n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

Li ni u
ng c t trong ng vai tr quan trng trong nn kinh t,
l ngun ng lc cho cc phng tin vn ti nh t, my ko,
xe my, tu thu, my bay v cc my cng tc nh my pht
in, bm nc. ng c t trong l ngun cung cp 80% nng
lng hin ti ca th gii. Chnh v vy vic tnh ton v thit k
n mn hc ng c t trong ng vai tr ht sc quan
trng i vi cc sinh vin chuyn ngnh ng c t trong.
n tnh ton thit k n mn hc ng c t trong l
n i hi ngi thc hin phi s dng tng hp rt nhiu
kin thc chuyn ngnh cng nh kin thc ca cc mn hc c
s. Trong qu trnh hon thnh n khng nhng gip cho
em cng c c rt nhiu cc kin thc hc v cn gip em
m rng v hiu su hn v cc kin thc chuyn ngnh ca
mnh cng nh cc kin thc tng hp khc. n ny cng l
mt bc tp dt rt quan trng cho em trc khi tin hnh lm
n tt nghip sau ny.
Mc d c gng rt nhiu hon thnh n ny mt
cch tt nht, song do nhng hn ch v kin thc cng nh
nhng kinh nghim thc t nn trong qu trnh lm khng trnh
c sai st chnh v vy em rt mong c s ng gp ca cc
thy c cng nh ton th cc bn n ca em c hon
chnh hn.
Cui cng em xin chn thnh cm n thy gio hng dn
Nguyn Th Trc cng nh ton th cc thy c gio trong B mn
ng C t Trong to mi iu kin gip em hon thnh
n tt p.

H Ni, ngy 15/11/2011.

Sinh vin
Nguyn Vn Sn.

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

Tnh Nhit
S liu ban du ca n mn hc ng c t trong(s 2)

CC S LIU CA PHN TNH TON NHIT

TT
Tn thng s
K hiu
Gi tr
n v
1 Kiu ng c
3D6
Thng
hng
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

S k
S xilanh
Th t n
Hnh trnh piston
ng knh xilanh
Gc m sm xupp np
Gc ng mun xupp np
Gc m sm xupp x
Gc ng mun xupp x
Gc phun sm
Chiu di thanh truyn
Cng sut ng c
S vng quay ng c
Sut tiu hao nhin liu
T s nn
Trng lng thanh truyn
Trng lng nhm piston

I
S
D

1
2
1
2
i
l tt
Ne

n
ge

mtt
m pt

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

4
6
1-5-3-6-2-4
180
150
20
48
48
20
30
320
140
1400
185
14,5
5,62
2,37

Ghi ch
/c Diesel
khng tng
p

k
mm
mm

mm
m lc
v/ph
g/ml.h
kg
kg

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

Chng I: Tnh ton chu trnh cng tc

ca ng c t trong
1.1 Cc thng s chn.
1.1.1 p sut v nhit ca mi trng:
po =pk = 0,1 MPa
To =Tk= 24 + 273 = 297 oK
1.1.2 p sut cui qu trnh np:
ng c khng tng p:
pa = (0,8 0,9)po = (0,8 0,9).0,1 chn pa = 0,087 MPa
1.1.3 p sut v nhit kh st:
pr= (1,1 1,15).pk = (1,1 1,15).0,1 chn pr = 0,115 MPa
Tr = (700 900) oK ,chn Tr= 700 oK
1.1.4 tng nhit do sy nng kh np mi:
T = 20 40, chn T = 20 oK
1.1.5 H s hiu nh t nhit:
Cc loi ng c diezel c > 1,4 c th chn t = 1,10
1.1.6 H s qut bung chy:
ng c khng tng p: 2 = 1
1.1.7 H s np thm:
1 = 1,02 1,07 chn 1 = 1,02
1.1.8 H s li dng nhiy ti z v b:
z = 0,70 0,85 chn z = 0,75
b = 0,80 0,90 chn b = 0,884
1.1.9 H s hiu nh th cng:
d = 0,92 0,97 chn d = 0,961
Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

1.1.9 H s tng p:
= 1,5 2,0 chn = 1,65
1.2 Cc thng s tnh ton.
1.2.1 H s kh st:
r

2 Tk T p r
. .
Tr
pa

1
p
.1 t .2 . r
pa

1
m

Ch s dn n a bin m = 1,45 1,5 , chn m = 1,5

1. 297 20 0,115
.
.
700
0,087

1
0,115

0,087

14,5.1,02 1,10.1.

1
1,5

r 0,0445

1.2.2 Nhit cui hnh trnh np:

p
(T0 T ) t . r .Tr . a
pr
Ta
1 r

m 1
m

0,087
(297 20) 1,10.0,0445.700.
0,115

Ta
1 0,0445

1,5 1
1,5

Ta 333,40 K

1.2.3 H s np:

pr
Tk
p
1

v
.
. a . .1 t . 2 .
1 Tk T p k
Pa

1
m

1
297 0,087
0,115 1,5
v
.
.
. 14,5.1,02 1,10.1.

14,5 1 297 20 0,1

0,087

v 0,8130

1.2.4 Lng kh np mi:

432.10 3.Pk . v (*)
M
1

g e . pe .Tk

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6
N .30.

e
Ta c Pe i.V .n
h

Vh =
Pe =

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

trong :

D 2
.S
4

. 150.102
4

2
3
.180.102 =3,18(dm )

0,7355.140.30.4
= 0,4625 (MPa ) thay vo (*) ta c
6.3,18.1400

432.103.0,1.0,8130
M1 = 185
= 1,0166 (kmol/kg nl)
.0, 4625.297
0, 7355

1.2.5 Lng kh l thuyt cn thit t chy 1 kg nhin

liu :
M0 =

1 C H
O
.

0,21 12 4 32

(kmol/kg nl)

i vi nhin liu ng c diesel: C=0,87; H=0,126;O = 0,004

M0 = 0,4946 (kmol/kg nl)
1.2.6 H s d lng khng kh:
i vi ng c diesel:
1,0166
M
1=
= 2,0555;
M0
0, 4946
1.3 Qu trnh nn.
1.3.1 T nhit mol ng tch trung bnh ca kh np mi:
mc 19,806 0,00209.T kJ/kmol.
v

1.3.2 T nhit mol ng tch trung bnh ca kh st :

''

mcv

1,634
1
187,36

5
19,876
427,86
.10 T
2

1,634
187,36

19,876
427,86
.10 5 T

2,0614
2,0614

''

mcv 20,67095 0,00260.T

1.3.3 T nhit mol ng tch trung bnh ca kh hn hp
cng tc:
''
'
mcv r .mcv = 19,806 0,00209.T 0,0445(20,67095 0,00260.T )
mcv

1 r

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

1 0,0445

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6
'

mcv 19,843 0,00211.T av '

