Bao Cao NCKH

LI CM N
hon thnh tt bi nghin cu ny, ngoi s n lc ca bn thn nhm tc

gi cn nhn c s quan tm, gip ca mi ngi. Vi tt c s chn thnh,
nhm tc gi xin gi li cm n su sc n:
- Ban Gim Hiu, Khoa Qun Tr - Kinh T Quc T cng ton th Thy C
Trng i Hc Lc Hng ht lng truyn t nhng kin thc nn tng cho
nhm tc gi trong sut nhng nm thng hc tp ti trng.
- Tin s Nguyn Vn Tn Ging vin hng dn ti trc tip hng
dn tn tnh cng nh c nhng kin ng gp qu bu nhm tc gi c th
hon thnh bi nghin cu.
- Cc tc gi l nhng tp th v c nhn ca nhng ti liu tham kho gip
nhm tc gi c c nhng kin thc nn tng cn thit v tit kim rt nhiu thi
gian trong qu trnh thc hin ti.
- Ban Gim c, Phng hnh chnh t chc, c, ch, anh, ch nhn vin ca
cng ty C Phn Amata (Vit Nam) tn tnh ch bo, to iu kin cng nh gip
nhm tc gi trong sut thi gian thc hin ti; cng vi cc c, ch, anh, ch
cng nhn vin ang cng tc ti cc cng ty thuc nhm doanh nghip sn xut
nhit tnh tham gia tho lun v gip nhm tc gi tr li phiu kho st.
- V cui cng, nhm tc gi xin c by t lng bit n n gia nh, bn b
ng vin, ng gp kin, gip nhm tc gi trong giai on ny.
Tuy c rt nhiu c gng nhng khng th trnh khi nhng thit st.
Nhm tc gi xin chn thnh n nhn s ch bo, ng gp kin qu bu ca qu
thy c ti c hon thin hn. Xin knh chc Qu thy c di do sc khe
lun c th truyn dy cho th h sau nhng kin thc b ch!
Bin Ha, ngy 14 thng 04 nm 2012
Sinh vin thc hin
V Nguyn Hng Nhung
Trn Th Ngc Tho
MC LC
Trang
LI CM N
MC LC
DANH MC CC T VIT TT
DANH MC CC BNG
DANH MC CC HNH
PHN M U ..................................................................................................................... 1
1. L DO CHN TI.................................................................................................. 1
2. TNG QUAN V LCH S NGHIN CU ............................................................ 3
3. MC TIU NGHIN CU .......................................................................................... 4
4. NGHA CA TI................................................................................................ 5
5. I TNG V PHM VI NGHIN CU ............................................................ 6
6. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU ................................................................................ 6
7. KT CU TI.......................................................................................................... 7
CHNG 1: C S L LUN ......................................................................................... 8
1.1 S HI LNG CA NHN VIN TI NI LM VIC........................................ 8
1.1.1 Nhu cu ca ngi lao ng ...................................................................................... 8
1.1.2 S hi lng ca nhn vin......................................................................................... 11
1.1.2.1 Khi nim v s hi lng ca nhn vin ......................................................... 11
1.1.2.2 L thuyt v s hi lng trong cng vic ........................................................ 11
1.1.2.3 o lng s hi lng trong cng vic ............................................................. 15
1.2 LNG TRUNG THNH CA NHN VIN I VI T CHC...................... 18
1.2.1 Khi nim v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin ....................................................... 18
1.2.2 o lng lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc .................................. 18
1.2.3 Li ch ca vic xy dng v duy tr s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn
vin i vi t chc ............................................................................................................ 19
1.3 MI QUAN H GIA S HI LNG V LNG TRUNG THNH CA
NHN VIN TRONG T CHC ...................................................................................... 21
1.4 NH HNG CA C IM C NHN N S HI LNG V LNG

TRUNG THNH ................................................................................................................... 22
1.5 DOANH NGHIP C VN U T NC NGOI........................................... 23
1.5.1 Tng quan v DN c vn u t nc ngoi......................................................... 23
1.5.2 Hnh thc DN lin doanh ......................................................................................... 24
1.5.2.1 Khi nim ............................................................................................................ 24
1.5.2.2 c im ca DN lin doanh ............................................................................ 24
1.5.3 Hnh thc DN 100% vn u t nc ngoi ......................................................... 25
1.5.3.1 Khi nim ............................................................................................................ 25
1.5.3.2 c im ca DN 100% vn u t nc ngoi............................................ 25
TM TT CHNG 1 ...................................................................................................... 26
CHNG 2: THC TRNG MC NH HNG CA S HI LNG
N LNG TRUNG THNH CA NHN VIN TRONG DN C VN U
T NC NGOI .............................................................................................................. 27
2.1 TNG QUAN V CNG TY C PHN AMATA (VIT NAM) ........................ 27
2.2 QUY TRNH THC HIN NGHIN CU ............................................................... 27
2.3 NGHIN CU NH TNH ......................................................................................... 28
2.3.1 T chc tho lun nhm ........................................................................................... 28
2.3.2 xut m hnh thang o v cc gi thuyt nghin cu ..................................... 29
2.3.2.1 Cc nhn t nh hng n s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
........................................................................................................................................... 29
2.3.3 xut m hnh nghin cu.................................................................................... 37
2.4 NGHIN CU NH LNG .................................................................................... 37
2.4.1 Thit k mu .............................................................................................................. 38
2.4.2 Thu thp, cp nht v lm sch d liu .................................................................. 38
2.4.3 Thng k m t mu nghin cu ............................................................................. 39
2.4.3.1 Thng k m t mu theo cc c im c nhn............................................ 39
2.4.3.2 Thng k m t v cc nhn t nh hng n s hi lng v lng trung
thnh ca nhn vin......................................................................................................... 40
2.4.3.3 Thng k m t v s hi lng ca nhn vin ................................................ 40

2.4.3.4 Thng k m t v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin ....................................... 40
2.4.4 Thc trng kho st s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin thuc nhm
DN dch v ........................................................................................................................... 41
2.4.4.1 nh gi tin cy ca thang o ..................................................................... 41
2.4.4.2 Phn tch nhn t khm ph (EFA - Exploratory Factor Analysis) ............. 41
2.4.4.3 Phn tch hi quy ................................................................................................ 44
2.4.4.4 M hnh hiu chnh ............................................................................................ 47
2.4.5 Thc trng kho st s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin thuc nhm
DN sn xut ......................................................................................................................... 48
2.4.5.1 nh gi tin cy ca thang o ..................................................................... 48
2.4.5.2 Phn tch nhn t khm ph (EFA - Exploratory Factor Analysis) ............. 49
2.4.5.3 Phn tch hi quy ................................................................................................ 51
2.4.5.4 M hnh hiu chnh ............................................................................................ 55
2.6 PHN TCH S KHC BIT V S HI LNG V LNG TRUNG THNH
CA NHN VIN THEO CC C IM C NHN .............................................. 56
2.6.1 Kim nh mc hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin thuc nhm DN
dch v theo cc c im c nhn ................................................................................... 58
2.6.1.1 Kim nh mc hi lng ca nhn vin ..................................................... 58
2.6.1.2 Kim nh lng trung thnh ca nhn vin ..................................................... 58
2.6.2 Kim nh mc hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin thuc nhm DN
sn xut theo cc c im c nhn .................................................................................. 58
2.6.2.1 Kim nh mc hi lng ca nhn vin ..................................................... 58
2.6.2.2 Kim nh lng trung thnh ca nhn vin ..................................................... 59
2.7 NH GI CHUNG V THO LUN KT QU ................................................ 59
2.7.1 S hi lng ca nhn vin i vi t chc ............................................................. 59
2.7.2 Lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc................................................... 61
TM TT CHNG 2 ...................................................................................................... 63
CHNG 3: MT S GII PHP NNG CAO S HI LNG V LNG

TRUNG THNH CA NHN VIN TRONG DOANH NGHIP C VN U
T NC NGOI .............................................................................................................. 64
3.1 I VI NHM DN DCH V C VN U T NC NGOI .................. 64
3.1.1 Gii php cho yu t Trao quyn ....................................................................... 64
3.1.2 Gii php cho yu t c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin ..... 66
3.1.3 Gii php cho yu t S thng cm cc vn c nhn ................................. 68
3.1.4 Gii php cho yu t Mi quan h vi ng nghip ........................................ 69
3.2 I VI NHM DN SN XUT C VN U T NC NGOI .............. 70
3.2.1 Gii php cho yu t c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin ..... 70
3.2.2 Gii php cho yu t c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng vic. 71
3.2.3 Gii php cho yu t Thu nhp........................................................................... 73
3.2.4 Gii php cho yu t Mi quan h vi cp trn .............................................. 74
3.2.5 Gii php cho yu t Trao quyn ....................................................................... 75
3.2.6 Gii php cho yu t S thng cm cc vn c nhn .................................. 76
3.2.7 Gii php cho yu t Cng vic c m bo................................................ 77
TM TT CHNG 3 ...................................................................................................... 79
KT LUN ............................................................................................................................ 80
TI LIU THAM KHO
PH LC
DANH MC CC T VIT TT
Cm t
vit tt
Ngha ting Anh
ANOVA Analysis Of Variance

APEC
ASEAN
ERG
FDI
HSD
JDI
Din n hp tc kinh t Chu
Cooperation
Thi Bnh Dng
Association of Southeast Asian

Nations
Hip hi cc quc gia ng Nam

Doanh nghip
Exploratory Factor Analysis

Existence Relatedness Growth
Phn tch nhn t khm ph

Thuyt ERG
Foreign Direct Investment
u t trc tip nc ngoi
Honestly Significant
Kim nh s khc bit c ngha
Difference
trung thc
Job Descriptive Index
Thang o m t cng vic
KCN
KMO
Phn tch phng sai
Asia Pacific Economic
DN
EFA
Ngha ting Vit
Khu cng nghip

Kaiser Meyer Olkin
H s kim nh ph hp ca
m hnh trong EFA
TNHH
Trch nhim hu hn
TS
Tin s
VIF
Variance Inflation Factor
Nhn t phng i phng sai
WTO
World Trade Organization
T chc Thng mi Th gii
DANH MC CC BNG
S hiu
Tn bng
Trang
Bng 1.1: Xp hng ca ngi lao ng ti cc nc v 10 yu t ng vin ................. 17

Bng 2.1 a: Cc bin o lng K lut kho lo ........................................................... 29
Bng 2.1 b: Cc bin o lng iu kin lm vic ...................................................... 30
Bng 2.1 c: Cc bin o lng c im cng vic ..................................................... 30
Bng 2.1 d: Cc bin o lng Thu nhp ...................................................................... 31
Bng 2.1 e: Cc bin o lng c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin ... 31
Bng 2.1 f: Cc bin o lng Mi quan h vi cp trn............................................. 32
Bng 2.1 g: Cc bin o lng S thng tin v pht trin ngh nghip .................... 33
Bng 2.1 h: Cc bin o lng S thng cm cc vn c nhn .............................. 33
Bng 2.1 i: Cc bin o lng c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng vic 34
Bng 2.1 j: Cc bin o lng Cng vic c m bo ............................................. 35
Bng 2.1 k: Cc bin o lng Mi quan h vi ng nghip .................................... 35
Bng 2.1 l: Cc bin o lng Trao quyn .................................................................... 35
Bng 2.1 m: Cc bin o lng S hi lng...................................................................... 36
Bng 2.1 n: Cc bin o lng Lng trung thnh ............................................................. 36
Bng 2.2: Thng k mu theo cc c im c nhn........................................................... 39
Bng 2.3: tin cy ca thang o ......................................................................................... 41
Bng 2.4: tin cy ca thang o sau khi phn tch nhn t EFA .................................... 44
Bng 2.5: tin cy ca thang o ......................................................................................... 48
Bng 2.6: tin cy ca thang o sau khi phn tch nhn t EFA .................................... 51
DANH MC CC HNH
S hiu
Tn hnh
Trang
Hnh 1.1: M hnh Thp nhu cu ca Maslow .................................................................... 8

Hnh 1.2: M hnh l thuyt k vng ca Vroom ............................................................. 14
Hnh 2.1: Quy trnh nghin cu ............................................................................................ 27
Hnh 2.2: M hnh nghin cu .............................................................................................. 37
Hnh 2.3: M hnh hiu chnh i vi nhm DN dch v c vn u t nc ngoi .... 48
Hnh 2.4: M hnh hiu chnh i vi nhm DN sn xut c vn u t nc ngoi ... 56
PHN M U
1. L DO CHN TI
Cng vi s pht trin nh v bo ca khoa hc cng ngh, li th ca cc
quc gia, vng lnh th cng nh cc doanh nghip (DN) thay i, l chuyn
t li th v ti nguyn, tin vn, nhn cng gi r sang li th v nhn lc cht
lng cao. y c xem l ngun lc qu gi nht, khng nhng l yu t to nn
li th cnh tranh m cn l yu t quyt nh s thnh cng hay tht bi ca DN.
Vi nhiu DN ln trn th gii, c bit l nhng DN hot ng trong lnh vc cng
ngh cao nh Google, Applec th thy c sn phm ca h ch yu kt tinh
t cht xm, hay ni khc i h c mt i ng nhn vin rt gii. V cuc chy ua
c c ngun nhn lc cht lng cao ang din ra ngy cng gay gt, v khng
phi iu g khc m ch c th l con ngi mi to nn s thnh cng, s pht
trin t bin, vt bc cho DN.
Mt DN mun thnh cng phi thc s hiu c mi lin h gia s hi lng
ca nhn vin vi cng vic v s tha mn ca khch hng cng nh cc i tc.
Tt c nhng nh qun l, nhng ch DN u nhn nhn rng h phi lun tr gi
rt cao cho s ra i ca nhng cng s then cht. Cc nghin cu cho thy c n
70% l do khch hng ri b DN u lin quan n s ra i ca nhng nhn vin
then cht. Khng nhng th nu lin tc c s ra i ca nhng nhn vin ny th s
gy nn nhng cn sng ngm ra i ca ton th nhn vin cn li [3 trang 2]. Jay
Conger, gio s nghin cu trong chng trnh hc tr thnh lnh o ca Henry
Kravis ti trng Claremont McKenna, cng l tc gi ca cun "Thc hnh lm
lnh o: Pht trin th h lnh o k tip", ch ra: "Nh tin tri v i nht d bo
mt ai s li cng DN chnh l s tha mn ca h vi sp trc tip ca h"
[28]. y thc s l mt vn rt ng quan tm i vi cc DN hin nay, bi v
nhiu nh lnh o vn lng tng trong vn hiu r mong mun ca nhn vin
t a ra cc gii php qun tr v khai thc ngun nhn lc mt cch hiu qu.
Theo nghin cu mi nht ca t chc Mercer v mc trung thnh ca nhn vin
trn ton th gii (cui nm 2010), vi s phn hi t khong 30.000 nhn vin ti
17 th trng a l cho thy rng t l phn trm nhn vin nghim tc xem
xt n kh nng ri b cng ty ngy cng tng ln. V d, ti M - mt trong
nhng th trng c nghin cu mc d kh nng tm kim mt cng vic mi
rt kh khn, nhng t l phn trm cc c nhn mun b cng vic hin ti ca h
tng t 23% nm 2005 ln 32% nm 2010. Ti Anh, tnh hnh thm ch cn ti t
hn: 36% nhn vin cho bit h ang nghim tc tm cch ri khi cng ty [31].
Hai mi lm nm sau ngy i mi, kinh t Vit Nam c nhng bc pht
trin vng vng, gia nhp nhanh chng vo cc t chc quc t nh: ASEAN
(1995); APEC (1998); WTO (2007) Gia nhp nhng t chc ny, Vit Nam c c
hi m ca th trng, nng tm quan h, nhng ng thi cng t nn kinh t vo
mt mi trng cnh tranh y bin ng. Vic t c nhng thnh tu to ln
nh vy kch thch dng vn u t nc ngoi t chy vo th trng Vit
Nam. Cc nc pht trin nh M, Nht Bn, Hn Quc v ang tng cng tm
kim c hi u t vo Vit Nam. Nm 2003 nh du s chuyn bin tch cc
trong hot ng u t nc ngoi ti Vit Nam. C nc thu ht khong 3.1 t
USD vn u t mi, tng 11% so vi nm 2002 [24]. Cc DN c vn u t nc
ngoi c nhng ng gp tch cc trong s pht trin kinh t cng nh vic chuyn
giao nhng cng ngh tin tin, kinh nghim kinh doanh, qun l cho i ng nhn
lc trong nc. S thnh cng ca cc DN ny cng l mt trong nhng yu t kch
thch cc DN nc ngoi khc u t vo nc ta.
Tuy nhin, cc nh u t nc ngoi n t nhiu quc gia khc nhau, ni c
nhng nn vn ha, cng nh phong tc tp qun, tn ngng tn gio c s khc
bit vi Vit Nam. Nu khng tm hiu, nm bt s khc bit h s gp kh khn
trong vic thu hiu tm t, nguyn vng ca nhn vin, trong qu trnh hp tc
gia h v nhn vin s kh c ting ni chung, thm ch i khi xy ra nhng mu
thun khng th gii quyt c, v c th nh hng n cng vic kinh doanh.
Chnh v vy, vic nng cao mc hi lng trong cng vic cho nhn vin l mt
hot ng c ngha quan trng trong cng tc qun l. Hiu v p dng tt cc
bin php tng ng lc lm vic cho nhn vin s gp phn lm tng s hi lng v
lng trung thnh ca nhn vin; mang li nhng hiu qu ln hn v bn vng hn

vic u t tin bc vo cc n lc ci thin cng ngh hay c s h tng.
Xut pht t nhng l do ny, nhm tc gi quyt nh chn ti: o lng
mc nh hng ca s hi lng n lng trung thnh ca nhn vin trong
doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi nghin cu, vi mong mun gp
phn gip cho DN c vn u t nc ngoi hiu r hn tm t, nguyn vng cng
nh mc hi lng v lng trung thnh ca tp th nhn vin vi t chc. Qua
nhm tc gi cng xin xut mt s gii php cc DN c vn u t nc
ngoi tham kho v p dng vo cng vic qun l ngun nhn lc ca mnh.
2. TNG QUAN V LCH S NGHIN CU
Trn th gii v Vit Nam c kh nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v mc
hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin. Trong c:
ti nghin cu khoa hc cp b ca TS. Trn Kim Dung - Nhu cu, s
tha mn ca nhn vin v mc gn kt vi t chc [3].
ti nghin cu v cc yu t nh hng n lng trung thnh v kt qu
lm vic ca nhn vin trong cc cng ty va v nh, gip cc nh lnh o cng ty
nh ra cc chnh sch v gii php pht trin ngun nhn lc, v y cng c
xem l ti nn tng cho nhng ti nghin cu c lin quan.
Lun vn ca tc gi Trn Th Thu Trang (2006) nh hng ca phong
cch lnh o mi v cht n s tha mn v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
i vi t chc [11].
ti nghin cu khoa hc cp b ca TS. Trn Kim Dung v TS. Nguyn
Th Mai Trang (2007) - nh hng ca vn ha t chc v phong cch lnh
o n kt qu lm vic ca nhn vin v lng trung thnh ca h i vi t
chc [4].
Tc gi Thu Trang nghin cu v mc nh hng ca phong cch lnh o
mi, tc gi Kim Dung v Mai Trang bn cnh yu t phong cch lnh o cn
cp n mc nh hng ca vn ha t chc n s tha mn v lng trung
thnh ca nhn vin, t xut mt s gii php nng cao s tha mn v
lng trung thnh ca nhn vin trong iu kin cc DN Vit Nam.
Tuy nhin, hai ti ny ch nghin cu chuyn su v nh hng ca phong

cch lnh o v vn ha t chc, trong thc t bn cnh cn nhiu yu t khc
tc ng n s tha mn v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc.
Lun vn ca tc gi Nguyn Vn ip (2007) - Cc yu t nh hng
n s tha mn v s gn kt ca nhn vin Hp tc x Thng mi Thnh
ph H Ch Minh [7].
Lun vn ca tc gi V Khc t (2008) - Cc yu t tc ng n lng
trung thnh ca nhn vin ti Vn phng Khu vc min Nam Vietnam
Airlines [6].
Hai ti trn u nhm mc tiu xc nh mc nh hng ca cc yu t
tc ng n s tha mn v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin vi t chc, t
xut mt s gii php, kin ngh nng cao mc tha mn ca ngi lao ng
nhm tng lng trung thnh ca h vi t chc bng cch nghin cu thc trng c
th ca tng t chc: thu thp thng tin v tnh hnh bin ng nhn s ca t chc
trong khong thi gian nht nh, nh gi s lc cc vn s dng nhn s bng
phng php nh tnh, thc hin nghin cu nh lng thng qua phng vn trc
tip bng bng cu hi kho st, dng phn mm SPSS x l.
3. MC TIU NGHIN CU
Xy dng v iu chnh m hnh cc yu t tc ng n s hi lng v lng
trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc trong DN c vn u t nc ngoi ti
Vit Nam.
o lng mc nh hng ca s hi lng n lng trung thnh ca nhn
vin.
So snh s khc bit v mc hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
gia hai nhm DN dch v v DN sn xut.
xut mt s gii php, kin ngh nhm nng cao s hi lng v lng trung
thnh ca nhn vin trong cc DN dch v v DN sn xut c vn u t nc
ngoi.
4. NGHA CA TI
ng gp v mt l thuyt:
Bi nghin cu s gp phn kim nh thang o s hi lng trong cng vic v
lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc ph hp vi i tng lm vic
trong cc doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi ti Vit Nam.
ng gp v mt thc tin:
- o lng mc nh hng ca s hi lng n lng trung thnh ca nhn
vin trong DN c vn u t nc ngoi.
- S khc bit v s hi lng trong cng vic v lng trung thnh ca nhn
vin i vi t chc theo cc c im c nhn.
Kt qu ca cuc kho st ny s mt phn no gip cho cc DN c ci
nhn ton din v su sc hn v cc yu t nh hng n s hi lng, lng trung
thnh v mc nh hng ca s hi lng n lng trung thnh ca nhn vin. H
hi lng, cha hi lng v iu g, h cn c ng vin theo cch no l hiu
qu nht, nhng mt c v cha c ca ban lnh o DN ni ring v ca c
DN ni chung, t ban lnh o c th hoch nh mc tiu, chin lc mi nhm
ci thin, khc phc nhc im trong qun l c th tng mc hi lng cho
nhn vin, to c uy tn, s tin cy, khin cho nhn vin t nguyn cng hin kh
nng ca mnh v quyt tm gn b lu di vi DN, ng thi thu ht thm nhn ti
cho t chc.
Hn ch ca ti:
Do nhng gii hn v ngun nhn lc v ti lc cng nh thi gian nghin
cu ngn nn nhm tc gi ch nghin cu vi s lng mu 450; ng thi, nghin
cu cha xt n s nh hng ca cc nhn t khc (x hi, vn ha) tc ng
n s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca ngi lao ng.
Hng nghin cu tip theo:
Nu c c hi nghin cu tip tc, nhm tc gi s thc hin nghin cu rng
v su hn; ng thi nghin cu mc nh hng ngc ca lng trung thnh
i vi s hi lng vi mong mun gp mt phn gip cc ch u t nc ngoi
c th hiu, p ng c tm t nguyn vng ca nhn vin khuyn khch nhn

vin lm vic tt hn v gn b lu di vi cng ty, qua c th thu ht h tng
cng u t vo nc ta.
Nhm tc gi cng mong mun c th thc hin nghin cu ti cc DN trong
nc tm hiu xem s bin i cng nh mc nh hng ca cc nhn t khi
mi trng kinh doanh thay i, t gip cho cc DN trong nc s c nhng
hng i ph hp trong cng tc qun tr ngun nhn lc, c nhng ng thi tch
cc gi chn nhn ti, va c th cu hin cho DN, trnh hin tng chy mu
cht xm trong tng lai.
5. I TNG V PHM VI NGHIN CU
i tng nghin cu: mc nh hng ca s hi lng n lng trung
thnh ca nhn vin trong DN c vn u t nc ngoi.
Phm vi nghin cu:
Cng ty C phn Amata (Vit Nam), lin doanh gia Thi Lan vi Vit Nam
i din nhm DN dch v v Cng ty TNHH New Vit Nam, Cng ty TNHH
Young Poong Vina, Cng ty C phn nha Reliable (Vit Nam) i din cho
nhm DN sn xut 100% vn u t nc ngoi.
6. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
Trong phm vi ti ny, nhm tc gi s dng phng php nghin cu
nh tnh kt hp vi nghin cu nh lng, c th:
Nghin cu nh tnh c s dng khm ph v b sung nhng tiu ch
nh gi, cc thnh phn ca s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin trong
DN c vn u t nc ngoi ti Vit Nam, iu chnh thang o v xy dng bng
cu hi phc v cho qu trnh nghin cu nh lng.
Nghin cu nh lng c s dng nh gi, kim nh cc thang o v
s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin.
Mu iu tra trong nghin cu c thc hin bng phng php ly
mu phn tng (100 phiu) i vi i din nhm DN dch v v phng php ly
mu thun tin (350 phiu) i vi i din nhm DN sn xut.
Sau khi nhp d liu, nhm tc gi tin hnh kim nh vi phn mm

SPSS qua cc bc sau:
-
Thng k m t mu kho st.
Kim nh tin cy ca bin o lng bng h s Cronbach Alpha.
nh gi gi tr (Factor Loading) bng phn tch nhn t khm ph
EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis).

-
Kim nh li tin cy ca bin o lng sau khi phn tch EFA.
Phn tch hi quy: Xc nh s tc ng ca cc bin c lp n cc
bin ph thuc l S hi lng v Lng trung thnh ca nhn vin. T xc

nh mi lin h v mc nh hng ca s hi lng n lng trung thnh ca
nhn vin trong cc cng ty.
-
Phn tch phng sai ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) v kim nh
trung bnh T-test gia cc nhm i tng khc nhau vi cc thnh phn ca m
hnh cu trc c kim nh nhm tm ra s khc bit c ngha ca mt vi
nhm c th.
7. KT CU TI
Ngoi phn m u, danh mc, kt lun, ph lc v ti liu tham kho, bo
co nghin cu khoa hc c kt cu gm 3 chng vi ni dung nh sau:
Chng 1: C s l lun
Chng 2: Thc trng mc nh hng ca s hi lng n lng trung
thnh ca nhn vin trong DN c vn u t nc ngoi.
Chng 3: Mt s gii php nng cao s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca
nhn vin trong DN c vn u t nc ngoi.
CHNG 1
C S L LUN
1.1 S HI LNG CA NHN VIN TI NI LM VIC
1.1.1 Nhu cu ca ngi lao ng
Theo t in Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia nh ngha: Nhu cu l mt
hin tng tm l ca con ngi; l i hi, mong mun, nguyn vng ca con
ngi v vt cht v tinh thn tn ti v pht trin; l yu t thc y con ngi
hot ng. Nhu cu cng cp bch th kh nng chi phi con ngi cng cao [26].
Vo nm 1943, Abraham Maslow a ra quan im v nhu cu ca con
ngi v nhng nhu cu ny c phn cp theo th bc m hnh di y. Maslow
chia nhu cu thnh 5 cp bc theo mt trt t xc nh [1 trang 7-11].
Hnh 1.1: M hnh Thp nhu cu ca Maslow [29]

Theo hc thuyt Maslow th nhng nhu cu c bn nht cn phi c tha
mn trc nhng nhu cu bc cao hn, v khi m mt nhu cu c tha mn
th n s tr nn t quan trng hn v ngi ta li hng n nhu cu bc cao hn
na [1 trang 7-11].
-
Nhu cu sinh hc (physiological needs): nhu cu v n, nc ung, khng
kh, qun o, nh , y l nhng nhu cu c bn nht v mnh nht ca con

ngi. Trong m hnh Thp nhu cu ca Maslow, nhng nhu cu ny c xp vo
bc thp nht: c bn nht. Trong mt t chc, n thng c th hin qua lng
bng, phc li.
Nhu cu an ton (safety and security): con ngi cn c mt mi trng
sng an ton m bo s tn ti ca h, bao gm c mi trng t nhin, vt l

v mi trng x hi. Nhu cu ny th hin thng qua cc yu t: chnh sch bo
him, bo h lao ng, ch khi v hu
-
Nhu cu x hi (love and belonging): th hin nhu cu c mi quan h tt
vi nhng ngi xung quanh, cc thnh vin trong nhm x hi (gia nh, gia
quyn, t chc, ngi thn, bn b) v ngc li. Trong t chc nhu cu ny th
hin qua mi quan h vi ng nghip v cp trn.
-
Nhu cu c tn trng (self-esteem): con ngi mong mun c tn trng
trong cuc sng hng ngy v trong cng vic, c i x bnh ng. Trong t
chc, nhu cu ny c p ng thng qua cc hot ng khen thng v kt qu
lm vic, s thng tin
-
Nhu cu t th hin (self-actualization): y chnh l nhu cu c s dng
ht kh nng, tim nng ca mnh t khng nh mnh, lm vic, t cc thnh

qu trong x hi. Trong t chc nhu cu ny c tha mn thng qua vic to ra
cc c hi cho nhn vin c iu kin pht trin, sng to v t tin trong vic ra
quyt nh.
T m hnh ny cho thy nhu cu sinh l, vt cht l bc thp nht v nhu cu
t th hin l nhu cu cao nht v cng kh tha mn nht ca con ngi. Maslow
cho rng trnh t tha mn cc nhu cu i t thp n cao, khi nhu cu ny c
tha mn th tnh cht ng vin khng cn na v con ngi s ny sinh nhu cu
bc cao hn. Do , nh qun l cn bit c nhn vin mnh ang cp bc nhu
cu no c th tc ng thch hp nhm tha mn cc nhu cu cho h.
c xy dng trn c s ca Thp nhu cu Maslow, thuyt ERG ca gio s
Clayton Alderfer l mt b sung v sa i thnh cng cho l thuyt trn - cng
ch ra rng thng xuyn c nhiu hn mt nhu cu c th nh hng v tc ng
trong cng mt con ngi, vo cng mt thi gian. Nu nhng nhu cu mc cao
khng c p ng th khao kht tha mn nhng nhu cu di (ca m
hnh) s tng cao [27].
10
Thuyt ERG nhn ra ba kiu nhu cu chnh ca con ngi:

-
Nhu cu tn ti (Existence needs): c mun khe mnh v thn xc v tinh
thn, c p ng y cc nhu cu cn bn sinh tn nh cc nhu cu sinh l,

n, mc, , i li, hc hnhv nhu cu an ton.
-
Nhu cu giao tip (Relatedness needs): c mun tho mn trong quan h
vi mi ngi. Mi ngi u c nhng ham mun thit lp v duy tr cc mi

quan h c nhn khc nhau. Nhu cu giao tip bao gm nhu cu x hi v mt phn
nhu cu c tn trng (nhu cu t trng c tha mn t bn ngoi).
-
Nhu cu pht trin (Growth needs): c mun tng trng v pht trin c
nhn trong c cuc sng v cng vic. Cc cng vic, chuyn mn v cao hn na
l s nghip ring s m bo p ng ng k s tha mn ca nhu cu pht trin,
n bao gm nhu cu t th hin v mt phn nhu cu c tn trng (nhu cu t
trng c tha mn t bn trong).
Thuyt ERG ca gio s Clayton Alderfer khc Thp nhu cu Maslow ch
ng cho rng: Ti cng mt thi im c th c nhiu nhu cu nh hng n s
ng vin Khi mt nhu cu cao hn khng th c tha mn th mt nhu cu
bc thp hn sn sng phc hi [27]. Do vy, thuyt ERG gii thch c l
do cc nhn vin hay tm kim mc lng cao hn v iu kin lm vic tt hn
mc d nhng iu kin ny hin ti tt v t tiu chun theo quy nh. Khi
nhn vin cha cm thy tha mn vi nhu cu giao tip v nhu cu tng trng
hin ti, h s tm cch tha mn.
Nh vy, qua hai l thuyt trn c th thy c nhu cu ca con ngi kh
phong ph v v tn. Xt v mt qun l, khng nh qun tr no c th kim sot
c tt c nhu cu ca nhn vin mnh, m h ch c th tm hiu v p ng mt
s nhu cu c lin quan n hiu qu lm vic ca c nhn. T , gip cho nhn
vin cm thy hi lng hn, lm vic hiu qu hn v tng lng trung thnh i vi
t chc.
11
1.1.2 S hi lng ca nhn vin

