce
has stayed consistent between 1980 and 2008.
From 2006 to 2008 the normal period of marriage at the time of separation in the OCED
countries has been from 10 to 17 year7. The rate of separation is much more in all the
countries at the start of the 21st century than right after the world war. Still many different
pattern of cultures are there.

The America has been the highest divorce number country while the separation was not
allowed in Spain till 1981. From 1960s the occurrences of divorce increased in a lot
countries however, the number declined over time. In countries like Turkey and Spain the
elevation started after that. In Japan, the separation was much prevalent at the start of the
1900 than at the middle of the century (Goode, 1963). 8
The causes of the separation were many and contrasting from those in history bas the
causes for marriage were various. For many centuries, the marriage was not seen a a
commitment for mutual benefits. The population married for getting good in-laws, better
business deals and to increase their wealth. They also married to get better society, for
army helps and to increase the workforce in the family9. Legalization of the separation
didnt lead to temporary increase in the separation.
Results
Separation can give a significant economical impact, particularly for females (DiPrete
and McManus, 2000; McManus & DiPrete, 2001; Uunk, 2004). Financial dependence in
the earlier marriages had much financial concerns at the time of divorce (McManus &
DiPrete, 2001). However, welfare companies are there that gives financial help and job to
the separated mothers that handle the financial concerns and impacts of the family
separation (DiPrete & McManus, 2000; Uunk, 2004).
Despite the variation in the economic consequences of divorce, it is among the main life
events that can lead to poverty (Callens & Croux, 2009). There is also a consequence that
6 Prioux, F. (2006) Cohabitation, marriage and separation: Contrasts in Europe. Population and
Societies, No. 422.

7 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2010). OECD Family Database.
Social Policy Division, Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs
(http://www.oecd.org/els/social/family/ database).

8
http://www.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.133184.1366922030!/menu/standard/file/WP_
2013_3.pdf
9 http://firstsearch.oclc.org/ECOPDFS/BLACKWLL/A0147370/FAMP_188.PDF

is the impact of divorce on the life of children. A good research conclusion suggest that
children whose parents got divorce are more likely to divorce as they may have this
tendency that they cannot work with the marital expectations and hence they may take
divorce as a solution to the marital issues (Wolfinger, 2005; Dronkers & Hrknen,
2008). 10
Separation of parents may be linked with bad results and bad impacting factors in earlier
years of life that can affect the life in later stages as well. Children from the broken
families are more prone to face financial problems and educational difficulties and also
may face trouble in marriages themselves. Also the emotional issues that are linked with
the separation may elevate in the earlier adult life8.Comprehending the consequences of
these types and the way by which the separation affects the society and the attitudes, have
very much importance11.

The divorce of the parents is linked with the problems in the education and people may
get bad academic progress and may result in leaving the schools and may have different
social attitudes i.e. not getting along with the author ties, getting in bullying, stealing a dn
involvement in drug use. The children and the adults who face the separation of their
parents also have high anxiety levels, physiological trouble and low self-respect.
Recommendations/Concluding remarks
Marriage as a link of two people is given more importance and it has many expectations
involving emotions than in past times. However, the marriage bond is now less strong
than it was in history. This relationship is not the one that controls the sexual attitudes,
political authorities and other economical aspects. The number of separation has been
increased in the west and it has increased drastically in the last few years and the pattern
are the main drivers of change in the family structure. However, these changes are not the
same and have taken place at several times in history in various counties moreover, the
number of separations have become consistent and is even decline in the past few years.
Divorce is an important link in the family structure and is a potential by which a spouse
can think independently after the marriage. However, the separation at present times can
also lead to anxiety and affect a persons life along with the children. This trend of
separation can affect a lot on the observations and the attitude of people 12
Further readings
10 http://firstsearch.oclc.org/ECOPDFS/BLACKWLL/A0147370/FAMP_188.PDF
11 Cherlin AJ, Chase-Lansdale PL, McRae C. Effects of parental divorce on mental health
throughout the life course. American Sociological Review 1998;63:239-249.

12 http://firstsearch.oclc.org/ECOPDFS/BLACKWLL/A0147370/FAMP_188.PDF

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