DETAILED PROJECT REPORT aprosecton GREENERGY POWER (I) PVT Ltd Submitted to: Prof. D. Shreenivasachary Submitted by: Nikhlesh Jindal-10BSPHH010968 Ankit Grover-I0BSPHH010099 ‘Anuj Grover-10BSPHH010134 Nitika Thakus-10BSPHHO10491 Nabarun Saha-10BSPHH010428EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. PROJECT AT A GLANCI SECTIO INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT. PROJECT DESCRIPTION., SECTION ..3 DEMAND ANALYSIS AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECI SECTION ‘TECHNICAL FEATURE & EQUIPMENTS OF THE PLANT, SECTION: _ UIPMENT, SECTION - 6 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE, SECTION. 7 SWOT ANALYSIS. ccnsiiiinninninnnninnninnnininiiiiiiiisnniinsT SECTION- 8 PLANT LAYOUT & PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.. SECTION-9 ESTIMATED rRomecr cosr. ESTIMATED POWER GENERATION COST.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ‘The Electricity Act, 2003, paves way for an innovative approach to solve our ‘country’s power problems. It has paved the way for a competitive environment; ‘open access to existing transmission and distribution network to transmit electricity across regions; delicensing of generation, captive power and dedicative transmission lines; licensing of distribution and supply companies and the restructuring of State Electricity Boards ‘The Ministry of Power have a mandate to promote cogeneration and renewable sources for Power generation under Nodal agencies and hence it will play a major role in mainstreaming renewable energy sector. The advantage or renewable resources includes their capacity to produce energy without producing carbon- based warming and polluting agents into the atmosphere. The financial cost of its applications is not always cheap but if the environmental costs of using fossil are accounted for, renewable energy wins hands-down. There are also indirect savings on health and its costs as there are no harmful emissions. In the above backdrop, Sahil Energy Pvt. Lid., has decided to set up a SMW Solar Power Plant. This Detailed Project Report (DPR) brings out ail technical details and overall costs justifying the selection of the project. The total power generation is envisaged to be SMW from Solar Photovoltaic Cell. It is @ very important document that is required for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies, fixation of tariff, finalizing Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) and also for submission to Financial Institutions for obtaining project funding. The total project cost is expected to be Rs 85 Crores and the average cost of generation is expected to be Rs.12.86 /kWh,PROJECT AT A GLANCE GENERAL The Project SMW Solar PV Grid Connected Power Project ‘Owner ‘SAHIL ENERGY Location of Piant ‘ANANTAPUR DIST. Location Kadi stance from District Headquarter ‘Acoess by Road ‘Chennai Mumbai National highway ‘Access by Rail Kadiri Railway station ‘Aacess by Air ‘Satya Sal Airport Anantpura Telecommunications Telecommunication faciily available Tand itis proposed to install SMW on the Tand, admeasuring about ... is already demarcated ‘Acre, which Land Characteristics Barren Land ‘Non Agricultural Land ‘The Geographical location of the project site TEA and 15-15" Northern Latiude and 76°50" and 78°30 Eastern Longtode Irradiation details considered Kadir, Anantpur(Dist) “Type of Module Mounting Structure Fixed Structures, Earth Mounted ‘Type of PV Modules Considered for the offer Crystaling Proposed Capacity Sp Capacity of each PV Module 200 Wp. Tnvertors Capacity 100 KVA x 50 Nos. Projected Energy Production per year 3 MU(Assured) 31PageTotal Project Cost Fs80,0R 41PageINTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT slINTRODUCTION ‘World Economic growth is driven by energy, whether in the form of finite resources ‘such as coal, oll and gas or in renewable forms such as hydroelectric, wind, solar and biomass or its converted form. This energy generation and consumption strengthens the nation's industries, vehicles, homes and offices. It also has significant impact on the quality of the country’s air, water, land and forest resources. For future growth to be both rapid and sustainable, it needs to be as resource efficient and environmentally benign as possible. GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY & IMPORTANCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY ‘The growth in installed power generating capacity has not kept pace with the projected demand. To solve this problem, it is necessary to set up more power plants and most of these power plants will be either fossil fuel based or hydro electric units. However, the conventional power stations cause enormous