GREGG SHORTHAND A LIGHT-LINE PHONOGRAPHY for the MILLION By JOHN ROBERT GREGG, S8.C.D. Anniversary Edition THE GREGG PUBLISHING COMPANY NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON.-SAN FRANCISCO. TORONTO LONDON SYDNEYCopyright, 1893, By John R. Gregg Copyright, 1got, By Joha R. Gregg Copyright, 1916, 1929. By The Gregg Publishing Company Copyrighted in the United States of America Great Britain and Ireland, France Germany, Tealy and Spain J+7x-Dioo PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICAPREFACE Anyone who examines the Shorthand textbooks of the last three cen- turies will be impressed with che fact that they have reflected the uses to which shorthand was put at the time the books were written ‘The pedagogy of shorthand has changed as radically as the content of the cextbooks. Up to the time Gregg Shorthand was introduced, the con- ventional pedagogy was to teach the theory of a system as a whole before attempting to apply the theory in the accual writing of connected matter While the system would undoubredly have made its way into public favor by its own inherent strengeh, we believe that its success and progress through- out the world have been hastened enormously by the teachability of its textbooks In keeping with the progress in business and in education, the Gregg Manual was revised in 1893, 1901, and 1916, this latter edition being the ‘one used at present. Each revision marked a step forward in simplifying and popularizing the study of shorthand. Each revision has placed increas- ing emphasis upon the desirability of teaching shorthand as a skill subject from the beginning and throughout the entire course. This method enables che teacher to direct the maximum of effort coward the training of che student in actual facility in writing and che minimum of effort to expositions of rales and principles. When it became known that a revision of the Manual was in preparation, hundreds of protests were received from teachers. Many of them declared emphatically that the 1916 edition was entirely adequate. A great many said that they “‘love it’ (this expression occurs again and again in cheir letters) and that they “know it by heart The sentiments expressed are iiiiv PREFACE thoroughly appreciated, and all these good friends are assured that it will still be possible to obtain the 1916 edition as long as there is any demand for it In this new edition no changes have been made in the basic principles of the system. Long experience in the classroom, in the office, in general and court reporting, and the results of speed contests of the National Short- hand Reporters’ Association have proved conclusively that changes in the basic principles of Gregg Shorthand are neither necessary nor desirable Much has been learned in the last few years concerning the basic con- tent of the vocabulary in common use. The scientific data now available have made it possible to arrange the principles and practice content of the Manual so that the efforts of teacher and student may be more economically and profitably directed, and the development of a writing vocabulary ren- dered more rapid. One of the first steps in planning the Anniversary Edition, therefore, was an exhaustive analysis of the words contained in the Horn* and the Harvardt studies of the comparative frequency of words. As one example of what this analysis showed, it was found thar the learning of the twenty most common words in our language was spread through seven lessons in the 1916 Manual. In the Anniversary Edition these twenty words are pre~ sented in the first chapter. Moreover, the matter presented in this chapter gives che student a writing power that will enable him to write 42. per cent of the running words in non-technical English, as well as many hundreds of other words. In this edition three devices have been used to hasten the building of a useful vocabulary and to assist the teacher in using the correct method of developing a skill subject: * "Basic Writing Vocabulary," Ernest Hora, Ph.D., University of Iowa Monograph in Education. } "Harvard Studies in Education,” Volume IV.PREFACE v 1. The short words of high frequency are introduced in the first chapter in the order of their frequency, even though chis means that in a few in- stances they are given in advance of the principles that govern their writing. 2. Some of the principles have been developed earlier than they were in the old text. Examples of this are: the letter s has been introduced in the second chapter and included with the other downward characters; some of the rules for expressing r have been introduced in the third chapter; the frequently recurring prefixes and suffixes have been introduced in the order of frequency 3. Analogy, one of the most helpful of teaching devices, has been em- ployed to a greater extent than ic was in the 1916 Manual. Examples: the useful ted-ded, men-mem blends are presented in Chapter I, after the student has learned 1, d, n, m, the letters of which the blends are composed; the ses blend is taught along with the s in Chapter II. Other salient features of the Anniversary Edition may be described as follows: 1. In order that the student may be impressed at the outset with the importance of phrase writing and have a longer period in which to acquire the habit of joining words, many of the phrasing principles have been moved forward to Chapters I and Il 2. The rules have been simplified and stated more clearly, and minor changes have been made in a few outlines for the purpose of facilitating rapid and accurate transcription. 3. The principles are presented in twelve chapters, instead of the twenty Jessons in the 1916 Manual. Each of these chapters has been subdivided into three short teaching units, with a page of graded dictation material written in shorthand at the end of each unit. This short-unit plan encourages im- mediate practical application of the theory and simplifies the assignment of work by the teacher 4. The wordsigns (now known as Brief Forms) are distributed equally among the first six chapters, and are introduced in the order of their frequency.vi PREFACE (400 ce eee eee 5. The quantity of reading and dictation material has been more than doubled. The scientific distribution of the principles and the introduction ‘of the common words carly have so greatly increased writing power that business letters can be introduced as early as the second chapter 6. The pedagogical value of che Manual is greatly enhanced by the use of larger type and a bolder style of shorthand than was employed in the 1916 edition It was the intention of the author to have the Anniversary Edition of the system published last year—the fortieth anniversary of the publication of che system—but, unfortunately, many things contributed to delay its appearance. In sending forth this book he desires to express his warm appreciation of the many suggestions received from writers, from reporters, and from teachers who are using the system in all parts of the world. In particular, he wishes to record his deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Rupert P. SoRelle and to the executive, managerial, and editorial staffs of The Gregg Publishing Company for the many valuable services they have rendered in the prepara- tion of this edition. JOHN ROBERT. GREGG.ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND History. Gregg Shorthand was first published in 1888, in two little paper-covered pamphlets, under the title, “Light-Line Phonography.” Five years later, a revised and greatly improved edition was published under the title, “Gregg Shorthand,"”. Ie was not until 1897, however, that the author was able co publish the system in Book form. To the student or writer of shorthand, there are few more interesting or inspiring stories of success chan the story of the carcer of Gregg Short- hand in the thirty-two years that have elapsed since its publication in book form; but a textbook is not a place for such a story. Today, Gregg Shore hand is the standard system of America. It has been adopted exclusively in the public schools of 6,519 cities and towns—more than nincty-seven per cent of the public schools that teach shorthand. It has superseded the older systems, in the large majority of chese cases, by formal action of the Boards of Education after careful investigation of the merit of the system, Its leadership in all other kinds of educational institutions is equally pro- nounced. This constitutes the highest educational indorsement a short- hand system has ever received. Wins World Championship Six Times. The history of Gregg Short- hand is a record of public triumphs, In the 1921 World's Championship Contest of the National Shorthand Reporters’ Association, Mr. Albert Schneider* won first place, defeated three former champions, and established two world’s records. He transcribed the 215-words-a-minute literary dic- tation with a nec speed of 211.2 words a minute; accuracy, 98.32%. On the 100-words-a-minute dictation his accuracy percentage was 98.80; on the ago-words-a-minute dictation, 98.17; on the 280-words-a-minute dictation, 96.84. In transcribing five five-minute highest speed dictations—175, 100, 215, 2go, and 180 words a minute—in the time allotted for the three championship *Mr, Schneider is now a member of che official shorthand reporting staf of the Congress of the United States, winning the position in an examination in which thirty-five well-known reporters competed.ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND ES dictations, Mr. Schneidet gave one of the most remarkable demonstrations of transcribing ability in the history of the shorthand contests. Writers of Gregg Shorthand won first, second, and third places in the World’s Ghampionship Contest of the National Shorthand Reporters’ Asso- ciation in 1923. Mr. Charles L. Swem,* winner, established a world’s record on the 200-words-a-minute dictation, making but two errors; accuracy, 99-79%. On the 24o-words-a-minute dictation, his accuracy was 98.497%; on the 280 dictation, 99-36%. Second place was won by Mr. Albert Schneider, a Gregg writer, the 1921 champion, His average accuracy was 98.80%. Third place was won by another Gregg writer, Mr. Martin J. Dupraw, with an accuracy of 98.76%. First place a accuracy in every dictation was won by a riter of Gregg Shorthand. In che 1924 World's Championship, Mr. Swem was again the victor Mr. Swem’s accuracy on the three dictations was 99.23%. In the three consecutive years, 1925, 1926, and 1927, the World’s Short- hand Championship was won by Mr, Martin J. Dupraw, the greatest short- hand writer the world has yet produced. By winning the championship in 1927, Mr. Dupraw won permanent possession of the World's Shorthand Championship Trophy, first offered in rg09 by the National Shorthand Re- potters’ Association. Highest Shorthand Speed Records. The following are the world’s highest shorthand speed records—all held by writers of Gregg Shorthand and made in the Championship Contests of the National Shorthand Reporters’ Association 282 Words a minute (testimony) Charles Lee Swem accuracy 99.29% *Governor Woodrow Wilson selected Mr. Swem as his official reporter in his campaign for the Presidency. Mr. Swem was Personal Secretary and Official Reporter to President Wilson for eight years. Mr. Swem began the study of Gregg Shorthand ina night school in September, 1908, when work- ing as an office boy. He was twenty years of age when he received the ap- pointment at the White House. In the 1924 examination for the position Of Supreme Court stenographer in the state of New York, Mr. Swem won first place in a field of 150 candidates. Mr. Swem did not accept an appoinc- ment at the time, and took the examination in 1928, again winning first place. He is at present an official shorthand reporter in the Supreme Court of New York.ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND ix 260 Words a minute (jury charge) Martin J. Dupraw accuracy 99.69% 220 Words a minute (literary matter) Martin J. Dupraw... accuracy 99.81% (Held joinely with ewo others) 215 Words a minute (literary matter) Albert Schneider... accuracy 98.32% 200 Words a minute (literary matter) Charles Lee Swem sss .accuracy 99.0% (Tied with one other) Average accuracy vee veer sees -9929% Gregg Shorthand is the only system that has produced three different writers to win the World Championship in the contests of the National Shorthand Reporters’ Association. The contests were discontinued in 1927, and Mr. Dupraw was given permanent possession of the World’s Champion- ship Trophy. Wins New York State Shorthand Championship. In the contest of the New York State Shorthand Reporters’ Association, 1924, Mr. Martin J Dupraw won first place with an accuracy record of 99.5%; Mr. Nathan Behrin, Supreme Court reporter, New York City, second; and Mr. Harvey Forbes, Supreme Court reporter, Buffalo, New York, third. By winning the New York State Shorthand Championship again in 1925, and also in 1926, ‘Mr. Dupraw gained permanent possession of the Bottome Cup, the State championship trophy. Awarded Medal of Honor at Panama-Pacific Exposition. Ac the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, in 1915, Gregg Shorthand was awarded the Medal of Honor, the highest award ever granted a system of shorthand by any exposition, and the only award ever granted that was based on the results accomplished by students in a model school conducted under the observation of the International Jury of Awards. Gregg Short- hand also received the highest award, the Medal of Honor, at the Sesqui- Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia, in 1926. The thirtcenth International Shorthand Congress, held in Bruxelles, Belgium, in 1927, awarded a Grand Prix to The Gregg Publishing Company, and elected the author of Gregg Shorthand as Vice President of the Congress representing the United States.x ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND Sa Principles of the System. Needless to say, Gregg Shorchand is a radical departure from the old lincs of shorthand construction, for it is only by a radical departure that such marked superiority in results can be accomplished The following is a synopsis of the leading features of the system: 1. No compulsory thickening—may be written cither light or ) heavy. | “2. Written on the slope of longhand, thus securing a uniform ; manual movement | As in 3. Position-writing abolished—may be written on unruled paper, | ordinary and in one straight line writing 4. Vowels and consonants are joined, and follow cach other in their natural order 5. Angles are rare—curves predominate This brief synopsis will suffice to show that the aim of the author has been to adhere to those natural principles chat govern ordinary writing By a practical combination of these elements as a foundation, the system secures to the writer, with very lirrle practice, chat perfect command of the characters that is productive of the best results, and is obtained only by years of persistent, painstaking practice with the older systenis TO SUM UP Easy to Learn. Gregg Shorthand may be learned in from one-third to one-half the time required by the old systems. The records made by its writers prove this beyond all question. Easy to Read. Gregg Shorthand is the most legible shorchand in exist- ence. In the public shorthand speed contests, writers of the system have established the highest official world’s records for accuracy of transcripts on diffi cult matter. These records were made in competition with experienced reporters who used the older systems, and in contests conducted by reporters and teachers who wrote such systems. Manifestly, the insertion of the vowels, the absence of shading, the elimination of position-writing, and the elimination of the minute distinctions of form, all contribute to legibility. Easy to Write. The casy, natural appearance of the writing in Gregg Shorthand appeals to every impartial investigator. The absence of dis- tinctions between light and heavy characters, the continuous run of the writing along onc line, as in longhand, instead of constant changes of posi-ABOUT GREGG SHORTHAND xi Oe tion—now on the line, then above the line, and then, perhaps, through or below the line—will be noticed at first glance. Next, the investigator will prob- ably attribute much of the natural, pleasing appearance of the writing to that uniform slant of the writing with which both hand and eye are familiar. Only those who have had previous experience with shorthand, however, will be able to appreciate fully how much climination of numerous dots and dashes—minute marks that have to be placed with great precision alongside the strokes—contributes to fluent writing. Superior in Speed Possibilities. As has already been set forth in greater detail, writers of Gregg Shorthand have demonstrated in public speed con- tests, under the most trying conditions, chat the system has greater speed possibilities than any other system ‘Adapted to Other Languages. The simple and logical writing basis of Gregg Shorthand cnables a writer of it co use it in any language with which he is familiar. Special adaptations of the system have been published for Spanish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Gaclic, and Esperanto. Adaptations to other languages are in preparation. The Span- ish adaptation of the system is used in more than 300 schools in Spanish- speaking countries, and there is a quarterly magazine devoted to it.A TALK WITH THE BEGINNER Success in any study depends largely upon the interest taken in that particular subject by the student. This being the case, we earnestly hope that you will realize at the very outset that shorthand can be made an intensely fascinating study. Cultivate a love for it Think of it as the highest form of writing, which is itself the greatest invention of man. Be proud that you can record the language in graceful lines and curves. Aim constantly to acquire artistic skill in executing those lines and curves. You can, if you will, make the study of shorthand a perfect joy instead of a task. Skill in the use of shorthand is a possession that has been coveted by the wisest of men and women, for it is not only a practical instrument in com- mercial work, but a much-prized and valuable accomplishment and a means of mental culture. Be Thorough. Skill in anything is attained by repetition with interest; therefore do not shirk the careful, painstaking practice on the elementary forms given in the Manual. Write each outline many times, and aim always at the attainment of fluency and exact ness in execution. Your future success depends to a very large extent on the way you do your work now. In order that your progress may be sure and rapid, master each lesson before you proceed with the next. In your practice, write as rapidly as you can while keeping the hand under complete control; aim at accuracy rather than speed, but do not draw the characters. You must understand at the outset that shorthand must be written; but you must also impress upon your mind that whatever you write you must read, hence the necessity for good penmanship. As skill in executing the movements is obtained, the speed may be increased until the forms can be written accurately at a high rate of speed. Some attention should be given to acquiring a capacity for writing individual outlines rapidly without hesitation, and with a free movement of the hand. xiA TALK WITH THE BEGINNER xiii _ ‘Aim to acquire a smooth style of writing; execute each character with an easy, continuous motion of the pen, and pass directly to the next without unnecessary movements. A halting, jerky movement jis fatal to speed, and may be almost always traced to indecision, caused by unfamiliarity with the forms. At first carefully analyze the words. To do this it is, of course, necessary for you to think of them in detail; but after you have determined the correct outline, practice it and think of it as a whole, Facility in the practical use of shorthand depends largely upon the stock of outlines you have at your ready command. Note the use of that word “ready.” This means that you should master all the forms given in the Manual by writing them many times. This will not only impress the forms on your mind, so that you will not have any hesitation in recalling them, but will give you facility in writing them. In shorthand it is not sufficient to know how to write a word—you must not only know the form but be able to write it quickly. Hence the necessity for much repetition practice in writing the forms. Most of this repetition practice should be on the forms as they occur naturally in connected matter. The repetition of isolated forms for more than five times consecutively is not in accord with modern pedagogy. Scientifically graded connected matter has supplanted the isolated form. If, in addition to the words given in the Manual, you can add to your stock of outlines other words written under the same principles, you will have gained a great deal—will have laid a broader founda tion for advanced work which will lessen the time required to attain efficiency. Devote Much Time to Reading Well-Written Shorthand. By rcad- ing a great deal of well-written shorthand you will become not only a fluent reader, but you will enlarge your writing vocabulary. Un- consciously you will imitate in your own work the easy executionxiv A TALK WITH THE BEGINNER of the forms shown in the printed plates. All expert writers have devoted much time to reading shorthand. In addition to the work outlined in this Manual, we strongly recommend the use of the supplementary dictation material given in “Gregg Speed Studies,” and the exercises presented each month in the Learner's Department of The Grigg Writer. These exercises may be used with great advantage from the very first lesson. Each number of The Gregg Writer contains many helpful suggestions and a number of shorthand pages that afford valuable exercises in reading and writing for students at all stages of advancement.Gregg Shorthand received the highest award at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, and at the Sesqui-Centennial Intérnational Exposition. THE SESQUI-CENTENNIAL INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION PHILADELPHIA » PENNSYLVANIATHE ALPHABET OF GREGG SHORTHAND CONSONANTS Written forward: K G R LN M T OD TH es vores Written downward: P B F V CH J S SH Peete ee eee H NG NK . x VOWELS a4 Oo T . Go « wu ° a4 Q € 6 aw y 00 9 a € 6 00 ? ; ’ ? DIPHTHONGS Composed Composed of of kh €OO asin unit 7 a awtasinoil ow a-OOasinowl & i a€asinisl Oo BLENDED CONSONANTS The consonants are so atranged that two strokes joining with an obtuse or blunt angle may assume the form of a large curve, thus: ten,den “ ent,end -“ def-v, tive oO tem, dem oO emt, emd 7 jent-d, pent-d OoCHAPTER I UNIT 1 1. Shorthand is written by sound; thus aém is written am (long sound of 2), cat is written kat, knee is written ne. CONSONANTS 2. The consonants are arranged in pairs, according to their affinity of sound, and are distinguished by a differ- ence in length. The characters for the consonants in this les- son are derived from an elliptical figure, thus: Letters Signs Words Letters Signs Words K - can T it, at —— > _ go, good D ~~ would are, our, hour H . aan 4 there, their G R L W will, well Th} ~ the N — in, not o lI M —— am, more e he 3. All these consonants are written forward from left to right; th and t and d are struck upwards from the line of writing. The g given in this lesson is called gay, being the hatd sound as in game, ger, and not the soft sound heard in gem, magic. ‘The aspirate h is indicated by a dot placed over the vowel. Many frequently recurring words are represented by simple alphabetic char- I2 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. I acters. Some of these signs represent ewo and even three words; for example, the sign for r represents are, our, bour. A dot on the line of writing represents the articles @, an. A dot at the end of a word expresses ing. The pronoun Tis expressed by a large circle; he, by a small circle. The student should practice all these characters until he can write them without the slightest hesitation. The size of the characters given in this ‘manual will be a safe standard to adopr. 4, Phrasing. The joining of simple words is a great help to accuracy and speed in writing shorthand, and its acquirement should not be deferred until the habit of writing common words separately has been formed. I will Q_- he can 2~ it will ~—— in the _- 5. Punctuation, etc. In shorthand the following marks are used: period paragraph —interrogation dash _~—shyphen _ parenthesis eee error Cee eee Capitals and proper names are indicated by two short dashes beneath the word. 6. SENTENCE DRILL OY se NO a SECC ox Se BN NN, QS Yoo eo = a xx EY =Unit 1] GREGG SHORTHAND 3 VOWELS 7. In shorthand there are twelve distinct vowel sounds, which are atranged in four groups, and three closely related sounds are placed in cach group. In this lesson we have the first two groups, w! ich for con- venience are named the A group and the E group. Memory aid) Q = O @=. Nore: The first sound in the E group of vowels is the short #, heard in din, and should not be confused with long 7, heard in dine, which will be given later,4 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. I 8. Marking Vowels. The vowels are grouped accord- ing to similarity in sound. The large circle expresses three sounds of 4. The short sound is unmarked, the medium sound is marked with a dot, and the long sound with a short dash, as shown on page 3. This system of marking is used in all vowel groups uniformly. The dot and dash are occasionally needed to indicate the exact sounds in unfamiliar or isolated words, but otherwise they are seldom used. PICTURING WRITING MOTION 9. Frequently we shall have to refer to writing motion. The curved characters in this lesson are taken from horizontal ovals, one written with right motion, the other with /eft. — 10. Characters taken from the left-motion oval are called Jeft-motion, because the rotation is from left to right; characters taken from the right-motion oval are called right-motion for a like reason; thus: K-G are right-mution strokes R-Lare ‘y Tefe-motion strokes \ The terms “left motion” and “right motion” refer to the rotation in movement, and not to the dérection.-Unit 1) GREGG SHORTHAND 5 vic] re rroramemne — HOW CIRCLES ARE JOINED The following movement drills are intended to de- velop skill in the joining of circles. 11, Circles Joined to Single Strokes. At the begin- ning or end of a single curve, the circle is placed inside the curve: eke ear a array OO egg se a ill a airy Qe ache fF air Qa alley QU» key > ail Qe hack => gay 0 fay F hag = a 12. At the beginning or end of a single straight stroke, the circle is written with right motion: aim o tea a ham So ate ze day ve heat oe add a may -—2 head x a x me —> _ heed xm hid 7 eddy hate s6 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. I 13. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE DA epee KH oe CE KR PF eNO ee Oe — eo eee wm ae SF wr, onmaen-: are ee ae ee on tee NN SE eo eee er Gans — ee = aor eV e o 4 aed a CPO mas ee OP YF NTO — oO jenna a eH ee ee NO ea a a aUnit 2] GREGG SHORTHAND 7 ee SS UNIT 2 14. Circles Between Strokes. Where an angle, or a Soint, is formed at the junction of consonants, the circle goes outside the angle: kick en make a rain oe cake met —~s ‘im a 7 get —y maid at tale 2 ¢ gate or team = 7 rainy ie , F alm —~@— rear ae dream Le 15. Where straight strokes and curves join without an angle, or where two similat-motion curves join without an angle, the circle is placed inside the curve: wit or id = dig 7 id ticket Pag red serrata tack AO taken a read a take rattle mate deck idle, do 16: Some vowels areso obscure or neutral hat they are omitted when they lo not contribute to speed or legibility. For example, the ¢ in the words8 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. I taken and maker is absolutely uscless, and is omitted. Any vowel which does not contribute to the legibility of an outline may be omitted if its omission gives a more facile outline. 17. Between straight strokes in the same direction the circle is written with right motion: deed dad mean main Pe eee , s 18. Between opposite curves the circle is turned back on the first curve: wreck rag lake kill a Da oT 7 CONSONANT COMBINATIONS 19. Kr and Gl Combinations. K and , and g and /, are equal curves and are made a little flatter than usual when joined. thus: kr — gl ——— cream = —~s— eagle ~——~ glen ——_»— crane —~O- glee — ~~» glare —~_2- creed ae glean ——_>- acre on y crate ~o2 gleam —__?— maker —z>— 7Unit 2] GREGG SHORTHAND 9 Unit 4) 20. Grand KI Combinations. Where curves of un- equal length join without an angle, as in the following, note how a distinction in length is positively shown. The movement in writing gris similar to that in writ- ing y in longhand; &/ to that in writing A, thus: gray —.2 green —re- eager g ~~ grain 12 greet ~~" 9" cay -A_97 greed ae grim —re— clan A_2 21. Rk and Lk Combinations. Since r and k are of equal length, the curves are somewhat flatter, as with kr and gi. Lk is very infrequent. ark dark mark milk 22. The Signs for Th. The sign for ¢ is curved to express ¢h, thus: = or / tick thick hat hath rat wrath met myth or DP we —10 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. I BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS 23. A compan small number of frequently recurring words make up a large part of the English language. As an illustration, ten words—she, of, and, to, 4, in, that, it, is, I—form one-fourth of the entire written and spoken language. ‘The forms for these frequent words arc based on a very common method of abbreviation in longhand writing. For example, amr. is written for amount; Rev. for Reverend; gym. for gymnasium; ans. for answer; math. for mathematics, and so on. By taking advancage of this method of abbreviation, brief and easily remembered shorthand forms are obtained for the most common words in the language. of ¢ and, end / them Cc @) (nd) (thm) that @ to, too, two 7” is, his 2 (tha) (100) C © ‘was & be, by, but great (os) ® @ they” you, your a with o the) (00) ith) this than,then withour «~% (hs) Ghn) Citht) *In some phrases they is written the same as rhe, as in they will. Nore: Refer to alphabet facing page 1 for explanation of characters. 24, BUSINESS ABBREVIATIONS Mr, market Yours truly, Dear Sir:, desire ane: 7“ “4Unit 2] GREGG SHORTHAND us 25, READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE Se ee eee eee eee eeeeeeCECee mt Ee OO pe Op ng OO ee ee G00 re ee VO a ae ae ae ee an 469 4 2 4 Dee Lot oN CO On ee AGS a ea ee ee TA ea laa Ie adel aa er ee te Me oe Loe | elt SN ee 24]Iz GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. I UNIT 3 BLENDED CONSONANTS 26. By blending d and ¢ into one long stroke the syllables ted, ded, det are expressed: added at rated oo today pee hated eed needed ace treated Nore: The combination det usually occurs at the beginning of words, as in detect, detach, while ted oF ded usually occurs at the end of a word 27. By blending m and # into one long stroke the syllables men, mem are expressed. In addition to men, mem this blend represents similar sounds, such as min in minute, mun in money: men ane mimic ee many — memory eee month pee remain eo money _—_ emanate oO meant i mental Sa mend See mineral en minute —_s minimumUnit 3] GREGG SHORTHAND 13 28. FREQUENT-WORD DRILL eight at of man min — iad «= hdd make omak —z5 him him =— tin tin add ad oo 7 tan tan aid ad x cat kit tea té 4 kid kid day da ve get gét me mé — take tak may ma —o came kam net nét oe her hér need néd x here hér met mét —~ air ar met mét —_ ~ head = héd Ss Fae made . mad read réd Axe rey al Qary. mean mén ready rédi14 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. I led led 2 cream) krém ~ rate rat —% — clean klén ~_2 late lac WV milk milk—-e—— bid Mad CO ack MK eg oe tree cre attack «tak | 7 train tran *~& headache hédak re mill mil—e—"_ leg 29. BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS did, date pe when _ into x“ other ao any - come a all «could lke 8 were a what “ little ur where, Q — truth 7~— those « aware my —o «me C country ~~ Nore: W is omitted in the word were, and wh in where, when, what; otber is expressed by ish—sce alphabet; all, by aw placed on its side; time, by the jem blend; into, by blending in and te, For convenience, the long é in my is expressed by a large circle.GREGG SHORTHAND 15 GENERAL PHRASING PRINCIPLES 30. The following suggestions will be helpful to an understanding of the general principles of phrasing: 1. Short and common words only should be joined, as of the, in the, etc. 2, The words should make good sense if standing alone, as it will be. 3. Pronouns generally are joined to the words they precede, as I cam, ‘you are, you can, T would. 4. A qualifying word is usually joined to the word it qualifies, as good man. ; 5. The words #0, of, in, with, and gencrally are joined to the word follow- ing, 2s 10 the, of which, in that, with that, and will. 6. Words that do not make an easily written, distinctive joining should not be phrased. 31. Phrase Drill, The simple phrases given in the drill below are of very high frequency and will serve as models for other phrases: of the andthe —~ will be aa a tothe 7 thatthe © of you a it is a by the C it was aa Tam = <— youcan +> he was ¢€ r toyou ~~ at the + isthe16 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. I 32. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE Y A oe ae ae iS CHK eZ Peer erect terete mee ee “A ee ee a aoarcseeease acter Jo 6 Nee reece Cree hee reece esate ee eee EEE E et Eee eaeem aro fore Cede eee el ae “Before a downstroke, fo is expressed by f.GREGG SHORTHAND 17 33. WRITING PRACTICE 1. You will need a keen memory when you go to the market today. 2. When you take the grain to the mill you can get your money. 3. Many of our men will go to the train in the rain to greet the team. 4. Lam not any more eager to be in debt to you than you are. 5. Lam ready to go the limit in getting you the money you need. 6. He had a great desire to read, but he had little time and his reading was limited. 7. Lam not willing co go by train, but you can make me a minimum rate by air and rail. 8, The data you need will be ready by the middle of the month. g. The mill was then making a good metal tag at the rate of eighty a minute. : ro. In his dream he was being attacked in the dark by an enemy. Dear Sir: I am eager to eliminate without any more delay the error made in the minimum grain rate to Erie. I can meet you at Erie any day you desire. My time is limited and I cannot be there more than a day. It would be. well to get all the data in¢hand’by the time you are ready to go. J will mect you any day you can be there. Yours truly,CHAPTER II UNIT 4 THE DOWNWARD CHARACTERS 34. The characters for the consonants in this chapter are derived from another elliptical figure: Letters P B F V CH J SH § EEC ee reer eer eee be Words put by — for__—shave which shall is bur change ship his Left motion: P BS Right motion: F V § leg Dd), 35. All these characters are written downward. Gh is named chay, and shisnamed ish. The signs for sh and 5 are very small, Ass is one of the most frequent sounds in the language, two signs are provided for it to facilitate joining in various combinations. The following memory aids will be useful: ae eeUnit 4 GREGG SHORTHAND 19 CONSONANT COMBINATIONS 36. Many of the consonants follow each other con- secutively; for example, rand / frequently follow p, 5, as in play, brave. As skill in writing such combinations js essential to speed and accuracy, the following move- ment drills should be practiced until fluency is secured. 37. Prand Pl. In writing pr and p/, start to the left: pC pl C- pray C play Co pledge 7 prayer CQ plate C7 — wrapper C prim C2— plea ©» pepper é preach YG plead Co apple = C- 38. Brand Bl. In writing br and 4/, start down, thus: br C bl CC brain CO breach G blame Ca baid Co bridge gy bled Co braided (~~ brief CG blade (0~ brim Gat brave Gg blare Ce20 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. It 39. Fr and Fl. In writing the combinations fr and ff, the angle is rounded to give fluency. The motion is just the same as in writing a part of the longhand y: fray frail fret if half age each she fear feel felt free go co oe fr = fresh flee fleet Ce & ae ce fl= C_- flame C2 flap é flash <4 40. FREQUENT-WORD DRILL CARERS Sor frame flat play plan Paper reach back check live do Ca Co ca & x A TAL page able break cash range mab o NQ> happy black Cr trip ve happen éUnit 4] GREGG SHORTHAND 21 Unit 4] fair eae bear ie help ra affair ot bread OC” labor fil o¢— shape é pretty Co~ chief gr leave S even 41, BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS one, won 2 from, 2 never > form after 2 been, a should 7~ bound iy) a people é very overy ww, about before ever J) most ——» much 7 every / “The sign for the prefix over written above a following character is used to express the word over. 42. Asa prefix, afters expressed by af. In compounds, every is expressed byev. 43. The word been following have, has, had is phrased and is expressed byb: have been / has been C had been KO 44 BUSINESS ABBREVIATIONS Dear Madam: Very truly yours, Yours very truly, a 2 J22 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. IL eee eee eee eee eee 2 © > See Haeeaeeaeee eae see SSPE 9 2 as ea rr Ce, ez a aoa CTI. Eiders coeer ee ae oer aeeceeeet Te oan oo. ae gv Ne ee ee a HOw > OC keunit 5] GREGG SHORTHAND 3 Unit 5]__ GR’ UNIT 5 THE SIGNS FOR S$ 46. The signs for s, written downward, are taken from a small elliptical figure, thus: Memory aid: & 5 The right-motion s is called “right s” > The left-motion s is called “left s” © 47. In practical writing the sound of z is expressed by the sign for s, since no confusion arises from using the same character for both sounds in connected writing. We already are accustomed to\writing and reading s for z in English, as in rays, praise. Ie is seldom necessary to make a distinction between s and z, but when it is, a short dash is struck at a right angle co the sign for s to show that it has the sound of , thus race UY? raise Se Bs Doge sD 48. The base of the first consonant of a word rests on the line of writing, but when s precedes another consonant, the base of the consonant following the « is placed on the line. 49. Initial and Final S$. 1. Before and after p, 6, 1, and /, and after ¢, d, n, m, and 0, the left s is used: sips ¢ phrase Ce daze ZA sables slim €_2— knees _~ series &e tease 4 mass = >24 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. II 2. In all other cases the right s is used: saves wa seeds a sashes g seeks 25 snap 7 sketches 77, staff # smash 2 sages A circle placed outside the angle in any of these joinings does not change the motion. 50. FREQUENT-WORD DRILL spell CU salary spread om self sell a sale e__ piece & spare & trace pass & space 6 dress base 6 less WH? Class busy a & © slip i crazy press sleep & 4 see praise asleep Ca ‘say place Ce sls Gu as ered SagUnit 5] GREGG SHORTHAND 25 be 9 same —>— steel x hese a sense er steam eo easy a seems oz stage f sason ZS 7 stiff ft affairs Df, seat a ‘stay x? safe g said a stick we save By sad a set a case D niece -e sat a kiss 3 miss —r- settle 2 guess ——p>_— days A sill «— gas "oO dance a needs a sick 2r since + _ ladies ot sake a hence 2< chance a scheme +5—- minutes ——-»< ages vA seen im step t sketch F seem — steps e study pea26 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. II 51. S Between Strokes. When a circle vowel im- mediately precedes s between strokes, treat the s as be- longing to the preceding consonant; if the circle follows the s, the s should be treated as if it belonged to the following consonant, when s occurs between strokes and is not joined to a circle, write the s with the syllable to which it belongs: cast QV mask ——<@, least i é guest — 2 grasp care risk a taste eA accede 43 pressed oP tak 2 chest ¢ raised = ~~ desk Le vast vy ransack Zp. mist —e visit vA mason ——<@ 52. The Ses Sign. The ses sound as heard in faces is expressed by joining the two s signs as a blend: senses 4 ceases 7 basis cases @ thesis qa census oy masses ——~ __ traces Af analysis e+ Nore: In rapid writing, the first s in ses may become obscure, and yet the second s, being written contrary to the rule for writing a single s, clearly indicates the plural form. Compare the following: face faces ? ease leases ©unit 5] GREGG SHORTHAND 27 53. BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS ee. cause, work a under inculdel a ust +r thoroughly, % part CE m three some 2— think, a matter os thing such J system, t again ao says first yo public, against J & publish business a far, 7 always <_< favor “The sign for the prefix smder written above a following character is used for the word ander. 54, The suffix thing is expressed by a dot in the following words: anything —e, something 2, everything 55. Plurals of Brief Forms. The plurals of brief forms ending in s are formed by adding another s of the same motion, thus: cause causes business businesses - = In other brief forms the plurals are formed by adding s to the singular forms, thus: parts changes f ships / forms 2428 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. I 56. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE ra GAH? ee wy OF Gee ae SIE mn re rf AA Pm ae > eo Op ae a a ee ret MMI Eid sss KK,Unit 6] GREGG SHORTHAND 29 UNIT 6 57. The Letter X. When ~ occurs at the end of or within words, it is expressed by » slightly modified in slant, thus: mix —-e fix a tx £& mixes ——e fixes a? taxes A Nore: The plural is formed by adding s as shown in mixes, taxes. SIMPLE SUFFIXES 58, The suffix shun (sion, tion) is expressed by sh: mention _——7 fashion of vision nation faction a) session 7? mission ——, faction ”) evasion diction Zo? affection Zz section A> 59. The Past Tense. The past tense is expressed by tor d: 1. After most abbreviated words a disjoined ¢ placed close to the preceding character is used to express the Past tense, thus: changed timed liked willed ZL Ait —_Z ~~30 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. II 2. In all other cases join ¢ or d if a distinctive and facile joining is possible; otherwise, disjoin ¢ (as in glared, opened) to express the past tense, thus: passed & raced “@ shaped é praised @z~ mentioned __—z~ reached Lv visited risked er checked AV labored glared —_@~ tapered CG ao traced A€é fixed 4 feared pean 60. BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS also é letter, until 7 let nothing = — present, Cc got ~~ presence between big, fae gave oO beg another —~ give, —) next < given woman 2——— tll, 7 soon a till morning = still ” name -~o “The s is added.to tell by changing the circle into a loop, thus: tells aunit 6] GREGG SHORTHAND 31 BRIEF FORMS AS PREFIXES 61. A brief form is frequently used as a prefix or as part ‘of another word, as illustrated in the following: almost <—~ inform formal 2—_— income —-——_ begin oe anyone Te e increase. ~~ began overwork o— 2 instead ~~ - forgive 2—» undergo 2— oo forgot 2 handle | 2+ 62. FREQUENT PHRASES for the 2 you have ) would be va ago to be* there is < can be with the sof his 4 — may be I have for you Yf and that ~~? from the 2 if you 4 asthe g ofthis 2 of your < inour + — there are ~~ in this +2 of all aw “Before a downstroke, to is expressed by ¢.32 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. II 63. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE r Eee eee j6 462. 4 - DPR, rT 0 g eB Oe ES ee et eee bvoawc oer - Ce ey ee DOO ALOT A oo oe oe, 2 Ln eee cee cece fC Agr~l 87S. eee eeree eee a? e ae aN GH oe a eae CD ee 2 ee a ee Le Cc 2 a a 422Unit 6] GREGG SHORTHAND 33 ee 64, WRITING PRACTICE 1, I shall not leave here today for my trip to France, as I am too busy, but I shall finish everything soon. 2. It may be that such a change in the history classes will help to settle the matter for you. 3, He will cash the pay check if you will present it at his desk. 4, Since she is changing her plans to stay here some time before going to the city, I think it will be well to leave the matter as it is for the present. 5. Because the business in that part of the country is not good, he will remain there another month to go thoroughly into the planning of a sales campaign. 6. It is plain that if any action is to be taken it must take place before the session ends today. 7. He fixed the time at six and said that the men were asleep. 8. Ishall not fail to mention that the basis of his claim is very flimsy and that I feel that his figures should be thoroughly studied and checked before any decision is reached. Dear Sir: The sale of the goods you shipped me in January is not going at all well. For one thing, the season has been very late, causing business to be slack. Can you think of anything that will help our sales? It may be that business in other ie of the country is much the same as it is here and you have made some sales plins that will be of help to me. I should like to go over this matter with one of your men the first time one of them is in the city. Yours truly,CHAPTER III UNIT 7 THE 6-HOOK 65. The lower half of the elliptical figure ¢ is called the o-hook. It is used to express the following sounds: Key to Vowel ‘Sounds: John Paul Jones. Zee Nore: The sound aw is spelled in various ways, as in fall, bought, raught, raw. The same method of marking vowels is employed in this chapter as in the first. 66. FREQUENT-WORD DRILL know no ans lot 16t Cee 7 law law We toad rod a low lo wy load lod ee wrote rOt cx ought awt “aunit 7] GREGG SHORTHAND 35 quo | awit ¢% —hope hd p C hate not a show sho £ bought bawt C shop sh 5 p é brought brawt iY folks foks B blow blo aoe taught tawt x ball bawl oe caught kawt 7 box box CO coffee ko fe job job f hog hog a talk tawk ‘27 occur Ok'r ao dog ddg ~~ hotel hotel ge— noted noted See slow slo b_~ notes nots aaa abroad =abrawd Cv notice ndtis ~€ broken brdk’n CH raw raw << open opin € loss lds —¢ Off of 7 fellow f&13 2 ~ often Of'n Z36 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. III so so 2 phone fon 2 , , saw saw é notion n6shun + sought sawt 2~ motion m6shun —y sorry sori <= sober sob’ C sorrow s6rd 2 close kloz n—-¢ soul sol 2 — model modi a soft soft 2 solemn sdélém 2_2— snow snd 4, solid solid <7 67. O-Hook Modified. To avoid an unnecessary angle, the slant of the »-hook is modified slightly before n,m, 1, and /, thus: EERE peer — ce When a downstroke comes before the shook, this rule does not apply, since the o-hook joins to down- strokes without an angle, as in: pour shown 4 bone C pole ae 68, FREQUENT-WORD DRILL on on — home hom ¢— own on known non =Unit 7] GREGG SHORTHAND 37 Unit (2 or awr <= nor nawr eS roar «fOr ce omitted 6 mi ted tae roll rOl We drawn drawn Eee lower 16'r ——<— horse hawrs ce whole hol ¢_— alone alon Joan 16 n W—=— store stor 7 Q 41 coal kol —<—— story stori wn tone ton 4 college k51Ej Ee door d6ér - grown gron -——rT-— 69. BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS want" 7 glad —— aall “se girl went o” during, van situation 77 Dr. told “ believe, C course —c belief order o~ possible 0 general vA small 2—e purpose & several upon ec receive ¢ State x” “The w is omitted in want and went.38 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. IL jo. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE Xo @ ao ase Aa pee erred ce ao Pre lara a we pe “Yeo —~ Fwy H i *- Ooo ee we DD oe Oe Linge eee ob ee Eger eee aeReeeceee aE eae ait ieee rats is Jape er & mot FIO Potee A ar seestatas eehaaatane te Caste a> ee lewUnit 8] GREGG SHORTHAND 39 UNIT 8 METHOD OF EXPRESSING R 71. The circle is written with left motion to express y following the vowel: 1. Before and after straight strokes: att O mar ——© arch fp share 6 2. Between straight strokes in the same direction: tart 7 dared church murmur —_2—= 72. It is generally more facile to use ‘the circle for the obscure vowel sound heard in ur as in church, murmur, urge, burt. 73. FREQUENT-WORD DRILL heart =O” urge / better o hard = O~ tear 4 later © _O* a dare a sister we a hure heard near _e chapter g earn a mere —» motor ——<% arm ao manner ———— cashier @ army =. chair j minister ———<- ham Ga jar va teacher 740 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. 111 S FOLLOWING A LEFT-MOTION CIRCLE 74, The letter s is added to a final Jeft-motion circles on straight strokes by changing the circle to a loop: tears 7 shares f stairs 4 dares nears = manners ———= 7s. BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS either a deal, 7 yesterday dear above real, ws together ~~ ~ regard rather” company, children LE keep love become, a epare & nay book Prep ; collect —<__—_ importance, subject imporant capital Z necessary ff opinion C 76. After abbreviated words and words ending in a left-motion circle on straight strokes, 2 disjoined r expresses er, or, thus: ra t worker ——~ keeper 2 deare orke z When the forms are distinctive, the r is joined, thus: greater ——L-_—~- _ bigger smaller 2 ee When a brief form ends with the last consonant of a word, the left motion circle is used to express or, er after straight strokes sooner 2 former 2 >Unit 8] GREGG SHORTHAND 4 77. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE Dee reece eeeeeey eee Poe ee cece eee cea rigrrae7e4 Beinn auriuer aie cane Cet re Cr KX o- - oo. & ~al« ee ere eee ep 0 0 ee era Pi-Ar Ap abe Cefn we Ob Qo av A ee wer C. a A - om roe YK 4 o 2 Pe eee ee cee eee4u GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. Lt UNIT 9 THE TH JOININGS 78. The left-motion th is used before and after a, r, 2. In other cases the right-motion th is used: though —~ author <-*~ bath ee although’ -“ cath 2 teeth thought -<~ health 2~ thief g throw ~~ — both C theater throat =~ birth LO thin o thrown ~~~ path f cloth —-__ if you AL you would Yo will he is 2 that this ©? to this vO 88. BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS send a special, speak, é represent v speech agree* 6... week, o> already <2 weak ask 2 floor, Ce value flour office 4 complete,t emplo complaint “C. Pee official &— immediate, <—e express C immediately future 7 — comminee 7? knowledge —<__~ __*The prefix form for agr-e-i, a loop written above the following character, is used to express the word agree {The angle between & and p is maintained in the word complete to make a distinction between complere and keep.46 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. III 89. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICEUnit 9] GREGG SHORTHAND 47 90. WRITING PRACTICE 1. It is hard to say what is known about the model of the motor on which Horace Holliday is working. Several people have seen it and praise it. 2. After Bob bought the boat he noticed that the motor would stall often. After much analysis and pottering over it, he spotted the cause of grief. It was a little thing, and easy to fix. 3. The history of this country shows that a hardy, hard-working people, gifted with vision, can achieve what they fix as a goal if the goal has a meaning to the people in general. 4. It was a shock to her to hear that John Jones, after joking about it, really had started alone on an airplane trip to Havana and was nearing his goal. 5. The “Lone Eagle” did not cross the ocean merely by dreaming of it He made ready for a great trip by planning every detail. Study, hard work, and the bravery to face peril without flinching helped him to achieve his aim and to place his name on the scroll of the great men of history. Dear Sir: It will be necessary for me to stay here till about the end of January, as there are many matters of importance still to be finished. Iam really glad that you were able to see Mr. Hartman and close that busi- ness with him. Such matters may easily cause hard feeling. There is nothing at present that needs your presence here. The general situation seems to be as good as it is in the East. I have my heart set on making big gains for the company here this month. I am working hard to achieve all possible. Yours truly,CHAPTER IV UNIT 10 THE 00-HOOK 91. The upper part of the small elliptical figure 7 , which is called the 0-haok, is used to express the fol- lowing sounds: 60 2 asin asin tuck | took Key ro Vowel Sounds: The duck = took = tothe ~—_—pooll. Cc a Peet oan 92, FREQUENT-WORD DRILL who h oo a hug hig oa do doo 7 does diz “7 tok t50k 27 up ip 0 true troo Az upper tpt a whom hoom — blue b1 00Unit 10] GREGG SHORTHAND plus pull lose rug rough food fur supper dozen group cut cook cup oven cousin plis Cy, fruit pool q_ roof sip a fool dazn ~~ tough groop Tg stale kut oy truck ko0k ->> us kip thus ? av'n vy sullen froot roof lik rib foot shit kiiz'n - through thr 00 Af 93. The combination us is written without an angle at the beginning of words, or when it follows a dowastroke or k, g, as in us, shocs, campus, cousin, etc.50 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. IV 94. The 60-hook Modified. To avoid an unnecessary angle, the 0-hook is turned under after », m. It is also turned under after & or g if followed by r or /: mood mood ~~ canoe kin or 7 7 none nin -. muff mif ah noon noon > nook nook —— moon moon. null nul 2 nut nit — cool kool “2 numb nim -—s2— cur kar me annl §=aintl oe curse kirs -RY, 95. BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS number = —2__ 7 — 7 enough FP force v govern, a) position gy & 4 4 care Os skiill, school carry = Gi usual, wish charge expect, -ment uestion especial q 7: purchase G remember <»—— look =~ full clear “sureUnit 10] GREGG SHORTHAND 51 eile OOonnomentetaenet eter intinteisasnnnen_ a 96. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE52 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. IV UNIT 11 METHOD OF EXPRESSING W 97. By pronouncing the following words slowly it will be found that w has the sound of 2; therefore w is expressed by the a-hook: we = 060- 2 ea wave = 00-a-V wall = d0-aw-l 4 — 98. WORD DRILL way wi 2 win win a / ‘wet wét f wane win a 5 wait wat Q women wi men 2—— weighed wad wake wik a> wed wéd e wicked wikéd : 2 wedded w & ded walk wawk 25 width width at weave Wwév / widow widod ro waste wast ZeUnit 11] GREGG SHORTHAND 53 wash w 6sh 7 weep wép @ web wéib 0 x wheat* hwét watch w6ch wages wij’s / wedge wéj wheel hwél 2 — 7 wear wir whim hwim 2— hOB gs weaty wéri whip hwip eC wool wool 2 whale hwial <2 7 water wawter 2* whirl hwérl 2. — *In che combination wh, as in wheel, the b is sounded first. 