1.1.2.1 Khi nim v s hi lng ca nhn vin
Theo t in Bch khoa ton th m Wikipedia nh ngha: S hi lng trong
cng vic l mt trng thi cm xc thch th c c t kt qu nh gi cng vic
ca mt c nhn, l mt phn ng cm xc vi cng vic. S hi lng trong cng
vic cho thy mt c nhn bng lng nh th no vi cng vic ca ngi [20].
S hi lng trong cng vic ca nhn vin bt ngun t s so snh kt qu thu
c qua qu trnh lao ng, cng hin vi k vng ca h. Mc hi lng ph
thuc vo s khc bit gia kt qu nhn c v s k vng: nu kt qu thc t
thp hn k vng th h khng hi lng, nu kt qu thc t tng xng vi k
vng th h s hi lng, nu kt qu thc t cao hn k vng th h rt hi lng. Tuy
nhin, vic so snh khng ch xy ra khi thu c kt qu ca qu trnh lao ng m
hu nh din ra lin tc trong sut qu trnh lm vic [1 trang 6].
1.1.2.2 L thuyt v s hi lng trong cng vic
Trn th gii c kh nhiu hc thuyt nghin cu v s hi lng trong cng
vic, trong c mt s hc thuyt ng ch sau y:
a. Thuyt v hai nhn t ca Herzberg [1 trang 11-12]:
Frederick Herzberg l nh tm l hc ngi M, cha ca thuyt hai nhn t
(1959). Hc thuyt ny v ang c cc nh qun l DN p dng rng ri.
xy dng hc thuyt hai nhn t, Herzberg tin hnh phng vn 203 nhn
vin k ton v k s ti M. Vic la chn hai i tng trn phng vn c
l gii bi tm quan trng ca cc ngh ny trong hot ng kinh doanh ti M.
Pht hin ca Herzberg to ra mt s ngc nhin ln v n o ln nhn thc
thng thng: Cc nh qun l thng cho rng i ngc vi s tha mn l bt
mn v ngc li, nhng Herzberg li cho rng i nghch vi s bt mn khng
phi l tha mn m l khng bt mn v i nghch vi tha mn khng phi l bt
mn m l khng tha mn. Cc nhn t lin quan n s tha mn i vi cng
vic c gi l nhn t ng vin (Motivator) nhn t bn trong. Cc nhn t
lin quan n bt mn c gi l cc nhn t duy tr (Hygiene Factors) nhn t
bn ngoi.
12
Nhn t ng vin l tc nhn ca s tha mn, s hi lng trong cng vic,
nh:
t kt qu mong mun.
S tha nhn ca t chc, lnh o v ng nghip.
Trch nhim.
S tin b, thng tin trong ngh nghip.
S tng trng nh mong mun.
-
Nhn t duy tr l tc nhn ca s bt mn ca nhn vin trong cng vic ti
mt t chc, c th l do:
Ch , chnh sch ca t chc.
S gim st trong cng vic khng thch hp.
Cc iu kin lm vic khng p ng mong i ca nhn vin.
Lng bng v cc khon th lao khng ph hp hoc cha ng
nhiu nhn t khng cng bng.
Quan h vi ng nghip c vn .
Quan h vi cc cp (cp trn, cp di) khng t c s hi lng.
i vi cc nhn t ng vin, nu c gii quyt tt s to ra s tha mn t
ng vin ngi lao ng lm vic tch cc, chm ch hn. Nhng nu khng
c gii quyt tt th to ra tnh trng khng tha mn ch cha chc gy bt mn.
Trong khi i vi cc nhn t duy tr nu gii quyt khng tt s to ra s bt
mn, nu gii quyt tt s to ra tnh trng khng bt mn ch cha chc c tnh
trng tha mn.
Hc thuyt ny gip cho cc nh qun tr bit c cc yu t gy ra s bt
mn cho nhn vin v t tm cch loi b nhng nhn t ny. V d, nhn vin
c th bt mn vi cng vic ca h v mc lng qu thp, cp trn gim st qu
nghim khc, quan h vi ng nghip khng tt. Nh vy, nh qun tr phi tm
cch ci thin mc lng, gim bt gim st v xy dng tnh ng nghip tt hn.
Tuy nhin khi cc nhn t gy bt mn c loi b th cng khng c ngha l
nhn vin s hi lng. Nu mun ng vin nhn vin, lm cho h hi lng trong
13
cng vic th ngi qun tr cn ch trng n nhng yu t nh s thnh t, s

tha nhn v giao vic. V d, nhn vin s cm thy hi lng vi cng vic khi h
c giao vic ng kh nng v tnh cch ca mnh, c c hi c hc tp, nng
cao k nng ngh nghip v c thng tin.
b. L thuyt k vng ca Vroom [1 trang 13-14]:
L thuyt k vng c xut bi Victor Vroom vo nm 1964. Khc vi
Maslow v Herzberg, Vroom khng tp trung nhiu vo nhu cu, m ch yu tp
trung vo kt qu. Maslow v Herzberg nghin cu da trn mi quan h gia nhu
cu ni ti v n lc to ra kt qu nhm tha mn nhu cu ni ti , cn Vroom
li tch bit gia n lc (pht sinh t ng lc), hnh ng v hiu qu. ng cho
rng hnh vi v ng c lm vic ca con ngi khng nht thit c quyt nh
bi hin thc m n c quyt nh bi nhn thc ca con ngi v nhng k
vng ca h trong tng lai.
L thuyt ny xoay xung quanh ba khi nim c bn hay ba mi lin h:
-
Expectancy (K vng): L nim tin rng n lc (effort) s dn n kt qu
tt. Khi nim ny chu nh hng bi cc nhn t nh sau:

S sn c ca cc ngun lc ph hp (thi gian, con ngi)
K nng thc hin.
S h tr cn thit thc hin nhim v (thng tin, s gim st, nh
hng)
-
Instrumentality (Tnh cht cng c): L nim tin rng kt qu tt s dn n
phn thng xng ng. Khi nim ny c th hin qua mi quan h gia hnh
ng (performance) v phn thng (rewards), c th b nh hng bi cc nhn t
nh:
S r rng trong mi lin kt gia hiu qu lm vic v phn thng
ngi lao ng c nhn.
Tin tng s cng bng ca ngi c quyn quyt nh thng/ pht.
Tin tng vo tnh minh bch trong vic quyt nh thng/ pht.
14
Valence (Ha tr): Phn nh mc quan trng ca phn thng i vi
ngi thc hin cng vic. Khi nim ny c th hin qua mi quan h gia phn
thng v mc tiu c nhn (personal goals). Cc nhn t nh hng n ha tr:
N lc khuyn khch lm vic.
Hiu qu cng vic t c tng xng vi phn thng nhn c.
S quan tm n nhng kt qu/ phn thng m c nhn nhn c.
Hnh 1.2: M hnh l thuyt k vng ca Vroom [22]

Vroom cho rng ngi lao ng ch c ng vin khi nhn thc ca h v
c ba khi nim hay ba mi quan h trn l tch cc. Ni cch khc l khi h tin
rng n lc ca h s cho ra kt qu tt hn, kt qu dn n phn thng xng
ng v phn thng c ngha v ph hp vi mc tiu c nhn ca h.
V L thuyt k vng c xy dng da trn s nhn thc ca ngi lao
ng, nn c kh nng xy ra trng hp l cng lm cng mt cng ty vi cng
mt v tr nh nhau nhng c ng lc lm vic khng ging nhau, do nhn thc v
cc khi nim trn khc nhau. V d, mt nhn vin mun thng tin trong cng
vic, th vic thng chc c hp lc cao i vi ngi nhn vin . Mt nhn vin
tin rng khi mnh lm vic tt s c nh gi cao, th nhn vin ny c mc mong
i cao, ngc li ngi nhn vin s khng xy dng s mong i cho mnh nu
khng tin tng kt qu cng vic ca mnh c lnh o ghi nhn.
ng dng l thuyt ny vo thc tin c th thy mun ngi lao ng c
ng lc hng ti mc tiu no (ph hp vi mc tiu ca t chc) th ngi
qun l phi to nhn thc cho ngi lao ng rng n lc ca h s mang li
nhng phn thng tng xng vi mong mun ca h.
15
1.1.2.3 o lng s hi lng trong cng vic

S hi lng ca nhn vin i vi cng vic c nh ngha v o lng theo
c hai kha cnh:
o lng chung bng mt cu hi: s hi lng chung i vi cng vic.
o lng s hi lng i vi tng yu t thnh phn ca cng vic v tp
hp li.
Nghin cu s hi lng chung gip cho cc nh qun tr c ci nhn khi qut
v s hi lng chung ca ton th cn b, cng nhn vin i vi t chc.
V o lng chung s hi lng ca nhn vin i vi cng vic, qua qu trnh
tho lun nhm vi cc nhn vin trong cc cng ty c vn u t nc ngoi,
nhm tc gi xut nhng bin quan st sau:
-
Nhn vin vui lng khi nhng c gng ca mnh gp phn thc hin c
mc tiu ra ca cng ty
-
Nhn chung cng ty thu hiu v tha mn c nhng nhu cu, nguyn
vng ca nhn vin

-
Nhn vin t ho khi mnh l mt thnh vin ca cng ty
Nhn vin cm thy hi lng khi lm vic ti cng ty mnh

Bn cnh , vic nghin cu s hi lng theo cc yu t thnh phn ca cng
vic s gip cc nh qun tr hiu r hn v cc c im thnh phn ca cng vic

tc ng n s hi lng ca nhn vin.
C rt nhiu nghin cu v s hi lng ca nhn vin theo nhiu cch tip cn
khc nhau v cch phn loi thnh phn yu t cng vic cng khc nhau:
Thang o m t cng vic (Job Descriptive Index JDI) do Smith (1969)
thit lp [7 trang 9-10]. Thang o ny c nh gi rt cao v c l thuyt v
thc tin, bao gm nm yu t:
-
Bn cht cng vic.
C hi o to v thng tin.
Lnh o.
ng nghip.
Tin lng.
16
Cch phn loi ny phn nh y cc kha cnh cng vic nhn vin tip xc.
Cng nghin cu v mng nhn s, ti Vit Nam, tc gi Kim Dung p
dng thang o JDI gm nm yu t ng vin nh nu trn, ng thi xut
b sung thm hai yu t Phc li v iu kin lm vic. Kt qu nghin cu cho
thy hai yu t ny trong tnh hnh thc t ti Vit Nam m bo tin cy v nng
cao gi tr ca thang o [3].
Foremans Facts (Vin quan h lao ng NewYork, 1946) [19] tip cn theo
mt cch khc, theo s hi lng ca nhn vin bao gm s hi lng v mi yu
t ng vin:
-
K lut kho lo (Tactful Discipline).
S ng cm vi cc vn c nhn ngi lao ng (Sympathetic help on
personal problems).
-
Cng vic th v (Interesting work).
c tng tc v chia s trong cng vic (Feeling of Being In On Things).
An ton trong cng vic (Job security).
iu kin lm vic (Good working conditions).
Lng (Good wages).
c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin (Full appreciation for
work done).
-
Trung thnh c nhn i vi cp trn (Personal Loyalty of Manager).
Thng tin v pht trin ngh nghip (Promotion/growth opportunities).

M hnh ny c u im rt ln l phn loi c th hn cc kha cnh c th
nh hng n s hi lng ca nhn vin, gip cho nh qun tr c th hiu r tm

quan trng ca tng yu t theo cm nhn ca nhn vin, t khuyn khch, ng
vin nhn vin lm vic tt hn.
M hnh Mi yu t ng vin c rt nhiu nh nghin cu s dng cho
ti nghin cu ca mnh: Kovach (1980,1984), Bob Nelson, Blanchard Training
& Development (1991), Silverthorne (1992), Sheryl & Don Grimme GHR Training
Solutions (1997-2001), Cynthian D. Fisher & Anne Xue Ya Yuan (1998) s dng
nghin cu trn nhiu nc nh Trung Quc, i Loan, M, Nga [8 trang 6-9].
17
Trong Bng 1.1 c th thy s khc bit v quan im v cch nhn nhn mc
quan trng ca 10 yu t trn, trong khi ngi Trung Quc coi yu t Trung
thnh c nhn i vi t chc l hon ton quan trng th theo s nh gi ca
ngi M l khng quan trng (ch xp v tr th 8 trong 10 yu t) Nguyn
nhn ch yu dn n s khng thng nht trong nh gi v cm nhn ca ngi
lao ng trn nhiu nc c th l do s khc bit v vn ha, phong tc, tp qun,
tn ngng, th ch chnh tr, trnh pht trin kinh t gia cc quc gia.
Bng 1.1: Xp hng ca ngi lao ng ti cc nc v 10 yu t ng vin [15]
Yu t
K lut kho lo
S thng cm vi
cc vn c nhn
ngi lao ng
Cng vic th v
c tng tc v
chia s thng tin
trong cng vic
An ton cng vic
Lng / thu nhp
cao
iu kin lm vic
y
c nh gi y
cc cng vic
thc hin
Trung thnh c
nhn i vi t
chc
Thng tin v pht
trin ngh nghip
Trung Quc
(Cynthia D.
F&Anne X.
Y.Y, 1998)
9
M
(Silverthorne
, 1992)
M
(Kovach,
1994)
i Loan
(Silverthorne,
1992)
Nga
(Silverthorne,
1992)
10
10
10
10
10
Nhn chung, m hnh Mi yu t ng vin th hin chi tit cc yu t m

nh qun tr c th tc ng n nhn vin so vi cc m hnh khc, n cng phn
nh c cc yu t cm xc ca nhn vin nh S ng cm cc vn c nhn,
c tng tc v chia s mi thng tin trong cng vic.
l l do trong bi nghin cu ny, nhm tc gi s dng m hnh Mi
yu t ng vin ca Foremans Facts, ng thi thng qua nghin cu nh tnh
xut thm hai yu t l Mi quan h vi ng nghip v Trao quyn cho ph
18
hp vi iu kin thc t trong DN c vn u t nc ngoi ti Vit Nam, c th

l cc cng ty m nhm tc gi s tin hnh kho st.
1.2 LNG TRUNG THNH CA NHN VIN I VI T CHC
1.2.1 Khi nim v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
Nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc l khi h cam kt gn lin vi thnh cng
ca t chc v tin rng lm vic cho t chc ny chnh l s la chn tt nht ca
h [5 trang 7].
nh ngha ni ting ca Mowday v lng trung thnh tng t nh khi nim
Duy tr trong cc nghin cu phm vi quc gia trong nhiu nm lin ca vin
Aon Consulting: nhn vin c nh li lu di vi t chc/DN; s li t
chc/DN mc d c ni khc ngh lng bng tng i hp dn hn (Stum
1999, 2001) [5 trang 7].
S trung thnh cng nm trong khi nim gn kt t chc c ph bin rng
ri trong cc nghin cu ng dng cp quc gia ti nhiu nc. Trong iu
kin Vit Nam, cc DN hu ht l va v nh, vic nghin cu s hi lng v lng
trung thnh ca nhn vin c ngha rt quan trng khi m hin nay ngun nhn lc
c xem l li th cnh tranh ca cc doanh nghip trong thi k hi nhp. Nghin
cu v s gn kt ca nhn vin i vi t chc Vit Nam ca Trn Kim Dung [3]
s dng ba yu t (s n lc; nim t ho; duy tr lng trung thnh), c ba yu
t ny u ph hp trong iu kin Vit Nam, m bo tin cy v gi tr ca
thang o. Tuy nhin, trong ti ny nhm tc gi ch nhn mnh v i su nghin
cu s hi lng trong cng vic v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc,
gip cc DN c c s nh hng c th khuyn khch, ng vin nhn vin lm
vic tt hn.
1.2.2 o lng lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc
Lng trung thnh l mt khi nim bc mt, c o lng trc tip qua cc
bin quan st. Thang o Lng trung thnh ca Aon Consulting (Stum 2001)
[8 trang 10-11] cho rng lng trung thnh c o bng cc bin quan st:
-
Nhn vin c nh lm vic lu di vi cng ty.
19
Nhn vin s li d ni khc c ngh mc lng hp dn hn.
Nhn vin xem cng ty ny nh ngi nh th hai ca mnh.

Theo m hnh thang o Lng trung thnh ca nhn vin ca Man Power
(2002) [11 trang 19], nhng tiu chun nh gi Lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
bao gm:
-
Sn lng gii thiu cng ty ca mnh nh mt ni lm vic tt.
Sn lng gii thiu cc sn phm v dch v ca cng ty.
C nh gn b lu di vi cng ty.
Quan nim v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin vn cn l mt quan im mi,
cha ph bin rng ri cc DN Vit Nam v cn gp nhiu kh khn trong vic o

lng. Ti Vit Nam, trong ti nghin cu ca mnh, tc gi Trn Kim Dung [3]
s dng thang o @ Work ca Aon Consulting (c b sung) v chng minh
tin cy ca thang o ny trong iu kin thc tin ti Vit Nam. V vy, trong
nghin cu ny, nhm tc gi s dng m hnh thang o ny o lng lng trung
thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc trong iu kin thc tin i vi DN c vn
u t nc ngoi. Thang o gm cc bin sau:
-
Nhn vin c nh lm vic lu di vi cng ty.
Nhn vin xem cng ty ny nh ngi nh th hai ca mnh.
Nhn vin sn sng ln ting bo v ti sn, danh d cho cng ty mnh.
Nhn vin s li d ni khc c ngh mc lng hp dn hn.

1.2.3 Li ch ca vic xy dng v duy tr s hi lng v lng trung thnh
ca nhn vin i vi t chc

Gi tr lng trung thnh ca nhn vin l cc k to ln, gim thiu chi ph thay
i nhn vin ch l mt v d nhn thy c, li ch ca vic gi li nhng nhn
vin c kinh nghim, ng tin cy l v gi. Thm nin cng tc, kinh nghim lm
vic, s n nh ca t chc s l nhng iu chng ta ngh ti u tin, nhng vt
ra ngoi kinh nghim c nhn s cho chng ta ci nhn ton cnh v li ch i vi
t chc ca vic xy dng v duy tr s tha mn v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
trong bi cnh ngy nay:
20
V mt doanh thu, cc nhn vin tha mn v trung thnh c khuynh hng

lm tt hn c nhng g khch hng mong i v lun c tinh thn lm vic cao
kh nng tt nht ca h. C hai c im ny u rt quan trng trong vic gi li
cho cng ty nhng khch hng trung thnh v em v doanh thu cao.
V mt chi ph, nhng nhn vin trung thnh v tha mn s li lm vic
vi cng ty lu di, t chi nhng li cho mi t i th, khng ch ng tm cng
vic mi v lun gii thiu cng ty ca mnh l mt ch lm tt. C bn thi ny
u c nh hng tch cc n pha ct chi ph trong bng cn i k ton ca cng
ty v cng ty s trnh c khon chi ng k cho vic thay th nhn vin.
Ni cch khc, thay v ch tp trung vo vic nu gi nhn vin (c gng gi
li nhng nhn vin quyt nh ngh vic), cc nh qun tr cn tch cc v ch
ng hn na trong vic tha nhn nhng li ch ca vic tm hiu, qun l v tng
cng lng trung thnh v s tha mn ca nhn vin.
Nhng bc thy cht lng ca M nh Deming (1986) v Juran (1989) nht
tr v r rng trong vic nhn thy rng vic gia tng qu trnh s hu v tha mn
cng vic s quay tr li sinh li trong c cht lng v nng sut. Nhng chuyn
gia cht lng ca Nht cng nhn mnh n tm quan trng ca nhn t con
ngi trong vic to ra mt mi trng cho s sn xut vt tri v Ishikawa
(1985) cho rng nhng t chc cht lng biu th c im qua vic ch n
lng nhn o, gio dc ngun lc con ngi, quan tm n hnh phc ca nhn
vin v to mi trng lm vic thoi mi. Ishikawa nhn mnh rng kim sot cht
lng hiu qu da vo s hiu bit ca vic iu khin con ngi. iu ny bao
gm s tha mn ca vic thc hin mt cng vic tt, s hnh phc i t s cng
tc t nhng ngi khc v t s pht trin c nhn v s thc hin [10 trang 16].
Nh vy, mc d s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin c tha
nhn l hai trong s nhng nhn t mang tnh quyt nh nht i vi s thnh cng
ca DN, vn khng c g ngc nhin khi nhn thy rng cc cng ty v t chc ang
phi i mt vi nhng thch thc gay gt v vic pht trin mt i ng nhn vin
nhit huyt v tn ty.
21
1.3 MI QUAN H GIA S HI LNG V LNG TRUNG THNH CA

NHN VIN TRONG T CHC
Bt k t chc no khi ng vin, khuyn khch nhn vin u hng n mt
mc ch cui cng l nhn vin s li lu di vi t chc, ng thi ra sc n lc
cng hin ht kh nng, nhit huyt cho t chc nhm t c mc tiu chung. V
th, mi t chc u cn c c lng trung thnh ca nhn vin gp phn vo
s thnh cng ca DN.
Mc hi lng ca nhn vin c th nh hng n quyt nh ra i hay li
lm vic ti cng ty ca nhn vin. Trong cc nghin cu ca Aon Consulting c
thc hin hng nm quy m quc gia nh nghin cu v Commitment @ Work ti
M t nm 1997, ti Canada t nm 1999, ti Anh t 2000 v ti c nm 2002 cho
thy mi quan h cht ch gia s hi lng ca nhn vin v lng trung thnh ca
h vi t chc [32]. Aon Consulting ng dng linh hot thuyt bc thang nhu cu
Maslow vo iu kin ca nn kinh t hin i v cho rng nng cao lng trung
thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc, cn tha mn nhu cu ca nhn vin:
Ti M, s tha mn nhu cu ca nhn vin c phn loi:
-
Lng v phc li.
Qun l thay i.
o to v pht trin.
Vn ha t chc v ng li pht trin.
Cn bng cuc sng.
Ti Canada v c, s tha mn ca nhn vin c phn loi theo:

-
An ton.
Phn thng.
X hi c yu mn.
o to v pht trin.
Cn bng cuc sng cng vic.
22
Ti Vit Nam, cc nghin cu ca Trn Kim Dung (2005) [3] v Nguyn

Vn ip (2007) [7] cng khng nh c mi quan h gia s hi lng v lng trung
thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc.
Nh vy, s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin c th c mi quan h
mt thit vi nhau. iu quan trng l nh qun tr cn phi bit c nhm yu t
no nh hng n s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin. S khng hi
lng trong cng vic l nguyn nhn ln nht khin nhn vin ra i, tuy nhin khi
tc ng vo s hi lng ca nhn vin, nh lnh o cn bit c u l nhng
yu t kch thch, ng vin nhn vin n lc cng hin ht kh nng ca h cho
cng ty, u l nhng yu t c th duy tr nhn vin li lu di vi t chc. T
, gip cho nh qun tr c nhng ng thi tch cc tha mn nhu cu ca nhn
vin, gip h yn tm lm vic, nng cao lng trung thnh i vi t chc, gp phn
vo s thnh cng v pht trin ca DN.
1.4 NH HNG CA C IM C NHN N S HI LNG V
LNG TRUNG THNH
Trn th gii c nhiu nghin cu chng minh rng cc c im c nhn
nh: gii tnh, tui tc, tnh trng hn nhn, trnh hc vn, chc v v thm nin
cng tc thc s c nh hng n nhu cu, s hi lng cng nh lng trung
thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc.
Cynthia D. Fisher v Anne Xue Ya Yuan trong mt nghin cu nm 1998 v
ngi lao ng Trung Quc, thy rng tui tc c nh hng rt r n mc hi
lng ca nhn vin: vi ngi lao ng di 30 tui th cng vic th v v s thng
tin, pht trin k nng l quan trng, trong khi t 30 tui tr ln th s thng tin
ng th by, v s an ton ngh nghip v s ng cm cc vn c nhn mc
quan trng cao hn so vi ngi tr tui [15].
Bn cnh , gii tnh v tnh trng hn nhn cng l yu t c tm nh hng
quan trng n ngi nhn vin. Do nh hng ca vn ha ng, ngi ph n
phi gnh nhiu trch nhim trong vic chm sc gia nh, v th s c nh hng
nht nh n s hi lng cng nh lng trung thnh ca h i vi t chc.
23
Beauregard (2007) cho rng cng c s khc bit gia ngi nhn vin tr, c thn
vi ngi nhn vin c gia nh: khong mt na nhn vin ti Anh cho rng
vic cn bng gia cng vic v trch nhim gia nh l mt vn rt ng quan
tm ca h, v nhiu ngi quyt nh t gia nh ln trn cng vic [21].
Ti Vit Nam, TS Trn Kim Dung (2005) cho rng khng c s khc bit gia
cc nhm nhn vin theo trnh hc vn nhng c s khc bit theo gii tnh, tui
tc, chc nng cng vic v thu nhp [3].
Tm li, cc c im c nhn c nh hng n suy ngh, hnh vi ngi lao
ng, t nh hng n nhu cu, mc hi lng v lng trung thnh ca h i
vi t chc. Tuy nhin, ty theo nn vn ha, a phng m mc nh hng
ca cc c im c th khc nhau. Trong nghin cu ny, nhm tc gi quyt nh
s dng cc c im c nhn: gii tnh, tui, tnh trng hn nhn, hc vn, chc
v, thm nin cng tc v thu nhp kim nh mc nh hng ca chng n
s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin trong t chc.
1.5 DOANH NGHIP C VN U T NC NGOI
1.5.1 Tng quan v DN c vn u t nc ngoi
Khon 6 iu 3 Lut u t nh ngha DN c vn u t nc ngoi l DN
do nh u t nc ngoi thnh lp, thc hin hot ng u t ti Vit Nam hoc
l DN Vit Nam do nh u t nc ngoi mua c phn, sp nhp, mua li [23].
Php lut hin hnh quy nh t chc kinh t 100% vn ca nh u t nc
ngoi hoc t chc kinh t lin doanh gia cc nh u t trong nc v nh u t
nc ngoi thnh lp DN c vn u t nc ngoi theo cc loi hnh cng ty trch
nhim hu hn, cng ty c phn, cng ty hp danh theo quy nh ca Lut Doanh
nghip [23].
DN u t nc ngoi c cc hnh thc sau [30]:
-
Hp tc kinh doanh trn c s hp ng hp tc kinh doanh.
DN lin doanh.
DN 100% vn u t nc ngoi.
24
1.5.2 Hnh thc DN lin doanh

1.5.2.1 Khi nim
DN lin doanh l DN do hai bn hoc nhiu bn hp tc thnh lp ti Vit
Nam trn c s hp ng lin doanh hoc Hip nh k gia Chnh ph nc Cng
Ha X Hi Ch Ngha Vit Nam v Chnh ph hoc l DN do DN c vn u t
hp tc vi DN Vit Nam hoc do DN lin doanh hp tc vi nh u t nc
ngoi trn c s hp ng lin doanh [25].
1.5.2.2 c im ca DN lin doanh
DN lin doanh c thnh lp theo hnh thc cng ty Trch nhim hu hn.
Mi bn lin doanh chu trch nhim trong phm vi phn vn cam kt gp vo vn
php nh ca doanh nghip. DN lin doanh c t cch php nhn theo php lut
Vit Nam, c thnh lp v hot ng k t ngy c cp Giy php u t [25].
Vn php nh ca DN lin doanh t nht phi bng 30% vn u t. i vi
cc d n xy dng cng trnh kt cu h tng, d n u t vo a bn khuyn
khch u t, d n trng rng, d n c quy m ln, t l ny c th thp hn,
nhng khng di 20% vn u t v phi c c quan cp giy php u t chp
thun. T l gp vn ca bn hoc cc bn lin doanh nc ngoi do cc bn lin
doanh tha thun, nhng khng c thp hn 30% vn php nh ca DN lin
doanh; ng thi t l gp vn cng quyt nh mc tham gia qun l DN, t l
li nhun c hng cng nh ri ro mi bn lin doanh phi gnh chu [25].
u v nhc im ca loi hnh DN lin doanh [25]:
u im:
DN lin doanh l hnh thc DN em li nhiu li th cho cc bn tham gia.
i vi nh u t Vit Nam, khi tham gia DN lin doanh, ngoi vic c phn
chia li nhun theo t l vn gp, cn c iu kin tip cn vi cng ngh hin i,
phong cch, trnh qun l kinh t tin tin. i vi bn nc ngoi, li th c
hng l c m bo kh nng thnh cng cao hn, do mi trng kinh doanh,
php l hon ton xa l, nu khng c bn Vit Nam th s gp rt nhiu kh khn.
25
Nhc im:
Tuy nhin, hnh thc lin doanh cng c s bt li l s rng buc cht ch
trong mt php nhn chung gia cc bn hon ton khc nhau khng ch v ngn
ng m cn v truyn thng, phong tc, tp qun, phong cch kinh doanh, do vy
c th pht sinh nhng mu thun khng d g gii quyt.
1.5.3 Hnh thc DN 100% vn u t nc ngoi
1.5.3.1 Khi nim
DN 100% vn u t nc ngoi l DN thuc s hu ca nh u t nc
ngoi, do nh u t nc ngoi thnh lp ti Vit Nam t qun l v t chu trch
nhim v kt qu kinh doanh [33].
1.5.3.2 c im ca DN 100% vn u t nc ngoi
DN 100% vn u t nc ngoi c thnh lp theo hnh thc Cng ty trch
nhim hu hn, c t cch php nhn theo php lut Vit Nam, c thnh lp v
hot ng k t ngy c cp giy php u t [33].
Cng nh loi hnh DN lin doanh, vn php nh ca DN 100% vn u t
nc ngoi t nht phi bng 30% vn u t. i vi cc d n xy dng cng
trnh kt cu h tng, d n u t vo a bn khuyn khch u t, d n trng
rng, d n c quy m ln, t l ny c th thp hn nhng khng di 20% vn
u t v phi c c quan cp giy php u t chp thun [33].
u v nhc im ca loi hnh DN 100% vn u t nc ngoi [33]:
u im:
-
Vn u t di hn, t bin ng.
Ch u t c ton quyn quyt nh i vi cng ty do mc u t 100%.

Nhc im:
D pht sinh bt ng trong qu trnh qun l v s dng nhn cng.
Cc chnh sch u i cha linh hot.
26
TM TT CHNG 1
Chng 1 gii thiu c s l lun v s hi lng, lng trung thnh ca nhn
vin v mi quan h ca chng; ng thi nh hng la chn m hnh nghin
cu. y l bc quan trng, t nn tng nhm tc gi thc hin cc bc tip
theo: t nghin cu nh tnh v nh lng xut m hnh nghin cu, phn tch
thc trng v tin hnh kho st thc t i n mc ch cui cng l xut mt
s gii php nhm nng cao s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin trong cc
DN c vn u t nc ngoi ti Vit Nam ni chung, l cu ni gip cc DN thng
qua c nhng ng thi tch cc khuyn khch, ng vin nhn vin cng hin
ti nng cho t chc gp phn a t chc ngy cng pht trin bn vng. Chng
ny cng trnh by nh hng ca cc c im c nhn n s hi lng v lng
trung thnh ca nhn vin.
27
CHNG 2
THC TRNG MC NH HNG CA S HI LNG
N LNG TRUNG THNH CA NHN VIN
TRONG DN C VN U T NC NGOI
2.1 TNG QUAN V CNG TY C PHN AMATA (VIT NAM)
V ti ny vt ngoi gii hn nghin cu ti Cng ty C phn Amata (Vit
Nam) ni nhm tc gi thc tp, nn nhm tc gi xin c chuyn phn ni dung
gii thiu v Cng ty sang Ph lc. (Ph lc 3)
2.2 QUY TRNH THC HIN NGHIN CU
Nghin cu c tin hnh thng qua hai giai on nh sau:
- Nghin cu nh tnh: iu chnh thang o, xy dng bng cu hi kho st.
- Nghin cu nh lng: nhm thu thp d liu ng thi tin hnh phn
tch, c lng, kim nh m hnh.
NGHIN CU NH TNH
- Nghin cu l thuyt
- Nhng nghin cu
trc y v s hi lng
v lng trung thnh ca
nhn vin
- Nghin cu
nh tnh
- xut m hnh
nghin cu:
+ Thang o
+ M hnh l thuyt
NGHIN CU NH LNG
xut
gii php
Kt
lun, kin
ngh
Phn tch hi
quy
M hnh
hiu chnh
- Kim nh m
hnh nghin cu:
kim nh tin
cy Cronbach
Alpha, phn tch
nhn t EFA.
Kho
st
thc t
bng
bng
cu hi
[Ngun: Quy trnh thc t nhm tc gi thc hin]

Hnh 2.1: Quy trnh nghin cu
28
2.3 NGHIN CU NH TNH

Mc ch ca nghin cu nh tnh l tm hiu cc yu t cu thnh s hi lng
v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin, ng thi iu chnh cc thang o v s hi lng
v lng trung thnh ca cc nghin cu thc hin cho ph hp vi tnh hnh thc
t trong DN c vn u t nc ngoi ti Vit Nam ni chung.
2.3.1 T chc tho lun nhm
Qua phn tch l thuyt, nhm tc gi quyt nh chn M hnh mi yu t
ng vin ca Foreman Facts (Vin quan h lao ng New York, 1946) [19]
nghin cu cc yu t nh hng n s hi lng ca nhn vin. Qua nhm tc
gi xy dng mt thang o nhp o lng s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn
vin, cng nh xem xt mc nh hng ca s hi lng n lng trung thnh.
ni dung kho st ph hp vi tnh hnh thc t, nhm tc gi tin hnh
mt cuc tho lun nhm, vi s tham gia ca 12 ngi, gm Ph Gim c Hnh
chnh Nhn s, cc nhn vin n t cc phng ban trong mt s DN c vn u
t nc ngoi: Cng ty C phn Amata (Vit Nam), Cng ty TNHH New Vit
Nam, Cng ty TNHH Young Poong Vina, Cng ty C phn nha Reliable (Vit
Nam).
Ni dung cuc tho lun:
-
Gii thiu mc ch cuc tho lun.
S dng cc cu hi m v a ra m hnh 10 yu t ng vin ca
Foreman Facts nhm tho lun cho kin v cc yu t nh hng n s hi

lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin.
-
a ra thang o nhp m nhm tc gi xy dng da trn m hnh
10 yu t ca Foreman Facts nh nhm tho lun iu chnh, b sung.