damage to be environment due to pollution and other side effects. Renewable energy sources eneray source are wondertul options because they are limitless. These will not be exhausted though fossil fuel will be gradually exhausted in course of time. Also another great benefit from using renewable energy is that most of these sources do not pollute the environment; the way burning of fossil fuels dose. ‘SOURCE OF GREENHOUSE GAS ‘The greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) come primarily trom the combustion of fossil fuols in energy use. Energy use is largely driven by economic growth with short term fluctuations in its growth rate created by weather patterns affecting heating and cooling needs, as well as changes in the fuel used in electricity generation. ‘The burning of fossil fuels produces around 21.3 billion tones of Carbon Dioxide per year, but itis estimated that natural processes can only absorb about haif of that ‘amount, so there is a net increase of 10.65 billion tones of atmospheric carbon dioxide per year. Carbon dioxide is one of the GHG that enhances radioactive forcing and contributes to global warming, causing the average surface temperature of the earth to rise. Environment scientists predict that this will cause major adverse ctfects, including reduced biodiversity‘The electricity sector is unique among industrial sectors in its very large contribution to omissions associated with nearly all air issues. Electricity generation produces a large share of nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide emissions, which contribute to ‘smog and acid rain and the formation of fine particulate matter in addition to carbon dioxide. In addition, this sector has significant impacts on water and habitat and species. In particular, hydro dams and transmission lines have significant effects on water and biodiversity WORLD ENERGY SCENARIO It was estimated that in 2005, 86% of primary energy production in the world came from burning fossil fuels, with the remaining non-fossil sources being hydroelectric 6.3%, nuclear 6.0%, and renewable energy sources, i.e. geothermal, solar, wind, biomass and wastes contributed only 0.9%. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT Large mult-megawatt PV plants, approximately to 50 MW, are now in operation in the world, Solar Photovoltaic (PV) is known to be an important energy source for developing countries like India. Its importance is now being reatfirmed even by developed countries in view of its renewable and environment friendly character. In our country also, optimum utilization of solar energy could not only lead to savings in conventional energy but also result in many indirect benefits. In India 2MW solar PV now are commercially operated by independent power producer. But till now solar technology is expensive compared to other technology and significant financial ‘assistance from government is needed to the developers and operators of new plants, In view of this, the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Sources has been promoting electricity generation from Solar PV in Mega-Watt level. These projects ate covered under the Grid Interactive Solar PV Power Generation Projects of Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Sources, Govt. of India. The Ministry initiated the programme to establish as a viable and environment friendly electricity generation option.BARRIERS IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT ‘The project has been identified with some barriers as mentioned below: (a) Higher capital cost - The initial capital investment of the project is so high compared to other conventional power Project, so per MW cost is high. Low Capacity Utilization factor — the total unit generation is low compared to other electricity generation system, because maximum of 6 hours In a day plant gets the solar light and generates the power. ‘The project being first of its kind in the state, thee could be more risks and barriers which might surface as the project progresses and it is dificult to enumerate all at this stage. BENEFITS OF GRID CONNECTED SOLAR PV POWER PLANT (@) Power from the sun is clean, silent, limitless and free Photovoltaic process releases no C02, $02 or NO2 gases which are normally associated with burning finite fossil fuel reserves and don't contribute to global warming. Photovoltaics are now a proven technology which is inherently safe as ‘opposed to other fossil fuel based electricity generating technologies. No fuel is required for generation, so fuel cost of power generation is zero. Solar power shall augment the needs of peak power needs Increase the grid reliability ie., voltage and frequency