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

bv '
T
2

1.3.4 Ch s nn a bin n1:

8,314

n1 1
a 'v

'

bv
.Ta . n1 1 1
2

Thay cc gi tr bit v th chn vi n 1 = 1,3704 thay vo hai

v
ca
phng
trnh
ta
c
:
V
phi
8,314

0,3705
19,841 0,00211.333,4. 14,51,3704 1 1
V tri= n1 1 1,3704-1=0, 3704
Sai s=

0,3705 0,3704
.100 =0,175%<0,2%
0,3705

Vy n1= 1,3704
1.3.5 p sut cui qu trnh nn:
pc = pa . n1 = 0,087.14,5 1,3704 = 3,3967 (MPa)
1.3.6 Nhit cui qu trnh nn:
Tc = Ta.n1 - 1 = 333,4.14,51,3704 - 1 = 897,6(K)
1.3.7 Lng mi cht cng tc ca qu trnh nn:
Mc =M1 + Mr = M1(1+r) = 1,0166(1+0,0445) = 1,062(kmol/kg
nl)

1.4 Qu trnh chy.

1.4.1 H s thay i phn t l thuyt:
i vi ng c diesel:
H O
0,126 0, 004
)
(

)
4
32 =1,0310
0 1 4 32 1
M1
1, 0196
(

0 1,0311
1.4.2 H s thay i phn t thc t :

0 r
1 r

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

1,0311 0,0445
1 0,0445
1,0298
1.4.3 H s thay i phn t ti z :

z 1

0 1
. z
1 r

z 0,75

0,8484
b 0,884

z 1

1,0311 1 0,75
.
1 0,0445 0,884

z = 1,0253
1.4.4 Lng sn vt chy M2:
M2= M1 +M= 0 .M1=1,0311.1,0166=1,0483 (kmol/kg nl)
1.4.5 Nhit ti z:

,
''
z .QH
mcv 8,314. .Tc z .mc pz .Tz (**)
M 1 .1 r

trong :
QH l nhit tr ca du diezel : QH = 42.500 (kJ/kg mol)
l nhit mol ng tch trung bnh ti im Z ca sn
mc
''

pz

phm chy:
mc pz

8,314 mcvz

(kJ/kmol)

Xc nh t nhit mol ng tch trung bnh ti im Z bng

cng thc sau:
mcvz

''

''

0 .mcv . x z r 1 x z .mcv
0

0 . x z r 1 x z
0

0,0445
) (1 0,8484).(19,806 0,00209.Tz )
1,0311
0,0445
1,031.(0,8484
) (1 0,8484)
1,0311

1,0311.(20,67095 0,00260.Tz ).(0,8484

=20,54852+0,00252.Tz = avz +

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

bvz ''
.Tz
2

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

Chnh l ta c:

mc pz 8,314 mcvz 8,314 20,54852+0,00252.Tz

28,86252 0,00252.Tz ap

bp
2

.Tz

Thay tt c vo (**) ta c :
0,75.42500
19,843 0,00211.897,6 8,314.1,65 .897,6
1,0166. 1 0,0445
1,0253. 28,86252 0,00252.Tz .Tz

0,00259Tz2 29,592Tz 61845,62 0

Gii phng trnh trn ta c: Tz = 1805,1 oK
1.4.6 p sut ti im z:
pz = pc =1,65.3,3967 = 5,6046 MPa
1.5 Qu trnh gin n.
1.5.1 T s gin n sm :
i vi ng c diezel:

z .Tz 1,0253.1805,1

1, 2495
.Tc
1,65.897,6

1.5.2 T s gin n sau :

14,5

=
=11,6043
1, 2495
1.5.3 Ch s gin n a bin trung bnh:
n2 1

8,314

''
b z .Q H
bvz
''
avz
Tz Tb (***)
M 1.1 r . . Tz Tb
2
*

i vi ng c diezel:

Tb

Tz

n2 1

Thay cc gi tr bit v th chn vi n 2 = 1,2444 thay vo hai

v ca phng trnh ta c :
VP

0,886 0,75 .42500

8,314

1,0166. 1 0,0445 .1,0298.1805,1. 1

1,2444 1
11,6043

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

20,54852 0,00252.1805,1. 1
1,2444 1
11,6043

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

VP=0,2445
VT= n2 1 1,2444-1=0,2444
Sai s=

0, 2445 0,2444
.100 =0,03%<0,2%
0, 2445

Vy n2= 1,2444
1.5.4 p sut cui qu trnh gin n :

pz
5,6046

0, 2653(MPa)
n 2 11,60431,2444

Pb

1.5.5 Nhit cui qu trnh gin n:

Tb =

Tz

1805,1
=978,5 (K)
11,60431,2444 1

1.5.4 Kim tra nhit kh st:

n2 1

Tr(tnh) =

Tb . p r
pb

Kim tra :
Tr =

Tr Tr (chon)
Tr

m 1
m

= 978,7. 0,115
0, 2653

.100 %

750,40 700
750,40

1,5 1
1,5

= 750,40 (K)

.100 % = 6,72% < 15%

Vy Tr chn nh trn l ng.

1.6 Tnh ton cc thng s ca chu trnh cng tc.
1.6.1 p sut trung bnh ch th l thuyt :
Pc

p i = 1 . 1 n 1 (1 n 1) n 1 (1 n 1)
2
1
2

(MPa)

3,3967
1,65.1, 2495
1
1
1
1,65. 1, 2495 1
(1
)
(1
)
1,2444 1
1.3704 1
14,5 1
1, 2444 1
11,6043
1,3704 1
14,5

pi = 0,6332 (MPa)
1.6.2 p sut trung bnh ch th thc t:
pi = pi .d
pi = 0,961 . 0,6332 = 0,6085 (MPa)
1.6.3 Sut tiu hao nhin liu ch th:
432.103. pk .v 432.103.0,1.0,8153
gi

191, 21 g / kwh
M 1. pi .Tk
1,0196.0,6084.297
1.6.4 Hiu sut ch th:

3,6.103
3,6.103
i

0,4431
gi .QH
0,19121.42500
1.6.5 p sut tn tht c kh:
Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

Vi ng c diesel cao tc dng cho t:

pm =0,015+0,0156.vtb =0,015+0,0156.8,4=0,146 (MPa)
S .n 180.103.1400
Trong : vtb=

8,4 (m / s)
30
30

1.6.6 p sut c ch trung bnh:

pe = pi - pm = 0,6085 - 0,146 = 0,46249 (MPa)
1.6.7 Hiu sut c gii:
m = pe/pi = 0,46249 / 0,6084 = 0,76
1.6.8 Sut tiu hao nhin liu c ch:
ge = gi/m = 191,21/ 0,76 = 251,51 (g/kw.h)
1.6.9 Hiu sut c ch :
e = i . m = 0,4434.0,76 = 0,3368
1.6.10 Kim nghim ng knh xylanh:

Vh

30 .N e 30.4.140.0,7355

3,18060
Pe .i.n
0,46249.6.1400

Dtnh ton =

dm
3

4.Vh
4.3,18060

1,500318 dm 150,0318 mm
.S
.180.10 2

D = 150,0318-150 = 0,0318mm < 0,1mm ( tho mn )

1.7 V v hiu nh th cng.

1.7.1 Xc nh dung tch bung chy:
* Gi thit qu trnh np p sut bng hng s v bng: p a=0,087
(Mpa)
* Gi thit qu trnh thi p sut bng hng s v bng:
pr=0,115 (Mpa)
1.7.2 Xc nh qu trnh nn ac, qu trnh gin n zb:
xc nh ta phi lp bng :
* Qu trnh nn:
Ta c pvn1= const pxvxn1 = pcvcn1
t vx = ivc, trong i = 1
px =

v
pc. c
vx

n1

==

v
pc. c
iv c

n1

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

10

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6
px = pc.

