NHNG CH QUAN TRNG TRONG

VIC LP T MY PHT IN

Thng 2 Nm 2014

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A- LAP AT PHAN C KH:

1/ NEN MONG VA LAP CHAN MAY:

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1/ NEN MONG VA LAP CHAN MAY:

Neu khong co giam chan: gay on, rung ong, h hong san va cac thiet b khac

Nen mong may: 3 loai

Lap tren nen la phien be tong:
Chieu nho cao so vi nen phong may toi thieu la 6 (150mm) e de bao tr
Chieu doi ra so vi kch thc may t nhat la 6 (150mm) moi canh.
Be tong e lau t nhat 28 ngay, ap lc kiem tra la 2500psi (173Kpa).

Bu long bat loai bu long bung nen be tong

Lap tren nen la thung dau ay:
Phai co giam chan gia thung dau va may.
Thung dau phai c may, phai h ay e khong mon va de kiem tra ro r.
Lap tren nen co giam chan
Phai co lp cat di nen day t nhat 8 (200mm)
Chieu doi ra so vi kch thc may t nhat la 6 (150mm) moi canh.

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1/ NEN MONG VA LAP CHAN MAY:

Cong thc tnh nen mong may:
Chieu cao khoi nen:
W
H = --------------------

Dxlxw
W: trong lng tnh = 2 x trong lng may
D: khoi lng rieng cua nen, thng bang 2322 Kg/m3 (145Lbs/ft3 )
L: chieu dai nen (m hoac ft )
w: chieu rong nen (m hoac ft )

Ap lc tren mat nen : ( dung e kiem nghiem lai ) phai < 2000Lb/ft2
TW
SBL = ------------------Lxw
TW: tong trong lng may va nen mong
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1/ NEN MONG VA LAP CHAN MAY:

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1/ NEN MONG VA LAP CHAN MAY:

Neu lap trc tiep may khong co giam chan xuong san: gay on, rung ong, h hong may, h hong
san va cac thiet b khac

Chan giam chan: co cac loai sau

Chan giam chan noi lap gia ong c, au phat va khung e may: thng la loai cao su, lap
cho cac may phat cong suat nho (hien nay cho may phat co cong suat <2000kVA)

Chan giam chan ngoai lap gia khung e may va san:(hien nay cho may phat co cong suat
>2000kVA) dung chan lo xo (phu kien theo may).

Chan giam chan loai em lot : bao gom cac lp vat lieu mem dung giam chan trong ieu
kien khong nghiem trong hoac ket hp vi chan giam chan noi, hieu suat 75%.

Chan giam chan loai lo xo : dung trong trng hp khong lap chan giam chan noi, hieu
suat 98%. Phai chon u va ung loai chan lo xo cho tng loai may. Chan lo xo nen c
bat xuong san bang bu lon.

Chan giam chan loai kh : cho tan so thap hn cac loai tren, nhng khong kinh te.

Giam chan khi lap tren thung dau ay:

Neu co giam chan noi, thng khong can lap giam chan gia thung dau va may.

Neu khong co giam chan noi, phai lap giam chan gia thung dau va khung may.

Khi co yeu cau cao ve giam chan may, co the phai dung them be quan tnh.
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1/ NEN MONG VA LAP CHAN MAY:

CHN L XO GIM CHN

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1/ NEN MONG VA LAP CHAN MAY:

CHN L XO GIM CHN

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A- LAP AT PHAN C KH:

2/ LAP HE THONG KH THAI:

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2/ LAP HE THONG KH THAI:

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2/ LAP HE THONG KH THAI:

Muc ch: a hi, muoi than va tieng on ra khoi cong trnh va ngi.

Vat lieu ong kh thai: loai thep en 40, hoac vat lieu khac nh thep khong r

Ong mem:

Chieu dai toi thieu la 610mm (24) cho may co chan giam chan

Chieu dai toi thieu la 457mm (18) cho may khong co chan giam chan

May phat ien co the s dung ket cau lien ket ong kh thai loai ghep noi, van ren hoac mat bch

Cac gia phai bang vat lieu khong chay c va phai khong e trong lng he thong kh thai
ta len ong gop kh thai va tang ap de gay h hong.

Bo giam am cang gan ong c cang tot e giam mc an mon do s ngng tu v no se nong len
nhanh chong. Ban knh cong cac co noi cang ln cang tot.

Ap suat sau cua kh thai phai nam trong gii han cho phep.