Solar Powered Grid Connect Plants can act as tail end energizers, which in tum reduces the transmission and distribution losses. Provides a potential revenue source in a diverse energy portfolio Assists in mesting renewable portfolio standards goals Generation of electricity from Solar PV is totally free of Green House Gas emission,SECTION - 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTIONINTRODUCTION ‘The proposed SMWp solar power plant project will generate electricity from non-conventional sources. The project will use “polycrystalline” technology for the first time in the state for producing power by solar energy. This project envisages generation of safe, reliable electricity in an environmentally friendly way. BRIEF DETAILS OF PROJECT AREA Kagiri is a taluka under Anantpura District situate in Andhrapradesh Proposed Solar Power Plant is situated in Kadari Land area of power plantSECTION - 3 DEMAND ANALYSIS AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT iPINTRODUCTION It is well know fact that electricity is the most essential input for growth and development of any state. Andhra pradesh is planning to go rapidly in both the industrial and agricultural sectors and consequently the demand for power is on the rise, However, despite Andhrapradesh possessing immense potential of power ranging from Coal to natural gas not taken place on a scale commensurate with the possibilities. As a result there exists a big gap between conventional and Non- conventional power generation for power in the State. ‘SOLAR POWER POTENTIAL IN INDIA India is endowed with rich solar energy resource. The average intensity of solar radiation received in India is 200 MWkm square (megawatt per Kilometer square), ‘but the amount of solar energy produced in India is merely 0.5% compared to other energy resources till date India just have 2.12 megawatts of grid-connect solar generation capacity. As part of the National Solar Mission, the ministry aims to booster the annual photovoltaic production to at least 1,000 megawatts a year by 2017. With an installed capacity of 123 GW, the country currently faces energy shortage of 8 percent and a peak demand shortage of 11.6 percent, In order to sustain a growth rate of 8 percent, itis ‘estimated that the power generation capacity in India would have to increase to 306 GW in the next ten years which is 2.5 times current levels.BIPageSECTION - 4 TECHNICAL FEATURE & EQUIPMENTS OF THE PLANT 141PBASIC SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Solar Photovoltaic power generator consists of solar modules in series and parallel connections, these convert solar radiations into DC electrical power at the pre-determined range of Voltages whenever sufficient solar radiation is available. The individual crystalline solar colls are connected together in a module (in series connection), which are hermetically sealed to survive in rugged ‘weather conditions and ensures optimum performance during its ling life In order to achieve a higher system voltage, modules are installed in a row arrangement, called a string. A higher system voltage has the advantage of lesser installation work, higher efficiency of the entire plant and usage of smaller ‘cross section cables. Calculated no. of strings is connected in parallel by cables in Junction Boxes. These junction boxes not only act as a junction point but also monitor each string output which will be fed to the central monitoring and analysis system. Outputs from many such junction boxes are connected in parallel in the Main Combiner Box (MCB). This Main Combiner Box output is fed to the central inverters/Power Control Unit (CU) to invert solar generated DC. power in to conventional 3 phase AC power. Central inverter or PCU operate on MPPT (Maximum power point tracking) mode to ensure maximum output from the solar generators at different ambient conditions. Central inverters use higher system voltages to reach very high plant efficiency. Furthermore, installations can be expanded with additions of more modules without problems. AG power from inverters will be fed to LV panel which in turn will be stepped up through transformer. Power at 11kv/22Kv will be transmitted by overhead transmission line to grid.SECTION-5 POWER PLANT CONFIGURATION AND SPECIFICATIONS OF MAIN PLANT EQUIPMENT 161P‘The capacity of the Proposed Solar Power Plant has been fixed at 1 MWp.x '5Nos. The principle factors considered for designing and selection of proposed plant are local solar radiations, ambient conditions and electrical load characteristics of major system namely the array and power conditioning unit. Moreover, the proposed plant is situated at remote village location, so