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

1
i n1

* Qu trnh gin n:
pvn2= const pxvxn2 = pz (vz) n2

Px Pz . i

n2

Bng 1.1 : Bng xc nh qu trnh nn v qu trnh gin n

Qu trnh nn

Qu trnh gin n

px=pc.1/in1

Biu
din

px=pz.(/i)n2

Biu
din

1.000

3.3967

151.5

18.5

1.357

2.5032

111.7

1.00000

5.6046

250.0

0.35343

22.2

1.743

1.9487

86.9

0.79662

4.4647

199.2

0.47124

29.6

2.585

1.3138

58.6

0.55690

3.1212

139.2

2.5

0.58905

37.0

3.510

0.9677

43.2

0.42187

2.3644

105.5

0.70686

44.4

4.507

0.7537

33.6

0.33624

1.8845

84.1

3.5

0.82467

51.9

5.567

0.6102

27.2

0.27755

1.5556

69.4

0.94248

59.3

6.684

0.5082

22.7

0.23506

1.3174

58.8

4.5

1.06029

66.7

7.855

0.4324

19.3

0.20301

1.1378

50.8

1.1781

74.1

9.075

0.3743

16.7

0.17807

0.9980

44.5

5.5

1.29591

81.5

10.342

0.3284

14.7

0.15815

0.8864

39.5

1.41372

88.9

11.651

0.2915

13.0

0.14192

0.7954

35.5

6.5

1.53153

96.3

13.002

0.2612

11.7

0.12847

0.7200

32.1

1.64934

103.7

14.392

0.2360

10.5

0.11715

0.6566

29.3

7.5

1.76715

111.1

15.819

0.2147

9.6

0.10751

0.6026

26.9

1.88496

118.5

17.282

0.1965

8.8

0.09921

0.5561

24.8

8.5

2.00277

125.9

18.779

0.1809

8.1

0.09200

0.5156

23.0

2.12058

133.3

20.309

0.1672

7.5

0.08569

0.4802

21.4

9.5

2.23839

140.7

21.871

0.1553

6.9

0.08011

0.4490

20.0

10

2.3562

148.1

23.464

0.1448

6.5

0.07516

0.4212

18.8

10.5

2.47401

155.6

25.086

0.1354

6.0

0.07073

0.3964

17.7

11

2.59182

163.0

26.738

0.1270

5.7

0.06675

0.3741

16.7

11.5

2.70963

170.4

28.417

0.1195

5.3

0.06316

0.3540

15.8

12

2.82744

177.8

30.124

0.1128

5.0

0.05990

0.3357

15.0

i.Vc

Biu din

in1

0.23562

14.8

1.2495

0.29441

1.5

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

(/i)n2

11

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

12.5

2.94525

185.2

31.857

0.1066

4.8

0.05694

0.3191

14.2

13

3.06306

192.6

33.616

0.1010

4.5

0.05422

0.3039

13.6

13.5

3.18087

200.0

35.401

0.0960

4.3

0.05174

0.2900

12.9

14

3.29868

207.4

37.210

0.0913

4.1

0.04945

0.2771

12.4

14.5

3.41649

214.8

39.043

0.0870

3.9

0.04733

0.2653

11.8

1.7.3 V v hiu nh th cng:

1.7.3.1 V:
Da vo bng lp ta v ng nn v ng gin n, v tip
ng biu din qu trnh np v qu trnh thi l thuyt bng
hai ng song song vi trc honh, i qua hai im p a v pr. Sau
khi v xong ta phi hiu nh c th cng ch th , cc
bc hiu nh nh sau :
- Chn p =

5,6046
=0.0224184 (Mpa/mm)
250

- Chn v = 0.01590435 (dm3/mm)

Ta chn t l xch ca hnh trnh piston S l:
S
180
S

0,9
gtbd S 200
Ta c thng s kt cu ca ng c l:

R
S
180

0,28125
Ltt 2.Ltt 2.320

Vy ta c khong cch OO ' l:

.R 0, 281.180
'
OO

gtbd OO'

gttOO'

12,656 mm
2.2
12,656

14,06 mm
0,9

- V th Brick t pha trn th cng

- Ln lt hiu nh cc im trn th
1.7.3.2 Hiu nh cc im trn th:
1. Hiu nh im bt u qu trnh np:
T 0 ca th Brick xc nh gc ng mun 2 = 200 ca
xupp thi, bn knh ny ct Brick a , t a ging ng song
song vi tung ct ng pa d ni im r trn ng thi. Ta
c ng chuyn tip t qu trnh thi sang qu trnh na.
Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

12

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

2. Hiu nh p sut cui qu trnh nn (im c):

Cng t 0 ca th Brick xc nh gc phun sm p =300
bn knh ny ct th Brick ti c , t cging ng song song
vi tung ct ng nn ti im c. Trn on cz ly c sao
cho cc =

1
cz .Dng
3

mt cung cong thch hp, ni 2 im c v c.

3. Hiu nh im t im pmax thc t :

p sut pz max thc t trong qu trnh chy gin n khng duy
tr l hng s trong on ng vi .Vc . Theo thc nghim, im
t tr s p sut cao nht l im ng vi 3720 3750 ng vi gc
quay trc khuu. Trong trng hp ny ta ly im t pz max ng vi
3750 gc quay trc khuu. Vy im z '' (ng vi pz max ) c xc
nh nh sau: T im O ' trn th Brick ta xc nh gc tng
ng vi 3750 gc quay trc khuu(tc l 15 0 sau CT ca qu trnh
chy v gin n), bn knh ny ct vng trn ti 1 im. T
im ny ta ging song song vi trc tung ct ng pz ti im
z '' .
4. Hiu nh im bt u thi thc t :
Hiu nh im b cn c vo gc m sm 1 = 48o xupp
thi.
p sut cui qu trnh gin n thc t

pb " thng thp hn

p sut cui qu trnh gin n l thuyt do xupp thI m sm.

Xc nh

pb " theo cng thc kinh nghim sau y:

pb "

pr

1
.
2

pb

pr

T th Brick xc nh gc m sm xu pp thi 1 = 48o ct

vng trn Brick ti mt im, t im ging ng song
1

song vi trc tung ct zb ti b . Trn b ly bb sao cho bb = 2 ba .

Dng thc cong ni b b tip tuyn vi pr = const ta c qu
trnh chuyn tip t qu trnh gin n sang qu trnh thi.

