+. The Fight allworkers now govern studies: sol: 007 art @ 1968 ‘Ate two years of hetero in te United Sates i 1959-60, ane Hottein ces iors ame cy Verea where he began cllboraing wit ‘hs compat Wat ler Wii a sor tne wo hac merges ae he ead tauren a gran ol racial rctacts workng at oy Hate ac Plier joy x09.ced 2 mantestoi 1962 ened "Absoke Arcache” van ney declared in saparale Satonens at arcrtacine masa alse ‘spresion tps, lena i anc subi ppaselssness. Te lowing yest afou cay eenbiion of ae wor the Galerie Sart Steghan had a Cateye eecten he Wennesescere Hot’ moda and rawngs cniunog up arcnenps! monument, abeact urban compete, ang ashes Lnspectied uncon and seal gave a pete magete an conacasbe anc veonay archer. So id he ureaiate montage o! 1964 dopeteg an cert carr boachoa the Ausian wheat ls, AS commission in 1965, {oz the Rat candle sha, alowed him caize oe of hens on a sat ses. Dotiad nan clogartly tcc lang.2go, th shop exhibted a acas of syrokanc syrmaries rendered paradoucal by an ilscrit play of iors and metalic ataces win [Aer urtercolaboratons wih lhl on soul aclecie ang hen on present nionments—a cence a pursued i the ale 19805 by Ho younger Vennese groups, Coop Hinesbay ad Haus Rucker Cone paths of ‘ne wo archtets dverged. Te folowing slater by Hote apceared as an ‘raducton toa ity page compendium ol mages which i asared ina rmamorabeesue of iy The pct slecton—ranging fom prratic ane ‘on stuctires by Fel Oro ad wots oy Clans O'cenburg, Cts. nd seh ‘eu 02 erent of eusonary neo Ode Goevara—is a vida menage o! 1960s senate couriovcatue. Hotes stalement eves his coreg ‘expansion ole concep of arcictute, nat ony > embrace her meca, B12 ‘ranscend es own pryscaly oa compranensive and vse chica ‘evtooment. ucrnestr Fur meeeageie expt hare asi that of Marshal MeL an. The ter has writen in Unrtancing Mec, 1968), “Dug ‘mechanical agee we had etatded ox bases sece, Today... we Rave ‘etences ou conta neveut system anti a global embrace, abolshing Boh space angie ea or 85 ou paras concained. Rapidly we apprceeh ho tinal phase of ne extonsion of man-—e tchnological simulation of eonsceweress* From the buldnglttebock he media envzorment wih hs proreuncerentol he er ofthe Gutenberg galacy MeLuran gave ore ore lum ole sero Vici Hugo's cei era cots Hein’ rata Tele setectueloked back We laze wate tecnologia balm fhe gat ‘lage Uke Ala seeks wan Japan and ater ne-event guide rrantctatons arora he wor in thse yars—incaing Arcgyam England and Superstaonay win wom ere were close conacts—the Viennese ‘reverent inst by Hola eongs a cert oleh! poDhecy recty espera Wee cata creel postegusral scely Fo aich compsaten al me wok of e Viena architects, neg poet etree Freie St. tan ana Rerrana tvanem and expermental ous ke CacA Himmeleau cee rtaartons aha data acl Fedele Kens ruteredia ephratons ne the happaniogs one American a scone, soe a recent booby one oe moseron’ progenies: GotherFeverten, eens srentotur Win 1954/1985 (198) ‘As published under oie “Als Archie” Bas 12 (1969.2 onset English he caaoguetten (Cncego. chars Fogen Gaoy, 1960, Courtesy ore ash.Everything Is Architecture Hans Hollein Limited and traditional definitions of architecture and its means have lost thet valicity, Today the environment as a whole the goal of our activties —and allthe media ofits determination: TVor artificial eimate, transportation or clothing, telecommunication or shelter ‘The extension of the human sphere and the means of its determination go far beyond a built statement. Today everything becomes architecture, “Architecture” is Just one of many means, is just one possibiity, Man creates arilicial conditions. This is Architactive, Physically and psychically ‘man repeals, transforms, expands his physical and psychical sphere. He deterrrines. ‘environment’ in its widest sense. According to his needs and wishes he uses the means necessary to satisy these, ‘needs andto ull hese dreams. He expandshisbodyandhismind. He communicates. Architecture is a medium of communication Man is both—solf-centered individual and part ofa community, This determines his behavior. From 2 primitive being, helhas continuously expanded himsoll by means ‘of media which were thus themselves expanded, ‘Wan has. brain. His senses are the basis for perception ol the surrounding word, ‘The means for the defniton, forthe establishment ofa (sil desired) world are based ‘or the extension of these senses. ‘These are the mecia of architecture-—architecture in the broadest senso. Tobemesespeciic, one could formulae the folowing moles and detetions forthe concept “Architecture” Architecture is cul; itis mark, symbol, sign, expression Architecture is contro! of body heat—protective shelter Architecture is determination—estebishment—of space, envionment Aschitecture is conditioning of a psychological state. Forthousandsof years, artifical transformation and deterrrination ofrnan's word, {ag well as sheltering {rom weather and climate, was accomplished by means of ‘building, The builsing was the essential manifestation and expression ofman, Building was understood as the creation of a