maximum Use of local materials available on site for construction and to retain or preserve the original appearance of the sire and the environment are considered ITEM. PV arrays 0 Nos Modules inva string 18 Nos String in a array 28Nos Inverters BOX 100 KVA Transformer Nos ‘SPECIFICATION OF MAIN PLANT. ‘SOLAR PV MODULE TEM ‘Ouiput Power-Pmax (Wait) 200 Wp Voltage at maximum power-Vmp (Volts) | 26.60 V ‘Current at maximum power-imp (Amps) | 7.02 ‘Open circuit voltage — Voe (Vols) 36 Short circuit eurrent-Ise (Amps) 7.55 Type of solar PV cal Poly Crystalline Dimensions T6TSNM x TOO2MINT weight 23.50K9SOLAR INVERTER TEM ‘Nominal Voltage (Output Frequency Continuous rating ‘Max DC link Voltage Range MPPT Range 730/400 volts three phase, 4 Wire, grid tracking Nominal voltage can be adjusted by + 10% via system stepoints ‘S0Hz + 0.5% inverter to follow grid frequency up to +3Hz of the nominal output frequency during normal operation 100 kw at unity power factor 800 volts DC 397 to 585 Volts DC Control Type Voltage source, microprocessor assisted output regulation Waveform THD Efficiency Internal protection system {using electronic detection) PWM for low THD, sine wave output Less than 3 % Up to 94% Internal continuous overload protection inverter peak current (short circuit) protection Heatsink over temperature protection ‘overlunder grid voltage ACAlarm Signals Front panel display (LCD) voltage protection overiunder arid frequency protection Antiislanding protection Via system fault relay (voltage free contact) LCD panel with membrane keypad displaying the following inverter per phase voltage, current, KW, KVA and frequency Grid voltage and frequency inverter (grid ) on line status PV panel voltage Solar charge current and ambient —_ temperature individual power stage heat sink and cabinet temperature solar radiation (optional ) Inverter Import & export kWh summation solar kWh summation system stepoints and event logs Front Panel Controls (via keypad) Front Panel Indicators Circuit Breakers RFI Auto mode selection Grid connect Inverter Test Mode selection System off Mode selection Fault Reset, Inverter On line control power supply OK system Fault ACB /MCCB. Design to minimize both conducted and radiated RFI emissionsEarthing Provisions ‘AC bypassing to earth on inverter and DC inputs ‘Operating Temperature Range Humidity Enclosure ‘Computer port ‘Computer Access ‘System feature 5-50 degrees Calsius 0-90% non condensing Rate for IP30 Isolated RS232 port. Provision for Mod bus protocol. WiFi, LAN protocol The system includes 2 local access port as well as a telecommunication dialup facility Incorporating elther a standard PTSN modem or GSM modem for remote access. SCADA package will be windows based OPS- Coms. Adjustable logging repetition from 1 sec to 900 seconds Storage capacity of up to 3 year with 10 min logs Time and date stamped log entries Time and Date annotated fault log, holding the fault description and operating statistics View and change system stapoint configurations remotely Bulk log download for data importation into a spreadsheet where applicable.Logging Attributes 415V PCC x 125 Nos A summary of the data logging abilities supply with the control system for instantaneous viewing ‘and periodic logging are listed below: System summations inverter Import and export kWh Solar Parameters Inverter volts, amps, KW, KVA, frequency Grid volts and frequency Solar panel_temp. TEM Ambient_temperature PV_panel TECHNICAL PARAMETERS System particulars Rated voltage and phases Frequency voltage Solar charge current Heat sink & cabinet temperatures solar Sd BNE PARAM extemal aémeter optional) rarcgnater option 5 PyeMaximum system voltage ‘One minute power frequency withstand voltage (a) Power circuit (©) Control circuit Continuous current rating of busbars (@ Pc 20008 ‘Short circuit withstand (a) Pec 50 KAM sec. Reference ambient 50°C max. Max temp of busbars at rated current 90°C CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ‘Sheet steel thickness Frames 2.5 mm cold rolled Doors 2.5 mm cold rolled Covers 2.0 mm cold rolled Degree of protection P52 Colour finish shade as per IS: 5 ‘Seven tank process painting with epoxy based Interior Glossy white Exterior ‘Shade 631 Busbar material Allalloy of E 91 E grade. For main bus bars ~ copper for Auxiliary bus bars fully insulated 24.1 Bus bra installation Fully insulated 25 Earthin bus. 2IPaseMaterial Size (a) for POC By bidder Clearances in air of live parts 5-50 degrees Celsuis, Phase to Phase 2.4mm Phase to earth 19.4mm ‘Single front design All panels Draw out / Fixed type design Rate for IP30 PCC-ACB Draw out type eos Fixed / plugin type Incoming supply to PCCs ‘Through cables