Kt qu tho lun:
Sau qu trnh trao i kin, nhm tho lun ng vi m hnh cc thnh
phn o lng s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin trong doanh nghip c
vn u t nc ngoi m nhm tc gi xut. Nhm tho lun cng ngh hiu
chnh mt s tn gi cc thnh phn thang o, ng thi xut sa i, b sung
thm mt s bin quan st (Ph lc 2).
29
2.3.2 xut m hnh thang o v cc gi thuyt nghin cu

T kt qu t c sau cuc tho lun nhm, nhm tc gi xut thang o
cc nhn t nh hng n s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin trong DN
c vn u t nc ngoi nh sau:
2.3.2.1 Cc nhn t nh hng n s hi lng v lng trung
thnh ca nhn vin
a. K lut kho lo:
K lut kho lo l khi n vn c th khin cho nhn vin b rng buc bi
nhng quy nh, lut l nhng vn cm thy hi lng v tun th theo mt cch cht
ch, t nguyn. K lut kho lo nhn mnh hn v cch thit lp quy nh, tiu
chun nh gi, sao cho nhn vin hiu v t nguyn tun th, ch khng phi l
nhng s trng pht khi vi phm.
Bng 2.1 a: Cc bin o lng K lut kho lo
K hiu
Dis1
Dis2
Dis3
Dis4
Dis5
Bin quan st
Nhn vin hiu r cc ni quy lm vic ca cng ty
Nhn vin hiu r trch nhim, quyn hn, phm vi, yu cu cng vic ca
mnh
Nhn vin hiu r tiu chun nh gi, tiu chun khen thng v k lut
Quy trnh lm vic r rng, trch nhim khng chng cho
Quy trnh thc hin cng vic ph hp vi kh nng ca nhn vin
[Ngun: Tng hp ca nhm tc gi]

Nhm tc gi a ra gi thuyt nh sau:
- H1.1: K lut kho lo tng th s hi lng ca nhn vin tng.
- H1.2: K lut kho lo tng th lng trung thnh ca nhn vin tng.
b. iu kin lm vic:
iu kin lm vic l cc yu cu v vt cht v tinh thn khi thc hin mt
cng vic no . iu kin lm vic tt l khi n mang li s thoi mi, an ton, h
tr tt cho nhn vin trong cng vic.
30
Bng 2.1 b: Cc bin o lng iu kin lm vic

K hiu
Con1
Con2
Con3
Con4
Bin quan st
C s vt cht ti ni lm vic rt tt (nh xe, phng n, v sinh)
Phng tin lm vic (my tnh, bn gh) h tr rt tt cho cng vic
Mi trng lm vic (nh sng, nhit , m, ting n) an ton, thong
mt v thoi mi
Gi gic lm vic c quy nh hp l

Trong yu t ny, cc bin quan st ch yu nhn nh v tnh trng c s vt
cht ti ni lm vic, cn cc iu kin v tha mn tinh thn cho nhn vin c
lit k trong nhng yu t khc.
- H2.1: iu kin lm vic tng th s hi lng ca nhn vin tng.
- H2.2: iu kin lm vic tng th lng trung thnh ca nhn vin tng.
c. c im cng vic:
c im cng vic l nhng yu cu ca cng vic, c th mang li s thch
thc hoc to c hi cho nhn vin hc hi, pht trin v s dng ht nng lc ca
mnh. Nhn vin c th hi lng v cng vic nu h c th pht huy ht nng lc
c nhn cho cng vic ca mnh, hoc l cm thy tin b hn mi khi hon thnh
c mt cng vic kh khn no .
Bng 2.1 c: Cc bin o lng c im cng vic
K hiu
Job1
Job2
Job3
Job4
Bin quan st
Nhn vin c th s dng tt nng lc c nhn cho cng vic ca mnh
Cng vic khng to ra p lc qu mc
Nhn vin c th cn bng gia i sng c nhn v gia nh
Cng vic th v v nhn vin yu thch cng vic ca mnh

- H3.1: c im cng vic tng th s hi lng ca nhn vin tng.
- H3.2: c im cng vic tng th lng trung thnh ca nhn vin tng.
d. Thu nhp:
Thu nhp bao gm tt c cc khon nhn vin c hng, nh lng,
thng, ph cp, phc li Thu nhp trc ht cn phi tng xng vi cng sc
31
m nhn vin b ra, gip cho nhn vin trang tri c nhng chi ph cn thit trong
cuc sng ca bn thn v gia nh. Bn cnh , chnh sch lng m bo cng
bng trong ni b cng ty v cnh tranh so vi th trng s gip nhn vin hi lng
hn.
Bng 2.1 d: Cc bin o lng Thu nhp
K hiu
Wag1
Wag2
Wag3
Wag4
Wag5
Wag6
Bin quan st
Mc lng hin ti tng xng vi nng lc ca nhn vin
Nhn vin hon ton sng tt vi mc lng hin ti
Nhn vin hi lng v mc lng ca mnh so vi mc lng cng v tr ti
cc cng ty khc
Tin lng ti cng ty c tr cng bng
Cng ty c nhiu h tr tt ngoi lng (v phc li, ph cp)
Nhn vin rt hi lng vi quy nh tng lng, phc li ti cng ty

- H4.1: Thu nhp tng th s hi lng ca nhn vin tng.
- H4.2: Thu nhp tng th lng trung thnh ca nhn vin tng.
e. c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin:
c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin l vic nhn vin c cng
nhn v xt khen thng v nhng g lm c. Vic nh gi v khen thng
kp thi, y cho thy cng ty c quan tm n qu trnh lm vic, cch lm vic
cng nh nhng cng hin ca nhn vin cho cng ty, ng thi c th gip nhn
vin nhn li, rt ra c nhng kinh nghim v nhng g c v cha c, t
sa cha sai lm v pht huy hn na nhng th mnh ca mnh.
Bng 2.1 e: Cc bin o lng c nh gi y
cc cng vic thc hin
K hiu
App1
App2
App3
App4
Bin quan st
Nhn vin nhn c s phn hi v kt qu cng vic nhanh chng, kp thi
Nhn vin c cng nhn y cc kt qu cng vic hon thnh
Kt qu cng vic ca nhn vin c nh gi hp l v cng bng
Nhn vin c khch l, khen thng khi hon thnh cng vic
32

- H5.1: c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin tng th s hi
lng ca nhn vin tng.
- H5.2: c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin tng th lng trung
thnh ca nhn vin tng.
f. Mi quan h vi cp trn:
Mi quan h vi cp trn, hay ni cch khc l s tng tc qua li gia nhn
vin vi cp trn trc tip trong cng vic.
Nhn vin hi lng v cp trn v trung thnh khi cp trn l ngi lim chnh,
cng bng, thn thin, bit lng nghe v tn trng nhn vin. Ty vo cch qun l
ca mnh, cp trn c th kch thch nhn vin lm vic tt hn hoc ngc li. S
hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi cp trn th hin mt phn qua
suy ngh, s n phc ca nhn vin v ngi sp ca mnh.
Bng 2.1 f: Cc bin o lng Mi quan h vi cp trn
K hiu
Man1
Man2
Man3
Man4
Man5
Bin quan st
Nhn vin n phc nng lc ca cp trn
Cp trn lun ng vin, h tr nhn vin khi cn thit
Cp trn thn thin, lun lng nghe kin v tn trng nhn vin
Cp trn lun i x cng bng vi nhn vin cp di
Cp trn lun thng bo kp thi v nhng thay i trong cng ty

- H6.1: Mi quan h vi cp trn tng th s hi lng ca nhn vin tng.
- H6.2: Mi quan h vi cp trn tng th lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
tng.
g. S thng tin v pht trin ngh nghip:
Trong thc t, ngoi nhng nhu cu no v vt cht, nhu cu c tn trng
lun dnh v tr rt ln trong mc tiu sng ca hu ht mi ngi, m biu hin ca
n chnh l c thng tin trong cuc i, s nghip. S thng tin v pht trin
ngh nghip, tc l ngi nhn vin c c hi t c mt v tr cao hn trong tp
th, c c s tha nhn, n trng ca nhiu ngi. Lc , con ngi s tha mn
nhu cu c tn trng.
33
Bng 2.1 g: Cc bin o lng S thng tin v pht trin ngh nghip
K hiu
Pro1
Pro2
Pro3
Pro4
Pro5
Bin quan st
Nhn vin c gii thiu v nh hng cng vic r rng trong ngy u
tin lm vic
Cng ty thng xuyn m cc lp o to nng cao k nng lm vic
Kin thc t cc kha hc gip nhn vin lm vic hiu qu hn
Cng ty nu r tiu chun, quy nh c thng tin
Cng ty lun to c hi thng tin cho ngi c nng lc

S thng tin v pht trin ngh nghip chnh l mt trong nhng ng lc
thc y ngi lao ng lm vic. Ngi lnh o nn to ra nhng c hi o to
nng cao k nng lm vic cho nhn vin, cng nh nu r nhng quy nh, tiu
chun thng tin cho nhn vin r, khuyn khch h n lc lm vic bng mt phn
thng xng ng l cp bc cao hn v s n trng t nhng nhn vin khc trong
cng ty
- H7.1: S thng tin v pht trin ngh nghip tng th s hi lng ca
nhn vin tng.
- H7.2: S thng tin v pht trin ngh nghip tng th lng trung thnh
ca nhn vin tng.
h. S thng cm cc vn c nhn:
i khi gp kh khn trong cuc sng c nhn v gia nh, iu ny nh
hng t nhiu n nng sut lm vic ca nhn vin. Nh lnh o cn nm bt
c tm l ny, thng cm v ng vin nhn vin vt qua. Khi c quan tm,
nhn vin s p li bng s cng hin kh nng ca mnh cho t chc v gia tng
s hi lng v lng trung thnh vi t chc.
Bng 2.1 h: Cc bin o lng S thng cm cc vn c nhn
K hiu
Sym1
Sym2
Sym3
Sym4
Bin quan st
Nhn vin nhn c s quan tm ca cp trn n tnh trng sc khe, tinh
thn cng nh nhng s kin ca c nhn
Nhn vin lun nhn c s ng vin, chia s mi khi cn li khuyn
Nhn vin c to iu kin hoc gip gii quyt kh khn c nhn
Nhn vin c linh hot v gi gic khi thc hin cng vic
34

- H8.1: S thng cm cc vn c nhn tng th s hi lng ca nhn vin
tng.
- H8.2: S thng cm cc vn c nhn tng th lng trung thnh ca
nhn vin tng.
i. c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng vic:
c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng vic c ngha l nhn vin
c tham gia trao i kin, tranh lun v xut bin php gii quyt vn , ln
k hoch, chia s tng, kinh nghim lm vic. iu ny th hin trc ht qua
vic nhn vin c chia s v hiu c s mng, mc tiu ca DN, cng nh cc
thng tin quan trng v cng ty.
Bng 2.1 i: Cc bin o lng c tng tc
v chia s thng tin trong cng vic
K hiu
Bei1
Bei2
Bei3
Bei4
Bin quan st
Nhn vin c chia s v hiu rt r s mng, cc mc tiu chin lc ca
cng ty
Nhn vin c cp trn chia s thng tin quan trng v cng ty ( tng ca
cp trn, nhn nh ca cp trn)
Nhn vin c hi kin, trao i, tham gia gii quyt nhng vn quan
trng ca cng ty c lin quan n mnh (quy trnh lm vic)
Nhn vin hiu c mt cch tng i tm quan trng ca cng vic mnh
ang lm so vi tng th hot ng ca cng ty

- H9.1: c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng vic tng th s hi
lng ca nhn vin tng.
- H9.2: c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng vic tng th lng
trung thnh ca nhn vin tng.
j. Cng vic c m bo:
Cng vic c m bo gip nhn vin cm thy an tm, hi lng v tp
trung vo cng vic khi DN c tnh hnh hot ng tt, hoc cm nhn c vai tr
ca mnh i vi t chc l quan trng.
35
Bng 2.1 j: Cc bin o lng Cng vic c m bo

K hiu
Sec1
Sec2
Sec3
Bin quan st
Vai tr ca nhn vin i vi cng ty l quan trng
Cng vic n nh, nhn vin khng lo lng v vic c kh nng b sa thi
Tnh hnh kinh doanh ca cng ty n nh, pht trin tt

- H10.1: Cng vic c m bo tng th s hi lng ca nhn vin tng.
- H10.2: Cng vic c m bo tng th lng trung thnh nhn vin tng.
k. Mi quan h vi ng nghip:
Cng nh mi quan h vi cp trn, mi quan h vi ng nghip cng gp
mt phn vo vic lm tng hoc gim s hi lng ca nhn vin i vi t chc.
Bng 2.1 k: Cc bin o lng Mi quan h vi ng nghip
K hiu
Col1
Col2
Col3
Col4
Bin quan st
Khng kh lm vic lun vui v, thoi mi, thn thin
Nhn vin thch lm vic chung vi cc ng nghip ca mnh
Nhn vin hc hi c nhiu iu t ng nghip
Khi nhn vin gp kh khn, ng nghip s c gng gip

- H11.1: Mi quan h vi ng nghip tng th s hi lng ca nhn vin tng.
- H11.2: Mi quan h vi ng nghip tng th lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
tng.
l. Trao quyn:
Trao quyn l mt hnh ng ng h nhn vin bc l ra kh nng ca mnh,
t gii quyt v cng t chu trch nhim trc nhng vic mnh lm. Nhn vin s
cm thy mnh c kh nng, mnh c th hin v c tinh thn trch nhim cao
hn i vi cng vic, cng nh hi lng hn khi c cp trn tin tng.
Bng 2.1 l: Cc bin o lng Trao quyn
K hiu
Emp1
Emp2
Emp3
Bin quan st
Cp trn phn cng cng vic v nhn vin t thc hin
Cp trn tin v trao cho nhn vin quyn ra quyt nh
Cp trn tin vo s nh gi kt qu cng vic ca nhn vin
36

- H12.1: Trao quyn tng th s hi lng ca nhn vin tng.
- H12.2: Trao quyn tng th lng trung thnh ca nhn vin tng.
2.3.2.2 Thang o s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
Bng 2.1 m: Cc bin o lng S hi lng
K hiu
Sat1
Sat2
Sat3
Sat4
Bin quan st
Nhn vin vui lng khi nhng c gng ca mnh gp phn thc hin c
mc tiu ra ca cng ty
Nhn chung cng ty thu hiu v tha mn c nhng nhu cu, nguyn
vng ca nhn vin
Nhn vin t ho khi mnh l mt thnh vin ca cng ty
Nhn vin cm thy hi lng khi lm vic ti cng ty mnh

Bng 2.1 n: Cc bin o lng Lng trung thnh
K hiu
Loy1
Loy2
Loy3
Loy4
Bin quan st
Nhn vin c nh lm vic lu di ti cng ty
Nhn vin xem cng ty nh ngi nh th hai ca mnh
Nhn vin sn sng ln ting bo v danh d, ti sn cho cng ty mnh
Nhn vin s li d ni khc c ngh mc lng hp dn hn

Nhm tc gi xut gi thuyt nh sau:
- H1: S hi lng tng th lng trung thnh ca nhn vin tng.
37
2.3.3 xut m hnh nghin cu

Da vo kt qu t nghin cu nh tnh, nhm tc gi xut m hnh l
thuyt cho nghin cu ny nh sau:
Cc yu t c nhn (tui, gii tnh,

tnh trng hn nhn, hc vn, chc
v, thm nin cng tc v thu nhp)
K lut kho lo
iu kin lm vic
S
Cng vic th v
HI
Thu nhp
LNG
c nh gi y cc cng vic
Mi quan h vi cp trn
S thng tin v pht trin ngh nghip
S ng cm cc vn c nhn
S tng tc, chia s trong cng vic
Cng vic c m bo
Mi quan h vi ng nghip
LNG
TRUNG
THNH
Trao quyn
p
[Ngun: M hnh nghin cu xut ca nhm tc gi]

Hnh 2.2: M hnh nghin cu
2.4 NGHIN CU NH LNG
Mc ch nhm kim nh m hnh l thuyt t ra, cc gi thuyt, cc mi
quan h c gi nh trong phn nghin cu nh tnh; nghin cu cc yu t tc
ng n s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc, o lng
mc nh hng ca s hi lng n lng trung thnh ca nhn vin; ng thi
xem xt mc nh hng ca cc c im c nhn n s hi lng v lng trung
thnh ca nhn vin.
38
Nghin cu c tin hnh ti Cng ty C phn Amata (Vit Nam) i din

cho nhm DN dch v c vn u t nc ngoi; v cc Cng ty TNHH New Vit
Nam, Cng ty C phn nha Reliable (Vit Nam), Cng ty TNHH Young Poong
Vina cc cng ty sn xut 100% vn u t nc ngoi, thuc KCN Amata, thng
qua mt cuc kho st nhn vin thuc cc cng ty trn bng Bng cu hi s dng
thang o Likert 5 (Ph lc 1).
2.4.1 Thit k mu
Kch thc mu nghin cu:
Trong m hnh nghin cu trn, tng bin quan st l 59, nn mu ti thiu l
59 x 5 = 295. Nhm tc gi chn kch thc mu l 450 v tin hnh thu thp d
liu t hai hai nhm DN: mt bn l nhm DN dch v (mu kho st 100 ngi),
mt bn l nhm DN sn xut (mu kho st 350 ngi).
Phng php chn mu:
Trong nghin cu ny, mu c chn theo c hai phng php xc sut v
phi xc sut [14 trang 23-34]:
i vi Cng ty C phn Amata (Vit Nam) i din cho nhm DN
FDI dch v, l ni nhm tc gi thc tp, do c iu kin tm hiu v ngun
nhn lc Cng ty nn nhm tc gi tin hnh chn mu theo phng php xc sut
(chn mu phn tng).
i vi nhm DN FDI sn xut, nhm tc gi tin hnh chn mu
theo phng php chn mu phi xc sut (chn mu thun tin) d dng tip cn
v thu thp thng tin t nhng ngi ng tham gia kho st ti cc cng ty ny,
nh vy s t tn thi gian v chi ph thu thp thng tin hiu qu.
i tng phng vn: qun l cp trung (trng, ph phng), qun l cp
c s (t trng, chuyn vin), nhn vin, cng nhn lm vic ti cc cng ty trn.
2.4.2 Thu thp, cp nht v lm sch d liu
Nhm tc gi tin hnh kho st thc t vi s phiu pht ra l 450 phiu, v
thu li c 438 phiu. Sau qu trnh kim tra, loi b s phiu c qu nhiu
trng, hoc nh nhiu phng n trong cng mt pht biu, hoc nh tt c cc
pht biu vi cng mt p n, nhm tc gi cn li 417 phiu.
39
Cc phiu tr li c m ha, nhp liu v lm sch d liu trn phn mm

SPSS 16.0.
2.4.3 Thng k m t mu nghin cu
2.4.3.1 Thng k m t mu theo cc c im c nhn
Bng 2.2: Thng k mu theo cc c im c nhn
Mu: n = 417
Gii tnh
Nam
N
Tui
Di 30 tui
T 30 40 tui
Trn 40 tui
Trnh hc vn
THPT
Trung cp
Cao ng
i hc
Trn i hc
Tnh trng hn nhn
Cha lp gia nh
lp gia nh
Thm nin cng tc
Di 3 nm
3 di 5 nm
5 di 10 nm
10 di 15 nm
15 nm tr ln
Chc danh hin ti
Qun l cp trung
T trng, chuyn vin
Nhn vin
Cng nhn
Thu nhp/ thng
Di 4 triu ng
4 di 6 triu ng
6 di 8 triu ng
8 triu ng tr ln
Nhm DN FDI dch v

n = 95
Tn s
%
% tch ly
Nhm DN FDI sn xut

n = 322
Tn s %
% tch ly
60
35
63.2
36.8
63.2
100.0
128
194
39.8
60.2
39.8
100.0
20
38
37
21.1
40.0
38.9
21.1
61.1
100.0
154
120
48
47.8
37.3
14.9
47.8
85.1
100.0
51
10
0
32
2
53.7
10.5
0.0
33.7
2.1
53.7
64.2
64.2
97.9
100.0
193
16
16
97
0
59.9
5.0
5.0
30.1
0.0
59.9
64.9
69.9
100.0
100.0
21
74
22.1
77.9
22.1
100.0
141
181
43.8
56.2
43.8
100.0
12
22
33
17
11
12.6
23.2
34.7
17.9
11.6
12.6
35.8
70.5
88.4
100.0
105
123
89
5
0
32.6
38.2
27.6
1.6
0.0
32.6
70.8
98.4
100.0
100.0
4
2
89
0
4.2
2.1
93.7
0.0
4.2
6.3
100.0
100.0
14
28
111
169
4.3
8.7
34.5
52.5
4.3
12.9
47.5
100.0
47
16
25
7
49.5
16.8
26.3
7.4
49.5
66.3
92.6
100.0
138
97
83
4
42.9
30.1
25.8
1.2
42.9
73.0
98.8
100.0
[Ngun: iu tra thc t ca nhm tc gi,thng 3/2012]
40
2.4.3.2 Thng k m t v cc nhn t nh hng n s hi lng v

lng trung thnh ca nhn vin (Ph lc 4)
Kt qu thng k cho thy, nhn vin nh gi cc nhn t t rt thp n rt
cao. Ngha l, vi cng mt pht biu, c nhn vin hon ton khng ng nhng
cng c nhn vin hon ton ng . iu ny c th l gii c l do mu thu
nhp trn hai doanh nghip khc nhau m mi doanh nghip c cc chnh sch qun
l nhn s khc nhau.
Nhn chung, nhn vin thuc nhm DN FDI dch v c mc ng i vi
cc pht biu cao hn so vi nhn vin thuc nhm DN FDI sn xut, ch duy nht
yu t Thu nhp l mc ng ca h thp hn, tc l h khng hi lng lm
v Thu nhp ca h.
2.4.3.3 Thng k m t v s hi lng ca nhn vin (Ph lc 4)
Trong phn ny, i vi cc bin Sat1, Sat2, Sat4 nhn vin thuc nhm DN
FDI dch v c mc ng cao hn, tuy nhin vi bin Sat3: Anh ch t ho
khi mnh l mt thnh vin ca cng ty th mc ng ca h li thp hn cc
nhn vin bn nhm DN FDI sn xut.
2.4.3.4 Thng k m t v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin (Ph lc 4)
Nhn chung nhn vin thuc nhm DN FDI dch v ng vi cc pht biu
v lng trung thnh cao hn nhn vin thuc nhm DN FDI sn xut. iu ny hp
l so vi mu kho st ti nhm DN FDI dch v: c nhng ngi c thm nin trn
15 nm.
41
2.4.4 Thc trng kho st s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
thuc nhm DN FDI dch v
2.4.4.1 nh gi tin cy ca thang o (Ph lc 5)
Bng 2.3: tin cy ca thang o
Thang o
K lut kho lo
iu kin lm vic
c im cng vic
Thu nhp
c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin
Mi quan h vi cp trn
S thng cm cc vn c nhn
c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng vic
Cng vic c m bo
Trao quyn
S hi lng i vi t chc
Lng trung thnh i vi t chc
S bin
quan st
5
4
4
6
4
5
5
4
4
3
4
3
4
4
tin cy
Cronbachs Alpha
0.925
0.867
0.819
0.856
0.853
0.803
0.782
0.876
0.908
0.922
0.901
0.866
0.684
0.739

Qua nh gi tin cy ca thang o bng Cronbachs Alpha, cc nhm nhn
t u cho kt qu Cronbachs Alpha trn 0.7, ngoi tr thang o S hi lng i
vi t chc c h s Cronbachs Alpha l 0.684 (chp nhn c). Cc bin quan
st u c h s tng quan bin tng (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) trn 0.4
[13 trang 21-26].
Nhm tc gi tip tc tin hnh phn tch nhn t (EFA) c th nh gi
chnh xc hn cc thang o, gip thang o m bo tnh ng nht.
2.4.4.2 Phn tch nhn t khm ph (EFA - Exploratory Factor
Analysis)
Phn tch nhn t cho bin c lp:
Vic phn tch nhn t c thc hin bng phng php Principal
Components, vi cc iu kin cn c xem xt trong kt qu x l nh sau
[13 trang 27-46]:
42
Mt l, h s KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy)
l mt ch tiu xem xt s thch hp ca EFA, 0.5 KMO 1 thch hp phn

tch nhn t.
-
Hai l, mc ngha Sig ca kim nh Bartlett 5%, cc bin c tng
quan.
-
Ba l, cc gi tr c trng (Eigenvalues) > 1, xc nh nhn t c rt ra.
Bn l, tng phng sai trch (Percentage of variance) 50%, t l gii thch
ca nhn t c rt ra.
-
Nm l, h s nhn t ti (Factor loading) 0.5 c xem l c ngha thc
tin, dng xc nh bin cn chn la theo nhn t.

Sau khi tin hnh chy phn tch nhn t, ta c cc kt qu sau (Ph lc 6):
KMO = 0.655, chng t phng php phn tch nhn t p dng l
thch hp. ng thi sig = 0.000, cho thy cc bin c s tng quan vi nhau.
Trong Ma trn xoay nhn t, nhng bin quan st c trng s < 0.5
hoc trch vo 2 nhm nhn t m khong cch chnh lch v trng s gia 2 nhm
rt nh, khng to nn s khc bit i din cho mt nhn t c th s b loi, i
vi mi bin quan st, trng s ca nhm no ln nht v ln hn 0.5 th bin quan
st thuc nhm nhn t .
Kt qu cho thy c 2 bin b loi l Man1, Bei1 do c trng s < 0.5.
Cc bin cn li c trch thnh 12 nhm nhn t:
-
Nhm 1: K lut kho lo, bao gm cc bin Dis1, Dis2, Dis3, Dis4, k
hiu nhm l DISa.

-
Nhm 2: Thu nhp, bao gm cc bin Wag1, Wag2, Wag3, Wag4, Wag5,
Wag6, k hiu nhm l WAGa.

-
Nhm 3: Mi quan h vi ng nghip, bao gm cc bin Col1, Col2,
Col3, Col4, k hiu nhm l COLa.

-
Nhm 4: Mi quan h vi cp trn, bao gm cc bin Man2, Man3, Man4,
Man5, k hiu nhm l MANa.
43
Nhm 5: iu kin lm vic, bao gm cc bin Con1, Con2, Con3, Con4,
k hiu nhm l CONa.

-
Nhm 6: c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin, bao gm cc
bin App1, App2, App3, App4, k hiu nhm l APPa.

-
Nhm 7: S thng cm cc vn c nhn, bao gm cc bin Sym1,
Sym2, Sym3, Sym4, k hiu nhm l SYMa.

-
Nhm 8: Cng vic c m bo, bao gm cc bin Sec1, Sec2, Sec3, k
hiu nhm l SECa.

-
Nhm 9: S thng tin v pht trin ngh nghip, bao gm cc bin Pro1,
Pro2, Pro3, Pro4, Pro5 k hiu nhm l PROa.

-
Nhm 10: c im cng vic, bao gm cc bin Job1, Job2, Job3, Job4,
k hiu nhm l JOBa.

-
Nhm 11: Trao quyn, bao gm cc bin Emp1, Emp2, Emp3, k hiu
nhm l EMPa.
-
Nhm 12: c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng vic, bao gm
cc bin Bei2, Bei3, Bei4, k hiu nhm l BEIa.

ng thi m hnh 12 nhm nhn t trn c tng phng sai trch l 78.252%
(t yu cu > 50%), gii thch c 78.252% bin thin ca d liu.
Phn tch nhn t cho bin ph thuc:
Xt cc iu kin tng t, theo kt qu phn tch nhn t (Ph lc 6) nhm
tc gi c cc con s sau::
KMO = 0.789
sig = 0.000
Tng phng sai trch l 64.004%
Vi 8 bin a vo x l, khng c bin no b loi v nhm tc gi c 2
nhm nhn t ph thuc sau:
-
Nhm 1: S hi lng i vi t chc, gm cc bin Sat1, Sat2, Sat3, Sat4,
k hiu nhm l SATa.
44
Nhm 2: Lng trung thnh i vi t chc, gm cc bin Loy1, Loy2,
Loy3, Loy4, k hiu nhm l LOYa.