Khong c dung ong nho hn ngo ra cua kh thai.

Tuy nhien, dung ong ln hn de gay s ngng tu, lam giam toc o tong kh thai ra ngoai

Cang t cho thay oi kch thc ong, cang t ton that ma sat.

Ban knh cong chuyen hng cua ong khoi cang ln cang tot

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2/ LAP HE THONG KH THAI:

Phai nen cach nhiet bo giam thanh va kh thai e tranh b phong, chay no va giam
nhiet phat ra. Khong c cach nhiet ong gop kh thai, tang ap, v nhiet o cua vat
lieu se pha hong cac chi tiet nay.
Ong thai phai cach cau truc de chay toi thieu 229mm ( 9 ). Dung ong bao cach nhiet
cho oan ong i qua tng.
au ra ong khoi khong c hng vao mai nha hoac vao cac vat lieu de chay. Kh
thai nong cha mo hong va cac tap chat khac se gay dnh cac be mat xung quanh
nh lam en tng, gay mo hong. au ong khoi cao hn may, cac tai san khac t
nhat 3,3m, cach mai nha 1m, cach xa cac ngo gio vao toa nha/ cong trnh 3,3m.au
ra ong khoi khong hng vao cac khu vc co yeu cau ve han che o on. Tot nhat la
e no mat cuoi gio cua toa nha.
Ong khoi co o dan n nhiet khoang 1,14mm cho moi met ong khi nhiet o tang
khoang 100oC, nen can thiet phai lap cac ong dan n nhiet tren ng ong thang
dai tai cac v tr chuyen hng.Chu y: phai bo tr sao cho he thong kh thai phai c
lap at sao cho o dan n nhiet khong anh hng len ong c. Tham khao nhiet o
kh thai ong c qua cac bang thong so ky thuat

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2/ LAP HE THONG KH THAI:

Phan ong thai nam ngang phai hi nghieng doc xuong hng ra ngoai hoac en hoc
ngng tu.
moi v tr chuyen hng i len phai co hoc ngng tu. Po giam am cung phai co hoc
ngng tu
au ra ong khoi phai co cau truc che chan tranh ma ri vao ong c khi khong hoat
ong. Cau truc nay co cac dang nap che ma, mu che ma hoac ong khoi re ngang
co goc vat.
Khong nen no chung ong thai cac may phat ien khac nhau hoac vi cac ong thai
cua cac thiet b khac v se gay ong muoi than va an mon.
Can chu y tnh toan sao cho ap suat ngc cua kh thai phai nho hn gii han cho
phep trong bang thong so ky thuat. Vt qua se lam giam cong suat may, tuoi tho,
dan en nhiet o kh thai cao va khoi. Sau khi lap xong phai o kiem thong so nay
che o toan tai va am bao at trc khi a may vao hoat ong.

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2/ LAP HE THONG KH THAI:

HE THONG KH THAI PO GOP

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2/ LAP HE THONG KH THAI:

KET CAU ONG LOT XUYEN TNG

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A- LAP AT PHAN C KH:

3/ LAP HE THONG THONG KH

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3/ LAP HE THONG THONG KH

Muc ch e giai nhiet phat ra cua ong c, au phat va cac bo phan khac cung nh
loai tr hi kh thai va cung cap kh nap cho ong c.

Phai chon v tr thong kh vao va ra thch hop, sao cho kh i qua toan bo phong may.
Tranh e b anh hng gio ben ngoai khong che ca gio ra va hien tng kh nong
quan lai vao phong may.
khu vc bui bam nhieu can co cac bo loc kh ac biet cho loc kh nap cua ong c
cung nh cua au phat

Can lap a bo phan thu gom hi tha ong c hoac dan ra ngoai phong may e
tranh anh hng en ket nc va cac bo phan khac.
Can chu y duy tr to o kh vao phong may mc va phai khoang 150-220 m/phut.
Neu toc o gio qua cao, ma se b hut vao phong may.
Khi kh i qua phong may, no se tang dan nhiet o len ac biet khi i qua may phat.
ieu nay de gay ra nham lan khi xac nh mc nhiet o cua may phat va toan he
thong. Nhiet o tieu chuan nay c quy nh o xung quanh au phat. Nhiet o tang
len la o chenh lech nhiet o gia nhiet o au phat va nhiet o ben ngoai. Nhiet o
tai ket nc khong anh hng en he thong v nhiet tai ay c a thang ra ngoai
phong
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3/ LAP HE THONG THONG KH