Vertical cable alley Minimum 250 mm Cable entry Bottom INCOMER CIRCUIT BREAKER FOR PCC Circuit breaker type Fully draw out type Air circuit breaker No. of Phases 4 pole Rated breaking capacity 50 KA ‘Short circuit withstand current 50 kA for 1 Second, Rated current Refer enclosed SLD ‘Type of operating mechanism Motorized spring charged Motor voltage, 220 V Ac, 1Ph. ‘Shunt trip require YesiNo Yes Relays / releases / control Overload / Earth fault / short circuit / static with settable settings (Microprocessor based) Remote communication Through serial link, Port Rs. 485 with formation of bus wires and ‘communication modem Required Local- Remote selector switch Required Minimum no. of auxiliary contacts 4.No, 4 NC spare for purchaser's OUTGOING CIRCUIT BREAKER FOR PCC Circuit breaker type MeceNo. of phases Rated breaking capacity ‘Type of operating mechanism ‘Shunt trip required Relays / series releases ‘TRANSFORMER TP with N 50 kA for 1 sec. Manual Yos Overioad / shor circuit Tem GENERAL ‘Application Quantity Installation (Indoor / Outdoor } Type (Auto / 2 Winding / 3 Winding) Rating Cooling TEMRATURE RISE Ambient temp. maximum ‘Temp. Rise of ol by thermometer ‘Temp. Rise of winding by resistance method Impedance at rated current frequency at 75°C Power Transformer 1No. Outdoor 2 Winding 1.6 MVA ONAN 45°CTAPPING: Off Load Tap Changer Tapping on winding (HV) Total tapping range Step RATING No load voltages Frequency TERMINAL CONNECTION HV Winding Line end HV Winding neutral end LV Winding Line / N end LV Winding neutral bushing Earthing conductor for Transformer body SYSTEM DATA System voltages Fault levels ‘System Neutral Earthing WINDING Material of Winding Winding connection & vector group Transformer neutral Type of Earthing MISCELLANEOUS Wheels 45 to 5% +10 2.5% (5 taps) (a) HV Winding 11 kV (©) LY Wining 433 50 Hz 433. XLPE cable (with heat shrink terminations) XLPE cable (with heat shrink terminations) ‘Separate Neutral bushing for earth connection (suitable for 1.1kV grade) (a) Material — G.I. strip (b) Size 60x 12mm (a) HV Nominal / Highest 11/12 kv (0) LV Nominal / Highest 0.433/0,457 kV (a) HV (6.6kV) system 40 kA (0) LV (415V) system SOkA (a) HV (11kV) Earth through Resistor (0) LV (415V) Solidly Earth System Copper HV (11KV) Dotta LV (433V) Star Dyn tt (a) HV — Not applicable (b) LV = Solidly Earthed (a) Plain / Flanged : Flanged (©) Unidirectional Bidirectional BidirectionalWinding temp. indicator required ‘Any special final paint required (Epoxy etc.) Additional connection HV cable box: features for LT cable box ‘Separate LV Neutral bushing: Neutral CT after bifurcation terminal Yes Epoxy painting With disconnecting chamber, phase segregated type, provided with space heater thermostat Requited for earth connection to earth pit 2000/1 A, class PS for 64R, 2000/1 A, CL 5P10, 15 VA for INS shall be provided NOTES: (1) Transformers shall be provided with necessary accessories HT-GABLES TEM Voltage Grade Conductor Conductor Screen Insulation Inner sheath Outer sheath Armoring, Cable Operating Temperature Short withstand capacity ‘Short circuit withstand temperature circuit current 11 KV (UE) grade cables, heavy duty Stranded Aluminium ‘Semi — conducting compound XLPE Extruded PVC (Type ST-2) Extruded PVC (Type ST-2) Galvanized steel strips for multi-core cables and non-magnetic Aluminium Wires for single core cables 20°C 40KA for 1 sec. 250°C LT.CABLES TEM [unr POWER CABLE Voltage Grade ww 1100V for 415V systemFrequency 50 Earthing system Solidly earthed system for 418V system Conductor Material ‘Annealed Cu Max withstand Temp (a) Normal condition 90 (0) Short circuit condition “c | 250 Conductor type ‘Stranded Grade Ha Insulation Material XLPE Reference standard 1S 7098, Part | and Part Il Inner Sheath Material FRLS PVC, Type sT2 Outer Sheath Material FRLS PVC, Type sT2 EARTHING & LIGHITNG PROTECTION CODES & STANDARDS The earthing of all outdoor equipment and provision of associated earthing systems, electrodes and connections shall be in accordance with the recommendations in the latest IEEE 80/IS 3043, DESIGN CRITERIA GROUNDING SYSTEM ‘The grounding design calculation shall conform to ANSI / IEEE Standard 80- 2000. Earth electrodes shall be provided throughout the plant areas along with the main earth grid. The number of earth electrodes shall be according to achieve the total earth grid resistance less than one (1) ohm. Earth electrodes shall be provided in earth pits. The earth pits shall be of two types namely treated withtest links and untreated. Earth electrodes shall be of heavy duty Gl pipes, 40 mm dia and 3 meter long. The main buried grid conductors shall be connected to all the earth electrodes to form a total