Nhm tc gi tin hnh kim nh li tin cy cho cc nhm nhn t sau khi
chy EFA, kt qu cho thy cc nhm nhn t u t yu cu v tin cy v c
th tip tc s dng trong phn tch hi quy (Ph lc 7).
Bng 2.4: tin cy ca thang o sau khi phn tch nhn t EFA
Thang o
K lut kho lo
iu kin lm vic
c im cng vic
Thu nhp
Mi quan h vi cp trn
Cng vic c m bo
Trao quyn
S hi lng i vi t chc
S bin
quan st
5
4
4
6
4
4
5
4
3
3
4
3
4
4
tin cy
Cronbachs Alpha
0.925
0.867
0.819
0.856
0.853
0.874
0.782
0.876
0.950
0.922
0.901
0.866
0.684
0.739

2.4.4.3 Phn tch hi quy (Ph lc 8)
Cc nhn s dng trong phn tch hi quy c tnh nh sau:
COMPUTE DISa = (Dis1 + Dis2 + Dis3 + Dis4 + Dis5) /5
COMPUTE CONa = (Con1 + Con2 + Con3 + Con4) /4
COMPUTE JOBa = (Job1 + Job2 + Job3 + Job4) /4
COMPUTE WAGa = (Wag1 + Wag2 + Wag3 + Wag4 + Wag5 + Wag6) /6
COMPUTE APPa = (App1 + App2 + App3 + App4) /4
COMPUTE MANa = (Man2 + Man3 + Man4 + Man5) /4
COMPUTE PROa = (Pro1 + Pro2 + Pro3 + Pro4 + Pro5) /5
COMPUTE SYMa = (Sym1 + Sym2 + Sym3 + Sym4) /4
COMPUTE BEIa = (Bei2 + Bei3 + Bei4) /3
COMPUTE SECa = (Sec1 + Sec2 + Sec3) /3
45
COMPUTE COLa = (Col1 + Col2 + Col3 + Col4) /4

COMPUTE EMPa = (Emp1 + Emp2 + Emp3) /3
COMPUTE SATa = (Sat1 + Sat2 + Sat3 + Sat4) /4
COMPUTE LOYa = (Loy1 + Loy2 + Loy3 + Loy4) /4
Phn tch hi quy c thc hin vi phng php a vo mt lt, kt qu
hi quy c nh gi thng qua h s R2 hiu chnh Adjusted R Square (nh gi
ph hp m hnh) v kim nh F (kim nh ph hp m hnh). ng thi
tin hnh kim nh hin tng a cng tuyn thng qua xem xt chp nhn
(Tolerance) v h s phng i phng sai ca cc bin (VIF): nu Tolerance nh
v VIF > 10 l du hiu ca a cng tuyn [12 trang 236-267].
a. Phn tch hi quy v s nh hng ca cc yu t n s hi
lng ca nhn vin i vi t chc:
H s R2 hiu chnh = 0.624 0 cho thy kt qu phn tch ca m hnh
nghin cu c gi tr.
Kt qu kim nh F cho ta F = 6.772 v sig = 0.000. Bn cnh Tolerance
ca cc bin quan st u ln v VIF ca bin c gi tr ln nht l 1.862 < 10. V
vy m hnh hi quy ph hp vi tp d liu v khng c hin tng a cng tuyn.
Kt qu hi quy cho thy rng: trong 12 nhm yu t th c 3 nhm c quan h
tuyn tnh vi s hi lng ca nhn vin, l APPa (sig = 0.055), SYMa (sig =
0.037) v EMPa (sig = 0.000).
S hi lng ca nhn vin chu tc ng nhiu nht bi Trao quyn (Beta =
0.424), ln lt tip theo l S thng cm cc vn c nhn (Beta = 0.205) v
c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin (Beta = 0.190).
b. Phn tch hi quy v s nh hng ca cc yu t n lng
trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc
nghin cu c gi tr.
46

Kt qu hi quy cho thy: trong 12 nhm yu t c 3 nhm c quan h tuyn
tnh vi lng trung thnh ca nhn vin, l APPa (sig = 0.008), COLa (sig =
0.054) v EMPa (sig = 0.000).
Lng trung thnh ca nhn vin chu tc ng nhiu nht bi Trao quyn
(Beta = 0.422), ln lt tip theo l c nh gi y cc cng vic thc
hin (Beta = 0.256) v Mi quan h vi ng nghip (Beta = 0.158).
c. Phn tch hi quy v nh hng ca s hi lng n lng
nghin cu c gi tr.
Kt qu kim nh F cho ta F = 110.574 v sig = 0.000. Bn cnh
Tolerance = 1 v VIF cng = 1 (< 10). V vy m hnh hi quy ph hp vi tp d
liu v khng c hin tng a cng tuyn.
Qua kt qu hi quy, s hi lng tc ng mnh n lng trung thnh ca nhn
vin (Beta = 0.737).
d. Kt qu kim nh gi thuyt
Cc gi thuyt ca cc yu t nh hng n s hi lng ca nhn vin:
H5.1: c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin tng th s
hi lng ca nhn vin tng.
Yu t c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin c Beta = 0.190,
t = 1.945, sig = 0.000 nn gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.
H8.1: S thng cm cc vn c nhn tng th s hi lng ca
nhn vin tng.
Yu t S thng cm cc vn c nhn c Beta = 0.205, t = 2.121,
sig = 0.037 nn gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.
H12.1: Trao quyn tng th s hi lng ca nhn vin tng.
47
Yu t Trao quyn c Beta = 0.424, t = 4.252, sig = 0.000 nn gi thuyt ny

c chp nhn.
Cc gi thuyt cn li H1.1 , H2.1 , H3.1, H4.1 ,H6.1 , H7.1 , H9.1 , H10.1 , H11.1 u
b bc b.
Cc gi thuyt ca cc yu t nh hng n lng trung thnh ca nhn vin:
H5.2: c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin tng th
lng trung thnh ca nhn vin tng.
Yu t c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin c Beta = 0.256,
t = 2.724, sig = 0.008 nn gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.
H11.2: Mi quan h vi ng nghip tng th lng trung thnh ca
nhn vin tng.
Yu t Mi quan h vi ng nghip c Beta = 0.158, t = 1.956, sig = 0.000
nn gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.
H12.2: Trao quyn tng th lng trung thnh ca nhn vin tng.
Yu t Trao quyn c Beta = 0.422, t = 4.395, sig = 0.000 nn gi thuyt ny
c chp nhn.
Cc gi thuyt cn li H1.2 , H2.2 , H3.2, H4.2 ,H6.2 , H7.2 , H8.2 , H9.2 , H10.2 u
b bc b.
Gi thuyt v s nh hng ca s hi lng n lng trung thnh ca
nhn vin:
H1: S hi lng tng th lng trung thnh ca nhn vin tng.
Vi Beta = 0.737, t = 10.515, sig = 0.000 nn gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.

T phn tch hi quy, s hi lng c nh hng n lng trung thnh ca nhn
vin (thuc nhm DN FDI dch v) thng qua cc yu t: c nh gi y
cc cng vic thc hin v Trao quyn. Khi s hi lng ca nhn vin v cc
yu t ny tng, th tng ng lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi DN cng tng
ln.
2.4.4.4 M hnh hiu chnh
T kt qu phn tch hi quy vi d liu thu c t nhm DN dch v c vn
u t nc ngoi, nhm tc gi xut m hnh hiu chnh nh sau:
48
S
HI
LNG
S ng cm cc vn c nhn
Trao quyn
LNG
TRUNG
THNH
[Ngun: M hnh hiu chnh nhm tc gi thc hin]

Hnh 2.3: M hnh hiu chnh i vi nhm DN dch v
c vn u t nc ngoi
2.4.5 Thc trng kho st s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
thuc nhm DN FDI sn xut
2.4.5.1 nh gi tin cy ca thang o (Ph lc 9)
Bng 2.5: tin cy ca thang o
Thang o
K lut kho lo
iu kin lm vic
c im cng vic
Thu nhp
Mi quan h vi cp trn
Cng vic c m bo
Trao quyn
S hi lng i vi t chc
S bin
quan st
5
4
4
6
4
5
5
4
4
3
4
3
4
4
tin cy
Cronbachs Alpha
0.846
0.815
0.825
0.830
0.838
0.851
0.770
0.858
0.856
0.880
0.896
0.863
0.795
0.751
[Ngun: iu tra thc t ca nhm tc gi, thng 3/2012]
49
Qua nh gi tin cy ca thang o bng Cronbachs Alpha, cc nhm nhn

t u cho kt qu Cronbachs Alpha trn 0.7; cc bin quan st u c h s tng
quan bin tng (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) trn 0.4. Cc con s ny cho
thy cc nhm nhn t u m bo tin cy v c tip tc s dng phn
tch nhn t khm ph EFA phn sau.
2.4.5.2 Phn tch nhn t khm ph (EFA - Exploratory Factor
Analysis)
Phn tch nhn t cho bin c lp:
Sau khi tin hnh phn tch nhn t, c cc kt qu sau (Ph lc 10):
KMO = 0.740, chng t phng php phn tch nhn t p dng l
thch hp. ng thi sig = 0.000, cho thy cc bin c s tng quan vi nhau.
Kt qu cho thy c 1 bin b loi l Pro5 do c trng s < 0.5. Cc
bin cn li c trch thnh 12 nhm nhn t:
-
Nhm 1: K lut kho lo, bao gm cc bin Dis1, Dis2, Dis3, Dis4, k
hiu nhm l DISb.

-
Nhm 2: Thu nhp, bao gm cc bin Wag1, Wag2, Wag3, Wag4, Wag5,
Wag6, k hiu nhm l WAGb.

-
Nhm 3: Mi quan h vi ng nghip, bao gm cc bin Col1, Col2,
Col3, Col4, k hiu nhm l COLb.

-
Nhm 4: Mi quan h vi cp trn, bao gm cc bin Man1, Man2, Man3,
Man4, Man5, k hiu nhm l MANb.

-
Nhm 5: iu kin lm vic, bao gm cc bin Con1, Con2, Con3, Con4,
k hiu nhm l CONb.

-
Nhm 6: c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin, bao gm cc
bin App1, App2, App3, App4, k hiu nhm l APPb.

-
Nhm 7: S thng cm cc vn c nhn, bao gm cc bin Sym1,
Sym2, Sym3, Sym4, k hiu nhm l SYMb.

-
Nhm 8: Cng vic c m bo, bao gm cc bin Sec1, Sec2, Sec3, k
hiu nhm l SECb.
50
Nhm 9: S thng tin v pht trin ngh nghip, bao gm cc bin Pro1,
Pro2, Pro3, Pro4 k hiu nhm l PROb.

-
Nhm 10: c im cng vic, bao gm cc bin Job1, Job2, Job3, Job4,
k hiu nhm l JOBb.

-
Nhm 11: Trao quyn, bao gm cc bin Emp1, Emp2, Emp3, k hiu
nhm l EMPb.
-
Nhm 12: c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng vic, bao gm
cc bin Bei1, Bei2, Bei3, Bei4, k hiu nhm l BEIb.

ng thi m hnh 12 nhm nhn t trn c tng phng sai trch l 75.591%
(t yu cu > 50%), gii thch c 75.591% bin thin ca d liu.
Phn tch nhn t cho bin ph thuc:
Xt cc iu kin tng t, theo kt qu phn tch nhn t (Ph lc 10) nhm
tc gi c cc con s sau::
KMO = 0.780
sig = 0.000
Tng phng sai trch l 71.297%
Vi 8 bin a vo x l, khng c bin no b loi v nhm tc gi c 2
nhm nhn t ph thuc sau:
-
Nhm 1: S hi lng i vi t chc, gm cc bin Sat1, Sat2, Sat3, Sat4,
k hiu nhm l SATb.

-
Nhm 2: Lng trung thnh i vi t chc, gm cc bin Loy1, Loy2,
Loy3, Loy4, k hiu nhm l LOYb.

Nhm tc gi tin hnh kim nh li tin cy cho cc nhm nhn t sau khi
chy EFA, kt qu cho thy cc nhm nhn t u t yu cu v tin cy v c
th tip tc s dng trong phn tch hi quy (Ph lc 11).
51
Bng 2.6: tin cy ca thang o sau khi phn tch nhn t EFA
Thang o
K lut kho lo
iu kin lm vic
c im cng vic
Thu nhp
Mi quan h vi cp trn
Cng vic c m bo
Trao quyn
S hi lng i vi t chc
S bin
quan st
5
4
4
6
4
5
4
4
4
3
4
3
4
4
tin cy
Cronbachs Alpha
0.846
0.815
0.825
0.830
0.838
0.851
0.844
0.858
0.856
0.880
0.896
0.863
0.795
0.751

2.4.5.3 Phn tch hi quy (Ph lc 12)
Cc nhn s dng trong phn tch hi quy c tnh nh sau:
COMPUTE DISb = (Dis1 + Dis2 + Dis3 + Dis4 + Dis5) /5
COMPUTE CONb= (Con1 + Con2 + Con3 + Con4) /4
COMPUTE JOBb = (Job1 + Job2 + Job3 + Job4) /4
COMPUTE WAGb = (Wag1 + Wag2 + Wag3 + Wag4 + Wag5 + Wag6) /6
COMPUTE APPb = (App1 + App2 + App3 + App4) /4
COMPUTE MANb = (Man1 + Man2 + Man3 + Man4 + Man5) /5
COMPUTE PROb = (Pro1 + Pro2 + Pro3 + Pro4) /4
COMPUTE SYMb = (Sym1 + Sym2 + Sym3 + Sym4) /4
COMPUTE BEIb = (Bei1 + Bei2 + Bei3 + Bei4) /4
COMPUTE SECb = (Sec1 + Sec2 + Sec3) /3
COMPUTE COLb = (Col1 + Col2 + Col3 + Col4) /4
COMPUTE EMPb = (Emp1 + Emp2 + Emp3) /3
COMPUTE SATb = (Sat1 + Sat2 + Sat3 + Sat4) /4
COMPUTE LOYb = (Loy1 + Loy2 + Loy3 + Loy4) /4
52
a. Phn tch hi quy v s nh hng ca cc yu t n s hi

lng ca nhn vin i vi t chc:
nghin cu c gi tr.
Kt qu hi quy cho thy rng: trong 12 nhm yu t tc ng th c 7 nhm
c quan h tuyn tnh vi s hi lng ca nhn vin, l cc yu t WAGb (sig =
0.000), APPb (sig = 0.000), MANb (sig = 0.000), SYMb (sig = 0.001), BEIb (sig
= 0.000), SECb (sig = 0.000) v EMPb (sig = 0.000).
S hi lng ca nhn vin chu tc ng nhiu nht bi c nh gi y
cc cng vic thc hin (Beta = 0.261), ln lt tip theo l c tng
tc v chia s trong cng vic (Beta = 0.226), Thu nhp (Beta = 0.197), Mi
quan h vi cp trn (Beta = 0.186), Trao quyn (Beta = 0.170), S thng
cm cc vn c nhn (Beta = 0.151) v cui cng l Cng vic c m
bo (Beta = 0.148).
b. Phn tch hi quy v s nh hng ca cc yu t n lng
nghin cu c gi tr.
Kt qu hi quy cho thy: trong 12 nhm yu t tc ng th c 7 nhm c
quan h tuyn tnh vi s hi lng ca nhn vin, l cc yu t WAGb (sig =
0.004), APPb (sig = 0.000), MANb (sig = 0.000), SYMb (sig = 0.021), BEIb (sig
= 0.000), SECb (sig = 0.026) v EMPb (sig = 0.000).
53
Lng trung thnh ca nhn vin chu tc ng nhiu nht bi Mi quan h

vi cp trn (Beta = 0.305), ln lt tip theo l c nh gi y cc
cng vic thc hin (Beta = 0.219), c tng tc v chia s trong cng
vic (Beta = 0.201), Trao quyn (Beta = 0.180), Thu nhp (Beta = 0.135),
S thng cm cc vn c nhn (Beta = 0.097) v cui cng l Cng vic
c m bo (Beta = 0.085).
c. Phn tch hi quy v nh hng ca s hi lng n lng
nghin cu c gi tr.
Kt qu kim nh F cho ta F = 597.916 v sig = 0.000. Bn cnh
Tolerance = 1 v VIF cng = 1 (< 10). V vy m hnh hi quy ph hp vi tp d
liu v khng c hin tng a cng tuyn.
Qua kt qu hi quy, s hi lng tc ng mnh n lng trung thnh ca nhn
vin (Beta = 0.807).
d. Kt qu kim nh gi thuyt
Cc gi thuyt ca cc yu t nh hng n s hi lng ca nhn vin:
H4.1: Thu nhp tng th s hi lng ca nhn vin tng.
Yu t Thu nhp c Beta = 0. 197, t = 4.083, sig = 0. 000 nn gi thuyt ny
c chp nhn.
H5.1: c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin tng th s
hi lng ca nhn vin tng.
Yu t c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin c Beta = 0. 261,
t = 5.811, sig = 0. 000 nn gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.
H6.1: Mi quan h vi cp trn tng th s hi lng ca nhn vin
tng.
Yu t Mi quan h vi cp trn c Beta = 0. 186, t = 3.607, sig = 0. 000 nn
gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.
54
H8.1: S thng cm cc vn c nhn tng th s hi lng ca

nhn vin tng.
Yu t S thng cm cc vn c nhn c Beta = 0. 151, t = 3.508,
sig = 0. 001 nn gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.
H9.1: c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng vic tng th
s hi lng ca nhn vin tng.
Yu t c tng tc v chia s trong cng vic c Beta = 0. 226, t = 5.231,
H10.1: Cng vic c m bo tng th s hi lng ca nhn vin
tng.
Yu t Cng vic c m bo c Beta = 0. 148, t = 3.776, sig = 0. 000 nn
H12.1: Trao quyn tng th s hi lng ca nhn vin tng.
Yu t Trao quyn c Beta = 0. 170, t = 4.065, sig = 0. 000 nn gi thuyt ny
c chp nhn.
Cc gi thuyt cn li H1.1 , H2.1 , H3.1, H7.1 , H11.1 u b bc b.
Cc gi thuyt ca cc yu t nh hng n lng trung thnh ca nhn
vin:
H4.2: Thu nhp tng th lng trung thnh ca nhn vin tng.
Yu t Thu nhp c Beta = 0. 135, t = 2.904, sig = 0. 004 nn gi thuyt ny
c chp nhn.
H5.2: c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin tng th
Yu t c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin c Beta = 0. 219,
H6.2: Mi quan h vi cp trn tng th lng trung thnh ca nhn
vin tng.
Yu t Mi quan h vi cp trn c Beta = 0. 305, t = 6.132, sig = 0.000 nn
55
H8.2: S thng cm cc vn c nhn tng th lng trung thnh

ca nhn vin tng.
Yu t S thng cm cc vn c nhn c Beta = 0. 097, t = 2.322,
H9.2: c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng vic tng th
Yu t c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng vic c Beta = 0. 201,
H10.2: Cng vic c m bo tng th lng trung thnh ca nhn
vin tng.
Yu t Cng vic c m bo c Beta = 0. 085, t = 2.244, sig = 0. 026 nn
H12.2: Trao quyn tng th lng trung thnh ca nhn vin tng.
Yu t Trao quyn c Beta = 0. 180, t = 4. 473, sig = 0.000 nn gi thuyt ny
c chp nhn.
Cc gi thuyt cn li H1.2 , H2.2 , H3.2, H7.2 , H11.2 u b bc b.
Gi thuyt v s nh hng ca s hi lng n lng trung thnh ca
nhn vin:
H1: S hi lng tng th lng trung thnh ca nhn vin tng.
Vi Beta = 0.807, t = 24.452, sig = 0.000 nn gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.
T phn tch hi quy, s hi lng c nh hng n lng trung thnh ca nhn
vin (thuc nhm DN FDI sn xut) thng qua cc yu t: Mi quan h vi cp
trn, c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin, c tng tc v
chia s trong cng vic, Trao quyn, Thu nhp, S thng cm cc vn c
nhn v Cng vic c m bo. Khi s hi lng ca nhn vin v cc yu t
ny tng, th tng ng lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi DN cng tng ln.
2.4.5.4 M hnh hiu chnh
T kt qu phn tch hi quy vi d liu thu c t nhm DN sn xut c
vn u t nc ngoi, nhm tc gi xut m hnh hiu chnh nh sau:
56
Thu nhp
HI
LNG
Mi quan h vi cp trn
S ng cm cc vn c nhn
S tng tc, chia s trong cng vic
Cng vic c m bo
LNG
Trao quyn
TRUNG
THNH
[Ngun: M hnh hiu chnh nhm tc gi thc hin]

Hnh 2.4: M hnh hiu chnh i vi nhm DN sn xut
c vn u t nc ngoi
2.6 PHN TCH S KHC BIT V S HI LNG V LNG TRUNG
THNH CA NHN VIN THEO CC C IM C NHN
so snh s khc bit v mc hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
theo cc c im c nhn sau: gii tnh v tnh trng hn nhn, nhm tc gi s
dng php Kim nh trung bnh 2 mu c lp (Independent Samples T-Test)
[12 trang 134-139].
Thc hin kim nh s bng nhau ca 2 phng sai tng th (Levene Test)
trc khi kim nh trung bnh xc nh kt qu kim nh no s c s dng.
Da vo kt qu ca Levenes test, xem xt kt qu kim nh t. Nu gi tr
Sig. trong kim nh Levene <0.05, c s khc bit gia 2 phng sai, lc s s
dng kt qu kim nh phn Equal variances not assumed. Ngc li, nu gi tr
Sig. >=0.05, khng c s khc bit gia 2 phng sai, lc s dng kt qu kim
nh phn Equal variances assumed.
57
Sau khi chn kt qu kim nh t s s dng, tin hnh so snh gi tr Sig.

(sig. (2 tailed)) trong kim nh t. Nu sig. (2 tailed) <0.05: kt lun c s khc bit
c ngha v trung bnh gia cc nhm, sau da vo gi tr trung bnh mu
bng Group Statistics xc nh r s khc bit . Nu sig. (2 tailed) >0.05: kt
lun khng c s khc bit c ngha v trung bnh gia cc nhm.
Phn tch phng sai ANOVA (Analysis of variance) so snh s khc bit
v mc hi lng v lng trung thnh ca cc nhm nhn vin theo cc c im
c nhn sau: tui, trnh hc vn, thm nin cng tc, chc danh hin ti v thu
nhp bnh qun [12 trang 145-169].
Trc khi phn tch phng sai ANOVA, thc hin kim nh xem kt qu
phn tch ANOVA c th s dng c hay khng. Da vo kt qu bng Test of
Homogeneity of Variances, nu gi tr Sig. <0.05 th phng sai nh gi mc
hi lng v lng trung thnh ca cc nhm nhn vin theo cc c im c nhn
khc nhau mt cch c ngha thng k. Khi , bi ton phn tch phng sai
ANOVA kt thc. Ngc li, nu gi tr Sig. >=0.05 th phng sai nh gi mc
hi lng v lng trung thnh ca cc nhm khng khc nhau mt cch c ngha
thng k. Khi , kt qu phn tch ANOVA c th s dng c.
Sau , tin hnh phn tch da vo kt qu bng ANOVA, nu gi tr Sig.
>0.05: kt lun khng c s khc bit c ngha thng k v mc hi lng v
lng trung thnh ca cc nhm nhn vin theo cc c im c nhn. Ngc li, nu
gi tr Sig. <0.05: kt lun c s khc bit c ngha thng k v mc hi lng
v lng trung thnh ca cc nhm nhn vin theo cc c im c nhn. Khi , tip
tc tin hnh phn tch su ANOVA tm s khc bit thng qua php kim nh
Tukey HSD tin cy 95%. Da vo gi tr Sig. trong bng Multiple
Comparisons, nu gi tr Sig. >0.05 tc l khng c s khc bit c ngha thng
k gia cc nhm, nu gi tr Sig. <0.05 tc l c s khc bit c ngha thng k
gia cc nhm.
Tip sau , da vo bng Descriptives nh gi c th v s khc bit
(da vo gi tr trung bnh mu).
58
2.6.1 Kim nh mc hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin thuc

nhm DN FDI dch v theo cc c im c nhn (Ph lc 13)
2.6.1.1 Kim nh mc hi lng ca nhn vin
Kt qu kim nh trung bnh v phng sai cho thy khng c s khc bit v
mc hi lng gia cc nhm nhn vin theo cc c im c nhn. Ngha l cc
c im c nhn khng nh hng n s hi lng ca nhn vin.
2.6.1.2 Kim nh lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
Kt qu kim nh trung bnh v phng sai cho thy:
Khng c s khc bit v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin theo Trnh hc
vn, Thm nin cng tc, Chc danh hin ti v Thu nhp bnh qun. Ngha l cc
c im c nhn trn khng c mi quan h vi lng trung thnh.
Tuy nhin, lng trung thnh chu mt nh hng nht nh bi cc c im
c nhn sau:
Gii tnh: mc trung thnh ca nhn vin n ln hn mt cch c ngha
thng k so vi nhn vin nam.
Tnh trng hn nhn: mc trung thnh ca nhng nhn vin lp gia
nh ln hn mt cch c ngha thng k so vi nhng nhn vin cha lp gia
nh.
tui: s trung thnh ca nhm nhn vin di 30 tui thp hn nhm
nhn vin t 30 - 40 tui v nhm nhn vin trn 40 tui.
2.6.2 Kim nh mc hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin thuc
nhm DN FDI sn xut theo cc c im c nhn (Ph lc 14)
2.6.2.1 Kim nh mc hi lng ca nhn vin
Kt qu kim nh phng sai cho thy khng c s khc bit gia cc nhm
nhn vin theo cc c im c nhn sau: tui, Thm nin cng tc. Ngha l cc
c im c nhn trn khng nh hng n s hi lng ca nhn vin.
Tuy nhin, s hi lng chu mt nh hng nht nh bi cc c im c
nhn sau:
59
Gii tnh: mc hi lng ca nhn vin nam ln hn mt cch c ngha

thng k so vi nhn vin n.
Tnh trng hn nhn: mc hi lng ca nhn vin cha lp gia nh ln
hn mt cch c ngha thng k so vi nhn vin lp gia nh.
2.6.2.2 Kim nh lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
Kt qu kim nh trung bnh v phng sai cho thy khng c s khc bit v
lng trung thnh ca nhn vin theo Gii tnh, tui, Tnh trng hn nhn, Thm
nin cng tc. Ngha l cc c im c nhn trn khng c mi quan h vi lng
trung thnh.
Tuy nhin, lng trung thnh chu mt nh hng nht nh bi cc c im
c nhn sau:
Chc danh hin ti: s trung thnh ca cng nhn thp hn nhn vin.
Thu nhp bnh qun: s trung thnh ca nhm nhn vin c thu nhp bnh
qun ng t 4 di 6 triu ng v t 6 di 8 triu ng cao hn nhm nhn
vin c thu nhp bnh qun di 4 triu ng.
2.7 NH GI CHUNG V THO LUN KT QU
2.7.1 S hi lng ca nhn vin i vi t chc
Vic o lng mc hi lng ca nhn vin i vi t chc c thc hin
thng qua nh gi 12 yu t K lut kho lo, iu kin lm vic, c im cng
vic, Thu nhp, c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin, Mi quan h vi
cp trn, S thng tin v pht trin ngh nghip, S thng cm cc vn c
nhn, c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng vic, Cng vic c m
bo, Mi quan h vi ng nghip v Trao quyn; ng thi xem xt mi lin h
gia s hi lng ca nhn vin vi nhng c im c nhn. Cc yu t trong m
hnh nghin cu u m bo c tin cy v ph hp vi phng php phn
tch nhn t EFA.
i vi nhm DN dch v c vn u t nc ngoi: S hi lng ca nhn
vin chu tc ng bi 3 yu t: Trao quyn, S thng cm cc vn c nhn
v c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin.
60
i vi nhm DN sn xut c vn u t nc ngoi: S hi lng ca

nhn vin chu tc ng bi 7 yu t: c nh gi y cc cng vic thc
hin, c tng tc v chia s trong cng vic, Thu nhp, Mi quan h
vi cp trn, Trao quyn, S thng cm cc vn c nhn v Cng vic
c m bo.
Nhm tc gi nhn nh rng nng cao s hi lng ca nhn vin i vi t
chc cn c nhng chnh sch ph hp, tc ng vo cc nhn t theo th t u tin
nh lit k.
Khi xem xt mc nh hng ca c im c nhn n s hi lng ca
nhn vin:
i vi nhm DN dch v c vn u t nc ngoi: qua qu trnh phn
tch c th kt lun mc hi lng ca nhn vin theo cc c im c nhn khng
c s khc bit.
i vi nhm DN sn xut c vn u t nc ngoi: kt qu phn tch
cho thy c s khc bit v mc hi lng ca nhn vin theo cc c im gii
tnh v tnh trng hn nhn. C th:
Nhn vin nam c mc hi lng cao hn nhn vin n: do nh
hng ca phong tc tp qun ca ngi ng (c th l Vit Nam), ngi
chng, ngi cha l tr ct gia nh; ngi v, ngi m chm lo ni tr nn
nhn vin nam lun cao mnh thng qua cc yu t trong cng vic do mc
cm nhn v s hi lng trong cng vic ca h cao hn. Ngc li, nhn vin
n bn cnh nhng p lc trong cng vic, h cn phi gii quyt qu nhiu cng
vic t gia ni tr nn mc hi lng trong cng vic ca h thp hn.
Nhm nhn vin cha lp gia nh mc hi lng cao hn nhm
nhn vin lp gia nh: nhng ngi lp gia nh, ngoi vic chm lo cho bn
thn h cn c trch nhim vi cha m, v con nn h c nhng yu cu cao hn
trong cng vic c th m bo cuc sng cho gia nh; do mc hi lng
trong cng vic ca h cng tr nn kht khe hn.
61
2.7.2 Lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc

Vic o lng mc trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc c thc
hin tng t nh o lng s hi lng ca nhn vin, thng qua nh gi 12 yu
t; ng thi xem xt mi lin h gia lng trung thnh ca nhn vin vi nhng
c im c nhn.
i vi nhm DN dch v c vn u t nc ngoi: Lng trung thnh
ca nhn vin chu tc ng bi 3 yu t: Trao quyn, c nh gi y
cc cng vic thc hin v Mi quan h vi ng nghip.
i vi nhm DN sn xut c vn u t nc ngoi: Lng trung thnh
ca nhn vin chu tc ng nhiu nht bi Mi quan h vi cp trn, c
nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin, c tng tc v chia s trong
cng vic, Trao quyn, Thu nhp, S thng cm cc vn c nhn v
Cng vic c m bo.
Nh vy, nng cao lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc, lnh o
DN cng cn c nhng chnh sch ph hp, tc ng vo cc nhn t theo th t u
tin trn.
V s tc ng ca cc c im c nhn n lng trung thnh ca nhn vin:
i vi nhm DN dch v c vn u t nc ngoi: qua kt qu phn tch
cho thy c s khc bit v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin theo cc c im gii
tnh, tnh trng hn nhn v tui. C th:
Lng trung thnh ca nhn vin n cao hn nam: trong thc t, ngi
n mong mun s n nh trong cng vic ln cuc sng hn ngi nam, h lun
mun to ra s cn bng v mi mt, v th h c nh gn b lu di vi DN.
Nhng nhn vin lp gia nh trung thnh hn nhng nhn vin
cha lp gia nh: nhng ngi cn c thn c mt cuc sng thoi mi hn,
khng phi chm lo nhiu cho gia nh nn h c nhiu iu kin th thch bn
thn thay i thch nghi vi nhng mi trng lm vic khc nhau; v th h
khng c nh lm vic lu di ti mt DN.
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S trung thnh ca nhm nhn vin di 30 tui thp hn nhm nhn

vin t 30 40 tui v nhm nhn vin trn 40 tui: nhng nhn vin di 30 tui
l nhng ngi cn tr, nng ng, h cn rt nhiu thi gian th hin ti nng,
thng tin trong cng vic, tch ly kinh nghim nn h c nhiu c hi tm
kim mt cng vic tt hn hin ti, khng nht thit phi gn b hoc li lm
vic lu di ti mt DN.
i vi nhm DN sn xut c vn u t nc ngoi: Lng trung thnh
ca nhn vin chu tc ng nhiu bi chc danh hin ti v thu nhp bnh qun.
C th:
Cng nhn c mc trung thnh thp hn nhn vin: s lng cng
nhn trong mu kho st ch yu l nhng ngi cn kh tr, c trnh hc vn
thp (THPT) nn gp hn ch trong vic thng tin, p lc trong cng vic, mc thu
nhp khng cao, khng th m bo cuc sng. Trong khi hin nay cc mt hng
tiu dng tng chng mt song mc lng ca cng nhn th khng tng theo kp
tc tng ca gi c dn n tnh trng cng nhn b vic sang lm cng ty
khc c mc lng cao hn.
S trung thnh ca nhm nhn vin c thu nhp bnh qun ng t 4
di 6 triu ng v t 6 di 8 triu ng cao hn nhm nhn vin c thu nhp
bnh qun di 4 triu ng: mc thu nhp cao s gip nhn vin m bo c
cuc sng thoi mi, n nh, trnh cng cao h cng c c hi thng tin cao
hn, v tr lm vic cng cao th h s c lm vic trong mi trng c iu kin
tt hn, c cp trn tin tng, mi ngi n trng hn.. nn lng trung thnh ca
h cao hn l iu d hiu.
Nhn chung, a s nhn vin thuc nhm DN dch v cm thy hi lng v c
mc trung thnh cao hn nhn vin thuc nhm DN sn xut. iu ny c th l
do mi trng, p lc cng vic gia hai nhm DN l hon ton khc nhau; mt
l do na l bn nhm DN sn xut cn c mt s lng khng nh cng nhn tham
gia cuc kho st. H chnh l i tng chu nhiu p lc cng vic v thit thi
hn nhiu so vi cc nhn vin vn phng, qun l ti hai nhm DN trn.
63
TM TT CHNG 2
Trong chng 2, nhm tc gi trnh by nhng ni dung chnh sau:
Nghin cu nh tnh bng cch tham kho cc ti nghin cu trc y
trong v ngoi nc, v t chc tho lun nhm vi nhng nhn vin, cn b qun
l cc DN nhm c ci nhn thc t, a ra m hnh nghin cu v bng cu hi
kho st phc v cho qu trnh thu thp d liu.
Mu kho st ca ti ti thiu l 295, nhm tc gi quyt nh kho st
450 phiu ti hai nhm DN in hnh, i din cho nhm DN dch v c vn u t
nc ngoi, v nhm DN sn xut c vn u t nc ngoi, cng nhm mc ch
so snh s hi lng v lng trung thnh gia hai loi hnh DN khc nhau. Sau qu
trnh kho st v tng hp li d liu, nhm tc gi thu li c 417 phiu hp l.
Sau nhm tc gi tin hnh phn tch, nh gi kt qu nghin cu chnh
ca ti, bao gm cc bc: nh gi tin cy ca cc thang o trong m hnh
nghin cu, phn tch nhn t EFA, phn tch hi quy, ng thi cng tin hnh
kim nh mc nh hng ca cc yu t c nhn n s hi lng v lng trung
thnh ca nhn vin.
Kt qu thu c:
Nhm tc gi tm ra mt s yu t c tc ng mnh n s hi lng v
lng trung thnh ca nhn vin trong c hai nhm DN dch v v DN sn xut c
vn u t nc ngoi.
Kim nh c mc nh hng ca s hi lng n lng trung thnh ca
nhn vin i vi t chc.
Xc nh mt s c im c nhn tc ng n s hi lng v lng trung
thnh ca nhn vin.
Sau qu trnh phn tch, nh gi, nhm tc gi xin php c xut mt s
gii php, kin ngh nhm lm tng s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
trong nhm DN dch v v nhm DN sn xut c vn u t nc ngoi, v qua ,
gia tng mc nh hng ca s hi lng n lng trung thnh ca nhn vin, xin
c tip tc chng sau.
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CHNG 3
MT S GII PHP NNG CAO
S HI LNG V LNG TRUNG THNH CA NHN VIN
TRONG DOANH NGHIP C VN U T NC NGOI
Sau qu trnh x l, phn tch s liu Chng 2, nhm tc gi c ci nhn
thc t v mt s yu t tc ng n s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
trong nhm DN dch v cng nh trong nhm DN sn xut c vn u t nc
ngoi. Qua , lnh o DN cn lng nghe tm t nguyn vng ca nhn vin nhm
a ra cc chnh sch v gii php mi nng cao s hi lng ca h, t h s
gn b vi DN hn. S gn b ny s em n li ch cho c hai bn. V th, mi
quan h tng h ny cn c m bo c trong hin ti ln tng lai. Vi mc
ch , nhm tc gi xin xut mt s gii php, kin ngh trong chng 3 nhm
ci thin, nng cao s hi lng cng nh lng trung thnh cho nhn vin trong hai
nhm DN trn, vi mc u tin ca cc nhm gii php sp xp theo th t gim
dn.
3.1 I VI NHM DN DCH V C VN U T NC NGOI
Nhn vin bn nhm DN dch v lm vic trong mi trng vn phng, mc
d thoi mi hn so vi DN sn xut, nhng h cng gp phi mt s vn trong
qu trnh lm vic, khin h t nhiu khng hi lng vi t chc ca mnh, t d
ny sinh tm l mun tm vic ni khc.
Qua qu trnh kho st, nhm tc gi xin c xut mt s gii php, nhm
gp phn nng cao s hi lng v lng trung thnh cho nhn vin thuc nhm DN
dch v.
3.1.1 Gii php cho yu t Trao quyn
Khi phn tch hi quy cc yu t nh hng n s hi lng v lng trung
thnh ca nhn vin thuc loi hnh DN dch v c vn u t nc ngoi, Trao
quyn l yu t tc ng mnh nht n c s hi lng ln lng trung thnh ca
nhn vin. Thc t, y cng l yu t c mc nh gi thp nht trong s 12
65
yu t (Ph lc 4). Chnh v vy, nhm tc gi xut Trao quyn l yu t u

tin m cc DN trong lnh vc dch v cn gii quyt.
Cp trn nn trao cho nhn vin quyn t do hnh ng trong mt gii hn
ph hp, thay v c m m tt c mi vic v t mnh gii quyt. C th cp trn
khng pht hin ra kh nng ca mt nhn vin khi h ch ngi ti mt gc trong
vn phng, v thc hin theo nhng g c ch o, nhng rt c th h s ta sng
nu c c hi thc hin cng vic vi quyn hn nht nh.
Sau y l mt s gii php m nh qun l DN c th p dng:
To mi trng thun li trong mi ngi c khuyn khch pht
trin cc kh nng ca h:
Cp trn nn to ra mt mi trng nhn vin c th giao tip hai chiu vi
sp bng cch lng nghe nhn vin v t ra nhng cu hi cho h. Nhn vin
thng s bit cch t tm cho mnh cu tr li hay t a ra cc gii php. Khi
nhn vin trnh by mt vn kh khn, hy hi h nn gii quyt vn ny nh
th no hoc c xut g khng. C vy nhn vin s c c hi th hin s hiu
bit ca mnh v pht trin bn thn.
Tin tng vo nng lc nhn vin:
Cp trn phi thng xuyn a ra cc phn hi v kt qu lm vic ca nhn
vin. Nhng phn hi tch cc s gip nhn vin khng ngng pht trin cc k
nng v kin thc cn thit.
Vic cp trn th hin s nh gi cao ca mnh i vi nhng gi tr ring
ca mi c nhn nhn vin, d h tht s lm vic cha t kt qu nh mong i
s l mt cch ng vin tt, khuyn khch nhn vin bc l suy ngh, nng lc ca
mnh trong nhng cng vic c giao tip theo.
Giao quyn quyt nh cho nhn vin:
Ngi lnh o cn phi c nim tin rng nhn vin lm ng v c kh nng
ra quyt nh ng. Trao cho h quyn quyt nh cng phi xem xt tht k v da
vo nhng im mnh yu ca nhn vin giao ph. Trong thc t cng vic, 9
ngi 10 , cp trn phi chp nhn mt thc t l cc nhn vin c th c nhng
66
suy ngh, quyt nh khng ging vi mnh, nhng min l quyt nh mang li
kt qu tt cho t chc mnh.
Tuy nhin nu nhn vin c trao quyn thc hin mt cng vic nhng kt
qu cha c tt, cp trn cng khng nn bnh lun v nhng quyt nh v
tng ca nhn vin mt cch tiu cc, v iu ny ch lm gim s t tin ca h v
ngn cn h chia s kin trong tng lai vi cp trn. Cn to cho nhn vin
nhng c hi ra quyt nh trong cng vic, v h rt kinh nghim thng qua
nhng sai lm ca chnh mnh.
3.1.2 Gii php cho yu t c nh gi y cc cng vic thc
hin
c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin cng l mt yu t ng
cc nh lnh o DN dch v phi lu tm khi hn na s lng nhn vin
(thuc nhm DN dch v) c kho st c mc ng t rt thp n trung lp/
khng kin i vi pht biu Kt qu cng vic ca anh ch c nh gi hp
l v cng bng (App3) v Anh ch nhn c s khen thng v khch l khi
hon thnh cng vic (App4).
Thc t, vic cng nhn cc hnh ng, n lc v kt qu lm vic ca nhn
vin l mt cch thc quan trng ng vin h nng cao hn na cht lng
cng vic. Khi nhng c gng ca nhn vin c n p ng mc, h s cm
thy thoi mi v hiu sut lm vic s cao hn. y l mt kt qu tuyt vi cho c
ngi nhn vin v c nh lnh o.
Nhm tc gi xin xut mt s gii php nh sau:
Cn c tiu ch nh gi cc cng vic r rng:
D p dng phng php nh gi no, cp trn cng nn c cc tiu ch nh
gi nhn vin r rng, trnh chung chung, d dn n s hiu lm cho nhn vin.
Tiu ch nh gi phi gn lin vi nhim v c giao v mc tiu m t
chc mong mun. Cc tiu ch nn c a ra ngay t u khi nhn vin c
giao thc hin cng vic, h hiu cc yu cu v mong mun ca cp trn.
67
Thng xuyn quan tm n qu trnh lm vic ca nhn vin:

Trong thc t thng xut hin s khc bit gia nh gi ca cp trn v
nhn vin so vi s t nh gi ca nhn vin. S khc bit ny rt c th gy ra s
bt mn trong nhn vin, d dn n vic h ri b DN vi suy ngh Cp trn
khng hiu ti. Vy nn bn cnh vic ra cc tiu ch nh gi r rng, ngi
qun l phi dnh thi gian theo di qu trnh nhn vin lm vic c nhng
nh gi ng n, hp l.
i vi cc sai st ca nhn vin, cp trn nn nhc nh ngay khi pht hin
trnh nhng sai st tng t ti din, trnh vic dn li n cui k mi nu ra,
nh vy va gy thit hi cho t chc, va khin nhn vin ngp trong nhng
nhn xt, ch trch v nhng s vic m theo h l qua lu.
ng thi, cp trn cng cn c s trung thc, thng thn, cng bng trong
vic nh gi nhn vin v nhng cng vic h hon thnh. V mt c nhn, thc
t cp trn c th c thin cm vi nhn vin ny nhiu hn nhn vin khc, nhng
trong cng vic, cn phi cng bng vi tt c nhn vin ca mnh.
ng vin, khch l, khen thng nhn vin:
Qua qu trnh theo di, cp trn hiu c nhng n lc ca nhn vin
hon thnh mc tiu ra. C th kt qu h t c ch gn vi mong i ca cp
trn, nhng h lun phn u cng vic sau c kt qu tt hn cng vic trc.
Khi , s ng vin, khch l ca cp trn l rt cn thit, bi v i vi tm l
chung, khi qu trnh phn u ko di m khng c s ng vin kp thi ca cp
trn, nhn vin rt d nn lng v khng cn ng lc phn u. Tuy nhin, nh
qun l cng cn th hin cho nhn vin bit mc yu cu ca cng vic v cn
nhn mnh rng nu tip tc nh hin ti s khng c nh gi cao trong k tip
theo.
Hnh thc khen thng kh ph bin hin nay cc DN vn l tin mt, tuy
nhin theo nhiu chuyn gia nhn nh th ty vo thc t, c th sng to hn v
vic khen thng nhn vin, chng hn nh: t chc nhng bui lin hoan, n ung
nho nh cho nhn vin trong phng ban khi h t c mt thnh tch trong cng
68
vic; cp trn gn gi nhn vin bng cc bui c ph, n ung, qua lng nghe
tm t, nguyn vng ca h v ghi nhn li, ri sau khi h t c thnh tch
tt trong cng vic th ngi cp trn c th p ng phn no nhng nhu cu ;
v khng thiu nhng ci bt tay, nhng cu chc mng ng lc, khi nhn vin
va t c thnh tch tt.
mt kha cnh no , khen thng nhn vin ng nh cu ni Ca cho
khng bng cch cho, vy nn trong cch thc DN khen thng nhn vin, cn
phi th hin s trn trng h h vui lng hn.
3.1.3 Gii php cho yu t S thng cm cc vn c nhn
Mc d nhm gii php S thng cm cc vn c nhn ch tc ng trc
tip vo s hi lng ca nhn vin, nhng v s hi lng c mt nh hng rt ln
n lng trung thnh ca nhn vin ( c kim chng trong phn tch hi quy),
th nn nhm tc gi xin c xut mt s gii php cho yu t ny, nhm tc
ng tch cc hn n s hi lng ca nhn vin, qua ci thin, nng cao hn
na s trung thnh ca h vi t chc.
Quan tm n nhng vn c nhn ca nhn vin:

Mi c nhn trong cuc sng u c rt nhiu vn ring cn gii quyt, t
hn nhn, m au, vic gia nh, vui c, bun c. Trong mi trng vn phng,
cp trn khng nht thit phi t n mc thn thit nh bn b, nhng cng nn
tm hiu, nm bt t nhiu thng tin v nhng vn c nhn ca nhn vin mnh, t
c nhng hi han ng mc, th hin s quan tm, cm thng n nhn vin.
S ng vin, chia s ca cp trn d t d nhiu nhng cng s c nhng tc
ng nht nh n nhn vin: h c quan tm v h cm kch v iu .
To iu kin cho nhn vin gii quyt vn c nhn:
Khi nhn vin vng mc mt vi vn ring t, th h kh lng m tp
trung gii quyt tt cng vic c t chc giao ph, c bit l i vi nhn vin
n, v vi quan nim ngi Vit Nam ni ring v ng ni chung, ngi ph n
thng gnh vc rt nhiu vic trong gia nh, chm nom cho tt thy mi thnh
vin cn li h l nhng ngi d cm thy mt mi, p lc khi khng cn bng
69
c gia cng vic gia nh, v thc t kho st cng cho thy nhn vin n c
mc hi lng i vi yu t ny thp hn nhn vin nam (Ph lc 13).
Chnh v vy bn cnh nhng s ng vin, quan tm mang tnh cht li ni,
ngi cp trn nn c nhng hnh ng c th hn, nh sp xp cho nhn vin
h c th gii quyt vic c nhn, c th bng cch gim bt cng vic cho h, hoc
linh hot v thi gian lm vic, hoc cho nhn vin ngh php mt thi gian Mt
khi vn c nhn c th gii quyt xong xui, nhn vin s quay li vi cng
vic v thc hin n tt hn l h gnh p lc t c hai pha.
3.1.4 Gii php cho yu t Mi quan h vi ng nghip
Mi quan h vi ng nghip c s tc ng rt ln n lng trung thnh
ca nhn vin thuc nhm DN dch v c vn u t nc ngoi, v vy nhm tc
gi xin c mt s xut nh sau:
To bu khng kh lm vic vui v, thn thin:
to dng mt bu khng kh lm vic lun vui v, cn phi c s vn ng
t chnh bn thn cc nhn vin, bi v chnh h l nhng ngi dnh n 8 ting
mi ngy ra vo, chm mt, ni chuyn, bn bc vi cc ng nghip ca mnh.
Tuy nhin chnh cp trn cng c th tc ng v gy dng nn mi trng lm vic
ci m cho nhn vin ca mnh. Cp trn cn t cho nhn vin hiu vic to dng
mi quan h gia ng nghip vi nhau trong cng ty l rt quan trng, khng ai c
th hp tc vi nhau khi nhng ngi xung quanh lun dng dng, lnh lng. Lc
ny cp trn nh l cu ni, u tu, c th t ra vui v, ci m, gn gi vi mi
ngi, khuyn khch nhn vin gy dng mt mi trng lm vic thn thin.
To ra nhng c hi nhn vin hc hi, chia s ln nhau:
Trong qu trnh hp tc lm vic, cp trn c th thng qua nhng bui hp
bn, nh gi cng vic gip cc nhn vin ca mnh n gn nhau hn. Cp trn
nn to cho cc nhn vin c hi c by t suy ngh, quan im ca mnh v cng
vic, h thoi mi trao i, chia s kinh nghim v hc hi ln nhau.
Trong qu trnh lm vic gia nhiu ngi vi nhau, khng th trnh c
nhng lc mu thun, ci v. Cp trn c th m ra nhng bui nh gi nhn vin,
70
khng gian c th khng cn gii hn trong phng hp, phng lm vic, m c th

thoi mi hn nh mt bui c ph nhng nhn vin ang gp rc ri c th
trao i, gp ln nhau. Lc ny cp trn ng vai tr l mt ngi lng nghe cng
tm, v sau a ra nhng gp , li khuyn nhm xoa du v gip nhn vin xa
b s bc bi, bt mn gia cc nhn vin ca mnh.
To iu kin nhn vin chia s, gip nhau:
Cp trn nn quan tm v cp nht thng tin v cc nhn vin di quyn
mnh, khng ch hi han, chia s, to dng mi quan h c nhn cp trn nhn
vin, m cn to ra nhng tnh hung c th gip cc nhn vin c s cm thng,
chia s v tng tr, gip ln nhau trong cuc sng. Nhng tnh hung y s
gip nhn vin hiu nhau hn v mi quan h ng nghip s tt p hn. Khi y
lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc cng c nng cao.
3.2 I VI NHM DN SN XUT C VN U T NC NGOI
Qua kt qu kho st, nhm tc gi nhn thy s hi lng v lng trung thnh
ca nhn vin chu tc ng bi 7 yu t, v thc t, mc hi lng trung bnh ca
ngi lao ng v cc yu t thnh phn ny cng khng cao, gi tr Mean trong
khong t 2.79 3.67 (Ph lc 4).
Do nhm tc gi khng c iu kin thc tp ti cc DN sn xut; ng thi
mu kho st ti cc DN ny (322 ngi) ch chim mt phn nh trong tng s lao
ng ang lm vic ti y nn c nhiu hn ch trong vic nm bt tnh hnh thc
t v quy trnh lm vic cng nh hot ng ca cc DN. V vy, mt s gii php
m nhm tc gi xin xut di y ch mang tnh cht cc DN sn xut c th
tham kho v iu chnh cho ph hp vi tnh hnh thc t ti cng ty mnh nhm
gp phn nng cao mc hi lng v lng trung thnh ca ngi lao ng ni
chung.
3.2.1 Gii php cho yu t c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin
Cng nh nhng nhn vin trong nhm DN dch v, ngi lao ng ni chung
ti cc DN sn xut s cm thy hi lng hn nu nhng vic h lm, nhng cng
hin ca h c cng ty nhn nhn.
71
Sau y l mt s gii php c th:
nh gi kt qu cng vic hp l v cng bng:

DN cn xem xt, nh gi mt cch khoa hc, cng bng v khch quan v
qu trnh thc hin cng vic ca nhn vin. y l im then cht rt quan trng
nng cao mc hi lng ca nhn vin.
Thng xuyn nh gi kt qu t c trong cng vic ca nhn vin s nh
mt liu thuc ng vin v nh hng h lm vic ht kh nng ca mnh. Khi
nhn vin hon thnh tt cng vic, bn cnh gi tr vt cht h cn nhn c s
tin tng ca cp trn, s n phc ca ng nghip. Cc gi tr v hnh ny ngy
cng quan trng khi khng nh c nhn ang c nhiu ngi la chn, c c hi
th hin bn thn gia mi ngi.
Khen thng ng lc v kp thi:
i vi nhng c nhn xut sc, cn c ch khen thng cng bng v
xng ng v nhng c gng, n lc cng hin ca h cho cng vic. S cng bng
trong nh gi v khen thng s to nn s tin tng nhn vin mt c tnh
to nn s hi lng ca h. T , c th gi chn h li lu di vi DN.
ng vin, khuyn khch nhn vin mt cch chn thnh:
a ra nhng nhn xt, gp chn thnh cho mi nhn vin h hon thin
hn na cc k nng ca mnh.
Kp thi a ra nhng phn hi tch cc v kt qu cng vic t c. Chnh
s c v ny s gip cc nhn vin pht trin ti a cc k nng m h c.
3.2.2 Gii php cho yu t c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng
vic
c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong qu trnh lm vic c ngha rt
quan trng i vi nhn vin, c bit l nhng nhn vin c trnh cao. trnh
cng cao, nhu cu chia s thng tin s cng mnh. i vi nhng nhn vin nm
gi nhng v tr quan trng trong DN, trnh chuyn mn cao, c nhiu kinh
nghim ngh nghip v cc k nng cn thit, DN cn c s tng tc cao nhn
vin hiu v gn b vi DN hn.
72

Chia s thng tin:
DN cn chia s thng tin kinh doanh nhn vin thy c mi quan h gia
cng vic h ang lm v kt qu m cng ty t c. C nh vy, nhn vin s
cm thy mnh c coi trng, nhn thy s pht trin ca cng ty lun c phn
ng gp no ca mnh.
DN cn thng xuyn tham kho kin nhn vin trong qu trnh gii quyt
cc vn ny sinh trong cng vic. Khng nhng nhn vin cn bit thng tin v
tnh hnh hot ng kinh doanh ca cng ty m cn phi bit r thng tin v cng
vic, hiu qu m cng vic mnh ang lm mang li.
Chia s trch nhim qun l:
Cp trn nn cng nhn vin trao i, tranh lun, gii quyt vn , ln k
hoch, chia s tng v kinh nghim lm vic.
To iu kin nhn vin tham gia vo qu trnh quyt nh nhng vn k
c nh hay ln. C nh vy, nhn vin s cng hng hi tp trung, n lc hn trong
cng vic t c mc tiu chung.
To mi trng thun li tng cng tng tc vi nhn vin trong
cng vic:
Chia s nhng nh gi ca cp trn i vi chnh bn thn nhn vin, nu h
hon thnh cng vic mt cch xut sc th dnh cho h nhng li khen ngi; ngc
li, nu nhn vin phm phi sai lm th cn khin trch kp thi T , h c th
cm nhn c mnh l mt phn ca DN.
Thng xuyn t chc nhng bui hp nh k vi nhn vin cp di,
khuyn khch mi ngi bo co v tnh hnh cng vic m h ang thc hin, nh
gi tin chung ca cng vic, a ra, xut hoc yu cu cn c gip , h
tr.
73
3.2.3 Gii php cho yu t Thu nhp

Thu nhp (bao gm lng, thng, ph cp) c xem l mt trong nhng
yu t to nn s cnh tranh gia cc DN, ng thi l cha kha nng cao nng
sut lm vic v gip nhn vin gn b lu di vi t chc. Trong hu ht cc DN
sn xut, lao ng ph thng chim phn ln, mc thu nhp ca h cng cha cao
nn vic m bo cuc sng n nh, trang tri cho cc nhu cu thit yu cn nhiu
hn ch. Ngoi ra, vic sn xut kinh doanh cng mang tnh thi v, c nhng lc
n t hng ln phi thng xuyn tng ca ngoi gi. Do , lnh o DN cn
quan tm v c chnh sch h tr thch ng.
Xy dng h thng lng cnh tranh:
DN cn xem xt mc lng ca cc cng ty khc to ra mc lng c tnh
cnh tranh cao nhm em n s bo m cho nhn vin. T , nhn vin lm vic
ht mnh v gn b lu di vi cng ty; v iu ct li hn na l to nn s hi
lng ca nhn vin yu t quan trng to nn s thnh cng cho cng ty.
Vic phn phi thu nhp phi gn lin vi tnh cht, mc phc tp ca cng
vic.
Cn pht huy hnh thc tr lng theo sn phm l mt hnh thc ph bin
cc DN sn xut.
Tin lng phi gn lin vi s pht trin kinh t v mc sng ca ngi lao
ng. Hng nm cn xem xt, nh gi v iu chnh mc lng cho hp l, m
bo cuc sng cho ngi lao ng.
Tr lng cng bng:
Cn thc hin nh gi nhn vin mt cch chnh xc, tr lng theo nng lc,
kt qu cng vic phi gn lin vi hon cnh hon thnh cng vic c th.
Tin lng c tr cng bng th hin vic cng bng nhm, cng bng c
nhn vi nhng hon cnh cng vic nh nhau, trnh tnh trng nhn vin ny so
snh kt qu lm vic ca mnh vi mc thu nhp ca nhn vin khc gy mt
on kt ni b.
74
DN cn ph bin r chnh sch lng, thng, phc li nhn vin hiu

v gim c phn no tm l so snh, bt mn.
Hon thin chnh sch i ng ph hp:
T chc cc hot ng khm sc khe nh k gip nhn vin bit c tnh
trng sc khe ca bn thn c th chm sc kp thi, c bit l cng nhn (do
phi thng xuyn tip xc vi my mc, cc loi ha cht, vt liu, bi bn).
DN cn ng y bo him y t, bo him x hi, bo him tht nghip cho
ngi lao ng, i vi nhng b phn lm vic trong iu kin c hi, tip xc
vi cc loi ha cht phi c ch ph cp c hi, h tr tin n ca. Ngoi ra, cn
ch n cc ch phc li khc nh: tham quan, du lch
Cn chm lo hn n i sng ca ngi lao ng, c bit v mt tinh thn.
B phn cng on cn phi hp vi phng hnh chnh t chc ca DN sp
xp, t chc cc hot ng tp th vo cc ngy ngh, dp l thu ht ngi lao
ng tham gia, to nn s on kt, gn b tp th, gp phn to nn mi trng
lm vic lnh mnh.
3.2.4 Gii php cho yu t Mi quan h vi cp trn
Mt ngi lnh o, mt cp trn gii phi to phi to c s tin tng v
n trng ca nhn vin cp di. Mun vy, cp trn cn phi lng nghe v thu
hiu nhn vin ca mnh, cn t ra mnh l ngi c th tin tng, l ch da, bo
v nhn vin trc ngi khc thng qua nng lc x l tnh hung, k nng
thng lng, nht qun trong hnh ng, bn lnh v c lng qu cm. Lnh o
cn phi hiu rng mi quan h vi ngi lao ng khng ch l mi quan h cp
trn vi cp di m phi to iu kin cho nhn vin pht trin ngh nghip,
chuyn mn, bn sc c nhn, cm xc v tr tu. Do , nht thit phi hiu rng s
chu o, tn tnh quan tm n cp di l iu cn thit i vi vic lnh o v
pht trin mt lc lng lao ng mnh m.
75

Lun th hin nng lc v trnh chuyn mn:
Tt c cc cp qun l bao gm: qun l cp cao, cp trung, t trng u
cn trang b kin thc v nhng k nng qun l nhn s cn thit, t khuyn
khch, to ng lc cho nhn vin cp di cng hon thnh mc tiu chung.
Khuyn khch nhn vin s dng nng lc c nhn:
Coi trng nhng ngi c nng lc, khuyn khch, ng vin v to c hi
h tham gia ng gp kin, mnh dn xut, ci tin phng thc lm vic.
To c hi thng tin cho nhn vin, t to ng lc lm vic cho h cng
nh kch thch, ng vin nhng ngi lao ng khc trong cng ty.
Quan tm n nhn vin nh mt c nhn:
Thng xuyn thng bo cho nhn vin nu c nhng thay i lin quan trc
tip n h nh: nhng thay i v chnh sch, th tc hay thay i v thng tin sn
phm
Bn cnh trnh chuyn mn, kinh nghim ngh nghip, cp trn cn c uy
tn trong vic thu phc nhn vin; ng thi, ng cm vi nhn vin v nm bt
tm l ca h.
Cn quan tm nhiu hn n i sng ca nhn vin, lng nghe tm t,
nguyn vng ca h, to mi trng lm vic thn thin, dnh thi gian tm hiu
mt cht v gia nh v cuc sng ring t ca nhn vin.
T chc hot ng mang tnh vui chi, gii tr ti cng ty vo nhng dp l,
vo nhng ngy k nim..
3.2.5 Gii php cho yu t Trao quyn
Nhn vin c trnh cng cao, nm gi nhng chc v quan trng th h
cng mun nhn c s tn nhim v tin cy t cp trn. iu chng t c
nng lc cng nh nhng cng hin ca h cho DN c ghi nhn. T , lng
trung thnh ca h i vi DN s tng ln, h s ton tm, ton tp trung vo cng
vic v n lc ng gp cng sc ca mnh xy dng t chc.
76

To dng lng tin vng chc trong cng vic:
To mi trng tin tng ln nhau gia cp trn v nhn vin. c bit, cn
xy dng lng tin vng chc i vi nhng nhn vin c nng lc, trnh chuyn
mn cao, c kinh nghim, thm nin v y l ngun nhn lc quan trng gp
phn vo s thnh cng ca DN.
Cp trn cn nhn nhn, tn trng nhn vin, th hin thng qua vic cp trn
cho nhn vin quyn ra quyt nh, phn cng cng vic cho h mt cch r rng,
h ch ng thc hin, to c hi cho h nghin cu, hc hi kin thc, tch ly
kinh nghim thc y s pht trin ca DN.
To ng lc kch thch s sng to v cho nhn vin c hi t th hin
mnh:
T chc cc lp nghip v cn thit cho chuyn mn ca nhn vin.
Hiu r cc c im v yu cu ca cng vic; ng thi, da trn c s im
mnh v im yu ca nhn vin giao ph cho nhng nhn vin c kh nng
hon thnh tt cng vic .
Giao cho nhn vin cc d n v nhim v y tnh thch thc, cho h c hi
lm vic vi mt d n hay nhim v mi gip bi p thm cc k nng ca h v
mang ti cho h c hi ta sng.
Tin tng tuyt i v chp nhn ri ro:
Cp trn phi nhn thc c rng mt khi y quyn cho nhn vin t thc
hin cng vic th bn thn mnh phi chp nhn nhng bin c ngoi mun, kt
qu nhn c c th s khng nh mong i; mc d vy vn phi chp nhn n
v sa cha nhng sai phm xy ra v trong thc t cng vic khng th hon
thnh mt cch hon ho nu chng ta ch lm n mt mnh.
3.2.6 Gii php cho yu t S thng cm cc vn c nhn
Trong cuc sng, bt k ngi no cng c lc gp phi nhng kh khn c
nhn. Khi , nu c thng cm, s chia v gip th h s c ng lc gii
quyt nhng kh khn nhanh chng hn. c bit trong DN sn xut, cc nh
77
lnh o nn dnh s quan tm n tng lp cng nhn trc tip sn xut sn phm,
h chnh l nhng ngi chu nhiu vt v nht, cp trn nn c nhng gii php th
hin s quan tm, ng vin v gip h, trnh nhng bt mn trong h tch t
v xy ra tranh ci, nh cng, gy thit hi cho c hai bn.
Nhm tc gi xin c xut nhng gii php cho yu t ny tng t nh
nhng gii php ra cho loi hnh DN dch v, ng thi b sung thm gii php
th hin s quan tm n giai cp cng nhn: Cp trn trc tip nn cp nht
thng xuyn nhng vn kh khn ca cng nhn, hng thng, hng k c th
gip h bng nhng phn qu nh nh go, mm mui hoc mt t tin, vi kinh
ph trch t cc Qu t thin ca cng ty hoc vic thm hi, ng vin h
3.2.7 Gii php cho yu t Cng vic c m bo
S n nh trong cng vic l iu m hu ht nhn vin u mong mun, c
bit i vi cng nhn th iu ny cn quan trng hn. H mong mun c mt
cng vic n nh, c m bo c th chm lo cho gia nh, p ng c
nhng nhu cu thit yu ca cuc sng. T , nhn vin s cm thy yn tm khi
lm vic ti DN. Mc hi lng ca nhn vin cng cao s gp phn gip DN gia
tng doanh s, gim ng k chi ph v s lm tng lng trung thnh ca nhn vin
vi t chc.
To dng lng tin ni nhn vin v vai tr ca h i vi DN:
Thng xuyn ng vin, khch l, ng thi khen thng thm cho ngi lao
ng khi tnh hnh kinh doanh ca cng ty pht trin tt.
i vi nhng nhn vin vn phng, giao cho h nhng cng vic c th
khng nh tm quan trng ca h i vi DN, lm cho h bit rng h c vai tr
c lc i vi cc cp lnh o.
n nh tnh hnh kinh doanh:
Thng xuyn a ra nhng chin lc, k hoch kinh doanh mi, mang tnh
nng ng gp phn y mnh hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh pht trin.
Khng ngng to ra sn phm vi mu m mi, cht lng cao thu ht
nhiu khch hng, mang li li nhun cao.
78
MT S KIN NGH
i vi Nh nc:
Nh nc nn xy dng nn chnh tr n nh to iu kin x hi thun li,
kch thch u t nc ngoi; ng thi a ra cc chnh sch iu chnh mc lng
c bn, chnh sch phc li x hi, chnh sch bo v quyn li cho ngi lao
ng, iu ny khch l ngi lao ng c gng v hng say hn trong sn xut,
to tm l an tm v ngun thu nhp v quyn li lao ng ca mi ngi.
B gio dc nn c cc chnh sch v quy nh tht cht u ra ti cc trng
i hc, cao ng, trung cp cung cp mt ngun nhn lc mi va c bng
cp va c trnh tng xng.
i vi doanh nghip:
Ngun lc con ngi c vai tr quan trng v l yu t then cht i vi s
pht trin v xu th cnh tranh trn ton th gii. thnh cng, cc DN c vn u
t nc ngoi nn quan tm, tm hiu nhng tm t, nguyn vng ca tp th nhn
vin bn a, qua c nhng gii php c th, thch hp vi tnh hnh thc t ti
cng ty nhm ci thin v nng cao hn na s hi lng v lng trung thnh ca
nhn vin i vi t chc.
79
TM TT CHNG 3
Chng 3 xut ra mt s gii php cho nhm DN dch v v nhm DN
sn xut c vn u t nc ngoi, c xy dng trn c s l thuyt v kt qu
nghin cu nh lng vi d liu thc t thu thp t hai nhm DN trn.
Kt qu nghin cu trn mc d cn hn ch v thi gian nghin cu ngn v
ch thc hin nghin cu ti mt vi n v c th, nhng cng gp phn gip cc
DN c vn u t nc ngoi tham kho v c ci nhn r hn v cc vn m
nhn vin ang quan tm, t c th hoch nh cc chnh sch nhm nng cao s
hi lng cho nhn vin i vi bn thn yu t cng nh s hi lng chung i
vi cng vic, t chc.
Cui cng l mt s kin ngh i vi Nh nc v Doanh nghip.
80
KT LUN
Qun tr ngun nhn lc l mt vn v cng nan gii vi tt c cc DN
trong mi trng kinh t ngy nay, bi n khng c mt khun mu no p dng
chung cho tt c cc DN, m cn phi ty vo hon cnh c th v ty vo phong
cch ngi lnh o. Cng vic qun tr ngun nhn lc khng ch kh vic tuyn
dng c nhng nhn vin tt, ph hp vi yu cu cng vic, m cn vn
lm th no h hi lng khi lm vic ti DN v trung thnh vi t chc. V c
bit, qun tr ngun nhn lc cng kh khn hn khi lnh o v tp th nhn vin
khng cng chung mt ting ni, mt nn vn ha.
ti o lng mc nh hng ca s hi lng n lng trung thnh
ca nhn vin trong doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi m nhm tc gi
thc hin cng nhm mc ch xc nh nhng vn , yu t m nhn vin quan
tm trong qu trnh lm vic ti cc DN, t xut nhng gii php c th cho
c hai nhm DN dch v v DN sn xut c vn u t nc ngoi. Nhm tc gi
rt mong bi nghin cu s l mt ti liu tham kho c ch cc nh lnh o c
th nghin cu v rt ra nhng chnh sch thch hp p dng cho tnh hnh nhn s
thc t ti cng ty mnh.
Mc d thi gian qua nhm tc gi c gng, cng vi s h tr, gip
nhit tnh t nhiu pha, nhng do cn tn ti nhng hn ch khch quan v ch
quan, nn cc nhm gii php a ra cha tht s chi tit v c th. Nhm tc gi
rt mong nhn c s thng cm v nhng li nhn xt, gp t Qu Thy, C v
cc bn bo co c th hon thin hn.
TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting Vit
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[31].http://www.evolvedemployer.com/2011/12/12/employee-loyalty-dropsworldwide/.
[32].http://www.slideshare.net/HANHBEO/luan-van-v2.
[33].http://www.tuvanduyanh.com/index.php/tin-tc/74-la-chn-loi-hinh-doanhnghip-nh-th-nao-cho-phu-hp-.html
PH LC
Ph lc 1: Bng cu hi kho st
Ph lc 2: Dn bi tho lun nhm
Ph lc 3: Gii thiu Cng ty C phn Amata (Vit Nam)
Ph lc 4: Thng k m t mu nghin cu
Ph lc 5: Kt qu kim nh tin cy ca thang o Kho st ti nhm doanh
nghip FDI dch v
Ph lc 6: Kt qu phn tch nhn t Kho st ti nhm DN FDI dch v
Ph lc 7: Kt qu kim nh tin cy ca thang o sau EFA Kho st ti nhm
doanh nghip FDI dch v
Ph lc 8: Kt qu hi quy Kho st ti nhm doanh nghip FDI dch v
Ph lc 9: Kt qu kim nh tin cy ca thang o Kho st ti nhm doanh
nghip FDI sn xut
Ph lc 10: Kt qu phn tch nhn t Kho st ti nhm DN FDI sn xut
Ph lc 11: Kt qu kim nh tin cy ca thang o sau EFA Kho st ti
nhm doanh nghip FDI sn xut
Ph lc 12: Kt qu hi quy Kho st ti nhm doanh nghip FDI sn xut
Ph lc 13: Kim nh nh hng ca c im c nhn n s hi lng v lng
trung thnh ca nhn vin thuc nhm doanh nghip FDI dch v
Ph lc 14: Kim nh nh hng ca c im c nhn n s hi lng v lng
trung thnh ca nhn vin thuc nhm doanh nghip FDI sn xut
PH LC 1: BNG CU HI NGHIN CU NH LNG