99. W Within Words. In the body of a word it is more convenient to express w by a dash placed beneath the vowel following. In writing sw and a circle vowel, as in sweet, swim, swell, the hook for w is pref- erable to the dash: quick = 35 equity <2 squall 2. queen > queer = swim 4— quit ae twin P= swell 2 _- quote YyY dwell Pee swift Z sweet ~ — doorway Le Z acquit 454 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. IV 100. A Before W or H. In words beginning with a-h or a-w the dot, placed on the line close to the next character, is used to express 4: ahead awake 37> await tr away 9 awoke «27 awaken gre 101. FREQUENT PHRASES weate <2 wearenot 2 _ we shall 0 be we will 2 we will not -2_— we have we shall 7 weshallnot 2 we have /, been wecan 27> we cannot Fe we have not 102. BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS world =» house, 7 suppose g whose reply rv remark . oa ~=owhether 7 further 2 word follow, 2 fall body accept, Ce explain Gi duty ee gone —— 2 particular ft bring L nature -~3— report CtUnit 13] GREGG SHORTHAND 55 103. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE oe Seeeee a” : Got Ong ae a. €or we OZ WY ~- a + B® ae ma Za ee ay ar Ke Ln» ae ene tear te eo Lr I. ceazye fie me me ae a Ne ,éo2 par aaa Maat ae ee eo56 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. IV UNIT 12 METHOD OF EXPRESSING Y 104. Y has the sound of long ¢, as in yacht, yoke, and when followed by a hook vowel is expressed by the small circle. Ye, as in year, yet, is expressed by a small loop; ya, by a large loop. yacht & yellow s—~< youth #7 yawn = yoke > yarn > year ~ yet ZF yard oO THE SIGNS FOR NG AND NK 105. The sound ng, as in ring, rang, is expressed by n written at a slightly downward slant; wk (sounded ngk), as in bank, rank, is expressed by a longer stroke on the same slant: ting C2 drink = -bank x rang sank o__ blank Gitett rank c2 wing a king = sing a frank CQ wrong) =~ <_ songs Az banquet ie spring Ce.Unit 12] GREGG SHORTHAND 57 PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES 106. The vowel is omitted in the prefixes en, in, un, em, im when the prefix is followed by a consonant; when a written vowel follows the prefix, the initial vowel is retained. Ex is expressed by es. The suffix ings is expressed by a left s and éngly by a small circle substituted for the zng-dot: infer 2 unseen a expense oC env’ engine lovingly —_ y 8 BY 7 impel innate oo seem- Bae Pee ingly im pres- emotion —y% exceed- x sion ingly 8 embrace emit =—s meetings —_s emphasis examine —2——— savings Z indeed ea excess f — evenings 2 107. Negative words beginning with 2, wn, im in which the » or m is doubled are distinguished from the positive forms by omitting one of the doubled consonants and inserting the initial vowel: known ~ unknown a noticed at unnoticed ae necessary sr unnecessary 258 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. IV 108. FREQUENT PHRASES of them «~~ to ask 2 if you a are very pe we would rr are not ad much when the 2 we should x we may 2—-o at all 4 docsnot “* withus «7 into the —~7 we must 22—< will you —— in reply that they O° through 7 the : on our ow tokeep 7 for us f togo. 7» which , over the ec J : have did not 4 who have i? as you ga 109. BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS Jon, ~~ strength, Y—~ — character strong 2 among ——~_ communi- ——> effect 24 cate,-tion young =~ bill, ac return a built yes O friend, 2 answer or friendly thank oc else, + experience é list effort J car, — recent we correctUnit 12] GREGG SHORTHAND 59 110. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE a6 G0 Kv) wen oa Yr 6 Ye Ce eee eee eee See60 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. IV 111, WRITING PRACTICE 1. The couple were waiting at the club to meet the other members of the party. 2. For years we have been following this particular method of making reports at our bank. 3. His answer to the unusual communication was, in effect, that his income was too small for him to think of such a purchase. 4. The girl was wearing a new pale yellow sweater of soft angora wool’and a dashing green scarf at the skating rink. ; : 5. The men were weary from the long swim in the rough water of the bay. 6. After the wedding reception her uncle gave the couple and their friends a banquet at the Hotel Tours. My dear Sir: The orders that we gave you in our letter of May 1 about all purchases were clearly stated and very important, and we are glad that you have so regarded them. In the future we hope that we shall not have to question any of the purchases that you may make for our company. . You must remember that your position with us is based mainly on your skill in choosing clothing that is up to the minute in fashion and still cheap. We feel that we should caution you to study every day the changing fashions and at the same time keep your cye on the economic situation in the textile world. We hope you can reach here soon enough Saturday, so that we may have a long chat. We want you to tell us all about your recent trip and to help you plan your next trip to Paris. Yours truly;CHAPTER V UNIT 13 THE DIPHTHONGS 112. A pure diphthong is the union in one syllable of two simple vowel sounds uttered in rapid succession. The diphthongs are therefore expressed by joining the circles and hooks representing the vowel sounds of which the diphthongs are composed: as in fume fim tat aos ow as innow now oC oi ¢ as inoil oil A iO asindie di ee Nore: The diphthong » is a combination of 7 and a; ow, of & and 33; oi, of aw and Z. The sign for the diphthong # is a large circle with an indenta- tion—resembling a combination of a and ¢, which, if uttered in rapid succes- sion, yield a sound almost equivalent to 7. This sign, is generally called “the broken circle.” The signs are written in their sounded order. The sign for the diphthong / is treated as a circle, and con- forms to the rules for joining circles. Note how the diphthong 7 is written in the words séxe, nice, price, maine, which appear in the following word drill. 6162 GREGG SHORTHAND {Chap. V 113, WORD DRILL human ,i—— enjoy white rr cute 27” ~— join Y wise g few 2 boy Co wide Oo view D toy wa ride a now Oo voice Z lie CF cow oe high o price Ce mouth — 77 size gF prices GE ounce te rise Ee prize Ce vow A fight oe apply Ce bough a fine A supply Ce annoy oe? file ae comply Ce noise < sign - cry ~2 oil A— fire a. nice od soil a fly Ce mine —<>— choice é sight a realize e_@Unit 13] GREGG SHORTHAND 63 type o try ne? dining . pipe & tried I twice foal oa dry excited ~ smile” 2 <2 drive JI tie died Odes ign -F tire eo *See mile in the brief forms below. 114. For convenience, long # is expressed by the large circle in the fol- lowing words: life Lf line 2 quite -Zf might 115. BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS use o how, oC side a out power vA right, 2 wite o- write why o while &— kind -@ night ane behind a inquire _—@ find 9 poi, Samide ew appoint light c-? thousand Co require ~—@ 116. When word forms end with thc diphthong #, the double circle is used to express the diphthong and the termination /y: lightly © kindly —@ tightly & nightly —>64 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. V 117. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE YO op en 2 a op Be poten O09 ,0 2767 + ~ La. Cero) wr we 7 TEU tremble frase eee mea 1] eC Qo AXP IE AT Hoe F742 he eee eee Ceeeeeeeeeee Cte Foaf arses oeUnit 14] GREGG SHORTHAND 65 UNIT 14 OTHER VOWEL COMBINATIONS 118. In a few words, vowels follow one another con- secutively without forming diphthongs, as in poem, radio, showy. In such noid the signs for the sounds are written in the order in which the sounds occur: poet CC snowy’ 2,7 radio 7 : 3 poem (Ga showy go folio eee , ’ *When necessary, the Jong sound of o in o¢ is marked to distinguish it from the diphchong oi. 119. Any vowel following the diphthong # is ex- pressed by a small circle within the large circle: via science riot = & fiat og” diet prior Cee 120. Short é followed by 4, as in mania, is expressed by a large circle with a dot placed within it; ¢ followed by the large circle vowel, as in create, is expressed by a large circle with a dash within it. These distinctions are scldom necessary, however: aria QD cereal €@ _ piano x area QQ. D serial €@ —— create —#% alias Q_ @ mania 5 cfeation —266 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. V OMISSION OF MINOR VOWELS 121, When two vowelsnot forminga pure diphthong come together, the minor vowel may be omitted. For convenience in writing many common words, the circle may be omitted in the diphthong «, as in new, due, music: theory *% due 4 idea” oO genius 4 music — ze ideal* a arduous ~~” amuse o—yz genuine TAL tedious Tac reduce uw? renew ee new a avenue i renewal _o-<_ *The long i in idea and ideal is expressed by the large circle. 122, BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS dollar* “oO respect, we please CE C respectfully object arrange, QO progress C— arrangement strange consider, - across Ba o~ trust we opportunity Cc various 2 mail __—-© throughout 27 enclose 74 address ae advantage wonder -a— *After numerals, dollars is expressed by 4Unit 14] GREGG SHORTHAND 67 123. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE “4-3 Cr 5 IC~osz DA Ee cece ct eto eee te co! ee oa om ee te a oa 7, ee Ss Seaetieratt nae ut eee ee a an a eects eC Ctae ae FOr nH eee ieee greece tte gol oa 9 oH ee Ce te C/o eter eee68 GREGG SHORTHAND UNIT 15 OMISSION OF SHORT U AND OW [Chap. V 124, In the body of a word short # and ow are omitted before x and m, and short # before straight downstrokes: sun =a column —<_-—— announce o~z sunk <___ lumber Sane million —<—— fun 2 pump funny 2. bunch op NS town “ jump down SO brown ton 7 begun DO done Hace summer 2» run ~— - sunshine gz rung ~~ luncheon ——-7 crush clutch touch trunk rush judge brush drown Yan ya 125, Between mm, ow is indicated by a jog, a8 im announce, short u is in- serted between wn, nm, as in. run and mmb; monn is expressed by the mn blend, as in mountain 126. The w is omitted in the termination sume: assume resume consume Q am 2 presume GeUnit 15] GREGG SHORTHAND 69 JOINED PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES 127. The syllables per, pro, pur are expressed by pr; the syllable b/e, by 6, ple, by p (in the words given below only); ment, by m: proper & trouble process G sensible perhaps & miser- sample a7 example Ae apart- Ce compli- mee Ce moment ——.—— equip- ee ment promise C—e reliable treat A ment prove noble element e_-2— perform G ; payable C excite: ment profit Gg simple “ve payment <— valuable G ample oz settle- ~~ ment able permit C—v suitable promo- ones avail- tion able pursue G terrible NEE RIN 128. When pro occurs before an upward character ar &, it is more con- venient to insert the vowel, as in: protection Cy“? produce C7 produced CX7o GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. V COMPOUND JOINED PREFIXES 129. Two or more simple prefixes may be joined: inform 2. conform 2 reconcile 6 recognize ee unforeseen + ae oe unimportant ——7 unexpected” + uncomfortable va unaccountable* ae uninformed mal unemployed ae incomplete ee unconscious 3 “The initial vowel is not required in compound prefixes 130. BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS problem person, G perfect, personal proof success ay regret, satisfy, a regular factory ‘obable confident, bed, Oo Pr confidence «= bad except é correspond, —~r cover ence stop 0 excelente, 2 serious €, excellence accord = 7~— organize, 2 direct, ae organizationUnit 15] GREGG SHORTHAND 71 131, READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE Se see eee eget ea a- @ «Ws ~~ + C aa 19 oo) Koo 9 @ yO A See ease ee el eel eee Cee a 8 aoe Hist Fea as as id (ote SE eect ee eeeenere cee eeeqr GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. V 132, WRITING PRACTICE 1. You are quite right in saying that the price was too high and that the whole order of cereals should be returned. I should think that they could quote lower prices, owing to their greater purchasing power. 2. An ounce or so of light motor oil spread on the leaves of the springs of your car will banish all squeaks. 3. The boy's singing was enjoyed by his many friends who came to hear him in the huge hall of the Armory. 4. His office was equipped with several filing cases and a new type of filing desk. 5. The news of his appointment was announced over the radio at a special coast-to-coast hook-up. 6. He reduced the output of his mill to a million feet of lumber per day during the dull season. 