-: -1 -:

-1 -2 -3 -4 -5

-2 -:
-1 -2 -3
-3 ( ) -:
.

( 300 800
)

 :
-1

2
38-37


3 14

4

%5
%30


1 %10

2 80 130
50 75

3
4







****
**** ( )

H9

:
1
2

3

4

H9
5

6 ...
7
( )
8
-9
10
-11 (
3 )


SWOLLEN HEAD SYNDROME
Cause of Turkey Rhino Tracheitis (TRT) of turkeys,
Swollen Head Syndrome (SHS) of chickens, highly
contagious respiratory diseases
Etiology: pneumovirus (Paramyxoviridae)
Upper respiratory symptoms
Nasal discharge
Conjunctivitis
Sneezing

 :

.
:
.
.

.
.


.



-1 .
-2 .
-3
.
:


))INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS, IB

 :

:

(
)

:
)(Corona virus

3 12
.


18 36
5

:

*S1 is the major

epitope. *Variation
in S1 epitopes give
different
serotypes.
Serotypes: -IB virus
mutates easily
multiple serotypes
complicate the
control by
vaccination.

Classic serotypes: Massachusetts and Holland strains.

The most common serotypes and are used as seed
strains. They induce cross-protection with all
serotypes about 45-50%.

Variant Serotypes: Conneccut, Florida, Jamika, QX, S

4/91, D212, D1466, Gray and Halt strains.

Several strains have a strong affinity to Respiratory tissues respiratory damage as

classic serotypes.

-Several strains have affinity to the Kidney (nephropathogenic) renal damage as Tstrain & Gray and Halt strains.
-Several strains have affinity to Muscles causing muscle damage as S4/91.
-Several strains have affinity to Genital organs causing genital damage as QX
strain.


1
2
3
4
-5

6
7
-8

-9


1
- 2
-3
4
-5
-6
-7

-8
9
-10
-11
-12

-13