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3/ LAP HE THONG THONG KH

Phong may phai c thiet ke e am bao nhiet o phong khong vt qua thong so
nhiet o tieu chuan cua ket nc (40 hoac 50oC). Tuy nhien co gang gii han nhiet
o cua phong may thap hn 40oC e s dung c ket nc nho gon, re tien hn va
cung e ong c khong b giam cong suat nhiet o cao.
Viec thiet ke phong may khong thch hp se gay qua nhiet khi nhiet o moi trng
va mc tai cao. Khi nhiet o moi trng va mc tai thap hn, may phat co the
hoat ong bnh thng.
Cong thc tnh lu lng kh e duy tr o tang nhiet o phong may:
Q
m = ----------------------Cp T d
m: lu lng kh cc ai vao phong (m3/phut)
Q: nhiet lng toa ra t may hay cac nguon nhiet khac (MJ/phut)
Cp: nhiet dung rieng ap suat khong oi (1.01x103 MJ/kg C)
T: o tang nhiet o phong may so vi moi trng ben ngoai ( C).
d: t trong cua kh (1.21 kg/m3)

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3/ LAP HE THONG THONG KH

Kiem tra he thong thong kh tai hien trng:

Van hanh may phat 100% tai (he so cong suat bang 1 c chap nhan)en khi
nhiet o on nh. Thi gian thng khoang 1 gi.
o nhiet o phong may tai loc kh cua may.
o nhiet o ben ngoai phong (trong bong ram)
Tnh o tang nhiet o gia phong may va nhiet o ben ngoai.

Kiem tra xem o tang nhiet o nay va nhiet o phong may co vt qua cho phep
khong.
Neu cac ket qua nay eu vt qua, can tien hanh cac cuoc kiem tra chi tiet hn
e khac phuc.

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3/ LAP HE THONG THONG KH

Loai ket nc at lien

V tr phong may sao cho kh vao va ra trc tiep. Khong lay kh vao t phong ben canh.
Kh thai phai ra ngoai cung ben vi kh ra e no khong b keo vao cung vi kh vao.

Kh vao va ra nen c chan gio e giam o on va o can. Tam chan nen cach ket nc
t 1 en 3m (tot nhat).

Dong kh qua ket nc thng c tnh u cho viec thong kh phong may.

o ap suat tnh hay o can cua dong kh khong c ln hn gii han cho phep e xac
nh o can khong qua ln trc khi a may vao s dung. ieu nay ro rang c thc
hien khi co ong dan kh dai, li, man va ca chp.

Khong s dung quy tac cu xac nh ca kh vao va kh ra do co s thay oi ang ke hieu

qua cua ca chp, yeu cau cao hn ve khong gian va o on. Da vao bieu o lc can ca
chp cua nha san xuat va cua ong dan kh e tnh toan.

V quat gio se tao nen ap suat am trong phong may nen khong nen at thiet b noi hi
chung phong vi may phat.

Khp noi mem ong thoat kh nham e ngan khong cho kh ra quan tr lai phong may.
Ngoai ra no con dung e hap thu dao ong va ngan viec truyen tieng on.

May phat c thiet ke lam viec che o lam mat ay tai vi nhiet o moi trng 40oC va
o can kh ben ngoai 0.50 inch cot nc. o can nay do ong dan kh, li, man va ca
chp, gay ra.
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3/ LAP HE THONG THONG KH

Thiet b o o can kh

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3/ LAP HE THONG THONG KH

Bieu o xac nh kha nang lam mat nhiet o cao

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3/ LAP HE THONG THONG KH

Loai bo trao oi nhiet/ ket nc at xa

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3/ LAP HE THONG THONG KH

Loai bo trao oi nhiet/ ket nc at xa

S dung do o can kh qua ln do ong gio qua dai hoac e tranh on

Quat thong kh phong may phai lap trong phong may va c tnh toan e u
kha nang hut lng kh va vt qua o can kh.
Quat kh ket nc phai am bao lam mat ket nc
V tr quat va ca gio vao phai c bo tr sao cho kh i qua may phat.

Ket nc lam mat t xa se mang theo tai ky sinh cung vi no. Do o may phat
loai nay se b giam cong suat kW hn loai thong thng.