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

13

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

14

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

Chng II: Tnh ton ng hc v ng lc

hc
2.1 V ng biu din cc quy lut ng hc.
Cc ng biu din ny u v trn mt honh thng nht
ng vi hnh trnh ca piston S = 2R. V vy th u ly
honh tng ng vi Vh ca th cng (t im 1Vc n
Vc).
2.1.1 ng biu din hnh trnh ca pitton x= f( ):
Dng phng php Brick v, trnh t v nh sau :
- Chn gc to cch gc th cng mt khong bng gi
tr biu din ca dung tch VC
- Chn t l xch gc : 0,7 mm/
- Tin hnh v theo phng php Brick
+ Pha trn th cng ta v na vng trn tm 0 c ng
knh l S/s sau
ly v pha CD mt khong 00 = R/2s
+ Ly 0 lm tm chia v nh du trn ng trn y cc
im chia
+ Ging cc im chia trn ng trn xung th
x=f() v trn trc ging cc tia nm ngang tng ng, ni cc
im li ta c x = f()
2.1.2 ng biu din tc ca pittong v= f( ):
ng biu din tc ca pitton c v trn cng h to ca
x v
- Trnh t v ng v=f() nh sau :
V pha di th v=f() na vng trn tm l 0, bn knh
ca n bng S/2x v = S/ 2x . Ly 0 lm tm v vng trn bn
knh bng R/2v . Chia vng trn nh v na vng trn ln (bn
knh R) ra n phn bng nhau (18 phn), nh s cc im chia
t 118. T cc im chia trn vng trn ln ta k cc tia thng
ng, t cc im chia trn vng trn nh ta k cc tia nm
ngang giao im ca cc tia tng ng c nh s I, II . Ni
cc im li ta c ng cong biu th v=f()
2.1.3 V ng biu th v=f(x):
Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

15

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

T na vng trn Brick theo cc im chia d c ta ging

xung trc honh x ca th v=f(x) ta s c cc gi tr x10 ,
x20 ... x90 .o gi tr v trn th v=f() v t gi tr y ng
vi gc tng ng nn cc tia x . Ni cc im li ta c
ng cong v=f(x)
0

2.1.4 V ng biu din gia tc ca pitton j = f(x):

th ny c v cng honh vi trc x = f()
v th ny ta s dng phng php Tl :
- Chn t l xch j = 24,79 (m/s2.mm)
Tnh :

jmax= R 2(1+) =

2479 (m/s2)

180.10 3 .1400

30
2

1 0,28125 =

on biu din AC = jmax/j = 100 (mm)

Tnh :

jmin=- R

180.103 .1400
(1-) = -

2
30

1 0, 28125 =-

1390 (m/s2)
on biu din BD = jmin/j = 56,1(mm)
- Ni C vi D ct trc honh ti E ly:
2

EF = - 3R 2

180.103 .1400
2
= -3.0,28125.

= -1631 (m/s )
2
30

on biu din EF = 65,8 (mm)

- T in A tng ng vi CT ly AC = jmax, t im B tng
ng vi CD ly
BD = jmin, ni CD ct trc honh E, ly EF = - 3R 2 v pha
BD. Ni CF v

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

16

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

FD ng phn CF v FD thnh 8 phn bng nhau, k hiu

tng ng 1,27 v
1,27. Ni 11,2277. V ng bao trong tip tuyn vi
11,2277
ta c ng cong biu din quan h j = f(x).

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

17

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6
o

P
15

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

o'

44

24

Pz

c'
Pc c
P jmax
Pj

c''
Pk

b'

a
1Vc Vc

b''
r
a
18,7Vc

j
F

x=f( a )

V=f(x)

P jmin

j max

j=f(x)

j min

IV

III

II

VI

VII

2
1
VIII
0
17
16

IX

15 14 13 12

11

8
9
10
X

XI

XVII
XII
XIII

XIV

XV

18

XVI

17
16

15
4

14
5

13
6

12
8

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

10

11

18

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

2.2 Tnh ton ng lc hc.

2.2.1 Cc khi lng chuyn ng tnh tin:
- Khi lng nhm pittng: mnp = 2,37 (kg)
- Khi lng nhm thanh truyn: mtt = 5,62 (kg)
- Khi lng ca thanh truyn phn b v tm cht pittng tnh
theo cng thc kinh nghim sau :
m1 = (0,275 0,285)mtt
Ly m1 = 0,28mtt = 0,28.5,62 = 1,5736 (kg)
Khi lng chuyn ng tnh tin trn mt n v din tch
nh pittng
mnp m1

m=

Fp

2,37 1,5736
223,16 kg

2
.0,152
m
4

2.2.2 Cc khi lng chuyn ng quay:

mk= m2 +mch +m0m
Trong :
- Khi lng thanh truyn quy dn v tm cht : m2 = mtt - m1
m2 =

mtt m1
Fp

5,62 1,5736
0,152
=
= 228,98(kg/m2)
.
4

- Khi lng ca m khuu quy dn v tm cht m0m

- Khi lng ca cht khuu mch
2.2.3 V ng biu din lc qun tnh Pj = f(x):
p dng phng php Tl v nhng honh t trng vi ng pk th cng v v ng - pj = f(x) (tc cng chiu vi j =
f(x)), tin hnh nh sau:
- Chn t l : p = kt = 0,0224184MPa/mm
x = j = 24,79 (m/s2.mm)
- Tnh :
Pjmax = mjmax = 223,16 . 2479 . 10-6 = 0.553 (MPa)

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

19

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6
gtbdp j max

p j max

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

0.553
24,7 mm
0,0224184

Pjmin = mjmin = 223,16 . 1390 . 10-6 = -0.31 (MPa)

gtbdp j min

p j min

0,31
13,8 mm
0,0224184

EF = m. 3R 2 = 223,16. 1631 . 10-6 = 0,36 (MPa)

gtbd EF

EF
0,36

16,2 mm
p 0,0224184

2.2.4 Khai trin th p -V thnh p = f( ):

- Chn t l xch = 20/1mm, nh vy ton b chu trnh 7200 s
ng vi 360mm. t honh ny cng trn ng m biu
din pk
- Chn t l p = 0,0224184 MPa/mm
- Xc nh tr s pkt ng vi cc gc t th Brick ri t
cc gi tr ny trn th p - , pmax t c ti = 375 0.
2.2.5 Khai trin th Pj = f(x) thnh Pj = f( ):
th pj = f() biu din trn th cng c ngha kim tra
tnh nng tc ca ng c . Trin khai p j = f(x) thnh pj =
f() cng thng qua Brick chuyn to , nhng trn to p phi t ng gi tr m dng ca pj.

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

20

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

2.2.6 V th P = f( ):
Ta bit p = pkt + pj .V vy vic xy dng p = f() ch l
vic cng to cc tr s tng ng ca pj v pkt . Kt qu nh
hnh v.

Pkt
Pj
P

kt

180

360

540

720

P
j

2.2.7 V ng biu din lc tip tuyn T = f( ) v lc

php tuyn Z = f( ):
Theo kt qu tnh ton ng lc hc, ta c :
T= p .

sin
cos

Z = p .

cos
cos

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

21

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

Trnh t v nh sau:
Chn = 20 /1mm, p = T = Z = 0,0224184 ( MPa/mm)
Da vo = R/Ltt ta tnh c cc tr s

sin
cos

cos
cos

Biu din Z = f() v T = f() trn cng mt h trc to .