Xin cho anh/ ch! Chng ti l V Nguyn Hng Nhung v Trn Th Ngc Tho, l sinh vin nm 4
trng i hc Lc Hng. Hin nay, chng ti ang tin hnh mt cuc kho st nghin cu ti o lng
mc nh hng ca s hi lng n lng trung thnh ca nhn vin trong doanh nghip c vn u t nc
ngoi.
S tham gia ca anh/ ch c ngha rt quan trng i vi bi nghin cu ny. Chng ti xin cam oan mi
thng tin m anh/ ch cung cp s c gi b mt tuyt i v ch s dng thng k trong bi nghin cu. Rt
mong nhn c s gip t anh/ch.
Phn 1: BNG CU HI CHNH
Xin anh/ ch vui lng nh gi mc ng ca anh/ ch i vi mi pht biu sau y, vi quy c nh sau:
Hon ton khng ng Khng ng Trung lp/ Khng kin ng Hon ton ng
1. K lut kho lo
1.1 Anh ch hiu r cc ni quy lm vic ca cng ty
1.2 Anh ch hiu r trch nhim, quyn hn, phm vi, yu cu cng vic ca mnh
1.3 Anh ch hiu r tiu chun nh gi nhn vin, tiu chun khen thng v k lut
1.4 Quy trnh lm vic r rng, trch nhim khng chng cho
1.5 Quy trnh thc hin cng vic ph hp vi kh nng ca anh ch
2. iu kin lm vic
2.1 C s vt cht ti ni anh ch lm vic rt tt (nh xe, phng n, v sinh)
2.2 Phng tin lm vic (my tnh, bn gh) h tr rt tt cho cng vic
2.3 Mi trng lm vic (nh sng, nhit , m, ting n) an ton, thong mt v thoi mi
2.4 Gi gic lm vic c quy nh hp l
3. c im cng vic
3.1 Anh ch c th s dng tt nng lc c nhn cho cng vic ca mnh
3.2 Cng vic khng to ra p lc qu mc
3.3 Anh ch c th cn bng gia i sng c nhn v gia nh
3.4 Cng vic ca anh ch th v v anh ch yu thch cng vic ca mnh
4. Thu nhp (bao gm lng, thng, ph cp)
4.1 Mc lng hin ti tng xng vi nng lc ca anh ch
4.2 Anh ch hon ton sng tt vi mc lng hin ti
4.3 Anh ch hi lng v mc lng ca mnh so vi mc lng cng v tr ti cc cng ty khc
4.4 Tin lng ti cng ty anh ch c tr cng bng
4.5 Cng ty c nhiu h tr tt ngoi lng (v phc li, ph cp)
4.6 Anh ch rt hi lng vi quy nh v ch tng lng, phc li ti cng ty
5. c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin
5.1 Anh ch nhn c s phn hi v kt qu cng vic nhanh chng, kp thi
5.2 Anh ch c cng nhn y cc kt qu cng vic hon thnh
5.3 Kt qu cng vic ca anh ch c nh gi hp l v cng bng
5.4 Anh ch nhn c s khch l v khen thng khi hon thnh cng vic
6. Mi quan h vi cp trn
6.1 Anh ch n phc nng lc ca cp trn
6.2 Cp trn lun ng vin, h tr anh ch khi cn thit
6.3 Cp trn thn thin, lun lng nghe kin ca anh ch v tn trng anh ch
6.4 Cp trn ca anh ch lun i x cng bng vi nhn vin cp di
6.5 Cp trn ca anh ch lun thng bo kp thi v nhng thay i trong cng ty
7. S thng tin v pht trin ngh nghip
7.1 Anh ch c gii thiu v nh hng cng vic r rng trong ngy u tin lm vic
7.2 Cng ty thng xuyn m cc lp o to nng cao k nng lm vic
7.3 Kin thc t cc kha hc rt c ch, gip anh ch lm vic hiu qu hn
7.4 Cng ty nu r tiu chun, quy nh c thng tin
7.5 Cng ty lun to c hi thng tin cho ngi c nng lc
8. S thng cm cc vn c nhn
8.1 Anh ch nhn c s quan tm ca cp trn n tnh trng sc khe, tinh thn cng nh nhng s
kin ca c nhn anh ch
8.2 Anh ch lun nhn c s ng vin, chia s mi khi cn li khuyn
8.3 Anh ch c to iu kin hoc gip gii quyt cc kh khn c nhn
8.4 Anh ch c linh hot v gi gic khi thc hin cng vic
Mc ng
Mc ng
Mc ng
Mc ng
Mc ng
Mc ng
Mc ng
Mc ng
9. c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng vic

9.1 Anh ch c chia s v hiu rt r s mng, cc mc tiu chin lc ca cng ty
9.2 Anh ch c cp trn chia s thng tin quan trng v cng ty ( tng ca cp trn, nhn nh ca
cp trn)
9.3 Anh ch c hi kin, trao i, tham gia gii quyt nhng vn quan trng ca cng ty c lin
quan n mnh (quy trnh lm vic)
9.4 Anh ch hiu c mt cch tng i tm quan trng ca cng vic mnh ang lm so vi tng th
hot ng ca cng ty
10. Cng vic c m bo
10.1 Vai tr ca anh ch i vi cng ty l quan trng
10.2 Cng vic n nh, anh ch khng lo lng v vic c kh nng b sa thi
10.3 Tnh hnh kinh doanh ca cng ty n nh, pht trin tt
11. Mi quan h vi ng nghip
11.1 Khng kh lm vic lun vui v, thoi mi, thn thin
11.2 Anh ch thch lm vic chung vi cc ng nghip ca mnh
11.3 Anh ch hc hi c nhiu iu t ng nghip
11.4 Khi anh ch gp kh khn, ng nghip ca anh ch s c gng gip anh ch
12. Trao quyn
12.1 Cp trn phn cng cng vic v anh ch t thc hin
12.2 Cp trn tin v trao cho anh ch quyn ra quyt nh
12.3 Cp trn tin vo s nh gi kt qu cng vic ca anh ch
13. S hi lng i vi t chc
13.1 Anh ch cm thy vui khi nhng c gng ca mnh gp phn thc hin mc tiu ra ca cng ty
13.2 Nhn chung cng ty thu hiu v tha mn c nhng nhu cu, nguyn vng ca anh ch
13.3 Anh ch t ho khi mnh l mt thnh vin ca cng ty
13.4 Anh ch cm thy hi lng khi lm vic ti cng ty mnh
14. Lng trung thnh i vi t chc
14.1 Anh ch c nh lm vic lu di ti cng ty
14.2 Anh ch xem cng ty nh ngi nh th hai ca mnh
14.3 Anh ch sn sng ln ting bo v danh d, ti sn cho cng ty mnh
14.4 Anh ch s li d ni khc c ngh mc lng hp dn hn
Mc ng
Mc ng
Mc ng
Mc ng
Mc ng
Mc ng
Phn 2: THNG TIN C NHN

Xin anh ch vui lng cho bit mt s thng tin c nhn sau:
16. Loi hnh cng ty ang cng tc:
1. Sn xut
2. Dch v
17. Gii tnh:
1. Nam
2. N
18. Tui:
1. Di 30 tui
2. T 30 n 40 tui
19. Trnh hc vn: 1. THPT
3. Trn 40 tui
2. Trung cp 3. Cao ng 4. i hc
20. Tnh trng hn nhn:
1. Cha lp gia nh
2. lp gia nh
21. Thm nin cng tc:
1. Di 3 nm
3. T 5 - <10 nm
2. T 3 n di 5 nm
4. T 10 - < 15 nm
22. Chc danh hin ti:
5. Trn ai hc
5. T 15 nm tr ln
1. Qun l cp trung 2. T trng, chuyn vin

3. Nhn vin
4. Cng nhn
23. Thu nhp bnh qun/ thng (lng, thng, ph cp):

1. Di 4 triu ng
3. T 6 n di 8 triu ng
2. T 4 n di 6 triu ng
4. T 8 triu ng tr ln
--- o0o --Xin chn thnh cm n s quan tm v hp tc ca anh/ ch!
PH LC 2: DN BI THO LUN NHM

PHN 1: GII THIU
Xin cho cc anh ch!
Chng ti tn V Nguyn Hng Nhung v Trn Th Ngc Tho; l sinh vin
nm 4 ngnh Qun tr kinh doanh v Ngoi thng trng i hc Lc Hng. Hin
nay chng ti ang lao ng thc t ti Qu cng ty v nghin cu ti o lng
mc nh hng ca s hi lng n lng trung thnh ca nhn vin trong doanh
nghip c vn u t nc ngoi lm lun vn tt nghip. Mong cc anh ch
dnh cht thi gian tho lun vi chng ti v vn ny. Mc ch ca bui
tho lun ny nhm tm kim nhng nhn t nh hng n s hi lng v lng
trung thnh ca nhn vin.
PHN 2: XC NH CC THNH PHN CA S HI LNG V LNG
TRUNG THNH
2.1 Mt s cu hi m:
Xin anh ch cho bit kin ca mnh v:
-
Cc nhn t cu thnh nn s hi lng ca nhn vin? Yu t no quan trng
nht?
-
Cc nhn t cu thnh nn lng trung thnh ca nhn vin? Yu t no quan
trng nht?
-
Mi quan h gia s hi lng v lng trung thnh?
Cc c im c nhn c nh hng nh th no n s hi lng v lng
trung thnh ca nhn vin?

2.2 Gii thiu m hnh Mi yu t ng vin ca Foreman Facts (Vin quan
h lao ng New York, 1946) v xut kin iu chnh, b sung cho ph
hp vi tnh hnh thc t ti Cng ty:
Nhm tc gi gii thiu m hnh v gii thch v nh ngha ca tng nhn t.
ngh nhm tho lun cho kin v m hnh trn v iu chnh, b sung cc
bin quan st cho ph hp vi tnh hnh thc t ti cc doanh nghip c vn u t
nc ngoi
2.3 Tng hp kin v kt lun.

Qua qu trnh tho lun, nhm tc gi thu c mt s kt qu sau:
K lut kho lo: Nhm tho lun ngh b sung thm hai bin quan st l:
-
Quy trnh lm vic r rng, trch nhim khng chng cho.
Quy trnh thc hin cng vic ph hp vi kh nng ca nhn vin.
Cng vic th v: Nhm tho lun ngh i tn thnh c im cng

vic, v nhm cho rng c im cng vic l mt ci tn bao qut, th hin
chung cho tnh cht, c im cng vic. Bn cnh , nu p lc cng vic qu ln
cng d khin nhn vin mt mi, kh cn bng gia cng vic v i sng c nhn.
H cn mt cng vic c p lc va phi. V th nhm tho lun ngh thm vo
bin sau:
-
Cng vic khng to ra p lc qu mc.
Nhn vin c th cn bng gia i sng c nhn v gia nh.
Lng: Nhn vin trong cng ty hng thng c nhn cc khon gm

lng cn bn, thng, ph cp, phc li nn nhm tho lun ngh i tn
nhn t ny thnh Thu nhp ph hp hn. ng thi ngh b sung bin
quan st:
-
Nhn vin hi lng vi quy nh v tng lng, phc li ca cng
ty.
S trung thnh c nhn i vi cp trn: Nhm tho lun cho rng s trung
thnh ca nhn vin khng ch xut pht t cch qun l, x s ca cp trn, m cn
do nhiu yu t khc tc ng. Chnh v vy, nhm xut i tn thnh Mi quan
h vi cp trn.
S thng cm cc vn c nhn: nhm tho lun ngh b sung bin
quan st:
-
Nhn vin c linh hot v gi gic khi thc hin cng vic.
Trong nhng trng hp nhn vin gp kh khn t xut, nu c cng ty

to iu kin cho h linh hot v gi gic gii quyt cc vn c nhn, h s
cm thy thoi mi hn v sn sng cng hin ht kh nng ca mnh cho cng ty.
An ton cng vic: Nhn t ny mang ngha cng vic c n nh, t ri

ro mt vic, nn nhm tho lun cng ngh i tn thnh Cng vic c m
bo, ng thi lm r thm nhm cng b sung bin quan st:
-
Vai tr ca nhn vin i vi cng ty l quan trng.
Ngoi ra trong qu trnh trao i, nhm tho lun cn xut thm hai yu t
l Mi quan h vi ng nghip v Trao quyn nh sau:
Mi quan h vi ng nghip:
-
Khng kh lm vic lun vui v, thoi mi, thn thin.
Nhn vin thch lm vic chung vi cc ng nghip ca mnh.
Nhn vin hc hi c nhiu iu t ng nghip.
Khi nhn vin gp kh khn, ng nghip s c gng gip .
Trao quyn:
-
Cp trn phn cng cng vic v nhn vin t thc hin.
Cp trn tin v trao cho nhn vin quyn ra quyt nh.
Cp trn tin vo s nh gi kt qu cng vic ca nhn vin.
PHN 3: IU CHNH M HNH NGHIN CU V TIN HNH KHO

ST
Qua qu trnh tho lun, nhn thy nhng kin ng gp ca nhm l
ngha v ph hp vi iu kin, tnh hnh thc t ti cc doanh nghip hin nay, nn
nhm tc gi quyt nh ghi nhn v s b sung vo thang o v ni dung bng cu
hi kho st ca mnh.
PH LC 3: GII THIU CHUNG V

CNG TY C PHN AMATA (VIT NAM)
1. Gii thiu chung v Cng ty
1.1 Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin
1.1.1 Gii thiu chung:
-
Tn Cng ty
: CNG TY C PHN AMATA (VIT NAM)
Tn giao dch
: AMATA VIETNAM
Tr s chnh
: Phng Long Bnh, TP. Bin Ha, T. ng Nai
in thoi
: 061. 3991007
Vn phng lin lc : S 165, ng Nguyn Vn Tri, phng 11, Q. Ph
Fax: 061.3891251
Nhun, TP. H Ch Minh

-
in thoi
: 08.38450007
Email
: amatavn@hcm.vnn.vn
Tng Gim c
: HUNH NGC PHIN
P. Tng Gim c : PHM TH THANH HNG
Fax: 08.38443713
[Ngun: Nhm tc gi t su tm]

Ngnh ngh kinh doanh:
Tham gia vn ng u t vo KCN trn c s quy hoch pht trin c
duyt.
Thit k, san lp mt bng, xy dng hon chnh cc cng trnh k thut c
s h tng, tin nghi, tin ch cng cng, cc nh xng tiu chun, kho tng, sn
bi, cc cng trnh m bo mi sinh, mi trng; phng chng chy, n cho ton
KCN Amata; : Cho cc nh u t thu cc l t trong KCN c xy dng
xong cng trnh k thut h tng, cho thu hoc bn nh xng do Cng ty xy
dng trong KCN; Kinh doanh dch v kho bi phc v KCN; Tham gia vn chuyn
hng ha trong ni b KCN, t KCN n cc im giao nhn hng ha, cc c s
gia cng bn ngoi KCN v ngc li theo quy nh qun l vn chuyn hng ho
ca y ban nhn dn tnh ng Nai.
Kin ngh vi Ban Qun l KCN vic thnh lp x nghip ca cc t chc, c
nhn nc ngoi v Vit Nam trong KCN.
n nh biu tin thu t, ph dch v, tin nghi, tin ch cng cng vi s
chp thun ca Ban Qun l KCN.
u t xy dng khu thng mi, dch v v nh bn v cho thu vi
quy m 19,19 ha ti phng Long Bnh, TP. Bin Ha, tnh ng Nai.
1.1.2 Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca Cng ty:
Cng ty lin doanh pht trin KCN Long Bnh hin i c thnh lp theo
Hp ng lin doanh gia Cng ty Pht trin KCN Bin Ha (Sonadezi) v Amata
Corporation Public Company Limited (Thailand), trn c s cc Giy Php u t
s 1100/GP ngy 31 thng 12 nm 1994 ca y ban Nh nc v Hp tc v u
t (nay l B K hoch v u t) v cc Giy Php u t iu chnh s
1100/GPC ngy 28/04/1998, 1100/GPDDC2 ngy 14/02/2001, 1100/GPDDC2
ngy 02/10/2002, u t xy dng v kinh doanh c s h tng KCN Long Bnh
(AMATA) ti phng Long Bnh, thnh ph Bin Ha, tnh ng Nai. KCN Amata
chnh thc khai trng i vo hot ng ngy 22/12/1995, l mt trong nhng
Cng ty lin doanh c vn u t nc ngoi ti Vit Nam thc hin cng tc u
t h tng k thut v vn ng u t vo KCN ti tnh ng Nai.
Vi s chp thun ca Ban qun l cc KCN tnh ng Nai, ngy
07/05/2007 ti Giy chng nhn u t s 472022000132, Cng ty lin doanh pht
trin KCN Long Bnh hin i chnh thc ng k li doanh nghip theo hnh
thc Cng ty TNHH hai thnh vin vi tn gi l Cng ty TNHH Amata (Vit
Nam), ngnh ngh kinh doanh ca Cng ty vn c gi nguyn theo Giy Php
u t s 1100/GP.
Hin nay, theo Giy chng nhn u t s 472033000132 do Ban Qun l
cc KCN tnh ng Nai cp ngy 29/04/2009 Cng ty chuyn i loi hnh
doanh nghip thnh Cng ty C Phn Amata (Vit Nam).
V l mt doanh nghip lin doanh c vn u t nc ngoi u tin ti
ng Nai hot ng trong lnh vc kinh doanh h tng KCN nn thi gian u
Cng ty gp rt nhiu kh khn. Tuy nhin, nh s ng h, gip nhit tnh ca
cc c quan Trung ng, Tnh y, y ban Nhn dn v cc ban ngnh nn n nay
Cng ty n nh, pht trin nhanh chng v to c uy tn i vi khch hng
trong v ngoi nc.
1.2 S mnh
Cng ty C phn Amata (Vit Nam) l mt doanh nghip lin doanh c vn
u t nc ngoi, ngnh ngh kinh doanh ch yu l cung cp cc dch v lin
quan n bt ng sn: cho thu t, nh xng.
Vi h thng thit b hin i, i ng nhn vin c trnh v chuyn mn
cao, c nhiu kinh nghim, thc lao ng tt cng vi b my qun l nng ng,
Cng ty lun mong mun tha mn cao nht nhu cu ca khch hng, ng thi
khng ngng n lc nng cao vai tr, v th cng nh uy tn ca Cng ty.
1.3 Quy m hot ng ca Cng ty
Quy m v vn:
Vn iu l ca Cng ty l 20.400.000 USD, tng ng 365.996.000
VN c quy i ti ngy 01/01/2010 theo hng dn ti Thng t 244/2009/TTBTC ngy 31/12/2009 v vic hng dn sa i, b sung ch k ton doanh
nghip.
Vn gp ca Cng ty thc hin d n l 17.000.000 USD, tng ng
272.850.000.000 VN.
Thi gian hot ng ca d n l 50 nm k t ngy 31/12/1997.
Tin thc hin d n: D n KCN i vo hot ng kinh doanh t nm

1997.
Quy m v lao ng:
i ng cn b, cng nhn vin trong cng ty gm c 143 ngi, trong :
-
Ban TG: 2 ngi.
Phng Hnh Chnh: 26 ngi (bao gm: Nhn vin qun l, t ti x,

tp v, nh hng).
Phng Pht trin d n: 11 ngi.
Phng Kinh doanh: 9 ngi.
Phng K ton: 4 ngi.
Phng Cng trng: 82 ngi (bao gm: Nhn vin qun l, i bo
v, t cnh quan, t qun l mi trng, trm cp nc v t bo tr).

-
Phng K thut: 9 ngi.
Quy m ca d n:
Trc y, qui m ca d n gm 3 giai on trn tng din tch t khong
494,38 ha bao gm:
-
Giai on 1: din tch 129,18 ha (theo quy hoch c duyt ti
Quyt nh s 216/BXD/KTQH, ngy 26/08/1995, ca B Xy dng).

-
Giai on 2: din tch 232,5 ha (theo quy hoch c duyt ti
Quyt nh s 328/QD-BXD, ngy 26/03/2003, ca B Xy dng).

-
Giai on 2 m rng: din tch 132,7 ha (theo quy nh c duyt
ti Quyt nh s 3450/Q-UBND, ngy 15/01/2007, ca y ban Nhn dn tnh

ng Nai).
Tuy nhin, theo Quyt nh s 1328/Q-UBND ngy 01/06/2011 ca y
ban Nhn dn (UBND) tnh ng Nai ph duyt iu chnh v m rng quy hoch
chi tit 01/2000 ca KCN Amata, quy m ca KCN Amata c iu chnh din
tch thnh 513,01 bao gm:
Giai on 1 v 2 (iu chnh gim khu t 46,16): 448.52 ha.
Giai on 2 m rng: 64,49 ha Pha ng Bc KCN.

Bng Ph lc 3.1: Cc ngnh ngh thu ht u t vo KCN
1. Sn xut my vi tnh v cc ph kin;

2. Thc phm v ch bin thc phm;
3. Ch to, lp rp in, in t, c kh;
4. Sn phm da, may mc, len, giy dp (khng
thuc da);
5. N trang, hng m ngh, m phm;
6. Dng c y t, dng c th thao v chi tr
em;
7. Sn phm cng nghip t cao su, nha gm,
s, thy tinh;
8. Thp xy dng container bng thp, cc sn
phm kim loi;
9. Ch to xe hi, ph tng xe hi;
10. Sn xut v lp rp xe gn my, xe p;
11. King ni, king xy dng, ha cht cho b
tng;
12. ng lnh xut khu;
13. Dt (khng c nhum);
14. Nh my bt m, m n lin;
15. Cc sn phm hng tiu dng;
16. Bo tr my ko, nng c cc loi;
17. Ha m phm;
18. Sn cao cp cc loi;
19. Keo dn cng nghip;

20. S v sinh cao cp;
21. Bnh cha gas;
22. Bao b ng gi;
23. Giy v sinh v giy n;
24. Li nh c, si pe
25. Ha cht ht nha, bt mu cng nghip;
26. Dc phm;
27. Nng dc v thuc dit cn trng;
28. Cc cu kin b tng c sn, b tng ti;
29. Sn xut g;
30. Nc gii kht khng c gas;
31. Dng c gia nh;
32. Dy, cp in;
33. dng thit b dy hc;
34. Kho bi;
35. Vt liu, thit b trang tr ni tht;
36. Ha cht s dng trong lnh vc bo v mi
trng
37. Cc ngnh ngh khc
[Ngun: Phng Kinh doanh]

1.4 C cu t chc b my qun l
B my qun l ca Cng ty c t chc gn nh, hot ng c hiu qu
cao, cung cp kp thi mi thng tin phc v cho yu cu qun l. Cc phng ban
tham mu vi Ban Gim c theo tng chc nng, nhim v ca mnh gip Ban
Gim c a ra nhng quyt nh ng n nhm em li li ch cao nht cho
Cng ty.
Thng qua m hnh trc tuyn chc nng, mi quan h trc tuyn th hin s
tun th theo nguyn tc thng nht ch huy ca Cng ty, m bo cho s qun l
trc tip ca Tng Gim c n tng phng ban. y l c s thc hin cc quy
nh ca Tng Gim c mt cch nhanh chng, ng thi cng nhn c s phn
hi chnh xc, nhanh chng t cp di. Bn cnh , cp di cng c giao

quyn hn khai thc s sng to, ch ng trong cng vic. Vi mi quan h cht
ch nh trn, mi vn pht sinh trong qun l, hot ng kinh doanh u c th
c pht hin kp thi v c gii quyt mt cch nhanh chng, trit .
Ban Tng
Gim c
Tng
Gim c
Ph Tng
Tr l
Gim c
Ph Tng Gim c
Tr l
Tr l
Tng Gim c
Tng Gim c
Trng phng
Trng phng
Trng phng
K Ton
Trng phng
Trng phng
D n
K Thut
Cng Trng
Trng
Kinh Doanh
Hnh Chnh
T
Bo tr
T
Mi trng
T
Cnh quan
T
Bo v
T
Nh hng
Chuyn
Nhn s
Hu cn
vin
[Ngun: Phng Hnh chnh nhn s]

Hnh Ph lc 3.1: S t chc Cng ty
Chc nng, nhim v v mi quan h gia cc phng ban:
Cng ty c b my qun l theo m hnh trc tuyn chc nng. Tng gim
c l ngi i din theo lut php ca Cng ty, tham mu v h tr cho Tng
gim c l cc Ph tng gim c. Nguyn tc qun l l:
Ban Tng gim c (BTG) trc tip ch o trng phng. Cc trng
phng ch o trc tip cho cc ph phng ph trch cc cng vic chuyn mn.
Cc ph phng ch o nhn vin thc hin.
Hi ng qun tr:
- C chc nng quyt nh, thc hin cc quyn v ngha v ca Cng
ty khng thuc thm quyn ca i hi ng c ng.
Tng Gim c:
-
C quyn quyt nh v iu hnh mi chin lc ca Cng ty theo
chnh sch, php lut ca nh nc v mi hot ng kinh doanh ca Cng ty.

-
Chu trch nhim xy dng k hoch kinh doanh v hp ng vi
khch hng.
-
Trc tip ch o cc phng ban hot ng theo k hoch nh.
Quyt nh b nhim cc chc v cc cp, phng ban, n v thuc
Cng ty v tuyn dng nhn vin.

Ph Tng Gim c:
-
H tr cho Tng Gim c trong phm vi c phn cng.
Phng Hnh Chnh:

-
Tham mu cho BTG v t chc nhn s, cc ch chnh sch.
T chc, qun l lao ng tin lng.
Cng tc vn th hnh chnh lu tr.
Xc nh nhu cu lao ng hng nm lp k hoch tuyn dng.
Thc hin ch bo h lao ng, xy dng thi gian lm vic theo
Hng dn, kim sot, gim st vic thc hin cc ch , chnh sch
lut nh.
ca Cng ty, quy nh ca Nh nc v Php lut lin quan n nhn s, tin lng
v lao ng.
-
Thc hin v ngh ch thi vic, khen thng, k lut, bi
thng vt cht lut lao ng, xy dng thi gian lm vic theo thi gian lut nh.
-
Tham mu gii quyt nhng vn lao ng.
Qun l v xy dng h thng lng cho ton Cng ty.
Qun l bo him x hi v y t.
Theo di v khm sc khe nh k cho ngi lao ng.
Thc hin tr cp cho ch m au, thai sn, tai nn ngh nghip.
Lp h s th tc v qun l t ai ca Cng ty.
Xin cp quyn s dng t cho Cng ty v khch hng.
ng k lm vic vi cc c quan nh nc.
Tip nhn v trnh BTG cc cng vn i v n, phn phi cc cng
vn . Truyn t cc ch th ca BTG n cc phng ban ng thi theo di vic

thc hin cc ch th ca cp trn.
-
Xy dng mi quan h i ngoi tt p vi cc c quan, n v ngoi
Cng ty gip cho cc hot ng ca Cng ty c thun li.

Phng Kinh Doanh:
-
Tham mu v thc hin cng tc kinh doanh.
Thc hin k kt hp ng vi khch hng.
Son tho hp ng kinh doanh trnh BTG ph duyt v theo di
thc hin hp ng.

-
Thc hin cng tc xc tin tm kim khch hng.
Phng Pht Trin D n:

-
Tham mu v thc hin cc d n u t.
Theo di v thc hin cc d n u t.
Son tho hp ng kinh doanh trnh BTG ph duyt v theo di
thc hin hp ng.

-
Thc hin cng tc xc tin tm kim khch hng.
Phng Cng Trng:

-
Tham mu cho Lnh o tr li cho khch hng bng vn bn.
Thu nhn cung cp v tr li cc yu cu ca khch hng lin quan
n cng vic ca phng (Trc tip, in thoi, vn bn,) v t chc thc hin.
-
Lp h s cng vic phng (yu cu sa cha, thit k, hp ng, th
tc thanh ton, chm cng, ngh php).

-
Lp h s thanh ton bo him cho nhng cng trnh h hi c lin
quan n bo him.
-
Kt hp vi phng Hnh chnh t chc thc hin cng tc an ninh
trong ton KCN.

-
Thng xuyn kt hp vi cc b phn ca phng (bo tr, x l nc
thi, cnh quan, bo v) thc hin sa cha, bo hnh Nh Xng Xy Sn, duy
tu bo dng c s h tng KCN, phn cng ngi theo di bo co khi xy ra h
hng.
-
iu hnh, vn hnh cc trm x l nc thi.
Kim tra, gim st cht lng nc thi v mi trng cc nh my.
Ln k hoch v thc hin trng mi, chm sc, duy tu bo dng cy
c trong KCN.
-
Kt hp vi cc phng ban khc gii quyt nhng thc mc, nhng
tranh chp ca khch hng c lin quan.