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A- LAP AT PHAN C KH:

4/ LAP HE THONG NHIEN LIEU
Viec cung cap nhien kieu diesel:
Nhien lieu diesel s dung tieu chuan la loai ASTM D975 number 2.
Chu y tranh e bui ban va chat am vao thung nhien lieu.
Suat tieu hao n v nhien lieu cua may phat ien diesel vao khoang 0.26
liters/hr-kW
Thung nhien lieu co the la thung nhien lieu ay hoac thung nhien lieu at xa
Thung nhien lieu chnh co the at gan hoac xa. Khi at xa, can phai co them thung
dau hang ngay (trung gian).
Thung nhien lieu ay co thuan li giup giam bt viec lap at nhng b gii han ve
dung tch.

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4/ LAP HE THONG NHIEN LIEU

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4/ LAP HE THONG NHIEN LIEU

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4/ LAP HE THONG NHIEN LIEU

Viec xac nh dung tch, v tr, ket cau, cach lap at, thong hi, ng ong, th
nghiem va kiem tra phai tuan thu theo quy nh ve moi trng.
V tr phai chon ni co the cham dau vao.
Dung tch thung c tnh toan da tren mc tieu hao nhien lieu va khoang thi gian
can lu tr. Thong thng thung nhien lieu phai am bao cung cap u dau chay
trong 36 gi toi thieu. Thung dau hang ngay cung phai cha u dau chay trong 8 gi
toi thieu
Thung nhien lieu phai thong gio tot, phai thai nc c t nhien va co khoang
khong dan n nhiet 5%
Bm may, bm chuyen van: phai c bao ve bi 1 loc tho co o loc 100-120

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4/ LAP HE THONG NHIEN LIEU

Ong dau nhien lieu:
Ong dau s dung la ong sat en 40. Khong dung ong gang, nhom v oc hai, de ro
r, sat trang kem hoac ong v de bi ong cau do tng tac hoa hoc.
ng ong dau phai c ga lap chac chan han che rung ong, khong gan cac ong
nhiet, day ien, bo phan kh thai. Phai co van khoa e phuc vu cho viec sa cha
ma khong phai xa toan bo dau nhien lieu cua he thong.
Phai xuc ra mat, bui tren ng ong trc khi s dung e tranh lam nghet ng
dau en ong c
Tra bang e biet ve kch thc i ve
Ong ve cua cac may phai at rieng khong noi chung

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4/ LAP HE THONG NHIEN LIEU

Ong dau nhien lieu:

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4/ LAP HE THONG NHIEN LIEU

Thung dau nhien lieu:
Thung dau phu can khi thung dau chnh xa hoac o cao thung chnh thay hn bm
nhien lieu va cao hn voi phun v se gay ra o thap ap cao va o can ap lc dau
hoi.
Chu y: mc dau cung cap <0,15m (6) tren ngo vao bm, mc dau hoi <2,1 m tren
ng tam truc c cua ong c
Cac thung dau eu phai co khoang cha dau tran hoac ro r.
Phai co bo phan d phong c kh e cap dau khi he thong t ong b hong. Bm dau
cung phai c trang b d phong.
Thung dau hang ngay can trang b: phao dau, ong thong hi, van xa, ong tran dau,
thc o dau, phao bao mc dau cao thap, ong dau tran ve thung chnh.

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A- LAP AT PHAN C KH:

5/ LAP HE THONG LAM MAT:
ong c c lam mat cng bc bang bm nc bm dung dch nc lam
mat lu thong tuan hoan qua ong c
a. Ket nc at lien:
La loai he thong ket hp lam mat va thong gio. Loai nay co t thiet b phu tr,
ng ong, day dan va nc lam mat nhat.
Can chu y xem lng gio i qua phong nhieu hay t.

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5/ LAP HE THONG LAM MAT:

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5/ LAP HE THONG LAM MAT:

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5/ LAP HE THONG LAM MAT:

b- Ket nc at cach xa:
Can than khi thiet ke loai nay
Ket nc + quat gio thietke mc nhiet o nh thung nc la 93oC (2000F) va he
so an toan 115% nhiet thai ra + toc o dong chay. Tham khao : thong so nhiet thai
ra cho nc lam mat va toc o dong chay cua nc lam mat e nh kch c cua ket
nc.
Dung tch bnh dan n phai tng ng vi t nhat 15% tong lng nc trong he
thong e cung cap 1 lng nc doi ve 10% va cha phan dan n 5%
Ma sat trong nc lam mat gay ra viec khong u lam mat ong c.
H hong chnh yeu thaiy ra neu ong c hoat ong ma khong co nc lam mat trong
ong c chi trong vai giay.
Van thai phai at cho thap nhat cua he thong.
Phai co van khoa e thc hien viec bao tr sa cha khi can.
Tnh toan cong suat thuan, giong nh tren.
He thong lam mat loai ket nc at xa co bm nc bo tr
He thong lam mat loai ket nc at xa co thung ng moi may