Cc s liu v cc th biu din trn bng 2.1
Bng 2.1: S liu v cc th T v Z = f( )

GTBD
(P)
-23.7

10

-24.1

0.048839

2.799356383

0.221802223

-5.3

0.976316896

-23.5

20

-23.3

0.096193

5.519997687

0.43283328

-10.1

0.906639342

-21.1

30

-20.5

0.140625

8.084013907

0.623007153

-12.8

0.795007191

-16.3

40

-16.8

0.180784

10.4154298

0.78359633

-13.2

0.647891897

-10.9

50

-12.5

0.21545

12.44192912

0.907863676

-11.4

0.473774029

-5.9

60

-7.9

0.24357

14.09731993

0.99159186

-7.9

0.282512519

-2.2

70

-3.3

0.264289

15.32468259

1.033417129

-3.4

0.084514172

-0.3

80

0.9

0.276977

16.07987593

1.034862659

1.0

-0.1102273

-0.1

90

4.6

0.28125

16.33482278

4.6

-0.293080324

-1.4

100

7.6

0.276977

16.07987593

0.934752847

7.1

-0.457523656

-3.5

110

9.8

0.264289

15.32468259

0.845968112

8.3

-0.599526114

-5.9

120

11.3

0.24357

14.09731993

0.740458948

8.4

-0.717487481

-8.1

130

12.2

0.21545

12.44192912

0.62422521

7.6

-0.81180119

-9.9

140

12.7

0.180784

10.4154298

0.501978889

6.4

-0.884196989

-11.2

150

12.9

0.140625

8.084013907

0.376992847

4.8

-0.937043617

-12.0

160

12.9

0.096193

5.519997687

0.251207007

3.2

-0.972745899

-12.5

170

12.9

0.048839

2.799356383

0.125494132

1.6

-0.99329861

-12.8

180

12.8

3.45E-17

1.97426E-15

1.22515E-16

0.0

-1

-12.8

190

12.9

-0.04884

-2.799356383

-0.125494132

-1.6

-0.99329861

-12.8

200

13.2

-0.09619

-5.519997687

-0.251207007

-3.3

-0.972745899

-12.8

210

13.4

-0.14063

-8.084013907

-0.376992847

-5.0

-0.937043617

-12.5

220

13.4

-0.18078

-10.4154298

-0.501978889

-6.7

-0.884196989

-11.8

230

13.7

-0.21545

-12.44192912

-0.62422521

-8.6

-0.81180119

-11.1

240

13.3

-0.24357

-14.09731993

-0.740458948

-9.9

-0.717487481

-9.6

.sin()

sin(+)/cos

GTBD(T)

cos(+)/cos

GTBD(Z)

0.0

-23.7

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

22

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

250

12.3

-0.26429

-15.32468259

-0.845968112

-10.4

-0.599526114

-7.4

260

10.6

-0.27698

-16.07987593

-0.934752847

-9.9

-0.457523656

-4.9

270

8.6

-0.28125

-16.33482278

-1

-8.6

-0.293080324

-2.5

280

6.9

-0.27698

-16.07987593

-1.034862659

-7.2

-0.1102273

-0.8

290

5.2

-0.26429

-15.32468259

-1.033417129

-5.3

0.084514172

0.4

300

4.6

-0.24357

-14.09731993

-0.99159186

-4.5

0.282512519

1.3

310

6.5

-0.21545

-12.44192912

-0.907863676

-5.9

0.473774029

3.1

320

13.2

-0.18078

-10.4154298

-0.78359633

-10.3

0.647891897

8.5

330

28.5

-0.14063

-8.084013907

-0.623007153

-17.8

0.795007191

22.7

340

51.7

-0.09619

-5.519997687

-0.43283328

-22.4

0.906639342

46.9

345

61.7

-0.07279

-4.174415568

-0.329318575

-20.3

0.947035534

58.4

350

85.9

-0.04884

-2.799356383

-0.221802223

-19.1

0.976316896

83.9

355

120.5

-0.02451

-1.404606499

-0.111582357

-13.4

0.994057646

119.8

360

155.3

-6.9E-17

-3.94852E-15

-2.4503E-16

0.0

155.3

365

200.5

0.024513

1.404606499

0.111582357

22.4

0.994057646

199.3

370

218.9

0.048839

2.799356383

0.221802223

48.6

0.976316896

213.7

375

221.7

0.072793

4.174415568

0.329318575

73.0

0.947035534

209.9

380

212.7

0.096193

5.519997687

0.43283328

92.1

0.906639342

192.8

385

134.0

0.118861

6.826394503

0.531112392

71.2

0.855716143

114.6

390

105.5

0.140625

8.084013907

0.623007153

65.7

0.795007191

83.9

395

87.3

0.161318

9.283427567

0.707474451

61.7

0.725395645

63.3

400

69.2

0.180784

10.4154298

0.78359633

54.2

0.647891897

44.8

410

44.5

0.21545

12.44192912

0.907863676

40.4

0.473774029

21.1

420

32.1

0.24357

14.09731993

0.99159186

31.8

0.282512519

9.1

430

27.2

0.264289

15.32468259

1.033417129

28.1

0.084514172

2.3

440

24.4

0.276977

16.07987593

1.034862659

25.3

-0.1102273

-2.7

450

23.1

0.28125

16.33482278

23.1

-0.293080324

-6.8

460

23.1

0.276977

16.07987593

0.934752847

21.6

-0.457523656

-10.6

470

23.3

0.264289

15.32468259

0.845968112

19.7

-0.599526114

-14.0

480

23.3

0.24357

14.09731993

0.740458948

17.3

-0.717487481

-16.7

490

23.2

0.21545

12.44192912

0.62422521

14.5

-0.81180119

-18.9

500

22.7

0.180784

10.4154298

0.501978889

11.4

-0.884196989

-20.1

510

21.4

0.140625

8.084013907

0.376992847

8.1

-0.937043617

-20.0

520

20.4

0.096193

5.519997687

0.251207007

5.1

-0.972745899

-19.8

530

19.4

0.048839

2.799356383

0.125494132

2.4

-0.99329861

-19.2

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

23

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

540

17.8

1.03E-16

5.92277E-15

3.67545E-16

0.0

-1

-17.8

550

15.9

-0.04884

-2.799356383

-0.125494132

-2.0

-0.99329861

-15.7

560

15.4

-0.09619

-5.519997687

-0.251207007

-3.9

-0.972745899

-15.0

570

14.9

-0.14063

-8.084013907

-0.376992847

-5.6

-0.937043617

-13.9

580

14.7

-0.18078

-10.4154298

-0.501978889

-7.4

-0.884196989

-13.0

590

14.2

-0.21545

-12.44192912

-0.62422521

-8.9

-0.81180119

-11.6

600

13.3

-0.24357

-14.09731993

-0.740458948

-9.9

-0.717487481

-9.6

610

11.8

-0.26429

-15.32468259

-0.845968112

-10.0

-0.599526114

-7.1

620

9.6

-0.27698

-16.07987593

-0.934752847

-9.0

-0.457523656

-4.4

630

6.6

-0.28125

-16.33482278

-1

-6.6

-0.293080324

-1.9

640

2.9

-0.27698

-16.07987593

-1.034862659

-3.0

-0.1102273

-0.3

650

-1.3

-0.26429

-15.32468259

-1.033417129

1.4

0.084514172

-0.1

660

-5.9

-0.24357

-14.09731993

-0.99159186

5.9

0.282512519

-1.7

670

-10.5

-0.21545

-12.44192912

-0.907863676

9.6

0.473774029

-5.0

680

-14.8

-0.18078

-10.4154298

-0.78359633

11.6

0.647891897

-9.6

690

-18.5

-0.14063

-8.084013907

-0.623007153

11.5

0.795007191

-14.7

700

-21.3

-0.09619

-5.519997687

-0.43283328

9.2

0.906639342

-19.3

710

-23.1

-0.04884

-2.799356383

-0.221802223

5.1

0.976316896

-22.5

720

-23.7

-1.4E-16

-7.89703E-15

-4.90059E-16

0.0

-23.7

Ta s v c th dng nh sau :