earth gridGROUNDING MATERIAL Galvanised steel flats of required size shall be used as per approved design. In any case the minimum size shall be 75 x 10 mm. GS strip for earthing conductor. Treated earth pits shall conform to relevant INDIAN Standards. The earth grid shall be installed specified / approved depth of minimum 600mm. EQUIPMENT EARTHING ‘The frames of all electrical equipment and structural steel work shall be earthed by connection to earth grid by branches of same cross sectional area of the earth grid, LIGHTINING PROTECTION SYSTEM Power plant needs protection against Lighting. The system will be designed as per IS: 2309 and Indian Electricity Rules. Vertical air termination of 40mm diameter, 3 M long shall be provided above highest point of array to provide radius of protection full array. ‘STRUCTURAL MOUNTING EQUIPMENT TEM Type Material Overall dimension Coating Wind rating Tilt angle Foundation Fixing type Ground Mounting MS Galvanized ‘As per design Hot dip (Galvanized) Micron size 180 km / hr 30 Poo ‘S$ 304 FasinersSECTION - 6 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 301POPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHILOSOPHY ‘The proposed Organization structure for the operation and maintenance (O&M) of the power plant is presented in the exhibit. In order to ensure a high level of performance of the power plant, it is proposed to induct experienced O&M ‘engineers from the very beginning of the project. BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE O&M TEAM ‘The basic structure and the broad functional area within the O&M organization would be as follows: ‘The Plant Manager would have the primary responsibilty for the O&M of the power plant. The organization wil compromise of four broad functional areas viz. Operation, Maintenance, Technical and Administration. The basic duties covered under each of these functional areas would be as follows: Operation (@) Operation of main generating equipment, switch yard and other auxiliary plant. (©) Except for the Power Station Superintendent all other operating personne! ‘would work one shift basis. (c)__ The day to day operation of the power plant will be controlled by the Manager who will be assisted by the Control room operators and engineers. Maintenance (a) Maintenance of mechanical and electrical plant, control systems, buildings, roads, drainages and sewage systems etc. Operation of the plant, planning and scheduling maintenance works and deciding the requirement of spare parts, ‘The Plant Manager will be assisted by departmental engineers, who take care of the maintenance aspects of all mechanical, electrical and 1&C requirement(@) Trained technicians will be employed to assist the maintenance group in day to day maintenance of the plant. ‘Administration ‘The main responsibilities of this department will be as follows: (@) Purchase () Plant Security (¢)__ Liaison with local labour officers Stores management (e) Medical Services (Transport services FACILITIES TO BE EXTENDED TO THE EMPLOYEES ‘The number of employees required for operation of the proposed power plant will be around 10 numbers. The personnel required for administration and finance & accounts also will be provided. The following facities will be provided in the power plant. (@) Administration Building and Technical Office Stores (©) Time and security offices First Aid and Fire Fighting Station () Toilets and Changes roomsOrdinary Maintenance Ordinary Maintenance, which covers routine checking and minor refurbishment ‘activities to be performed according to operation manuals of components / ‘equipments in operating conditions. Emergency Maintenance Emergency Maintenance, which is corrective maintenance to be performed when a significant failure occurs. To minimize forced outages duration, an effective Emergency Maintenance must be supported by: (@)_ Aproper stock of spare parts (b) Permanent monitoring and diagnostic systems for main components. Maintenance Plan and Scheduled Maintenance ‘Scheduled maintenance is carried our according to maintenance plan, which should bbe discussed and optimized according to the needs of the customer / client. ‘The maintenance plan is based on scheduled outages for the following components: () Power Processing System (¢) _ Switchyard equipment MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ‘The maintenance of this plant will be carried out as per the above philosophy. This system alms at maximizing the availabilty of the plant, while ensuring minimum maintenance cost and safety of the plant and personnel. SPARE PARTS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 331P ace‘The primary objective of spare part management system