7. His profits in oil were higher this month than they were in the month hefore. Dear Sir: I should like to enlist your aid in preparing an evening of music to be given early in January on behalf of our Home Welfare Organization. I think we should have a generous number of arias from the leading operas and a few piano and violin solos. Perhaps we could also get Mr. Hoyle to give his talk on the poetry of music. We must not forget also to present some numbers for the enjoyment of the children who will be present. Will you not join with us in helping to arrange something of an unusually high character this year? Yours truly,CHAPTER VI UNIT 16 BLENDED CONSONANTS 133. When two straight lines form an obtuse or blunt angle, the natural tendency of the hand is to “slur” the angle and allow the lines to form a curve, thus: —~/ blended becomes —~ and expresses -nt, -nd A, ‘ blended becomes 7 and expresses -mt, -md 134. The -nt, -nd bled is an upward curve, corresponding in length to the sign for f; the -mr, -md blend is an upward curve, corresponding in length tov. The n or m governs the lengch of the curve; the curve containing m nacurally is longer. At the beginning of words, short ¢ and short i are omit- ted before these blends, as in entry, empry, induce, etc 135. WORD DRILL bond CO band Cg prevent print Ce” prompt C7 owned “<7 planned C_2~ blind Co? rent a” plenty C2 apparent (C7 land 274 GREGG SHORTHAND __{Chap. VI seemed aw’ grant ma around Q7 entry 7 second 2’ convent 2 Indian 1 fastened gy ground ——~7 empty wy signed 2” trimmed refund DZ event 2 strained pe laundry front C2 winter Bt joint “ framed go? inventory 2” exempt 2! moaned Z found 2% count -/ doomed a” gained 3 ashamed gf’ sound sent 136, The Ld Combination. The combination /d is ex- pressed by giving /a swinging upward turnatthe finish: old «<7 fold <7 gold —e_/ older <7 field 9-2” killed ~—2_? yield 7 filed o2/ filed <7 held c_/ wild 2 child £Unit 16] GREGG SHORTHAND 75 hold <7 cold a’ sealed ¢_/ sold 27 colder —e_-*~ appealed CU 137. DAYS AND MONTHS Sunday 2— ~January August = <¢— Monday ——»— February September é Tuesday March Sf October o—~ Wednesday -2¢ April C November Thursday ~~ May ——~ December eo Friday do June Z Saturday 2 July L 138, BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS entire 4 refer, gy receipt ce reference copy 2 remit, <*+— unable 7 remittance stock ran suggest, enable suggestion stand individual A invoice — allow = Q — attention C ~~ industry “—~ | draft acknowledge <7 oblige76 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. VI 139. READING AND DICTATION: PRACTICE Yo en eee ae av “Unit 17] GREGG SHORTHAND 77 UNIT 17 JENT-PENT, DEF-TIVE BLENDS 140. By rounding off the angle, as shown in the pre- vious blends, the following useful signs for syllables are obtained: Lp blended becomes OC and expresses jent-d, pent-d DD blended becomes (7 and expresses def-v, -tive 141. WORD DRILL spend CY cheapened & defeat expend Oo carpenter 7 »~ defer happened C pageant & _defy opened 0 impending —-- . divine cogent wy native 95) | deficit legend wow devout lPK division ripened a divided ip device gentle C/— defraud CLL defend genteel C*—~ defray ae defense Gentile C2-—~ endeavor _/2. define DHL HVWOP VAY78 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. VI sensitive 27) positive —D motive —~:~) restive eD creative —g? captive BP 42, SPECIAL BUSINESS FORMS Gentlemen () Yours very sincerely Dear Mr. Ae Yours respectfully =~ Messrs. — z Respectfully yours Ww Yours sincerely Zz Very respectfully Sincerely yours 22+ Cordially yours - Very sincerely ZL Yours cordially 2 143, BRIEF FORMS FOR COMMON WORDS move ——> diftnen, () quality > difference agent approximate Co definite 2 spirit CA taeliver “tomorow Ct delivery credit —» __ instant, -c influence appear Cc response, 7 mistake-n —~ responsible beauty railway, ule ——_ altogether -7Unit 17] GREGG SHORTHAND 79 144. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE Log pp rp el r oe ON ee o OU nm CS Cw OT fo yf Dw @ er ayphe DP ee ete al tee Te OVP) ge oO Pp vrs Ke Men Af 4 Oe 6 lew KR Ps / ye oe HI. ape PF Hor AD Oa BSE pee tect eee ELE (oo ue, nee wo Oe Y/Y rege Cee eae ee80 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. VI UNIT 18 FREQUENT WORD-BEGINNINGS 145. The vowel is omitted in the syllables be, de, re, dis, and mis: below Ge discover OD reason we beneath C- dispel “C_— reasonable besides ie dispatch Ab reception g delay Vea display “C2 review debate L dislike ~C— tevise 4 deceit “7 disgrace ~~ “replace Zz. decision “7 — dismiss repent Cw depress Ce repair Zz mislaid__ 5 depart we resign Zw mishap ee depend /C/ reform wz fT 146. The vowel is retained when de precedes k, g, as in decay, degrade. 147, The vowel in re is omitted only before a downward character, as in replace, repent, review, repair, resign, reeption.Unit 18] GREGG SHORTHAND 81 PHRASING PRINCIPLES 148. The word had when following a pronoun is expressed as shown in the following illustrations: I had he had they had we had you had eee eee pe 149. The phrases was-not and is-not are expressed easily and legibly by using the blending principle: was not &7 he was not e/ it is not ve ce to me a to make at any time to my Cc at once o istdde tourette to mean Co ie may be ee what to do “O ee 158. When do-not is preceded by a pronoun, it is ex- pressed by the sign den: I do not Oo we do not believe I do not see oe they do not Ido not know 6 they do not know I do not believe & you do not V\A\AN we do not a you do not know , 159. When necessary, don’t may be distinguished from do nor by writing don for don't, thus Tdon't ate we don't xr they don't \Unit 19] GREGG SHORTHAND 87 160. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE ee AL ob wo 6 IAL Bore eee eee eee A ee ae ee 096. 9K Cn we So a YK Bet Cg OCR co : rege J. 2» > Pena Fin bap the aA —~ autnae? npc Zoe CHE Tc Ch cee ees Fy eeeey eo reece srereeeeeceeea Lo Vee ty88 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. VII UNIT 20 METHOD OF EXPRESSING R 161. A circle or loop is written with the left mo- tion to express r following the vowel: Between a downward character, ( CO ? D / / / and a forward straight stroke, ~ et — ;com- pare the following forms: Rightmation: chat sham oA bin L fame > — Left-motion: chart & charm burn ee farm Note: The circle is placed above the next stroke after 2, 6, bird, and below the next stroke in all others, as in charm, farm. ‘There is a tendency in rapid writing co curve a straight line when it is followed by a circle. Therefore the distinctive method of joining the circle when it is written with Jefe motion after straight strokes is adopted to pre- vent any possibility of misreading. Compare germ aad bird in the following" drill , as in burn, 162, WORD DRILL barn CG spurt & cheered ke bird spared 6~ shared = 6 period ao experts a repaired yaa barter OG shirt o chairman beo- burner a charter = — germ LEUnit 20] GREGG SHORTHAND 89 convert 2 farmer on varnish é avert Z farmers Le pertain Co adjourn Z fern Z burden adjourned L fertile -p-— pertinent co 163. Between a horizontal and an upward stroke the circle is turned with a left motion on the upward stroke to express r following the vowel: cart -e courtesy —ot guarantee oO” card ee courteous —e7 girder i curt 2 mart —~ smart Io guard 2 merit —-- lard ee guard- are skirt oe flict Ce jan garden —@~ inert oe alert One 164. Before straight lines, 5 in ser, cer, sar, and th in ther, thir, may be written contrary to the usual method of joining to express r: desert. © concert ge insert oe discern “concern ge _ inserted eago GREGG SHORTHAND {Chap. VIL insertion zy search - sermon <¢__ assert & serge / third x asserted on surgeon L thirty ral assertion £ — surmise é— © thermom- a eter 165. R Omitted. In many words containing ar, er, or, ir,as in the words large, serve, warm, sort, firm, circle, corner, the r is omitted. In applying this principle advantage is simply taken of dropping a sound that ordinarily is not stressed in speaking. 166. WORD DRILL large S reverse endorse larger a a reserve F surprise ¢& learn toward 27 surplus Cae oe turn ad towards a orchestra Re terms A—T sport é quarter 2 north born “ war zZ northern --% board C warn Ze cord 2 border C warmth z—~"Unit 20] GREGG SHORTHAND gt warrant 27 court —yv western x serve A source @ modern* = —-— service a, storm 7 southern #7 services firm _2— assortment 2 surface J circle =A. nervous sort 2 certain 7 worry Q corn —e— ascertain a worth ar corner ee eastern’ # worthy a “The syllables tern, dern are expressed by fen. 167. The termination worthy, as in noteworthy, trustworthy, is expressed by thi, and worth by iith, chus noteworthy ~~~ trustworthy A? Ainsworth a 168. The Syllable Ther. The syllable ther, as in either, other, is conveniently expressed by the sign for th: mother ——- bother C father* 2 neither brother (iit leather <—*” gather -—p5- weather 7 hitherto <~ *The left-motion sh is used in father to distinguish this word from faith, which otherwise would have the same form92 GREGG SHORTHAND __[Chap. VIL 169. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICEUnit 21] GREGG SHORTHAND 93 UNIT 21 COMMON PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES 170. The prefixes for, fore, fur are expressed by f. The suffixes ful and ify are expressed by f, se/f by 5; selves by ses; and age by /: forget 2-7 useful 4 itself a forgive 2» notify —.~) themselves “7 forgotten 2—v modify 2) ourselves Cy foresee 7 certify xy) yourselves 7 furniture 2 dignify a, courage a7 furnish 2 simplify 24—, storage a awful 7 myself _—,, baggage 5 wonderful 7% yourself 7 manager 37 helpful 7” himself 3 — average thoughtful 7 _ herself a package Noss: (1) The syllable sure is written tr. (2) The vowel in baggage is omitted to distinguish the form from package. (3) When for or fore is fol- lowed by a vowel, disjoin f close to the next character, as in forearm. When {for oF fore is followed by r or 1, form an angle after f, as in forerunner, furlong.94 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. VII PHRASING PRINCIPLES 171. In phrases, the words ago, early, few, him, hope, sorry, want, sure, possible, are modified as shown below: to him 7— at an early date Itold him days ago we told him 2<—~ weeks ago I hope 6 months ago we hope co years ago I hope to hear a day or two ago > eis Tam sorry oz. week or two ago 777 we are sorry -2_, as near as possible IT want a” few days you want 27 — few months we want 2” few minutes if you want aL be sure do you want ve ‘we are sure early reply re Tam sure ce 2 2“ c oo?Unit 21] GREGG SHORTHAND 95 172, READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE ee ee96 GREGG SHORTHAND uChap. VII 173. WRITING PRACTICE 1. This land is apparently owned by a group that received it as a grant from the Government, an: I be- lieve it is tax exempt. 2. The trend is to employ better-trained people in the printing industries, to prevent the losses entailed by errors in judgment. 3. We look for a cold winter, which will have a pronounced effect on the lumber market in this section. 4. We are sorry that the catalogue did not reach you in time to be of service in this particular instance. 5. If you want to see him in regard to the matter about which we talked yesterday, phone him, and if he is unable to see you, then he will arrange for a mecting at a later date. 6. We have looked over the carbon copy of the letter in question and are unable to find any reference to previous prices. 7. Sufficient improvement has been noted in the trend of the market to suggest that you buy now. 8. The vowel is inserted in the word “package” to enable the writer instantly to tell the difference be- tween the forms for “package” and “baggage.” g. While at the village, I received a message from my employer asking me to send the package to his foreign address. ro. I have forgotten his name, but I suppose the hotel people will remember him. 11. The paper has been properly signed by the joint owners and sent to the land office.CHAPTER VIII UNIT 22 OMISSION OF FINAL T 174. When slightly enunciated, ¢ is omitted at the end of many words. WORD DRILL (¢ omitted after 5) best C largest al adjust i go rest contest —* request — 3 persist G protest CZ finest oe resist oy detest past & exist 2 invest last _€ artist of oldest <7 just J exhaust # forest Le justice fi cost -t 7 998 GREGG SHORTHAND _[(Chap, Vill 175. WORD DRILL (¢ omitted after &, p, den) act mo project induct. 7 enact og affect 2 adapt x face | A eft = CA atop oe exact a> detect eet abrupt e contact 7 > strict yr president. Ce elect 2-2 ~— conduct et evident select € 27> product C "resident oT erect ee deduct eee student 97 176. WORD DRILL (¢ is written in the following words) Jost We dust Lt worst Ly east ¥ taste & distant fast Z missed _-¢ intent eo cast QV mixed _-e, content a vast y post C extent Yo least W—-@ fo coast =z patentUnit 22] GREGG SHORTHAND 99 W7. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE Ae Er fe Loge C&S uw ZF Gp vs ie oS oe pee ye eee ee Ye Des on ee100 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. VIII UNIT 23 OMISSION OF D 178. When slightly enunciated, d is often omitted: mind —ze— dividend Ce expound C remind ze intend _f~ compound z command ——.— extend 7” compounds G demand (oe extends x abound C diamond Attar pound Co beyond C 179. The d is written in the following. words. commend ee ant od attend om 180, Dis omitted when itimmediately precedes or v: admit o—* admir- admon- 5=—7 able o ish admit- o—«~~ advent adverb tance 4 admitted >— adventure admire —@ advocate Ly adverse advance admira- <-—«_p adversary advise(ce) tion Tet, In the words admire, advice, advise, advance, coming under this rule, the Weil vowel also is omitced to facilitare phrasing, as illustrated in theUnit 23] GREGG SHORTHAND IoL following uscful phrases: weadmire 2-4? in advance ay we advise / 182. Where the last letter of a primitive form is omitted, the past tense is indicated by 2 disjoined , thus contested 4 insisted sz extended We ZL requested _—g demanded oo compounded Zz i PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES 183. The syllable w/ is expressed by the -hook; a/ (pronounced aw-l), by the 6-hook. The sign a/ has already been given in the words also, almost. Sub is expressed by a joined 5; Jess, by /: ulster xy _alterna- Lo? subway a tive ultima- Pace submit 2—« thought--~“—— tum less almanac -<_—z5— substance x home less alternate’ .42% subside _ needless Pinel “For convenience, the root form of che word alter is retained in derivative forms, although the pronunciation changes. 184, Before r, J, ch, j, or a hook, sis written contrary to rule to express sub, as in suburb, sublime, subchief, subjotn. 185. When sub is followed by a circle vowel, s is disjoined and placed on the line close to the following character, thus: subeditor ee subhead 9 9102 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. VIII 186. BRIEF-FORM DERIVATIVE DRILL 7 7 : Ce age at ee ff Y ’ ( ( ‘e 9G EL? Der ™ aia “ye 4a %I7tF 187. KEY TO BRIEF-FORM DRILL 1. acceptable, acknowledgment, addressed, addressee, advantageous, advisable, agreeable; 2. agreement, agreed, answers, appearance, appoint- mont, asked, 3, beautiful, booklet, bookkeeping, careful, causes, charged, Clearly; 4. collectible, considerably, correspondent, credits, desirous, educa: tional;, effective, enclosure, explanation, favorable, favorite, favors, forced & formerly, fully, greater, greatly, goodness, houses; 7. kindness, kindest, kindly, letters, likely, longer; 8. longest, mostly, myself, namely, names, obligations; 9. occasionally, preparation, publisher, purchaser, qualities, recovered, regardless, regards; 10, representative, satisfactorily, necessarily, necessity, successfully, surely, usually, unusual, wished.Unit 23] GREGG SHORTHAND 103 198. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE LG 62 wo & 2? o ieee eee ee oe a eae ee LAE z seer ee eerste ae pele 2 A eo ee Ce a -— oOo oe104 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. VIII UNIT 24 PHRASING PRINCIPLES 189. Words Omitted. Any unimportant word may be omitted where the sense requires its restoration in transcribing : in the world _~ ought to be day or two more or less =—-~__-- (ase _asnua little or no one or two bo aw week or two ~~” son-in-law one of our in order to see some of them some of those au ae eae ee 2 here and there eH ought to have vA ought to receive ~~ in reply to your a for the time being xO question of time =~ out of the question oD one of the most. = +—* sooner or later AP in a week or two 77 in reference to the matter in regard to the mater, © 9-79Unit 24] GREGG SHORTHAND 105 up to the time a glad to see —t by the way ae I am of the opinion oye on the market —_.__ in such a manner on the subject kindly let us eae on the question <-> in order to prepare ae in the matter 4 litele or nothing = — > in the market ____._. one of the best hand in hand 7 in a day or two Le that is to say a on account of the way oo able to say es I should like to have VS more and more I should like to know Notes: x. To secure facility in execution, split up long phrases and practice progressively, as, for example, I should, I should like, I should like to Anow. 2. The use of such expressions as én reply to your, for the time being, in regard 10 the matter, exc. is to be discouraged. They are not sanctioned by careful writers of English. Nevertheless they are still widely in use in business correspondence, and to prepare students for the kind of dictation they will receive, it is necessary to draw attention to these phrases.106 GREGG SHORTHAND __ [Chap. VIII a an Prices Adele 2 gin gre tc re D Cy Cor 4 YA 42 ea ae ee Ae ee tc HEE eet eee eet EE te Lee AC aCe a Ov 9 A OP ne eee een eee et ey eer Sete ee Fee geet cet ase pete dea Pe eee a ae A om vyUnit 24] GREGG SHORTHAND 107 91, WRITING PRACTICE 1. We feel that the extension of the project will not in any way affect the operating costs. 2. The demand for the compound is beyond our power to handle, as the supply of raw products is very limited. 3. L admit that we must admire the way in which he managed his company through a desperate period in its history. 4. Weshall attempt to adjust the price of the product to the figure you name, but it is evident that the existing cost of raw: products will make this very difficult. 5. Just how the act will affect the sales is hard to predict, but I am almost sure that an adjustment is necessary. The worst feature of the arrangement for the extension of the coast line is that it will greatly re- duce, if not exhaust, our present surplus. 6. It is evident from your latest request that you are against the extension of the bond issue, but it is hoped that as a student of finance you will realize that the ex- tension of our operating capital is consistent with modern methods. 7. Stocks and bonds are the two forms of investment most often chosen by the young man or young woman who has heeded the saying we have all heard nearly every day since we were born, that is, “The wise man spends less than he receives.” 8. Therefore, when you are ready to start investing, it is much the best plan to rely on an investment bank to recommend the type of investment exactly suited to your needs. It will save you a lot of worry and will cost you nothing.CHAPTER IX UNIT 25 THE ABBREVIATING PRINCIPLE 192. The application of the abbreviating principle dis- cussed in Chapter I, paragraph 23, many illustrations of which Previously have been given, is more or less flexible and depends to a large extent upon the famili- arity of the writer with the words and subject matter in the dictation. Note how the principle is applied in the following illustration: It is possible that the success of the magazine may make it meessary to change the policy of the association mw Oe q c (ee oa g ar the next meeting in Philadelphia sometime in January. few - ee TA Have you a memorandum — oftheir financial’ standing? Sead aa LeCEE ECan ESE EEE eec The February number will contain. an_— original story. rad a = wo YO . vA mm, 108Unit 25] GREGG SHORTHAND 109 The abbreviating principle is not employed when ad- vantage may be taken of analogical or definite word- building rules, and it should not be employed when easily written word forms are possible without it. A good rule to apply to any word is: When in doubt, write it out. 193. Short Words. In a small but useful group of common words——many illustrations of which have been given throughout this manual in “Brief Forms for Common Words’—the form stops with a diph- thong or a strongly accented vowel: arri(ve) Q2 loud) li(gh) oe deri(ve) var south) 2% private) Co enga(ge)-—© poor) = # ~— glo(ry), ~ ——~ stri(ke) ~~7 pute) fF invi(te) gra(de) ——L2 cu(re) 3 provi(de) tra(de) ~ pecu(liar) Hy — procee(d) 7G doubt) ve confuse) 2 decide) ve crow(d) ~@ excu(se) 2x _ prevacil) proud) Cz refu(se) 2 repe(at) Ze stoo(d) +7 beca(me) A opera(te) fe110 GREGG SHORTHAND _[Chap. IX 194, Long Words. An analysis of hundreds of words shows that the abbreviations of long words fall into three classes, from which the following rules have been established: 195. If there is a longhand abbreviation, it is gener- ally used, if it furnishes a distinctive outline, as in the words amount (amt.), April (Apr.), balance (bal.), memo- randum (memo.): amount ow RR (amt.) 7 2 balance & oK pest bal.) boulevard G free on board a (bivd.) (£.0.b.) discount Z* paid (pd oo Gis.) magazine zs Street’ St) x (mag) England ett horse power y ee) = (hp. Pe c memorandum” _—~ U.S. 4 memo.) e ost office Ce U.S.A. PPO) a equivalent ultimo wv Vou) A (ake) America oo tt oo (Am) a * Memoranda is written mema; sires is written s¢ only with a street name otherwise str.Unit 25] GREGG SHORTHAND IIt 196, Write through the accented syllable if the out- line is distinctive. [llustrations: abbrev for abbreviate; Jang tor language; elab for elaborate, etc.: authent(ic) ao leng(th) ee cap(able) CC libCerty) ae certif (icate) YD ~~ materGiat) = —E~ re oe coop(erate) ew original) 7 cus(tom) —» _ pleas(anc) a depos(it) YE —— poptular) & devel(op) C_ policy) Ce dup(licate) /C — prejCadice) Y estab(lish) v principle), CG finan(cial) 2- — sel(ative) ee ilus(tration), a—y _ priv(ilege) 7 imag{vation, Sf trav(el) pf lang(uage) —&. — un(ion) on112 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. IX 197. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE 4). - 9- ba 5 ey ieee —. oo ant Alia Qo ce7 A Y ee ee ee 2 et N A~SJ Bt eee rd oe > 7 Se eee Co TK 0 we Y assesses utaneseec nize oe -< e ee ae ee eeUnit 26] GREGG SHORTHAND 113 UNIT 26 THE ABBREVIATING PRINCIPLE (Continued) 198. Write through the consonant following the accented syllable, if writing through the accented syllable does not give a sufficiently distinctive form. To illustrate, writing ab for the word absent would not be sufficiently distinctive, but by writing abs, the word is immediately suggested. In context, at would not suggest attitude or attribute, but atit and atrib would furnish perfectly legible forms: abs(ent), essential 2, abs(encé) (esensh) abso(lute) a freq(uent) cen accomp(lish) 7 indic(ate) i appreciate, G journ(al) Z g tion (appresh) associa(tion) loc(al) we Casosh) attit(ude) Pade splend(id) Ce benef(it) recipr(ocate) € canc(el) -o num(erous) oe corp(oration) vo ordin(ary) SO enthus(iasm) _7 specCify) ¢114 GREGG SHORTHAND perman(ent)) C———- simil(ar) promin(ent_) C+ ‘social Gosh) pract(ice) Cr - tit(le) rend(er) 27 tor(al) separ (ate) é territ(ory) (Chap. IX ae 4 aT “ a OMISSION OF VOWEL BEFORE ‘‘SHUN”’ 199, The vowel is omitted in the terminations tition, tation, dition, dation, nition, nation, mission, mation: repetition Zw consolidation Ze com petitioon =p commission station v information quotation 27 permission notation 7 intimation edition definition addition oO combination condition EAL recognition foundation 2’ destinationUnit 26] GREGG SHORTHAND 115 6rGy7 2 veg SPv > w— Co —— -~ Fy Looe oe a 6 7 ae 32> 2G. 2 Cah Oe Ya oro 7 Tat oe ee ween an fo eo ee Soe vce 2 Le os x4 ¢ CH A ms. (EDK frm ze, Ce (eae anne116 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. IX UNIT 27 COMPOUND WORDS 201. A number of compounds may be obtained by joining brief forms: POG EE mz IQ te nee: CPS ea io eo. there: f aa ~ L a where: Qs a a Qe WEL ae 7 7,2. vee 2S with: eon Jo 202, KEY TO COMPOUND WORDS any: anybody, anyone, anywhere, anyhow, anyway. te before, beforehand, behindhand, belong, beside, besides. every: whatever, whenever, whichever, however, whoever, everybody, everyone, everywhere. here: hereafter, herein, hereinafter, hereinbefore, hereon, hereto, hereto- fore, hereunto, herewith. there: thereafter, therein, therefore, therefrom, thereon, thercto, there- upon, therewith.Unit 27] GREGG SHORTHAND 117 where: whereabouts, whereas, wherever, wherefore, wherein, whereof, whereon, elsewhere soever: whatsoever, wheresoever, whensoever, whosoever, whomsoever. some: somebody, somehow, someone, sometime, somewhat, somewhere, with; within, withstand, forthwith, notwithstanding. Nore: Slight modifications or omissions are made in the forms for any- where, anyhow, hereinafter, herewith, however, sometime, somuvhere, and the com- pounds beginning wich every. These should receive special attention. The form for notwithstanding is not-with-s 203. IRREGULAR COMPOUNDS meanwhile otherwise thanksgiving ee vO je, FIGURES, ETC. 204. After numerals the word dollars is expressed by 4; hundred by n placed under the numeral; thousand by th; million by m placed on the line close to the numeral; billion by b; pounds (weight or money) by p; gallons by & barrels by br; bushels by bsh; feet by f; francs by fr; cwt. by nw; o'clock by o placed over the numeral: $5 oH 5,000 5 5,000,000° oo 3. oo’ £ $5,000 £% $5,000,000 5 5 5 $500 F/ 500,000 2 5 lbs. (or £5) z “The sign for hundred is placed beneath the figure to distinguish it posi- tively from million, which is written beside the figure.118 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. IX 500 Ibs. 5 sbares 5 sock 5° (or £500) £5,000 s bushels % soofet 5 LB é C ( 7 £500,000 5, 5 feet & §francs Sy C 2 c es a 5 gallons 5 cwt 500 francs 5 205. The above signs may be used after the article a and such words as per, few, several: a dollar 4 several hundred oe a pound rv several hundred ee a million pee a thousand dollars x a gallon tA few thousand dollars YY per hundred Cc a hundred thousand ces 206. Cents when preceded by dollars may be expressed by writing the figures representing them very small and above the numerals for the dollars; when not preceded by dollars, the sign for s is placed above the figures. Per cent is expressed by 5 written below the figures; per cent per annum by adding # to per cent. $8.50 five cents five per cent five per cent per annum ce 5 5 2Unit 27] GREGG SHORTHAND 11g 207. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE 7 oe oe eeecaerecdey A a as ee ey, ame cade a a a a Yad ve ck ee Co IK SJ et eyo he Hamp fs Ge a aes MLE 7 cl. O44 ee I DSO ae eee cana (ae 4 10S pe igs FeeeopecepfeceeeeeeeeeEEECEE C Ry Hm PA Meee Pe RTE I Ale120 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. IX 208, WRITING PRACTICE 1. A few thousand dollars will be needed to begin the repairs on the bridge at Omaha. It is estimated that the total cost will be about $50,000. 2 Owing to the strike, the goods are coming through in very poor condition, and many of the shipments must be refused. 3. A trial of the peculiar device showed that it was not capable of developing even approximately the power claimed for it ; 4. Weare anxious to be invited to the private view of this new establishment, and especially of its elaborate and €onspicuously) beautiful decorations. 5. We are somewhat accustomed to abbreviatin, words in-writing the English language in longhand. This expedient is especially ap; licable and convenient in writing rapidly. The principle is capable of great de- velopment and offers a ready means of providing casy forms for many long words that would otherwise require more elaborate aad onsequently) less fluent dutlines. 6. In the Post Office Guide it is suggested that in ad- dressing envelopes the name of the state, written on a line by itself, is more convenient in handling the mail. 7. A peculiar situation has arisen’ that is likely to (prejudice!the development and policy of this financial institution. 8 The Reverend Mr. Smith took. a (conspicuously Ibenevolent attitude toward a policy that was not likely to be successful. 9. A regular feature of the establishment was thelin- auguration of a fashion show each month.CHAPTER X UNIT 28 ANALOGICAL WORD-BEGINNINGS—DISJOINED 209. Certain prefixes or letters are disjoined to ex- press ¢r and a following vowel. The prefix is placed above the line, very close to the remainder of the word: a ae et a a centr-, center Co Ce Cg ? SF Cae aber CHS He peta ent constr- oe AZ Pree erey teeter ’ ae 47 lett, deter co ae eS dliser-, deser- a Cf C x S aq e_- qa qa electr-, — {fee Ce (or electric) Ps 9 8 eee eee 9 extrexter, wo, a oy qanna (or excl-) inte-, inter, pate Eee ot / enter, (or intel) ee insee- y T_T oS eens Ce rete FAS 7 ly ce oe = “5 reste122 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. X 210, KEY TO ANALOGICAL WORD-BEGINNINGS 1, central, center, centralize, centralization, centrifugal. contract, contrary, control, contribute, contrast, counterpart, counter sign ; construct, construction, constrain, constraint, construe, construed detriment, detrimental, deteriorate, detract, detractlon destroy, discribure, distribution, distract, distraction clectric, electrical, electrolysis, electric light. wavee extra, extreme, extraordinary, exterior, extricate, exclusive, exclama- tion. . interest, interesting, enter, entered, entertain, interfere, introduce, intelligence. 