T
Z
T

T
Z = f( )

T = f( )

180

360

540

720

2.2.8 V ng T = f( ) ca ng c 4 xilanh:
ng c nhiu xilanh c m men tch lu v vy phi xc nh
m men ny. Chu k ca m men tng bng ng gc cng tc
ca cc khuu :
Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

24

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

i = 7200 - (i-1).ct
i vi ng c 3D6 - 4 k, 6 xy lanh ct=1200 th t lm
vic l
1-5-3-6-2-4 ta tin hnh lp bng xc nh gc
i ng vi cc khuu theo th t lm vic.
Bng th t lm vic
Gc
Xi lanh
1
2
3
4
5
6

60

120

180

240

300

360

420

480

540

600

660

720

Np
Nn

Nn
Chy+gin n
Thi
Chy+gin n
Thi
Np
Thi
Np
Nn
Chy+gin n
Nn
Chy+gin n
Thi
Np
Thi
Np
Nn
Chy+gin n
Nn
Chy+gin n
Thi
Np

T cc gi tr ta lp c bng nh sau :
Bng 2.2 : Bng tnh T = f( )
1

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

T6

0.0

240

-9.9

480

17.3

120

8.4

600

-9.9

360

0.0

5.9

10

-5.3

250

-10.4

490

14.5

130

7.6

610

-10.0

370

48.6

44.9

20

-10.1

260

-9.9

500

11.4

140

6.4

620

-9.0

380

92.1

80.8

30

-12.8

270

-8.6

510

8.1

150

4.8

630

-6.6

390

65.7

50.6

40

-13.2

280

-7.2

520

5.1

160

3.2

640

-3.0

400

54.2

39.2

50

-11.4

290

-5.3

530

2.4

170

1.6

650

1.4

410

40.4

29.1

60

-7.9

300

-4.5

540

0.0

180

0.0

660

5.9

420

31.8

25.3

70

-3.4

310

-5.9

550

-2.0

190

-1.6

670

9.6

430

28.1

24.7

80

1.0

320

-10.3

560

-3.9

200

-3.3

680

11.6

440

25.3

20.4

90

4.6

330

-17.8

570

-5.6

210

-5.0

690

11.5

450

23.1

10.9

100

7.1

340

-22.4

580

-7.4

220

-6.7

700

9.2

460

21.6

1.5

110

8.3

350

-19.1

590

-8.9

230

-8.6

710

5.1

470

19.7

-3.3

120

8.4

360

0.0

600

-9.9

240

-9.9

720

0.0

480

17.3

5.9

V ng Ti = f() gc trn ca th T v Z. Ch v trong mt

chu k
Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

25

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

FTi (mm 2 ) 1642

Ttb =

27,5mm
60mm
60
2.2.9 th ph ti tc dng trn cht khuu:
V theo cc bc sau :
Lp bng xc nh to tng ng i trn to T - Z (Bng 2.3)
V h trc to TOZ , ri xc nh cc to i (Ti,Zi), y
chnh l th ptt biu din trn to T-Z.
Ptt = T + Z
Xc nh tm th im O, im O c to Z=Pko, T=0
vi Pko = m2R 2 =228,98 .160.10-3 .(

3,142.1400 2
) .10-6 = 0,4429(MPa)
30

0, 4429

GTBDPko = 0,0224184 = 19,8 (mm).

Ly OO =20 (mm)
Ni O vi bt k im no ta u c : Q = P k0 + Ptt

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

26

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

Qo

20

100 0

+T

O'

Ptt

Pko
Q
0

400
0

360

+Z

Bng 2.4 : S liu tnh ton v ng biu din Q = f( )

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90

Q=f(
)
43.4
43.6
42.1
38.2
33.4
28.1
23.4
20.3
19.9
21.6

Q=f()

Q=f()

200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290

32.7
32.7
32.3
32.1
30.9
29.1
26.5
23.9
21.7
20.0

370
375
380
385
390
395
400
410
420
430

200.0
203.7
196.0
118.6
91.8
75.5
59.7
40.4
33.6
33.1

530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

Q=f()
37.6
35.6
34.9
34.1
33.6
32.5
30.9
28.7
25.8
22.7
27

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190

24.3
27.0
29.1
30.7
31.6
32.2
32.5
32.6
32.6
32.6

300
310
320
330
340
345
350
355
360
365

19.0
17.7
15.2
18.0
35.1
43.7
66.9
100.9
135.6
180.9

440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

33.8
35.2
37.3
39.1
40.4
41.2
41.4
40.6
39.9
39.1

630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720

20.3
19.9
22.2
26.5
31.6
36.3
40.2
42.6
43.4
0.0

Gi tr c bit: vi = 345o th ng vi im biu din Q min =

13 (mm)
Sau khi v xong th Q = f(), ta xc nh Qtb bng cch tnh
din tch bao bi
Q = f() v trc honh, ri chia cho chiu di trc honh.Hoc
tnh tng Qi ri chia cho i=72

Qtb =

FQ
360

14030
39(mm)
360

H s va p
=

QMAX 203

5, 2 > 4
Qtb
39

2.2.11 th mi mn cht khuu:

Da vo 3 gi thit:
- Lng mn t l thun vi lc tc dng
- Lc gy mn khng phi ti mt im m ln cn im
trong phm vi1200

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

28

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

- Lc xy dng th mi mn khng xc nh vi iu kin

thc t
Xy dng th theo trnh t cc bc sau y:
-V vng trn bt k tng trng cho vng trn cht tm l K, cc
lc ct trc dng Z ti O v chia vng trn ra lm 24 phn
bng nhau, mi phn 150 v nh s cc im chia t 023
-Xc nh tng cc lc tc dng nn trn cc im 0,1,2 ..23,
tng ng Q0, Q1, Q2, . Q23,
-V vng trn tng trng cho b mt cht trn giy k ly v trn
vng trn chia lm 24 im bng nhau v nh s im
chia t 023, t cc im chia ly theo phng hng tm cc
on c ln bng c dng b mt ca cht sau khi mn
V tr t mn nht chnh l v tr khoan l khoan du: v tr
s 6 (Bng 2.5)

1
0,04 MPa / mm
25

g 10

20

fe
Q0

dO
bc
a

+T

'

Pk

1413121110
15
9
16
8
a
17
Oc 7
6
18
5
19
4
20
3
21
22 23 0 1 2

Ptt

Q
400

360

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

+Z

29

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

158

39

33

34

33

30

578

35

40

549

33

35

40

50

610

34

33

35

40

689

158

39

34

33

35

40

656

158

39

34

33

35

40

631

158

39

34

33

35

15

33.4 29.6 23.1 22.0 24.4 27.6 26.2 25.2

739

158

39

34

35

35

834

39

34

33

40

40

50

50

50

50

67

67

67

67

93

93

93

50

17

17

67

146

146

146

154

154

154

154

187

93

187

187

200

200

129

n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6
Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