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5/ LAP HE THONG LAM MAT:

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5/ LAP HE THONG LAM MAT:

c. Bo trao oi nhiet at lien:
La loai he thong ap lc kn. Nc lam mat lai va nc lam mat ong c khong lan
vao nhau c.
Can co he thong thong gio cng bc
e tnh cong suat thuan cho may phat ien: can + vao tai quat gio tren Bang thong
so ky thuat cong suat tieu tan cho quat ket nc, quat thong gio, bm nc lam
mat va cac phu kien co lien quan.
Can co van giam van ap neu ap suat nguon nc vt qsua ap suat quy nh cua bo
trao oi nhiet
Co 1 van ha nhiet va mot van ong ngat ng nc khi may khong hoat ong
Khi tnh toan lu lng nc phai am bao nhiet o au ra cua nc lam mat lai
khong vt qua 60oC (140oF)
Lng nhiet toa ra (Btu/phut)
Lng nc s cap (gpm) = --------------------------------------------------------------- Nhiet o tang (oF) x Suat nhiet lng (Btu/0F)
Nhiet o au vao : 800F, 19.200Btu
Suat nhiet lng = 8 Btu/0F Gallon

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5/ LAP HE THONG LAM MAT:

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5/ LAP HE THONG LAM MAT:

d. Bo trao oi nhiet at cach xa:
Rat phc tap, can nhieu thiet b, nhat la he thong lam mat th cap (loai ket
nc) dung e lam mat bo trao oi nhiet
Bo si nong nc lam mat dung cho may d phong co yeu cau ap ng nhanh

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5/ LAP HE THONG LAM MAT:

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5/ LAP HE THONG LAM MAT:

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5/ LAP HE THONG LAM MAT:

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B. LAP AT IEN

Vat dan ien CB, day, au noi, phai chu c 115% tai nh mc
Chieu dai t may en CB au tien < 25feet (8.5m)
Kch thc dau trung tnh phai t en 1 day fa.
Day mem e au
Noi at
Noi at he thong may
ATS: 4 cc: noi at tai MPD
ATS 3 cc: noi at tai ATS
Noi at cua khung may

Noi vao khung may bang day mem tai v tr quy nh

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C. IEU KIEN AP NG VE MOI TRNG

TIENG ON VA VIEC LAM GIAM O ON:
Tieng on co 3 thanh phan:

Kh thai (ts thap)

Chi tiet chuyen ong (ts thap va cao)
Gio qua ket nc (ts cao)
Quy nh ve tieng on:+2-72db(A)
Mc o on tnh:
Gap oi nguon: tren 3db(A)
Gap oi khoang cach: di 6db(A)
Tieu chuan o cua Cummins: 1m va 7m

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C. IEU KIEN AP NG VE MOI TRNG

Viec lam giam o on:

On do kh thai:
Dung ong po thch hp cong nghiep 12-18dbA, C dan 18-25dbA, Can yen tnh cao 2535db(A)
On do cau truc
Gan tren chan lo xo
Noi mem ong thai, ong hng gio, ng dau, ng nc lam mat, day dan ien mem.
S dung vat lieu cach am
Si thuy tinh: chi ph thap, de kiem, t trong cao, chu la va sach
Bot bien : de h hong do ma sat, co o tham my cao nhng at tien, khong lam sach
de dang, khong phai tat ca eu chu la
Be tong: co the dung cat
On do gio:
Hng gio len tri
at bc tngngan cach
Dung vat lieu hut am: ong hng gio, tng, tran
ay ket nc at xa vi quat quay

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C. IEU KIEN AP NG VE MOI TRNG

Luat va cac quy nh ve tieng on

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C. IEU KIEN AP NG VE MOI TRNG

QUY NH VE KH THAI
Can tham khao quy nh e co nhng bo loc kh thai
Ap suat ngc cua kh thai khong c qua tieu
chuan cho moi may.

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C. IEU KIEN AP NG VE MOI TRNG

QUY NH VE VIEC TR DAU NHIEN LIEU
- Chong chay c

- Bao ve moi trng

- Khong c ro r

Cng ty TNHH Cng Ngh Minh Phng

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