Phng K Thut:
-
Tham mu, gip vic cho BTG Cng ty v qun l cng tc k
thut ca Cng ty.

-
Gip BTG Cng ty gim st, xy dng v trin khai cc d n u
t, cc cng tc xy dng c bn, duy tu, bo tr, bo dng.

-
Thc hin duy tr cng tc thng k v cung cp cc thng s k thut
ca cc cng trnh, d n , ang v chun b u t xy dng ca Cng ty

phc v cho cng tc tip th bn hng.
Thc hin gim st, xy dng cc cng trnh ca khch hng v Cng
ty theo quy nh ca KCN Amata.

-
Hng dn k thut nghip v c lin quan n cng tc xy dng c
bn, xut t chc cc lp hc tp, ph bin cc vn bn php quy mi v xy

dng c bn cho nhn vin k thut xy dng trong ton Cng ty.
-
Phi hp vi phng hnh chnh nhn s thc hin cng tc quan h
cng ng v bo v mi trng.
-
Tham gia m phn vi khch hng v cc cng vic lin quan n
cng tc xy dng c bn trong KCN.

-
Kim tra h hng v xut cc bin php sa cha.
Phng K Ton:
-
Chu trch nhim lm th tc thanh ton khi nhn y cc
chng t cn thit theo ng php lut.

-
Chu trch nhim lp bo co ti chnh hng qu, hng thng theo
ng quy nh.
-
Lp ngn sch, bo co cho hi ng qun tr hng qu.
Chu trch nhim v cc bo co thu phi np nh k tun th ng
chnh sch quy nh ca nh nc.

-
Cn i cc khon tin lun chuyn hin c tin hnh thanh ton.
Kim tra lu tr cc hp ng k kt vi khch hng.
Chu trch nhim: thu tin, lp giy bo n khi n hn thanh ton, lp
bng tng hp tnh hnh n cn tn ng, giao ha n hng thng cho khch hng
trong KCN.
-
Nhn bng lng hng thng, phn tch v i chiu s liu. Chun b
ngn sch thanh ton lng ng hn cho nhn vin.

-
Phi hp vi b phn hnh chnh qun l ti sn Cng ty.
Tnh ton ghi chp, th hin tt c cc nghip v kinh t pht sinh
theo th t thi gian trong n v bng gi tin t mt cch y , chnh xc, trung
thc, kp thi v c h thng.
-
Bo qun v lu tr ti liu k ton v cc ti liu khc c lin quan
n cng tc k ton.
u v nhc im ca c cu t chc:
-
u im:
Cc B phn thc hin theo s ch o ca Ban Tng Gim c mt cch

nhanh chng, ng thi cng nhn c s phn hi chnh xc, kp thi t cc
Trng BP. Bn cnh , Trng BP cng c giao quyn hn khai thc s
sng to, ch ng trong cng vic v iu phi nhn vin lm vic c hiu qu .
-
Nhc im:
Do c th ca Cng ty l c hai vn phng lm vic hai ni nn i khi

cng vic cha c phi hp nhanh chng v hiu qu nht.
Nhn chung, c cu trc tuyn chc nng th hin s linh hot trong vic
qun l v t chc thc hin ca Cng ty. iu ny hon ton ph hp vi c im
cng nh ngnh ngh kinh doanh ca Cng ty.
1.5 Kt qu hot ng kinh doanh
Bng Ph lc 3.2: Doanh thu qua cc nm t nm 2009 2011
n v tnh: T ng
T l tng
Nm
2009
2010
2011
So snh nm 2010 So snh nm 2011

vi nm 2009
vi nm 2010
Doanh thu
127.25
157.377
177.836
123.68%
113%
Np ngn sch
17.334
32.65
80
188.36%
245%
Li nhun
43.094
76
110
176.36%
144.7%
[Ngun: Phng Kinh doanh]

Nhn vo bng s liu thng k v doanh thu ca Cng ty qua cc nm ta c
th thy c tnh hnh kinh doanh ca Cng ty kh tt, doanh thu v li nhun tng
u qua cc nm, c th nhn thy nguyn nhn dn n vic gia tng ny l do cht
lng dch v ngy cng tng, thu ht nhiu khch hng u t vo KCN, m rng
cc d n xy dng khu thng mi, doanh thu tng ni tri nht l vo nm
2010, tc tng t 23.68% so vi nm 2009, ng vi gi tr 157.377 t ng,
ng thi li nhun cng tng theo v tng mnh nht vo nm 2010 chim t l
tng 76.36%, ng vi gi tr 76 t ng.
1.2 Thc trng tnh hnh ngun nhn lc ti Cng ty C phn Amata
(Vit Nam)
C cu lao ng 6 thng cui nm 2011
Bng Ph lc 3.3 a: C cu lao ng theo tui
tui
S lng
T l (%)
Di 30 tui
27
19
T 30 n 40 tui
58
40.5
Trn 40 tui
58
40.5
143
100
Tng
[Ngun: Nhm tc gi t tng hp]

Lc lng lao ng ti Cng ty ch yu l lao ng tui trung bnh t
30 n 40 tui v trn 40 tui, u chim t l 40.5%, lao ng di 30 tui ch
chim t l 19%.
Bng Ph lc 3.3 b: C cu lao ng theo gii tnh
S lng
T l (%)
Nam
91
64
52
36
143
100
Gii tnh
Tng

Do tnh cht c th ca Cng ty l qun l v kinh doanh c s h tng
KCN, nn lao ng nam chim t l cao hn lao ng n; c bit l trong i bo
v, bo tr, cp nc, x l nc thi, cnh quan.
Bng Ph lc 3.3 c: C cu lao ng theo trnh hc vn

Trnh hc vn
S lng
T l (%)
THPT
77
54
Trung cp, cao ng
17
12
i hc
47
33
Trn i hc
143
100
Tng

Nhn vin c trnh trung hc ph thng chim t l cao 54%; trong khi
trung cp v cao ng ch chim 12%, nhn vin c trnh i hc cng chim t
l cao 33%, ch yu l qun l cp trung v nhn vin lm vic ti cc phng ban;
trn i hc ch chim 1%. Nh vy, xt theo trnh hc vn th ti Cng ty ngun
nhn lc c trnh cao v ngun nhn lc trnh lao ng ph thng l xp x
nhau. iu ny c l gii bi s lng nhn vin lm vic ti cc cng trng
xy dng chim t l ti gn na trong tng lao ng ti Cng ty.
Bng Ph lc 3.3 d: C cu lao ng theo thm nin
S lng
T l (%)
Di 3 nm
16
11.2
T 3 n di 5 nm
23
16.1
T 5 n di 10 nm
53
37
T 10 n di 15 nm
25
17.5
Trn 15 nm
26
18.2
143
100
Thm nin
Tng

Chim t l cao nht 37% l nhng nhn vin lm vic t 5 nm n di 10
nm; t 10 n 15 nm cng chim t l cao 35.7%, y l lc lng nng ct ca
Cng ty nn cn c chnh sch gi h li lu di vi Cng ty; bn cnh
nhng nhn vin lm vic di 3 nm chim t l 11.2%, nh vy t nm 2009, tuy
t l tuyn dng nhn vin hng nm thp nhng lng nhn vin mi ny cng s
mt phn no nh hng ti hot ng kinh doanh ca Cng ty v nhn vin mi

cha quen vic, cn c hng dn v o to.
Bng Ph lc 3.3 e: C cu lao ng theo v tr lm vic
S lng
T l (%)
Qun l
12
Nhn vin
126
88
143
100
V tr lm vic
T trng, chuyn vin

Tng

Xt C cu lao ng theo v tr lm vic, nhn vin chim t l ng nht vi
88%, trong bao gm nhn vin lm vic ti cc phng ban, ti cc t bo v, t
mi trng, t hu cn, trong lc lng nhn vin vn phng v nhn vin k
thut c trnh ch yu t cao ng n i hc chim mt s lng ng k
to iu kin thun li trong qu trnh gii quyt cc vn v cht lng, qun l
cng vic mt cch hiu qu. Mc d qun l ch chim t l 8% nhng do lc
lng lao ng ti Cng ty ch c 143 ngi nn t l ny cng khng phi l qu
thp. Bn cnh , t trng ti cc t thuc cc phng ban v chuyn vin chim
t l 4%.
Bng Ph lc 3.3 f: C cu lao ng theo tnh trng hn nhn
Tnh trng hn nhn
Cha lp gia nh
lp gia nh
Tng
S lng
33
110
143
T l (%)
23
77
100
Nhn vo bng c cu lao ng theo tnh trng hn nhn ta thy s lao ng

lp gia nh chim t l kh cao (gp hn 3 ln so vi lao ng cha lp gia
nh). T l lao ng kt hn cao (cng vi cc chnh sch i ng, qun l nhn
s,ca Cng ty) cng th hin mt phn nguyn nhn tnh hnh nhn s ti Cng
ty t bin ng qua cc nm.
Bng Ph lc 3.3 g: C cu lao ng theo thu nhp

Thu nhp
Di 4 triu ng
T 4 n di 6 triu ng
T 6 n di 8 triu ng
Trn 8 triu ng
Tng
S lng
T l (%)
72
50.3
16
11.2
30
21
25
17.5
143
100
Thu nhp hin ti ca nhn vin bao gm cc khon ph cp (ph cp i

li, t , cm tra, ); nhn vin c thu nhp di 4 triu ng chim t l cao
trong tng c cu lao ng 50.3%, nhng nhn vin ny ch yu lm vic ti cc t
thuc phng Cng trng, c trnh THPT; nhn vin cc phng ban n qun l
cp trung v cp cao c thu nhp t 4 n di 6 triu ng chim t l 11.2%, t 6
n trn 8 triu ng chim t l kh cao l 21%, trn 8 triu ng chim t l
17.5%. Nhn chung, mc thu nhp ca nhn vin trong Cng ty tng i ph hp
vi trnh ca h.
PH LC 4: THNG K M T MU NGHIN CU
THNG K M T V CC YU T NH HNG N S HI
LNG V LNG TRUNG THNH CA NHN VIN
Nhm DN FDI dch v
Yu t
Min Max Mean Std. Deviation
K lut kho lo
95 3.00 5.00 4.08
0.55
iu kin lm vic
c im cng vic
95 3.25 5.00 4.44

95 2.00 5.00 3.42
0.55
0.63
Thu nhp
Quan h vi cp trn
95 1.83 4.33 3.15

95 2.00 3.75 3.37
95 2.00 4.80 3.72
0.66
0.71
0.59

95 1.20 4.40 3.25

95 2.00 5.00 3.35
0.76
0.78
c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng

95 2.00 5.00 3.14
vic
0.72
Cng vic c m bo
Trao quyn
0.67
0.64
0.72
95 2.00 5.00 3.42

95 2.00 5.00 3.90
95 2.00 4.00 3.03

Nhm DN FDI sn xut:
Yu t
K lut kho lo
iu kin lm vic
322 1.60 5.00 3.91

322 1.00 5.00 3.71
0.68
0.90
c im cng vic
Thu nhp
322 1.50 5.00 3.40

322 1.33 4.83 3.33
0.77
0.86
322 1.50 5.00 3.35
0.84
322 1.40 4.80 3.67
0.84
322 1.80 4.60 3.34

322 1.50 5.00 3.34
0.79
0.91
c nh gi y cc cng vic thc

hin
Quan h vi cp trn
Min Max Mean Std. Deviation
c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng

322 1.00 5.00 2.79
vic
Cng vic c m bo
322 1.00 5.00 3.44
Trao quyn
322 1.50 5.00 3.77

322 1.33 5.00 3.02
0.99
0.79
0.83
0.90
THNG K M T V S HI LNG CA NHN VIN

Nhm DN FDI dch v
Descriptive Statistics
N
Minimum Maximum
Statistic Statistic
Sat1
Sat2
Sat3
Sat4
Valid N
(listwise)
95
95
95
95
2
2
2
2
Mean
Statistic Statistic
4
4
4
4
3.66
2.91
3.20
2.88
Std.
Deviation
Skewness
Kurtosis
Std.
Std.
Std.
Statistic Statistic
Statistic
Error
Error
Error
.057
.085
.065
.090
.558
.826
.629
.874
-1.432
.180
-.178
.229
.247
.247
.247
.247
1.139
-1.514
-.551
-1.662
.490
.490
.490
.490
95

Nhm DN FDI sn xut
N
Minimum Maximum
Statistic Statistic
Sat1
Sat2
Sat3
Sat4
Valid N
(listwise)
322
322
322
322
2
1
2
1
Mean
Statistic Statistic
5
5
5
5
3.52
2.57
3.43
2.57
Std.
Deviation
Skewness
Kurtosis
Std.
Std.
Std.
Statistic Statistic
Statistic
Error
Error
Error
.036
.048
.037
.050
.652
.863
.667
.898
-.228
1.213
-.064
1.247
.136
.136
.136
.136
-.183
.445
-.238
.249
.271
.271
.271
.271
322
THNG K M T V LNG TRUNG THNH CA NHN VIN

Nhm DN FDI dch v
N
Minimu Maximu
m
m
Mean
Std.
Deviatio
n
Skewness
Kurtosis
Std.
Std.
Std.
Statisti
Statisti
Statisti
Statisti
Statistic Statistic
Erro Statistic
Erro
Erro
c
c
c
c
r
r
r
Loy1
Loy2
Loy3
Loy4
Valid N
(listwis
e)
95
95
95
95
2
2
2
2
5
5
5
4
3.29
3.02
3.57
2.69
.073
.086
.065
.075
.713
.838
.630
.730
-.320
.293
-.655
.547
.247
.247
.247
.247
-.683
-.784
.070
-.943
.490
.490
.490
.490
95

Nhm DN FDI sn xut
N
Minimu Maximu
m
m
Mean
Std.
Deviatio
n
Skewness
Kurtosis
Std.
Std.
Std.
Statisti
Statisti
Statisti
Statisti
Statistic Statistic
Erro Statistic
Erro
Erro
c
c
c
c
r
r
r
Loy1
Loy2
Loy3
Loy4
Valid N
(listwis
e)
322
322
322
322
2
2
2
2
5
5
5
5
3.29
2.84
3.39
2.54
.048
.050
.040
.046
.858
.889
.721
.832
-.206
.537
-.253
1.261
.136 -.997 .271

.136 -1.016 .271
.136 -.432 .271
.136 .314 .271
322
PH LC 5: KT QU KIM NH TIN CY CA THANG O

KHO ST TI NHM DOANH NGHIP FDI DCH V
Scale Mean if Scale Variance if
Corrected ItemItem Deleted
Item Deleted
Total Correlation
Thang o K lut kho lo
Dis1
16.21
4.423
.769
Dis2
16.26
4.175
.801
Dis3
16.34
3.800
.840
Dis4
16.38
3.600
.840
Dis5
16.45
3.527
.834
Thang o iu kin lm vic
Con1
13.23
2.137
.795
Con2
13.22
2.110
.819
Con3
13.23
2.073
.803
Con4
13.53
2.039
.540
Thang o c im cng vic
Job1
10.33
2.648
.631
Job2
10.42
2.395
.712
Job3
10.40
2.306
.808
Job4
10.73
2.648
.454
Thang o Thu nhp
Wag1
15.62
7.046
.634
Wag2
16.03
5.648
.665
Wag3
15.84
6.624
.694
Wag4
15.69
7.087
.697
Wag5
15.48
7.231
.640
Wag6
15.75
7.212
.641
Thang o c nh gi y cc cng vic thc hin
App1
9.92
3.738
.641
App2
10.04
3.317
.777
App3
10.12
3.103
.830
App4
10.35
3.293
.572
Thang o Mi quan h vi cp trn
Man1
14.68
4.835
.021
Man2
14.82
3.021
.731
Man3
14.81
3.028
.735
Man4
14.99
2.862
.734
Man5
15.09
3.002
.668
Thang o S thng tin v pht trin ngh nghip
Pro1
12.92
5.355
.554
Pro2
13.38
4.961
.532
Pro3
13.29
4.912
.622
Pro4
12.92
5.291
.610
Pro5
12.59
6.223
.508
Cronbach's Alpha
if Item Deleted
.925
.919
.911
.901
.902
.905
.867
.804
.795
.798
.927
.819
.777
.738
.693
.866
.856
.834
.843
.822
.826
.834
.834
.853
.836
.780
.753
.877
.803
.874
.716
.715
.713
.738
.782
.742
.755
.718
.724
.762
Thang o S thng cm cc vn c nhn

Sym1
9.87
4.388
.743
Sym2
9.96
4.019
.834
Sym3
10.08
4.035
.756
Sym4
10.28
4.376
.617
Thang o c tng tc v chia s thng tin trong cng vic
Bei1
8.97
4.350
.579
Bei2
9.64
3.722
.823
Bei3
9.54
3.443
.897
Bei4
9.49
3.572
.887
Thang o Cng vic c m bo
Sec1
7.02
1.766
.813
Sec2
6.84
1.560
.897
Sec3
6.68
1.580
.822
Thang o Mi quan h vi ng nghip
Col1
11.61
3.198
.793
Col2
11.69
2.831
.804
Col3
11.76
2.909
.729
Col4
11.71
2.955
.808
Thang o Trao quyn
Emp1
5.76
1.696
.667
Emp2
6.19
1.708
.811
Emp3
6.22
1.791
.772
Thang o S hi lng i vi t chc
Sat1
8.99
3.202
.455
Sat2
9.75
2.425
.510
Sat3
9.45
3.378
.280
Sat4
9.77
1.988
.678
Thang o Lng trung thnh i vi t chc
Loy1
9.28
3.227
.416
Loy2
9.56
2.802
.462
Loy3
9.01
2.989
.649
Loy4
9.88
2.720
.641
.876
.839
.802
.832
.889
.908
.950
.870
.842
.846
.922
.912
.842
.906
.901
.871
.863
.893
.862
.866
.894
.753
.790
.684
.637
.591
.720
.452
.739
.741
.730
.625
.614
PH LC 6: KT QU PHN TCH NHN T

KT QU CHY EFA CC BIN C LP
KT QU CHY EFA LN 1:
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling
Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test of
Approx. Chi-Square
Sphericity
df
Sig.
.652
4022.239
1275
.000

Total Variance Explained
Initial Eigenvalues
Extraction Sums of
Squared Loadings
Rotation Sums of Squared

Loadings
% of Cumulative
% of Cumulative
% of Cumulative
Component Total Variance
%
Total Variance
%
Total Variance
%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
8.115
5.904
4.658
3.400
3.055
2.899
2.699
2.237
1.880
1.671
1.349
15.912
11.577
9.134
6.668
5.990
5.683
5.293
4.387
3.685
3.276
2.645
15.912 8.115
27.489 5.904
36.623 4.658
43.291 3.400
49.281 3.055
54.964 2.899
60.257 2.699
64.644 2.237
68.329 1.880
71.606 1.671
74.251 1.349
15.912
11.577
9.134
6.668
5.990
5.683
5.293
4.387
3.685
3.276
2.645
15.912 4.489
27.489 3.747
36.623 3.383
43.291 3.316
49.281 3.209
54.964 3.133
60.257 3.122
64.644 3.044
68.329 3.000
71.606 2.969
74.251 2.916
8.802
7.347
6.634
6.502
6.293
6.143
6.121
5.969
5.883
5.821
5.718
8.802
16.149
22.783
29.285
35.578
41.721
47.842
53.811
59.694
65.515
71.233
1.300
2.548
76.799 1.300
2.548
76.799 2.839
5.566
76.799
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotated Component Matrixa

Component
1
Dis3
Dis2
Dis5
Dis4
Dis1
Wag3
Wag2
Wag1
Wag6
Wag4
Wag5
Col4
Col2
Col3
Col1
App3
App2
App4
App1
Man1
Bei1
Man2
Man3
Man4
Man5
Sym2
Sym3
Sym1
Sym4
Con2
Con3
Con1
Con4
Bei4
Bei3
.863
.862
.842
.837
.832
.812
.765
.763
.761
.757
.674
.884
.861
.844
.840
.839
.774
.735
.639
.840
.819
.815
.745
.857
.837
.776
.689
.814
.813
.808
.795
.810
.797
10
11
12
Bei2
.749
Sec2
.885
Sec1
.866
Sec3
.857
Pro3
.803
Pro4
.792
Pro1
.691
Pro2
.646
Pro5
.598
Job3
.875
Job2
.861
Job1
.744
Job4
.572
Emp3
.854
Emp2
.763
Emp1
.668
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a.
Rotation converged in 10 iterations.
KT QU CHY EFA LN 2:
Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test of
Approx. Chi-Square
Sphericity
df
Sig.
.655
3893.987
1176
.000

Extraction Sums of
Squared Loadings
Initial Eigenvalues
Rotation Sums of
Squared Loadings
% of
% of
% of
Componen
Varianc Cumulativ
Varianc Cumulativ
Varianc Cumulativ
t
Total
e
e%
Total
e
e%
Total
e
e%
1
7.73
15.776
0
5.86
11.959
0
4.51
9.222
9
3.39
6.927
4
3.02
6.174
5
2.89
5.903
2
2.69
5.497
4
2.16
4.427
9
1.85
3.791
8
1.65
3.377
5
1.32
2.694
0
1.22
2.505
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
15.776
27.735
36.957
43.884
50.058
55.961
61.458
65.885
69.676
73.053
75.747
78.252
7.73
15.776
0
5.86
11.959
0
4.51
9.222
9
3.39
6.927
4
3.02
6.174
5
2.89
5.903
2
2.69
5.497
4
2.16
4.427
9
1.85
3.791
8
1.65
3.377
5
1.32
2.694
0
1.22
2.505
7
15.776
27.735
36.957
43.884
50.058
55.961
61.458
65.885
69.676
73.053
75.747
78.252
4.49
1
3.72
4
3.37
9
3.18
5
3.10
7
3.10
5
3.07
8
3.04
6
2.95
1
2.77
8
2.75
8
2.74
1
9.165
9.165
7.601
16.765
6.896
23.661
6.499
30.160
6.340
36.500
6.338
42.838
6.282
49.120
6.216
55.336
6.023
61.359
5.670
67.029
5.629
72.658
5.594
78.252

1
Dis3
Dis2
Dis5
Dis4
Dis1
.866
.863
.843
.838
.835
Component
6
7
10
11
12
Wag3
Wag1
Wag6
Wag4
Wag2
Wag5
Col4
Col2
Col3
Col1
Man2
Man3
Man4
Man5
Con2
Con3
Con1
Con4
App3
App2
App4
App1
Sym2
Sym3
Sym1
Sym4
Sec2
Sec3
Sec1
Pro3
Pro4
Pro1
Pro2
Pro5
Job3
Job2
Job1
Job4
Emp3
.810
.770
.764
.762
.752
.680
.888
.862
.843
.839
.852
.830
.813
.750
.825
.819
.814
.796
.873
.806
.712
.708
.848
.840
.779
.715
.892
.864
.859
.804
.793
.692
.652
.596
.875
.853
.705
.669
.858
Emp2
Emp1
Bei4
Bei3
Bei2
a. Rotation converged in 8 iterations.
.778
.678
.790
.776
.729
KT QU CHY EFA CC BIN PH THUC

Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test of
Approx. Chi-Square
Sphericity
df
Sig.
.789
323.895
28
.000

Initial Eigenvalues
Extraction Sums of
Squared Loadings

Loadings
% of Cumulative
% of Cumulative
% of Cumulative
%
Total Variance
%
Total Variance
%
1
2
3.808
1.312
47.605
16.400
47.605 3.808
64.004 1.312
47.605
16.400
47.605 2.971
64.004 2.149
37.143
26.861
37.143
64.004

Rotated Component
Matrixa
Component
1
Sat4
.835
Sat2
.822
Sat3
.820
Sat1
.815
Loy1
.815
Loy4
.698
Loy2
.645
Loy3
.609
PH LC 7: KT QU KIM NH TIN CY SAU EFA

Item Deleted
Total Correlation
Dis1
16.21
4.423
.769
Dis2
16.26
4.175
.801
Dis3
16.34
3.800
.840
Dis4
16.38
3.600
.840
Dis5
16.45
3.527
.834
Con1
13.23
2.137
.795
Con2
13.22
2.110
.819
Con3
13.23
2.073
.803
Con4
13.53
2.039
.540
Job1
10.33
2.648
.631
Job2
10.42
2.395
.712
Job3
10.40
2.306
.808
Job4
10.73
2.648
.454
Thang o Thu nhp
Wag1
15.62
7.046
.634
Wag2
16.03
5.648
.665
Wag3
15.84
6.624
.694
Wag4
15.69
7.087
.697
Wag5
15.48
7.231
.640
Wag6
15.75
7.212
.641
App1
9.92
3.738
.641
App2
10.04
3.317
.777
App3
10.12
3.103
.830
App4
10.35
3.293
.572
Man2
10.91
2.895
.734
Man3
10.89
2.904
.738
Man4
11.07
2.707
.756
Man5
11.18
2.829
.697
Pro1
12.92
5.355
.554
Pro2
13.38
4.961
.532
Pro3
13.29
4.912
.622
Pro4
12.92
5.291
.610
Pro5
12.59
6.223
.508
Cronbach's Alpha
if Item Deleted
.925
.919
.911
.901
.902
.905
.867
.804
.795
.798
.927
.819
.777
.738
.693
.866
.856
.834
.843
.822
.826
.834
.834
.853
.836
.780
.753
.877
.874
.838
.837
.829
.853
.782
.742
.755
.718
.724
.762

Sym1
9.87
4.388
.743
Sym2
9.96
4.019
.834
Sym3
10.08
4.035
.756
Sym4
10.28
4.376
.617
Bei2
6.06
2.124
.822
Bei3
5.96
1.871
.933
Bei4
5.92
1.950
.935
Sec1
7.02
1.766
.813
Sec2
6.84
1.560
.897
Sec3
6.68
1.580
.822
Col1
11.61
3.198
.793
Col2
11.69
2.831
.804
Col3
11.76
2.909
.729
Col4
11.71
2.955
.808
Thang o Trao quyn
Emp1
5.76
1.696
.667
Emp2
6.19
1.708
.811
Emp3
6.22
1.791
.772
Sat1
8.99
3.202
.455
Sat2
9.75
2.425
.510
Sat3
9.45
3.378
.280
Sat4
9.77
1.988
.678
Loy1
9.28
3.227
.416
Loy2
9.56
2.802
.462
Loy3
9.01
2.989
.649
Loy4
9.88
2.720
.641
.876
.839
.802
.832
.889
.950
.981
.898
.897
.922
.912
.842
.906
.901
.871
.863
.893
.862
.866
.894
.753
.790
.684
.637
.591
.720
.452
.739
.741
.730
.625
.614
PH LC 8: KT QU HI QUY KHO ST TI
NHM DOANH NGHIP FDI DCH V
KT QU HI QUY V S NH HNG CA CC YU T N
S HI LNG CA NHN VIN I VI T CHC:
Model Summaryb
Model
R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
DurbinWatson
1
.801
.698
.39885
2.209
.624
a. Predictors: (Constant), EMPa, CONa, JOBa, COLa, WAGa, PROa,
SECa, MANa, APPa, DISa, SYMa, BEIa
b. Dependent Variable: SATa

ANOVAb
Sum of
Squares
Model
1
df
Mean Square
Regression
12.927
12
1.077
Residual
13.044
82
.159
F
6.772
Sig.
.000a
Total
25.971
94
a. Predictors: (Constant), EMPa, CONa, JOBa, COLa, WAGa, PROa, SECa,
MANa, APPa, DISa, SYMa, BEIa
b. Dependent Variable: SATa
Coefficientsa
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Model
1
a.
(Constant)
Standardized
Coefficients
Std. Error
Beta
Collinearity
Statistics
t
Sig.
Tolerance
VIF
.657
.739
.889
.377
DISa
-.143
.104
-.133 -1.379
.172
.657
1.522
CONa
.008
.101
.007
.076
.939
.745
1.342
JOBa
.135
.092
.131
1.463
.147
.762
1.313
WAGa
.087
.086
.085
1.014
.314
.869
1.150
APPa
.168
.086
.190
1.945
.055
.641
1.561
MANa
-.062
.086
-.064
-.714
.477
.753
1.329
PROa
-.012
.079
-.013
-.149
.882
.860
1.162
SYMa
.161
.076
.205
2.121
.037
.658
1.520
BEIa
-.070
.081
-.093
-.867
.388
.537
1.862
SECa
.078
.078
.093
.999
.321
.701
1.426
COLa
.091
.078
.098
1.165
.247
.866
1.155
EMPa
.350
.082
Dependent Variable: SATa
.424
4.252
.000
.615
1.627

LNG TRUNG THNH CA NHN VIN I VI T CHC:
Model Summaryb
Model
R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
DurbinWatson
1
.805
.655
.39999
2.077
.647
a. Predictors: (Constant), EMPa, CONa, JOBa, COLa, WAGa, PROa,
SECa, MANa, APPa, DISa, SYMa, BEIa
b. Dependent Variable: LOYa
ANOVAb
Sum of
Squares
Model
1
df
Mean Square
Regression
15.078
12
1.256
Residual
13.119
82
.160
Sig.
7.853
.000a
Total
28.197
94
a. Predictors: (Constant), EMPa, CONa, JOBa, COLa, WAGa, PROa, SECa,
MANa, APPa, DISa, SYMa, BEIa

Coefficientsa
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Model
1
Std. Error
(Constant)
.115
.741
DISa
.130
.104
CONa
-.064
JOBa
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
Collinearity
Statistics
t
Sig.
Tolerance
VIF
.155
.877
.116
1.245
.217
.657
1.522
.101
-.055
-.634
.528
.745
1.342
.060
.092
.056
.647
.520
.762
1.313
WAGa
.100
.086
.094
1.163
.248
.869
1.150
APPa
.235
.086
.256
2.724
.008
.641
1.561
MANa
-.143
.087
-.144 -1.656
.102
.753
1.329
PROa
-.083
.079
-.085 -1.047
.298
.860
1.162
SYMa
.095
.076
.116
1.248
.216
.658
1.520
BEIa
-.005
.081
-.007
-.066
.948
.537
1.862
SECa
.078
.079
.089
.993
.324
.701
1.426
COLa
.153
.078
.158
1.956
.054
.866
1.155
.083
.422
4.395
.000
.615
1.627
EMPa
.363
a. Dependent Variable: LOYa
KT QU HI QUY V NH HNG CA S HI LNG N

Model Summaryb
Model
Adjusted R
Square
R Square
a
1
.802
.643
a. Predictors: (Constant), SATa
Std. Error of
the Estimate
DurbinWatson
.37217
.638
1.611

ANOVAb
Sum of
Squares
Model
1
df
Mean Square
Regression
15.316
Residual
12.882
93
Total
28.197
a. Predictors: (Constant), SATa
94
Sig.
15.316 110.574
.000a
.139

Coefficientsa
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Model
1
(Constant)
Std. Error
.716
SATa
.768
a. Dependent Variable: LOYa
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
Collinearity
Statistics
t
Sig.
.234
3.056
.003
.073
.737 10.515
.000
Tolerance
1.000
VIF
1.000
PH LC 9: KT QU KIM NH TIN CY TRC EFA

KHO ST TI NHM DOANH NGHIP FDI SN XUT
Item Deleted
Total Correlation
Dis1
15.61
4.793
.659
Dis2
15.57
5.018
.645
Dis3
15.54
4.767
.720
Dis4
15.77
4.456
.611
Dis5
15.65
4.944
.664
Con1
11.17
5.085
.572
Con2
11.17
4.803
.691
Con3
11.29
4.600
.673
Con4
10.86
5.510
.616
Job1
9.90
4.295
.592
Job2
10.32
3.390
.686
Job3
10.27
3.467
.726
Job4
10.29
3.684
.615
Thang o Thu nhp
Wag1
16.59
10.062
.656
Wag2
16.96
10.235
.543
Wag3
16.85
10.080
.675
Wag4
16.48
10.481
.694
Wag5
16.27
12.340
.615
Wag6
16.62
12.030
.521
App1
9.82
4.865
.634
App2
10.01
4.477
.754
App3
10.01
4.346
.777
App4
10.32
4.504
.550
Man1
14.48
9.976
.460
Man2
14.81
6.503
.817
Man3
14.75
6.661
.791
Man4
14.68
7.135
.715
Man5
14.60
8.185
.578
Pro1
13.12
6.950
.380
Pro2
13.65
4.527
.817
Pro3
13.54
4.710
.754
Pro4
13.58
4.748
.737
Pro5
12.82
8.520
-.012
Cronbach's Alpha
if Item Deleted
.846
.813
.818
.798
.833
.813
.815
.797
.740
.749
.779
.825
.808
.762
.742
.796
.830
.792
.822
.787
.784
.811
.819
.838
.811
.760
.748
.859
.851
.869
.774
.782
.805
.841
.770
.896
.733
.762
.771
.844