will be to ensure timely availability of proper spare parts for efficient maintenance of the plant without ‘excessive build-up of non-moving and slow moving inventory. ‘The spare parts management system for this project wil over the following are (a) Proper codification of all spares and consumables (©) Spare parts indenting and procurement policy (c) Ordering of critical mandatory and recommended spares Judicious fixation of inventory levels and ordering levels for spare parts based on experience. (©) Development of more than one source of manufacturer / supplier whenever practicable. AVAILABILITY OF O & M MANUALS: Al contracts include provision of at least 6 sets of details O&8M manuals, which will be distributed to all departments concerned well in advance from the commissioning date of the power plant to avoid problems in preparation of commissioning documents as well as proper installation and commissioning procedures of various, ‘equipments. ‘SPECIAL TOOLS AND TACKLES ‘All contracts will include the provision for supply of one set of all types of special tools and tackles, which are required for installation, commissioning and proper maintenance of plant and equipment,CHECKLISTS AND PROTOCOL A detailed checklist for the various equipments, supplemented with the checklist ‘submitted by the supplier shall be drawn and logged for future reference. This will also form part of the plant's base history / datum. Whenever an equipment in commissioned, the important parameters of that particular equipment should be observed for a period of eight hours and the readings shall be logged as per the log sheets. These activities shall be performed in the presence of the customer / consultant and a protocol shall be signed SAFETY AND PROTECTION ‘The importance of safety and the protection of personnel and equipment cannot be ‘overemphasized. The system must be designed to minimize hazards to operation ‘and maintenance personnel, the public, and equipment. The control subsystem must be equipped with various fuses, builtin fault detection and protection algorithms to protect the users, the loads, and the PV system equipment. The safety of an operator or technician is of the utmost importance. Personnel must be protected from electric shock by following all available safety practices. Such as displaying high voltage warning signs wherever necessary. In general, the system must adhere to the IS Codes and standards dealing with safety issues. ‘Some of the important safely criteria are as follow (@) Electrical components should be insulated and grounded (b) All high voltage terminations (> 50 Vdc) should be properly covered and insulated (¢) All component with elevated temperatures should be insulated against contact with or exposure to personnel Structures should be grounded and ground fault relays installed to give |waming of ground faults in the array or other electrical components.SECTION - 7 SWOT ANALYSIS‘SWOT ANALYSIS. Non ~ Conventional Sources, which are renewable in nature, are termed as the alternate sources of energy. The Challenges of the present ~ energy scenario offer us a window of the opportunity in the form of renewable energy sources. The Power from the sun is clean , silent , limitless and free. Photovoltaic (PV) process releases no GO2 , SO2 or NO2 gases which are normally associated with burning finite fossil fuel reserve and don't contribute to global warming ‘Solar power shall augment the need of peak power needs & increases the grid reliabilly Le , Voltage and frequency, Solar Powered arid connect plants can act, a tail end energizes , which in turn reduces the transmission and distribution losses. (@) Geographically India is situated at northern hemisphere near the Equator. So India gets maximum solar irradiation and there is ample of ‘scope to produce the power from solar PV. But til now this area is totally virgin area for producing power. This is true that solar PV efficiency is very low compared to other power generation systems , Lots of R&D is going on the improve the efficiency. Solar PV generates electricity only at day time , So the proposed solar PV Power plant generates power on an average only about six hours in day time. India is potentially one of the largest markets for solar energy in the world. The estimated potential of power generation through solar photovoltaic system is about 20 MW/Sqkm in India. It is useful for providing grid quality, reliable power in rural area where the line voltage Is low and insufficient cater to connected load. Recent Government incentives and policies have been providing the momentum for PV in India . The Government of India already declared national Action plan on climate