Bng 2.5 : Bng xc nh vng nh hng ca Q

T
T

5
146
17
15

Q1
Q2
Q3
15

17

146

154

15

17

146

154

15

17

146

154

15

17

146

154

15

17

146

15

17

15

Thng s

ng knh ngoi cht

khuu
ng knh trong cht
khy
ng knh ngoi c
khuu
ng knh trong c
khuu
Khi lng ring vt liu
lm trc khuu

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

TRC KHUU
K
Gi tr
hiu

n
v

Chng III:Tnh nghim bn Piston

Ghi ch

dch

31

34
39
158
611

Q21
Q22
Q23
Q

593

158

39

34

15

575

158

39

16

15

555

158

19

16

15

421

24

19

16

15

298

31

24

19

16

15

i 24.4 23.7 23.0 22.2 16.8 11.9

33

Q20

Q19

Q18

Q17

Q16

Q15

Q14

Q13

Q12

Q11

Q10

Q9

Q8

Q7

Q6

Q5

258

79

44

31

24

19

16

15

372

129

79

44

31

24

19

16

15

557

200

129

79

44

31

24

19

16

15

729

187

200

129

79

44

31

24

19

16

806

93

187

200

129

79

44

31

24

19

854

67

93

187

200

129

79

44

31

24

880

50

67

93

187

200

129

79

44

31

889

40

50

67

93

187

200

129

79

44

880

35

40

50

67

93

187

200

129

79

7.8 10.3 14.9 22.3 29.2 32.2 34.2 35.2 35.6 35.2

196

44

31

24

19

16

15

Q4 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7 14.7

154

Q0

n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6
Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

6
7

Chiu di cht khuu

Chiu di c trc
khuu
8 Cc kch thc ca m
khuu
9 Khi lng ly tm ca m
khuu
Khong cch t trng
tm phn khi lng ly
tm n tm quay
Khong cch a
10 Khi lng i trng
Khong cch t trng
tm i trng n
tm quay
Khong cch c v c

3.1.1 Tnh nghim bn nh piston:

Ta c 17 0, 2 D 0, 2.150 30 vy y l piston nh mng.
Ta chn cng thc Orolin tnh nghim bn piston
1. Cng thc Orlin cho nh mng.
Cng thc Orlin gi thit
nh piston l mt a trn b
ngm cng trong gi ta hnh tr.
ng sut hng knh:

3 r2
x . . 2 . pz max
4
Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

(MN/m2)
32

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

ng sut hng tip tuyn:

3 r2
y . . 2 . p z max
4

(MN/m2)

Trong :
- H s ngm, = 1
- H s pot xng (i vi Nhm hp kim = 0,26
r Khong cch t tm nh piston n mp ngm c
nh ca nh,
Ta thy vng ngm, ng sut un c tr s ln nht do ta
ch cn tnh ng sut ngm c nh:
3 (150 / 2) 2
x .1.
.5,6 81,7 (MN/m2)
2
4
17

y 0,26 x 21,24 (MN/m2)

x2 y2 84,4

(MN/m2)

Vi [u] = 60

(MN/m2)

Vy phi ch to nh c gn tng bn.

3.1.2. Tnh nghim bn u piston.
Ta c tit din nguy him nht l tit din I-I, ct qua rnh
xcmng du cui cng trn u piston. Tit din ny chu ko
bi lc qun tnh m ln nht do khi lng mI-I ca phn u
piston sinh ra. Ngoi ra cn chu nn do lc kh th p zmax gy
ra.
1. ng sut ko:

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

33

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

p j max mI I . jmax 0,25.9223,63 6

.10 1,4(MN / m2 )
FI I FI I 0,001648

(MPa)

Trong :
FI-I tit din rnh xec mng du:
FI-I=
mI-I - khi lng phn u piston chn = 0,5m pt =1,185kg
jmax gia tc cc i, c th tnh vi trng thi vt tc
nmax = 1,2 1,3 n0 ,
2
180.10 3 .1400.1, 2
2

jmax= R (1+) =

1 0, 28125 =
30
2

3569,8(m/s2)

ng sut ko cho php: [k] = 10(MN/m2)

p j max mI I . jmax 1,1.4025.1.32
1,185.3569,8
k

1,9(MN / m2 ) =

FI I FI I 3920

tha

mn
2. ng sut nn:
n

pz max

FI I

.D 2
3,14.110 2
)
6,15.(
)
2
2

46, 79
0, 00392
0.00392

6,15.(

(MN/m 2 )

ng sut ko cho php :

+ i vi piston gang: [n] = 40

(MN/m2)

Vy khng tha mn iu kin bn. Phi ch to gn tng bn

ti tit din FI I .

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

34

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

3.1.3 Tnh nghim bn thn pittng

1. p sut tip xc trn thn.
k th

N max
lth .D

Trong :
D - ng knh xylanh = 150

(mm)

lth- Chiu di thn piston =73

(mm)

Nmax- Lc ngang ln nht, c th lp th N = f()

xc nh Nmax hoc ly theo s liu kinh nghim:
Nmax= (0,005 0,006)p20
p20- Hp lc ca lc kh th v lc qun tnh 20 0 sau
CT ca qu trnh chy v gin n: p20= p20o.p
p20 =213.0,0224184=4,75
Vy Nmax= 0,005.p20 =

0.023

p sut tip xc cho php: [kth] = (0,5 1,2)

kth

N max
0,023

2,1
lth .D 73.150.106

(Mn)
(MN/m2)
(MN/m2)

Vy khng tha mn iu kin bn, phi tng chiu di

phn thn piston.
2. p sut tip xc trn b mt cht.
kb

pz max
2.d ch .lb

(MN/m2)

Trong :
pzmax lc kh th ln nht pzmax=

.(150.103 )2
5,6.
0,0989( MN )
4

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

35

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

kb

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

dch - ng knh ngoi ca cht piston =42

(m)

lb Chiu di tip xc ca b cht =30

(m)

pz max
0.0989

39,25
2.dch .lb 2.42.30.106

(MN/m2)

p sut tip xc cho php: [kb] = (20 30)

(MN/m2)

Vy khng tha mn bn, phi tng din tch tip xc b

cht hoc tng ng knh cht piston.
3.2. Tnh nghim bn cht piston
S tnh lc ca cht piston gii thiu hnh bn
1. ng sut un:
Moment un cht:
p z l ld
( )
2 2 4

Mu

(MN.m)

Momen chng un ca cht rng:

Wu

d ch4 d 04
.
0,1d ch3 (1 4 )
32 d ch

Trong :
ld chiu dy u nh thanh truyn =52
dch - ng knh cht piston = 42
d0 - ng knh l rng ca cht =15

d 0 - h s rng ca cht=0,357
d ch

chiu di ca cht piston lcp = 114 v l1 =30

l khong cch gia 2 tm b cht =54
ng sut un cht piston tnh theo s c
Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

36
S tnh nghim bn cht
piston

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

(hnh trn) c th tnh theo cong thc:

M u p z (lch 0,5ld )

Wu 1,2d cp3 (1 4 )
=

0,0989.(114 0,5.52).103
158,3 (MN/m2)
3 3
4
1,2.(42.10 ) .(1 0,357 )

ng sut cho php:

[u] = (150 250)

(MN/m2)

Vy cht bn un.
2. ng sut ct:

pz
2.Fch

Trong Fch

(MN/m2)

.d ch2 3,14.422.106

1.38.103 mm 2
4
4

0,0989
35,8
2.1,38.103

Vi ng sut ct cho php: [] = (50 70)

(MN/m2)

Vy cht bn ct.
3. p sut tip xc vi u nh thanh truyn:
kd

pz
0,0989

45,3
ld .d ch 52.42.106

(MN/m2)
Vi p sut cho php: [kd] = (20 35) (MN/m2)
Vy cht khng bn tip xc, cn tng ng knh cht hoc
b rng u nh thanh truyn.
4. bin dng

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

37

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

Khi chu lc do cht rng, thng b bin dng thnh van.