Sym1
9.94
5.516
.769
Sym2
10.03
5.482
.759
Sym3
9.93
5.955
.685
Sym4
10.21
5.371
.624
Bei1
8.19
7.219
.492
Bei2
8.52
6.250
.806
Bei3
8.43
6.178
.742
Bei4
8.36
6.100
.782
Sec1
7.07
2.213
.675
Sec2
6.83
2.013
.851
Sec3
6.74
2.200
.788
Col1
11.30
5.744
.629
Col2
11.26
4.840
.850
Col3
11.30
4.946
.809
Col4
11.42
4.120
.827
Thang o Trao quyn
Emp1
5.71
3.198
.553
Emp2
6.20
2.486
.845
Emp3
6.21
2.464
.847
Sat1
8.57
4.090
.564
Sat2
9.52
3.309
.620
Sat3
8.66
4.087
.544
Sat4
9.53
2.935
.734
Loy1
8.77
3.839
.504
Loy2
9.22
3.962
.429
Loy3
8.67
4.011
.602
Loy4
9.52
3.465
.683
.858
.793
.796
.828
.861
.856
.900
.773
.798
.781
.880
.916
.754
.814
.896
.913
.837
.852
.851
.863
.967
.706
.704
.795
.768
.740
.775
.675
.751
.718
.763
.671
.615
PH LC 10: KT QU PHN TCH NHN T

KT QU CHY EFA CC BIN C LP
KT QU CHY EFA LN 1:
Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test of
Approx. Chi-Square
Sphericity
df
Sig.
.739
13896.770
1275
.000

Initial Eigenvalues
Extraction Sums of
Squared Loadings

Loadings
% of Cumulative
% of Cumulative
% of Cumulative
%
Total Variance
%
Total Variance
%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
9.669
5.001
3.858
3.281
2.913
2.676
2.302
1.960
1.817
1.697
1.535
1.270
18.959
9.805
7.564
6.433
5.712
5.246
4.513
3.843
3.563
3.327
3.010
2.490
18.959 9.669
28.764 5.001
36.328 3.858
42.761 3.281
48.474 2.913
53.720 2.676
58.233 2.302
62.077 1.960
65.640 1.817
68.967 1.697
71.977 1.535
74.468 1.270
18.959
9.805
7.564
6.433
5.712
5.246
4.513
3.843
3.563
3.327
3.010
2.490
18.959 3.526
28.764 3.524
36.328 3.407
42.761 3.383
48.474 3.305
53.720 3.206
58.233 3.168
62.077 3.139
65.640 3.034
68.967 2.891
71.977 2.810
74.468 2.586
6.913
6.909
6.680
6.632
6.480
6.286
6.212
6.155
5.949
5.669
5.511
5.071
6.913
13.823
20.503
27.135
33.615
39.901
46.113
52.268
58.217
63.886
69.397
74.468

Component
1
Wag1
Wag5
Wag3
Wag4
Wag2
Wag6
Dis3
Dis1
Dis2
Dis4
Dis5
Bei2
Bei4
Bei3
Bei1
Job1
Job3
Job2
Job4
Sym2
Sym1
Sym3
Sym4
App2
App3
App1
App4
Con2
Con3
Con4
Con1
Col2
Col4
Col3
Col1
.753
.691
.690
.676
.614
.594
.856
.801
.723
.722
.708
.889
.847
.824
.579
.788
.745
.726
.692
.860
.829
.759
.719
.857
.829
.754
.640
.773
.766
.764
.736
.786
.747
.689
.620
10
11
12
Man3
Man2
Man5
.838
.763
.586
.560
.522
Man4
Man1
Emp2
Emp3
Emp1
Pro5
Pro2
Pro3
Pro4
.885
.880
.673
.795
.766
.727
.596
Pro1
Sec2
Sec3
Sec1
.909
.885
.843
KT QU CHY EFA LN 2:
Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test of
Approx. Chi-Square
Sphericity
df
Sig.
.740
13839.960
1225
.000

Extraction Sums of
Squared Loadings
Initial Eigenvalues

Loadings
% of Cumulative
% of Cumulative
% of Cumulative
%
Total Variance
%
Total Variance
%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
9.668
4.979
3.850
3.281
2.912
2.609
2.301
1.955
1.805
1.647
1.529
1.258
19.336
9.959
7.700
6.562
5.825
5.217
4.603
3.910
3.611
3.294
3.058
2.517
19.336 9.668
29.295 4.979
36.995 3.850
43.557 3.281
49.381 2.912
54.598 2.609
59.201 2.301
63.111 1.955
66.722 1.805
70.016 1.647
73.074 1.529
75.591 1.258
19.336
9.959
7.700
6.562
5.825
5.217
4.603
3.910
3.611
3.294
3.058
2.517
19.336 3.522
29.295 3.478
36.995 3.388
43.557 3.324
49.381 3.319
54.598 3.215
59.201 3.181
63.111 3.144
66.722 3.034
70.016 2.832
73.074 2.772
75.591 2.586
7.044
6.956
6.777
6.648
6.638
6.430
6.362
6.289
6.069
5.664
5.543
5.172
7.044
13.999
20.776
27.424
34.062
40.492
46.855
53.143
59.212
64.876
70.419
75.591

1
Wag1
Wag5
Wag3
Wag4
Wag6
Wag2
Dis3
Dis1
Dis2
Dis4
Dis5
Bei2
Bei4
Bei3
Bei1
.752
.699
.684
.673
.605
.598
.854
.805
.733
.722
.703
.887
.848
.823
.579
Component
6
7
10
11
12
Job1
.794
Job3
.749
Job2
.721
Job4
.688
Sym2
.859
Sym1
.833
Sym3
.760
Sym4
.721
App2
.859
App3
.828
App1
.755
App4
.641
Col2
.793
Col4
.754
Col3
.714
Col1
.619
Con2
Con4
Con3
Con1
Man3
Man2
Man5
Man4
Man1
Emp2
Emp3
Emp1
Pro2
Pro3
Pro4
Pro1
Sec2
Sec3
Sec1
.775
.769
.758
.731
.837
.765
.580
.562
.524
.897
.893
.681
.791
.764
.721
.613
.909
.885
.844
KT QU CHY EFA CC BIN PH THUC

Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test of
Approx. Chi-Square
Sphericity
df
Sig.
.780
1816.779
28
.000

Initial Eigenvalues
Extraction Sums of
Squared Loadings

Loadings
% of Cumulative
% of Cumulative
% of Cumulative
%
Total Variance
%
Total Variance
%
1
2
4.352
1.352
54.400
16.898
54.400 4.352
71.297 1.352
54.400
16.898
54.400 3.077
71.297 2.627
38.456
32.841
38.456
71.297

Rotated Component
Matrixa
Component
1
Sat4
.875
Sat3
.857
Sat1
.852
Sat2
.827
Loy4
.801
Loy1
.772
Loy3
.744
Loy2
.708
PH LC 11: KT QU KIM NH TIN CY SAU EFA

Item Deleted
Total Correlation
Dis1
15.61
4.793
.659
Dis2
15.57
5.018
.645
Dis3
15.54
4.767
.720
Dis4
15.77
4.456
.611
Dis5
15.65
4.944
.664
Con1
11.17
5.085
.572
Con2
11.17
4.803
.691
Con3
11.29
4.600
.673
Con4
10.86
5.510
.616
Job1
9.90
4.295
.592
Job2
10.32
3.390
.686
Job3
10.27
3.467
.726
Job4
10.29
3.684
.615
Thang o Thu nhp
Wag1
16.59
10.062
.656
Wag2
16.96
10.235
.543
Wag3
16.85
10.080
.675
Wag4
16.48
10.481
.694
Wag5
16.27
12.340
.615
Wag6
16.62
12.030
.521
App1
9.82
4.865
.634
App2
10.01
4.477
.754
App3
10.01
4.346
.777
App4
10.32
4.504
.550
Man1
14.48
9.976
.460
Man2
14.81
6.503
.817
Man3
14.75
6.661
.791
Man4
14.68
7.135
.715
Man5
14.60
8.185
.578
Pro1
9.27
6.689
.410
Pro2
9.80
4.369
.824
Pro3
9.68
4.536
.766
Pro4
9.73
4.573
.749
Cronbach's Alpha
if Item Deleted
.846
.813
.818
.798
.833
.813
.815
.797
.740
.749
.779
.825
.808
.762
.742
.796
.830
.792
.822
.787
.784
.811
.819
.838
.811
.760
.748
.859
.851
.869
.774
.782
.805
.841
.844
.896
.733
.762
.771

Sym1
9.94
5.516
.769
Sym2
10.03
5.482
.759
Sym3
9.93
5.955
.685
Sym4
10.21
5.371
.624
Bei1
8.19
7.219
.492
Bei2
8.52
6.250
.806
Bei3
8.43
6.178
.742
Bei4
8.36
6.100
.782
Sec1
7.07
2.213
.675
Sec2
6.83
2.013
.851
Sec3
6.74
2.200
.788
Col1
11.30
5.744
.629
Col2
11.26
4.840
.850
Col3
11.30
4.946
.809
Col4
11.42
4.120
.827
Thang o Trao quyn
Emp1
5.71
3.198
.553
Emp2
6.20
2.486
.845
Emp3
6.21
2.464
.847
Sat1
8.57
4.090
.564
Sat2
9.52
3.309
.620
Sat3
8.66
4.087
.544
Sat4
9.53
2.935
.734
Loy1
8.77
3.839
.504
Loy2
9.22
3.962
.429
Loy3
8.67
4.011
.602
Loy4
9.52
3.465
.683
.858
.793
.796
.828
.861
.856
.900
.773
.798
.781
.880
.916
.754
.814
.896
.913
.837
.852
.851
.863
.967
.706
.704
.795
.768
.740
.775
.675
.751
.718
.763
.671
.615
PH LC 12: KT QU HI QUY
S HI LNG CA NHN VIN I VI T CHC:
Model Summaryb
Model
R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
DurbinWatson
1
.799
.638
.40080
2.090
.622
a. Predictors: (Constant), EMPb, SECb, DISb, CONb, JOBb, APPb,
SYMb, BEIb, WAGb, PROb, MANb, COLb
b. Dependent Variable: SATb

ANOVAb
Sum of
Squares
Model
1
df
Mean Square
Regression
70.738
12
5.895
Residual
49.637
309
.161
F
36.696
Sig.
.000a
Total
120.376
321
a. Predictors: (Constant), EMPb, SECb, DISb, CONb, JOBb, APPb, SYMb,
BEIb, WAGb, PROb, MANb, COLb
b. Dependent Variable: SATb
Coefficientsa
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
Model
-1.318
.246
DISb
.069
.046
CONb
.012
JOBb
a.
(Constant)
Std. Error
Beta
Collinearity
Statistics
t
Sig.
Tolerance
VIF
-5.354
.000
.061
1.488
.138
.804
1.243
.035
.014
.327
.744
.766
1.306
.067
.044
.068
1.514
.131
.655
1.526
WAGb
.186
.046
.197
4.083
.000
.573
1.744
APPb
.231
.040
.261
5.811
.000
.661
1.513
MANb
.167
.046
.186
3.607
.000
.504
1.986
PROb
-.026
.039
-.031
-.666
.506
.622
1.608
SYMb
.120
.034
.151
3.508
.001
.719
1.390
BEIb
.167
.032
.226
5.231
.000
.716
1.397
SECb
.128
.034
.148
3.776
.000
.865
1.157
COLb
.047
.045
.056
1.052
.293
.473
2.114
EMPb
.131
.032
Dependent Variable: SATb
.170
4.065
.000
.764
1.310

Model Summaryb
Model
R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
DurbinWatson
1
.785
.616
.39548
1.923
.601
a. Predictors: (Constant), EMPb, SECb, DISb, CONb, JOBb, APPb,
SYMb, BEIb, WAGb, PROb, MANb, COLb
b. Dependent Variable: LOYb
ANOVAb
Sum of
Squares
Model
1
df
Mean Square
Regression
77.469
12
6.456
Residual
48.329
309
.156
Sig.
41.276
.000a
Total
125.797
321
a. Predictors: (Constant), EMPb, SECb, DISb, CONb, JOBb, APPb, SYMb,
BEIb, WAGb, PROb, MANb, COLb

Coefficientsa
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Model
-1.370
.243
DISb
.011
.046
CONb
.062
JOBb
(Constant)
Std. Error
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
Collinearity
Statistics
t
Sig.
Tolerance
VIF
-5.640
.000
.009
.235
.814
.804
1.243
.035
.071
1.768
.078
.766
1.306
.075
.044
.075
1.725
.085
.655
1.526
WAGb
.131
.045
.135
2.904
.004
.573
1.744
APPb
.198
.039
.219
5.041
.000
.661
1.513
MANb
.280
.046
.305
6.132
.000
.504
1.986
PROb
.024
.038
.028
.621
.535
.622
1.608
SYMb
.079
.034
.097
2.322
.021
.719
1.390
BEIb
.153
.032
.201
4.830
.000
.716
1.397
SECb
.075
.033
.085
2.244
.026
.865
1.157
COLb
.076
.044
.088
1.714
.088
.473
2.114
.032
.180
4.473
.000
.764
1.310
EMPb
.142
a. Dependent Variable: LOYb
KT QU HI QUY V NH HNG CA S HI LNG N

Model Summaryb
Model
Adjusted R
Square
R Square
1
.807a
.651
a. Predictors: (Constant), SATb
Std. Error of
the Estimate
DurbinWatson
.37020
.650
1.760

ANOVAb
Sum of
Squares
Model
1
df
Mean Square
Regression
81.942
Residual
43.855
320
Total
125.797
a. Predictors: (Constant), SATb
321
Sig.
81.942 597.916
.000a
.137

Coefficientsa
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Model
1
(Constant)
Std. Error
.520
SATb
.825
a. Dependent Variable: LOYb
Standardized
Coefficients
Beta
Collinearity
Statistics
t
Sig.
.104
5.000
.000
.034
.807 24.452
.000
Tolerance
1.000
VIF
1.000
PH LC 13: KIM NH NH HNG CA CC C IM C

NHN N S HI LNG V LNG TRUNG THNH CA NHN
VIN KHO ST TI NHM DOANH NGHIP FDI DCH V
PL13.1 KIM NH THEO GII TNH NHN VIN
PL 13.1.1 KIM NH MC HI LNG CA NHN VIN
THEO GII TNH
Group Statistics
Gii tnh
SATa Nam
N
Mean
Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
60
3.1458
.50901
.06571
35
3.1929
.55930
.09454

Independent Samples Test
SATa
Equal
variances
assumed
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
t-test for Equality of
Means
Equal
variances not
assumed
.483
Sig.
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
Std. Error Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
.489
-.419
-.408
93
.676
65.923
.684
-.04702
.11229
-.04702
.11513
-.27001
-.27690
.17596
.18285
PL 13.1.2 KIM NH LNG TRUNG THNH CA NHN

VIN THEO GII TNH
Group Statistics
Gii tnh
LOYa Nam
N
Mean
60
3.0542
.57322
.07400
35
3.3000
.46888
.07926

LOYa
Equal
variances
assumed
Levene's Test for

Means
t
df
Equal
variances not
assumed
1.655
Sig.
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
.201
-2.151
93
-2.267
82.841
.034
-.24583
.11431
.026
-.24583
.10843
-.47283
-.46151
-.01884
-.03016

PL13.2 KIM NH THEO TNH TRNG HN NHN
THEO TNH TRNG HN NHN

Group Statistics
Tnh trng hn nhn
SATa Cha lp gia nh

lp gia nh
Mean
21
3.0833
.47653
.10399
74
3.1858
.53963
.06273

SATa
Equal
variances
assumed
Levene's Test for
F
Equality of Variances Sig.
t-test for Equality of t
Means
df
Equal
variances
not assumed
1.699
.196
-.787
93
-.844
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
.433
-.10248
35.902
.404
-.10248

95% Confidence Interval of
the Difference
Lower
.13023
-.36108
.12144
-.34880
Upper
.15613
.14385

VIN THEO TNH TRNG HN NHN
Group Statistics
Tnh trng hn nhn
LOYa Cha lp gia nh

lp gia nh
Mean
21
2.9167
.51438
.11225
74
3.2095
.54274
.06309

LOYa
Equal variances
assumed
F
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances Sig.
.137
.712
-2.206
93
-2.274
33.712
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
.030
-.29279
.029
-.29279
.13272
-.55634
-.02925
.12876
-.55455
-.03103
t
df
Means
Equal variances
not assumed
95% Confidence Interval

of the Difference
Lower
Upper
PL13.3 KIM NH THEO TUI

Descriptives
N
Di 30 tui
T 30 - 40 tui
Trn 40 tui
Total
20
38
37
95
Mean
2.8000
3.2171
3.2568
3.1447
Std.
Deviation
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Std.
Error
.52315
.48689
.55742
.54770
Lower
Bound
.11698
.07898
.09164
.05619
Upper
Bound
2.5552
3.0571
3.0709
3.0332
Minimum Maximum
3.0448
3.3771
3.4426
3.2563
2.00
2.50
2.00
2.00
4.00
4.25
4.50
4.50

Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Levene Statistic
SATa
LOYa
df1
.434
.140
df2
2
2
Sig.
92
92
.649
.869

ANOVA
Sum of Squares
SATa Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
LOYa Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
df
Mean Square
1.023
.511
24.948
92
.271
25.971
3.040
94
2
1.520
25.157
28.197
92
94
Sig.
1.886
.157
5.559
.005
.273
Multiple Comparisons
LOYa
Tukey HSD
95% Confidence
Interval
(I) tui
Mean
Difference (I-J) Std. Error
(J) tui
Lower
Bound
Sig.
Upper
Bound
-.41711*
.14446
.013
-.7612
-.0730
.14513
.006
-.8025
-.1110
.14446
.12077
.013
.942
.0730
-.3274
.7612
.2481
Trn 40 tui Di 30 tui

.45676*
.14513
T 30 - 40 tui
.03965
.12077
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
.006
.942
.1110
-.2481
.8025
.3274
Di 30 tui T 30 - 40 tui
Trn 40 tui
T 30 - 40
tui
Di 30 tui
Trn 40 tui
-.45676
.41711
-.03965

PL13.4 KIM NH THEO TRNH HC VN
Levene Statistic
SATa
LOYa
df1
.428
.598
df2
3
3
Sig.
91
91
.733
.618

ANOVA
Sum of
Squares
SATa Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
LOYa Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
df
Mean Square
.979
.326
24.992
91
.275
25.971
1.684
94
3
.561
26.513
28.197
91
94
Sig.
1.188
.319
1.926
.131
.291
PL13.5 KIM NH THEO THM NIN CNG TC

Levene Statistic
SATa
LOYa
df1
.186
2.126
df2
4
4
Sig.
90
90
.945
.084

ANOVA
Sum of Squares
SATa Between Groups
df
Mean Square
.615
.154
Within Groups
25.356
90
.282
Total
25.971
94
.476
27.722
4
90
28.197
94
LOYa Between Groups

Within Groups
Total
.119
.308
Sig.
.546
.702
.386
.818

PL13.6 KIM NH THEO CHC DANH HIN TI
Levene Statistic
SATa
LOYa
df1
.077
1.071
df2
2
2
Sig.
92
92
.926
.347

ANOVA
Sum of Squares
SATa Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
LOYa Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
df
Mean Square
.083
.042
25.888
92
.281
25.971
.031
94
2
.016
28.166
28.197
92
94
Sig.
.148
.862
.051
.950
.306
PL13.7 KIM NH THEO THU NHP BNH QUN

Levene Statistic
SATa
LOYa
df1
.154
1.229
df2
3
3
Sig.
91
91
.927
.304

ANOVA
Sum of Squares
SATa Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
LOYa Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
df
Mean Square
.748
.249
25.224
91
.277
25.971
2.212
94
3
.737
25.985
28.197
91
94
Sig.
.899
.445
2.583
.058
.286
PH LC 14: KIM NH NH HNG CA C IM C NHN

N S HI LNG V LNG TRUNG THNH CA NHN VIN
PL14.1 KIM NH THEO GII TNH NHN VIN
THEO GII TNH
Group Statistics
Gii tnh
SATb Nam
N
Mean
128
3.1367
.72624
.06419
194
2.9497
.51252
.03680

SATb
Equal
variances
assumed
Levene's Test for
Means
Equal
variances not
assumed
12.762
Sig.
t
.000
2.708
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
320
.007
Mean Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
2.527
209.308
.18698
.06906
.012
.18698
.07399
.05112
.04112
.32284
.33284

VIN THEO GII TNH
Group Statistics
Gii tnh
LOYb Nam
N
Mean
128 3.0781
.73224
.06472
194 2.9742
.54283
.03897

LOYb
Equal
variances
assumed
Levene's Test for

Means
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Equal
variances not
assumed
15.166
Sig.
.000
1.460
320
.145
Mean Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
1.375
217.024
.10390
.07116
.170
.10390
.07555
-.03610
-.04501
.24390
.25280

PL14.2 KIM NH THEO TNH TRNG HN NHN
THEO TNH TRNG HN NHN
Group Statistics
Tnh trng hn nhn
SATb Cha lp gia nh

lp gia nh
Mean
141
3.1525
.65108
.05483
181
2.9240
.56220
.04179

SATb
Equal
variances
assumed
Levene's Test for
Means
6.153
Sig.
t
.014
3.374
Equal
variances not
assumed
3.314
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
320
.001
.22845
277.145

95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
.06770
.09526
.06894
.09274
Upper
.36164
.36416
.001
.22845

VIN THEO TNH TRNG HN NHN
Group Statistics
Tnh trng hn nhn
LOYb Cha lp gia nh

lp gia nh
Mean
141
3.0922
.64394
.05423
181
2.9558
.60677
.04510

LOYb
Equal
variances
assumed
Levene's Test for
1.992
Sig.

Means
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
.159
1.948
320
.052
.13640
.07001
Mean Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
Equal
variances not
assumed
1.934
291.997
.054
.13640
.07053
-.00135
-.00242
.27414
.27522

PL14.3 KIM NH THEO TUI
Levene Statistic
SATb
LOYb
.840
1.082
df1
df2
2
2
319
319
Sig.
.433
.340
ANOVA
Sum of Squares
SATb Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
LOYb Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
df
Mean Square
1.268
.634
119.108
319
.373
120.376
1.749
321
2
.875
124.048
125.797
319
321
Sig.
1.698
.185
2.249
.107
.389

PL14.4 KIM NH THEO TRNH HC VN
Levene Statistic
SATb
LOYb
df1
4.088
3.536
df2
3
3
Sig.
318
318
.007
.015

ANOVA
Sum of Squares
SATb Between Groups
df
Mean Square
17.074
5.691
Within Groups
103.302
318
.325
Total
120.376
321
13.843
111.954
3
318
125.797
321
LOYb Between Groups

Within Groups
Total
4.614
.352
Sig.
17.519
.000
13.107
.000

PL14.5 KIM NH THEO THM NIN CNG TC
Levene Statistic
SATb
LOYb
.394
1.044
df1
df2
3
3
318
318
Sig.
.757
.373
ANOVA
Sum of Squares
SATb Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
LOYb Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
df
Mean Square
.648
.216
119.728
318
.377
120.376
.418
321
3
.139
125.379
125.797
318
321
Sig.
.573
.633
.353
.787
.394

PL14.6 KIM NH THEO CHC DANH HIN TI
PL14.6.1 KIM NH MC HI LNG THEO CHC
DANH HIN TI
SATb
Levene Statistic
df1
7.331
df2
3
Sig.
318
.000

ANOVA
SATb
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
14.527
105.849
120.376
df
Mean Square
3
318
321
4.842
.333
F
14.548
Sig.
.000
PL14.6.2 KIM NH LNG TRUNG THNH THEO CHC

DANH HIN TI
Descriptives
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
N
Qun l cp trung
T trng, chuyn
vin
Nhn vin
Cng nhn
Total
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std.
Error
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Min Max
14 3.1429
.64087 .17128
2.7728
3.5129 2.50 4.50
28 3.0982
.64312 .12154
2.8488
3.3476 2.25 4.75
111 3.2545
169 2.8343
322 3.0155
.65016 .06171
.54819 .04217
.62601 .03489
3.1322
2.7511
2.9469
3.3768 2.50 5.00

2.9176 2.00 4.25
3.0842 2.00 5.00

LOYb
Levene Statistic
df1
1.768
df2
3
Sig.
318
.153

ANOVA
LOYb
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
12.307
113.490
125.797
df
Mean Square
3
318
321
4.102
.357
F
11.495
Sig.
.000
LOYb
Tukey HSD
95% Confidence
Interval
(I) Chc danh
hin ti
(J) Chc danh

hin ti
Mean Difference
(I-J)
Qun l cp trung T trng,

chuyn vin
Std. Error
Sig.
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
.04464
.19555 .996
-.4604
.5497
Nhn vin
-.11165
.16943 .912
-.5492
.3259
Cng nhn
Qun l cp trung
.30854
-.04464
.16614 .249
.19555 .996
-.1206
-.5497
.7376
.4604
Nhn vin
Cng nhn
-.15629
.26389
.12634 .604
.12189 .135
-.4826
-.0509
.1700
.5787
Qun l cp trung
T trng,
chuyn vin
.11165
.16943 .912
-.3259
.5492
.15629
.12634 .604
-.1700
.4826
Cng nhn
Qun l cp trung
.42018*
-.30854
.07299 .000
.16614 .249
.2317
-.7376
.6087
.1206
T trng,
chuyn vin
-.26389
.12189 .135
-.5787
.0509
Nhn vin
-.42018*
.07299 .000
-.6087
-.2317
T trng,
chuyn vin
Nhn vin
Cng nhn

PL14.7 KIM NH THEO THU NHP BNH QUN
PL14.7.1 KIM NH MC HI LNG THEO THU NHP
BNH QUN
SATb
Levene Statistic
8.697
df1
df2
3
318
Sig.
.000
ANOVA
SATb
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
df
10.420
109.956
120.376
Mean Square
3
318
321
3.473
.346
10.045
Sig.
.000

PL14.7.2 KIM NH LNG TRUNG THNH THEO THU
NHP BNH QUN
Descriptives
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
N
Di 4 triu ng
T 4 - di 6 triu
ng
T 6 - di 8 triu
ng
T 8 triu ng tr
ln
Total
Std.
Mean Deviation
Std.
Error
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Min Max
138 2.8496
.57355
.04882
2.7531
2.9462 2.00 4.25
97 3.0412
.55043
.05589
2.9303
3.1522 2.00 4.75
83 3.2801
.70754
.07766
3.1256
3.4346 2.25 5.00
4 2.6250
.32275
.16137
2.1114
3.1386 2.25 3.00
322 3.0155
.62601
.03489
2.9469
3.0842 2.00 5.00

LOYb
Levene Statistic
2.419
df1
df2
3
318
Sig.
.066
ANOVA
LOYb
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
df
10.283
115.515
125.797
Mean Square
3
318
321
3.428
.363
Sig.
9.436
.000

LOYb
Tukey HSD
95% Confidence Interval
(I) Thu nhp (J) Thu nhp bnh

bnh qun
qun
Mean
Difference
(I-J)
Di 4 triu T 4 - di 6 triu
ng
ng
-.19160
.07986 .079
-.3978
.0146
T 6 - di 8 triu
ng
-.43048*
.08372 .000
-.6467
-.2143
T 8 triu ng tr
ln
.22464
.30569 .883
-.5649
1.0141
.19160
.07986 .079
-.0146
.3978
-.23888*
.09012 .042
-.4716
-.0061
.41624
.30750 .530
-.3779
1.2104
.43048*
.08372 .000
.2143
.6467
.23888*
.09012 .042
.0061
.4716
.65512
.30853 .148
-.1417
1.4519
-.22464
.30569 .883
-1.0141
.5649
-.41624
.30750 .530
-1.2104
.3779
-1.4519
.1417
T 4 - di 6 Di 4 triu ng
triu ng
T 6 - di 8 triu
ng
T 8 triu ng tr
ln
T 6 - di 8 Di 4 triu ng
triu ng
T 4 - di 6 triu
ng
T 8 triu ng tr
ln
T 8 triu
Di 4 triu ng
ng tr ln T 4 - di 6 triu
ng
Std. Error
Sig.
T 6 - di 8 triu
-.65512
.30853 .148
ng
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound

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LI CM N

hon thnh tt bi nghin cu ny, ngoi s n lc ca bn thn nhm tc

V Nguyn Hng Nhung

Trn Th Ngc Tho

1.4 NH HNG CA C IM C NHN N S HI LNG V LNG

2.4.3.3 Thng k m t v s hi lng ca nhn vin ................................................ 40

CHNG 3: MT S GII PHP NNG CAO S HI LNG V LNG

Ngha ting Anh

ANOVA Analysis Of Variance

Din n hp tc kinh t Chu

Thi Bnh Dng

Association of Southeast Asian

Hip hi cc quc gia ng Nam

Exploratory Factor Analysis

Phn tch nhn t khm ph

Foreign Direct Investment

u t trc tip nc ngoi

Kim nh s khc bit c ngha

Job Descriptive Index

Thang o m t cng vic

Phn tch phng sai

Asia Pacific Economic

Ngha ting Vit

Khu cng nghip

Variance Inflation Factor

Nhn t phng i phng sai

World Trade Organization

T chc Thng mi Th gii

Bng 1.1: Xp hng ca ngi lao ng ti cc nc v 10 yu t ng vin ................. 17

Hnh 1.1: M hnh Thp nhu cu ca Maslow .................................................................... 8

lng trung thnh ca nhn vin; mang li nhng hiu qu ln hn v bn vng hn

Tuy nhin, hai ti ny ch nghin cu chuyn su v nh hng ca phong

c th hiu, p ng c tm t nguyn vng ca nhn vin khuyn khch nhn

Sau khi nhp d liu, nhm tc gi tin hnh kim nh vi phn mm

Thng k m t mu kho st.

Kim nh tin cy ca bin o lng bng h s Cronbach Alpha.

nh gi gi tr (Factor Loading) bng phn tch nhn t khm ph

EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis).

Kim nh li tin cy ca bin o lng sau khi phn tch EFA.

Phn tch hi quy: Xc nh s tc ng ca cc bin c lp n cc

bin ph thuc l S hi lng v Lng trung thnh ca nhn vin. T xc

Phn tch phng sai ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) v kim nh

Hnh 1.1: M hnh Thp nhu cu ca Maslow [29]

Nhu cu sinh hc (physiological needs): nhu cu v n, nc ung, khng

kh, qun o, nh , y l nhng nhu cu c bn nht v mnh nht ca con

Nhu cu an ton (safety and security): con ngi cn c mt mi trng

sng an ton m bo s tn ti ca h, bao gm c mi trng t nhin, vt l

Nhu cu x hi (love and belonging): th hin nhu cu c mi quan h tt

Nhu cu c tn trng (self-esteem): con ngi mong mun c tn trng

Nhu cu t th hin (self-actualization): y chnh l nhu cu c s dng

ht kh nng, tim nng ca mnh t khng nh mnh, lm vic, t cc thnh

Thuyt ERG nhn ra ba kiu nhu cu chnh ca con ngi:

Nhu cu tn ti (Existence needs): c mun khe mnh v thn xc v tinh

thn, c p ng y cc nhu cu cn bn sinh tn nh cc nhu cu sinh l,

Nhu cu giao tip (Relatedness needs): c mun tho mn trong quan h

vi mi ngi. Mi ngi u c nhng ham mun thit lp v duy tr cc mi

1.1.2 S hi lng ca nhn vin

Nhn t ng vin l tc nhn ca s tha mn, s hi lng trong cng vic,

Nhn t duy tr l tc nhn ca s bt mn ca nhn vin trong cng vic ti

cng vic th ngi qun tr cn ch trng n nhng yu t nh s thnh t, s

Expectancy (K vng): L nim tin rng n lc (effort) s dn n kt qu

tt. Khi nim ny chu nh hng bi cc nhn t nh sau:

Instrumentality (Tnh cht cng c): L nim tin rng kt qu tt s dn n