change released in mid 2008, identifies eight critical mission — ‘one of which is the National Solar Mission, In comparison to other sources of power generation, the PV solar power is totally dependent in nature . The capacity utilization factor of such type of plant is only 19%. Because averagely in the year we get 6 hr sunlightina day . Only this particular interval solar plant generates electricity In comparison to other conventional power generating units, solar power generating unit has many advantages like. (2) No fuel is required for power generation. (b) Operation & Maintenance Manpower required is less. (¢) Plant willbe running smoothly for a long period as compared to other ‘conventional power generation units. (@) _Inenvironmental perspective, solar power plant generates clean energy land gets maximum clean development mechanism (GDM) benefit as ‘compared to other conventional power generation units. Considering all the above points, solar power generating potential is aways ahead of al other conventional power generating units in economical & Environment point of view.SECTION - 8 PLANT LAYOUT & PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 391PINTRODUCTION. This layout ofthe plant and facilities for the proposed solar power plant is largely dictated by its location, shape and road etc. Involving minimum eviction, the wind rose pattern, land use pattern of adjoining area and the direction of power evacuation, IMPLEMENT CONCEPT The project is planned to be implemented at the earliest . The most essential aspect regarding the implementation of this project is to ensure that the project is completed with in the schedule , spanning 6 months from the placement of purchase order. ‘A good planning , scheduling , and monitoring program is imperative to complet the project on time and without cost overruns. The project zero date start once the kick- off meeting has taken place and the advance payment has been received. PROJECT IMPLEMETATION STRATEGY. Itis envisaged that the project will have the below mentioned phase of activities These phases are not mutually exclusive ; to implement the project on fast track basis some degree of overlapping is envisaged. Phase | Projact Development Phase Il Finalization of the Equipment and contracts, Phase Ill Procurement and Construction. Phase IV Plant CommissioningSECTION-9 ESTIMATED PROJECT COST 411PBASIS FOR COST ESTIMATION ‘The capital cost of the plant has been estimated taking into account the cost of civil & structure works, transportation, installation, testing, commissioning charges and contingencies. Land cost is not considered as land is already available, ‘The cost of material and electrical equipment has been estimated based on budgetary quotation received previous quotations for other projects and in house cost data suitable altered. Excise duty is exempted as per MNRE consideration. Packing, forwarding , inland transportation and insurance at the rate of 2.5% for all equipment and systems including spares have been considered. Erection, testing and commissioning charges are considered as 8% of supply cost for mechanical and electrical equipment. 3% of the equipment cost has been considered towards cost of initial spares. Cost of civil works has been estimated based on data available for similar projects. Power plant Iife is considered as 25 years.SECTION - 10 ESTIMATED POWER GENERATION COSTCOST OF POWER GENERATION Basis for Generation Cost Estimation Debt-Equity Ratio shall be 70:30 Rate of interest on loan shall be 10.0% pa. Depreciation shall be 10.84% for plant & machinery and 3.94% for Civil work ‘The working capita is Insurance expenses for one year in advance and one month requirement of spares and consumables Eligibility for working capital loan is 75% of total working capital & interest rate on the loan is 12% p.a.Refrences: http://www businesswire.com/news/home/20110927005580/en/Satcon-Chosen-Landmark- Megawatt-Project-Arizona hup://www google. co.in/search?sourceid=chromedie=UTF-8&q=Projecttoft5+Mega+ Watt http://www bloomberg. com/news/2012-01-04/world-bank-backed-azure-completes- megawatt-solar-power-project.html hup://www.seeep.org/485.17860/greenergy-renewables-pyt-H.him up //www sirvoicegroup in/gepL.htm up //epencrgy.net! hip /Avww.outbacksolarproject.com/2011/10/outhack-5-megawatt-solar-project html ‘http://green.tmenet,com/channels/solar-power/articles/223414-satcon-chosen-landmark-5- megawatt-project-arizona-western.him ttp:/Avww.renewablewire.com/solar-power/satcon-chosen-for-5-megawatt-solar-project-by- arizona-western-college html Text Book: Project Finance In Theory And Practice- Stefano Gatti Project Appraisal and Finance ~ Prasanna Chandra