Nu bin dng qu ln s gy b kt. bin dng ca cc loi
cht c h s rng: = 0,4 0,8 c th xc nh theo cng
thc:
d max

0,09. p z 1 3
(
) .k
E.lcp 1

Trong :
k h s hiu nh
k = [1,5 15( - 0,4)3]=1,5( coi =0,4)
E modun n hi ca thp; E = 2.105 MN/m2
d max

0,09.0,0989 1 0,4 3
(
) .1,5 8,5.107 ( m)
5
2.10
1 0,4

bin dng tng i:

ch

d max
8,5.107
5
=
0,002.

2.10

3
d ch
42.10

Vy cht bn bin dng.

5. ng sut bin dng
Khi cht b bin dng thnh
van, ng sut bin dng trn cc
im 1, 2, 3, 4 ca tit din
ngang cht (hnh bn) c th
tnh theo cng thc:
Ta thy im 1 v 4 chu
ng sut ko ln, im 2 v 3
chu ng sut nn.

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

ng sut bin dng ca cht

piston

38

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

Theo kt qu tnh ton, mt

trong cht thng c ng sut ln
hn. Chnh v vy, cht piston
thng rn nt mt trong.
ng sut ko ti im 1 mt ngoi ( = 00) tnh theo
cng thc sau:

( 0)

pz
l cp .d ch

a ( 0 )

0,19

(2 )(1 )
1

.k
2
1
(1 )

0,0989
(2 0.36)(1 0,36)
1
(0,19.

)1,5 38,2( MN / m 2 )
6
2
114.42.10
(1 0,36)
(1 0,36)

ng sut nn ti im 3 mt ngoi ( = 900) tnh theo

cng thc sau:
a ( 900 )

( 90)

pz
lcp .d ch

0,174

( 2 )(1 ) 0,636

.k
1
(1 ) 2

0,0989
(2 0.36)(1 0,36)
0,636
(0,174.

)1,5 40,1( MN / m 2 )
6
2
114.42.10
(1 0,36)
(1 0,36)

ng sut nn ti im 2 mt trong ( = 00) tnh theo

cng thc sau:
pz
lcp .d ch

a ( 0 )

( 0)

0,19

(1 2 )(1 )
1

.k
2
1
(1 )

0,0989
(2 0.36)(1 0,36)
1
(0,19.

)1,5 76,8( MN / m 2 )
6
2
114.42.10
(1 0,36) .0,36
(1 0,36)

ng sut ko ti im 4 mt trong ( = 900) tnh theo

cng thc sau:
a ( 900 )

( 90)

pz
lcp .d ch

0,174

(1 2 )(1 ) 0,636

.k
1
(1 ) 2

0,0989
(2 0.36)(1 0,36)
0,636
(0,174.

)1,5 42,2( MN / m 2 )
6
2
114.42.10
(1 0,36) .0,36
(1 0,36)

ng sut bin dng cho php:

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

39

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

[] = (60 170)

(MN/m2)

Vy cht bn bin dng.

3.3. Tnh kim nghim bn xec mng khng ng p:
Th nghim bn xc mng thng tnh theo cng thc kinh
nghim ca Ghinxbua.
Trong phm vi ca xc mng c:
Vi:

D - ng knh xylanh D=150mm.

t - chiu dy xc mng t=5,4mm.
A - khe h ming trng thi t do A=16mm

Ta c
D/t = 27,7 (20 30) v A/t =2,96 (2,5 4).
C th tnh cc loi ng sut theo cng thc sau:
1. ng sut un ca xc mng trng thi lm vic
t
h

ulv

2.Cm. A.E
MN/m2
D

. 3 .D.
1
t

Trong :
+ Cm l h s phn b p sut khng ng p: 1,74
1,87 chn Cm=1,8
+ H s iu chnh : = 0,196
+ E m un n hi ca gang hp kim : E =1,2.105
MN/m2
Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

40

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

ulv

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

2.1,8.16.1,2.105

195,4( MN / m 2 )
150
.(3 0,196).150.(
1)
5,4

Vi ulv 300 400 MN/m2 . Vy xec mng bn lm

vic.
2. ng sut un ca xc mng khi lp vo piston

u2

A
4.E. 1
t 3

=
D D

m.
1,4
t t

Trong :
m - h s lp ghp
+ m = 1 nu lp bng tay
+ m = 1,57 nu lp bng m
+ m = 2 nu lp bng km chuyn dng

u2

16
4.1,2.105 1
5,4. .(3 0,196)

434,6( MN / m 2 )
150 150

1.
.
1,4
5,4 5,4

2
Vi u 2 400 450MN / m . Vy xc mng bn

lp ghp.
3. ng sut khi gia cng phi xc mng
u3 = (1,25 1,3) u1 =(1,25 1,3)195,4=244,25 254
(MN/m2)
bn gia cng.
4. p sut bnh qun ca xc mng khng ng p tc dng ln
mt xy lanh

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

41

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6
A
0,425. .E
t
Ptb
D
3 D 1
t
t

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

MPa

16
5,4
Ptp
2,95MPa
150
150
3
.(3 0,196).(
1)
5,4
5,4
0,425.1,2.105.

5. Quy lut phn b p sut khng ng p c th v gn ng

theo cng thc sau
P = .ptb

(MPa)

H s thay i theo gc tnh t ngm ca thanh cong

(im i din vi ming xc mng) k trong bng sau :

00

300

600

900

1200

1500

1800

1,051

1,047

1,137

0,896

0,456

0,670

2,816

Ta thy p sut vng ming xc mng c gi tr ln nht.

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

42

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

3 Ptb
2 Ptb
1800

1Ptb

150 0
120 0
90

60

30

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

43

 n mn hc ng c t trong 3D6

Tnh ton kim nghim ng c

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] PGS.TS. Nguyn c Ph
Gio trnh Hng dn lm n mn hc ng c t trong
B mn ng c t trong Khoa C Kh - HBKHN- 1998.
[2] H Tn Chun - Nguyn c Ph - Trn Vn T - Nguyn Tt Tin
Kt cu v tnh ton ng c t trong
NXB i hc v trung hc chuyn nghip 1979, T1,T2,T3
[3] GS.TS. Nguyn Tt Tin
Nguyn l ng c t trong
NXB Gio Dc 2003
[4] PGS.PTS. Trn Vn T
Bi ging ng lc hc v Dao ng ca ng c t trong
NXB HBKHN- 1997
[5] PGS.TS. Ninh c Tn. Dung sai lp ghp. Nh xut bn khoa hc k thut,
2002

Nguyn Vn Sn- Lp ng c-K52

44