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IV.E.1

31

II. B. 2.

43

IV. B. 2.

Line

Comment

phagocytosis is enhanced by opsonins

CORRECTION C3b (and not C3a) is the opsonin.

(IgG and C3a)

Should read (IgG and C3b)

Symptoms of skin bleeding include petechiae,

ecchymoses (> 3mm), purpura (> 1 cm)

Date Added
06/21/2011

CORRECTION Ecchymoses are >1cm and purpura are

> 3mm. Should read include petechiae, purpura

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(>3mm), and ecchymoses (>1cm)

Aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase (ALAD)

TYPO The enzyme is ALA dehydratase (not

converts ALA to porphobilinogen

dehydrogenase).

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CLARIFICATION More recent studies show that

hemolysis occurs throughout the day. Hence, the color
change (hemoglobinemia) seen in the first void upon

49

I. B

Intravascular hemolysis occurs episodically,

often at night during sleep

awakening is mostly due to urine production and

concentration of hemoglobin overnight (as opposed to

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hemolysis occurring mostly at night). Of note, my

explanation in the text remains partly true and is an
excellent way to remember the pathophysiology of this
disorder.
CLARIFICATION Nitrates do result in coronary artery
vasodilation. However, a more significant effect is

74

G. 3.

Nitrates vasodilate coronary arteries

vasodilation of veins. This results in decreased venous

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return to the heart, which in turn, decreases preload and,

hence, stress on the myocardium.
Table 9.5, Squamous
96

cell carcinoma (under

characteristic

Kertain pearls or intracellular bridges

TYPO intracellular should read intercellular

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histology)
CORRECTION The gastroduodenal artery lies posterior

105

VI. B. 3.

May rupture leading to bleeding from the

to the duodenum. Hence, rupture of a posterior (and not

gastroduodenal artery (anterior ulcer) or

anterior) ulcer would lead to bleeding from the GDA.

acute pancreatitis (posterior ulcer)

Should read gastroduodenal artery (posterior ulcer) or

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acute pancreatitis (posterior ulcer).

CLARIFICATION Tram-track appearance can be seen
128

V. A.

Thick glomerular basement membranes on

in both type I and type II MPGN. However, it is more

H&E, often with tram-track appearance

commonly seen with type I (USMLE examiners do ask

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about this!).
CORRECTION The crystals in gout exhibit negative
199

Fig. 18.9

Gout. A, Tophi. B, Postive birefringence.

birefringence (and not, positive birefringence). This is

correct in the text, but needs to be corrected in the image

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caption.

18/02/2012 5:13 PM