three-dimensional image of the necessary as Spatial definition, protective shel, mechanism and instrument, psychic means and symbol. The development of science and technology. as wellas changing sacioty and its needs and demands, has confronted us with ently cfferent realities. Other and new media of environmental determination emerge. Beyond technical improvements in the usual principles, and developments in physical “building materials’ rough new materials and methods, langle means lor ‘Spatial determination wil also be developed, Numerous tasks and problems wil Continue to be solved traditionally, through building, through ‘architecture. * Yet for ‘many questions is the answer stil "Architecture" as thas been understcod, oF are better media not available to us? ‘Architectshave something toleam inthis respec trom the developmontofriitary Strategy. Had this science been subject io the same inertness as architecture and ts ‘consumers, we would sil be building fortification walls and towers. In contrast, iltary Planning left behind its connaction tp building to avail ise of new possiblities for Satisfying the demands placed upon it “00ir vay, nediaotits nication or tion go far tecture” is osyohically seterminas alsfy these “nunicates. Jetermines feymeans sing wort are based nse, cons forthe a an'sword, means of Building essary as seans and ciety and Other and vpments in means for lems will ‘a Yet for vod, or are tofmittary ure andits ssf, military ites for‘Obviously it no longer occurs to anyone to wallin sewage canals oF erect astronomicatinstrumentsof stone (Jaipur) Newcommunications medialixetelephone, radio, TV, ete. are of far more import, Today a museum or a school can be replaced bya TVsel, Architects must cease to think only in terms of buildings. ‘There is a change as tothe importance ol “meaning” and ‘effect "Architecture affects, The way | take possession of an object, how | use , Becomes important. A building can become entrelyinformation—its messagemightbe experienced through informational media (press, TV, etc.) Infactitis of almost no portance whether, for example. the Acropolis or the Pyramids exist in physical realty, as most people are ‘aware ofthem through other media anyway andnotthroughanexperience oftheir own, Indeed, their importanco—the role they play—is based on ths effect of information Thus @ building might be simulated only. ‘An early example of the extension of buldings through media of communication is the telephone booth—a building of minimal size extended into global dimensions, Environments of this kind more drectly slated to the human body and even mare Concentrated in form are, for example, the helmets of jet pilots who, through telecormmunication, expand their senses and bring vast areas info direct relation with themselves. Toward a synthesis and to an extreme formulation of @ contemporary architecture leads the development of space capsules and space suis. Here is a rhouse’—far more perfect than any buiding—with a complete conto! of body functions, provision food and disposal ol waste, coupled witha maximum of mobilty, These far-developed physical possibilities leads othinkaboutpsychicpossibities of determinations of environments. After shedding the need of any necessity of a physical shelter at alla new freedom can be sensed. Man will now finaly be the center ofthe creation of an individual environment ‘The extension a the media of architecture beyond pure tectonic building and its Crivations first led to experiments with new structures and materials, especially in raitoad construction, The demand to change and transport our “environment” as icky and easily as possible forceda first consideration ofa broadrange of materials ‘and possibillies—of means thathave been used inher iekds foragos. Thus wehave today "sewn" architecture, as we have also “inflatable” architecture. All these, howover, are stil material moans, stil “pulling materials” Lite consequent experimentation has been undertaken to use nonmateria ‘means (tke light, temperature, or smell te determine an environment, to determine ‘space. As the use of already existing methods has vast areas of application, so could ‘he use ofthe laser (hologram) ead fo lolally new determinations and experiences, Finally, he purposeful use of chemicals and drugs to contro! body temperature ang bbody functions as wellas to create artical envinmentshas barely started. Architects have to stop thinking in terms of bullaings only, Buitand physical architecture, freed from the technological limitations ofthe past, will more intensely work with spatial quaities 25 well as with psychological ones. The process of “erection” wil get 2 new meaning, spaces wil more consciously have haptic, optic, and acoustic properties, and cortain informational elfets while directly expressing emotional needs, A true atchitecture of our time will have to redetine ise and expand its means. Many areas outside traditional pulling will enter the realm of archtecture, as architecture and “architects" will have fo enter new fields, Allare architects, Everything is architecture.