9. instruct, instruction, instrument, instruments, instrumental to. retreat, retract, retraction, retribution, retrieve, retrogression. it, restrain, restraine, restrict, restriction. 211. In forming the derivatives of words ending in ct, as in contract, it is not necessary to disjoin to express ed, or, er, or ive, The ¢ is omitted in the primitive form (under the rules given in Chapter VIIL), and also in its derivatives: contracted Ly instructed eae contractor ioe instructor ase . ; = constructed = 2 instructive oO constructor = extracted ee ee 4 constructive ) restrictive 7Unit 28] GREGG detracted x active G7 effected 2v effective ANALOGLCAL SHORTHAND 123 affected 2 defective D detected ett detective ae WORD-BEGINNINGS—COMPOUNDS 212. Some very useful forms are obtained by joining simple syllable characters, such as in, un, dis, re, non, to the signs for disjoined word-beginnings: uncontrolled C_ redistribute C unrestrained ~124 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. X oa 5 PHO CH Sore esrteeeeee eee naeUnit 29] GREGG SHORTHAND 125 UNIT 29 214. ANALOGICAL WORD-BEGINNINGS—DISJOINED (Continued) ee ee a a oe eis decl- Cece reece eeeeeceee incl- Paes Meret heeeette Joey me 2 2 7 7 Se mult 7 C Ce CL. con eo et ee en ea eae cet a me ONO OC COLL GY Post® G Ce ci & (a — Ke wee recl- See eee — 3 circum iar, G Sy Le C- Cp rT gand a “The prefix para is written above the rest of the word; post is written on the line close before the following character.126 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. X short, ship 0 7 ae x Supre susp, a suse scep 7 ine 2 : 2 2 under... a a a ne 215. KEY TO ANALOGICAL WORD-BEGINNINGS 1. agree, agreeable, agrecment, agriculture, aggravate, aggressive, dis- agrec, disagreeable 2. anticipate, anticipation, antagonize, antecedent, anterior. declare, declaration, decline, declined, declaim, declamation include, incline, inclination, inclined, inclusion, inclusive, inclement: magnify, magnitude, magnificent, magnet, McNeil. multitude, mulciple, multiply, multiplication over, overlook, overtake, overcoat, overthrow, overcome. paragraph, parallel, paramount, paradise, paralysis, parasite postage, postal, postmaster, postpone, postman. 10. recline, reclined, reclaim, reclamation, recluse. 11. selfish, self-confident, self-control, circular, circulation, circumstances, circus 12. grand, grandson, granddaughter, grandmother, grandfather. 13. short, shorter, shorten, shortage, shortly, shortsighted, shipshape, shipwreck, shipyard 14. superincend, superior, supervise, support, supreme, supremacy, superb, supersede. 15. suspect, suspected, suspicious, suspicion, susceptible, suspend, sus- pense, suspension. 16. transact, transacted, transaction, transfer, translation, transport, transfix. 17. under, understanding, undertake, understood, underneath, underline, underwrite weeyaveyUnit 29] GREGG SHORTHAND 127 216. ANALOGICAL WORD-BEGINNINGS—COM POUNDS self-interest unselfish un paralleled unsuspected self-control unsuspicious (Continued) a > eS ¢ Cc Qs WN a Ce 3 disinclined xy Ze disinclination a _ ros self-contradiction °~? 7 TZ, unsusceptible 0 LY untransacted ay unrestricted “SY 217, READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE Spe128 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. X Pe eeeeee ate etic ace came FAD FO Tuer C— 4 Bee ea eee ae tesa Ce.Unit 30] GREGG SHORTHAND 129 UNIT 30 PHRASING PRINCIPLES 218. The words misunderstand and misunderstood are expressed by stand’ and stood placed under més, with mis placed on the line of writing. This rule is extended to the words understand and understood when they are pre- ceded by a pronoun, a brief form,or a short phrase form: misunderstand ee T understand Q- misunderstood sz Ido not understand OO” I understood Q I cannot understand Za we understood 2 thoroughly understood x 219. The words extra, enter, over, under, short, center, counter, agree, grand are expressed by the prefixal forms placed over the next word: extra discount 2~* under consideration 25 enter the r extra fare a2 enter into aoa short time — over the o center line Ce under any hans agree with you o130 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. X 220. The word done is expressed by the den blend in many phrases: have done will be done tf has been done Zs would be done iE has done ee should be done i 221. In many phrases the word than is expressed by » quicker than —2—~— rather than ve better than (a nearer than = sooner than ae greater than = -—2_ — 222. Many useful business phrases may be secured by slightly modifying the form for ws: give us af? to us a tell us fe let us Ff. write us Ff mail us — 223. In many phrases department is expressed by a disjoined 4: credie department. —_g-~_ purchasing department Ye shipping department accounting department ~~Unit 30] GREGG SHORTHAND 131 Oe 224. In a number of phrases the word forms are modified or a word is omitted where the grammatical construction of the sentence would compel its restora- tion when transcribing: of course whether or not at once at all events at any rate to some extent great deal to a great extent Lalways to such an extent on hand at the same time as follows in other words whole lor once in a while one another in my opinion day's sight in the first place do you know as soon as possible great pleasure asa matter of fact Jo drew fa Ws Sis your order on account of the fact first class over and over 33 again132 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. X 225. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE , 27 2 Ee er 4 SO ESAT MET en OO yg 7 2 Ope geen cree eer eo oe & Beer cS 4 SEU Neer eee A => Peete Coen Al ee 2Unit 30] GREGG SHORTHAND 133 226. WRITING PRACTICE 1. The supreme test of his intelligent understand- ing of the transaction was revealed in his superior statement regarding it. 2. A shortage in the shipment was discovered by the sipendtendene who immediately took the matter up with his superior. 3. We suspect that the error in judgment was due entirely to his susceptible and unsuspicious nature, as well as to his shortsightedness. 4 We shall not overlook his tendency to overcharge our batteries, something that will be overcome by the simple expedient of giving the undertaking to McLain. 5. The instructor attempted to restrain his students from further controversy about the peculiar effects of electrolysis, to say nothing of the heated discussion about centrifugal and centripetal forces. 6. His disinterested attitude led to an unparalleled controversy. 7. Mr. McFadden seemed disinclined to enter into the agreement owing to the aggressive policy and the Superior air of the gentleman representing the Para- mount Overcoat Corporation. 8. The transfer of the contract may be easily effected, but I am inclined to think that it will be disadvan. ous. g. Both the interior and exterior finishes were designed by Mr. McLaren, of McLaren, McNamara & McIntyre. 10. The reconstruction of the dam was resisted by a multitude of citizens because of the extraordinary declivity of the adjacent walls of the cliff, which would necessitate much extra construction.CHAPTER XI UNIT 31 227. ANALOGICAL WORD-ENDINGS—JOINED pe ee ease a eee eee -scription Z ’ GQ ce, pa P Pion “COG ce Cogley -pute S 4a 4 Perrine Hee GCG F CG oo om a Po oF ape oe sual, tual go La eae % eg wie op 8 Go —p- 2 ae é cae Nore: Occasionally a disjoined prefix precedes a joined suffix, as in cir- cumspect, introspect, in which case the disjoined sign is written above. 34Unie 31] GREGG SHORTHAND 135 St ee tee ae -sure, -jury, jure Y , G —-— 7 -flect, -flection, “tice, tien “CO CZ a -sult a GE 2D -nmene* a 2 foe sass *The "jog" is omitted in the termination -nment. 228. KEY TO ANALOGICAL WORD-ENDINGS 1. subscribe, subscription, describe, description, inscribe, prescription. > ancient, patient, impatient, efficient, efficiency, deficient, deficiency 3. compose, composition, propose, proposition, suppose, supposition, dispose, disposition, oppose, opposition 4. repute, reputation, dispute, disputation, compute, computation, im- pute, amputation. 5. secure, picture, feature, nature, creature, departure. 6, actual, mutual, equal, eventual, continual 7. inspect, inspection, prospect, prospective, expectation, circumspect, inerospection 8. require, inquire, acquire, requirement, acquires. 9. expire, inspire, conspire, transpire, perspire, as JO. expensive, extensive, comprehensive, offensive, intensive, defensive 11, agency, emergency, exigency, urgency, contingency 12, assure, leisure, pressure, measure, treasure, injure. 13. reflect, reflection, inflict, infliction, conflict, confliction 14. insult, resul, consult, consultation 15. assignment, refinement, consignment, adjournment.136 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. XI 229. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE 4 eal tA a Or (7 x a a g bos “we Ae GP 4 eg 7A— > A ae 4 o J ¢ a Aa 7Unit 32] GREGG SHORTHAND 137 UNIT 32 ANALOGICAL WORD-ENDINGS—DISJOINED 230. In most of the disjoined word-endings the vowel preceding the ending is understood, as in art(i)cle, barn(a cle, dom(e)stic, cal(a)mity, extr(e)mity, auth(o)rity, sec(u)rity: Jieal,icl, 97 Ca / = eae -acle “ea —o Kg gogo lity Gee Ze Z_ oo vulace, eae as Ly wT, -ulation ie 7 7 aie C ao 2 Oe ot F2 -logy, -logical Eee re Go Po an foe f -fication FS 5 —? neat -ograph-y 2 Pe iL et CG canphy 22 2L pee OF -gram, ASD we ae ee -grim Soeea138 GREGG SHORTHAND __[Chap. XI ey Ge ip -hood wip Ce 8 OO FF ee a ee FP tity Yes? ee eed ostic C? or aes ae os A” a *In the words forward, afterward, upward, backward the suffix is joined; in other words, it is disjoined. 231. KEY TO. ANALOGICAL WORD-ENDINGS 1. article, practical, physical, musical, medical, technical. P politic, political, politically, critic, critical, critically. 3. personality, locality, formality, facility, utility. 4. formulate, formulation, speculate, speculation, regulate, regulation, 5. possibility, ability,’ sensibility, nobility, reliability, adaptability, visibility 6. capacity, simplicity, ferocity, tenacity, scarcity, sagacity, electricity. 7. psychology, apology, analogy, physiology, theology, zodlogy, gene- alogy, mineralogy. 8. authority, majority, prosperity, security, sincerity, popularity, minority. 9. classification, specification, modification, notification, qualification, justification 10. phonograph, photography, geography, lithography, stenography, typography, typographic.Unit 32] GREGG SHORTHAND 139 11. telegraph, telegraphy, telegrapher, telegraphic, calligraphy. 12. telegram, cablegram, radiogram, pilgrim, program 13. forward, afterward, upward, backward, reward, boyhood, neighbor- hood, childhood 14, friendship, kinship, worship, courtship, hardship, township, pare- nership. 15. fundamental, ornamental, supplemental, experimental, temperamental. 16. calamity, extremity, serenity, divinity 17. domestic, artistic, drastic, elastic, fantastic. 232, READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE z a1 OC. J ovr on Z = Bre aces eee sere Cae feceig eto §-7G 9 awe SY LY- Oo KL hoe ane & oA De ; tec Mee el |e La140 GREGG SHORTHAND {Chap. XI SS a eee eee AIIM ? Cee > PEE Eee Eee ga eae Ai ves © Coe we EO eee > CE REY > Be Cots ¢ 2 a a fee. 2 ce Devew bf 1477 > te fee op oeUnit 33] GREGG SHORTHAND 141 UNIT 33 INITIALS 233. As there is no context to initials, accuracy in writing them is of prime importance: A ° H 7 Oe Vv a BC I @ Po€ wis Cc 2 J / Q oc x y DY K +> Re ¥ @ Eo Lue $s 32 Zo FO ? Mi T « G “> N ~ Us 234, Many writers prefer to write initials in long- hand, and if this is done, a great saving in time may Be effected by writing them in small letters and joining the letters, thus: A. B. Smith Cc. D. Brown E. F. Jones Lin ho ¢h142 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. xr pee ee ee INTERSECTION 235. The expedient known as intersection, or the writing of one character through another, is sometimes useful for special phrases. In applying this expedient the writer must rely very largely upon his own judg- ment. In his daily work as stenographer or reporter he may find some terms peculiar to the business in which he is engaged occurring so frequently that special forms may be adopted for them that will be brief and yet absolutely distinctive. Very often the writing of one character through another will meet the exigency. The following are useful examples: Associated Press AD. ao e AM. eo Democratic party co P.M — Republican parcy e C.0.D, oe political party Ge price lise c— Baltimore & Ohio L (B. &O.) list price ee New York Central = —2-y vice versa L Michigan Central — bank draft 6 Ilinois Central wy order blank C endowment policy aUnit 33] Grand Trunk selling price market price Union Pacific School Board member banks curb market stock market Great Britain enclosed blank General Manager Assistant General Manager bills payable bills receivable Profit and loss Board of Trade GREGG SHORTHAND NE POAT WA al ty 6 & indemnity policy Canadian Pacific Northern Pacific application blank bond and mortgage chairman of the ar Federal Reserve Board Board of Managers Board of Manage- ment commercial paper account current chattel mortgage certificate of deposit commercial draft Board of Education PALTRY ph Chamber of Commercei444 GREGG SHORTHAND __[Chap. XI 236. READING- AND DICTATION PRACTICE Fae ae Pn Ade ae aan a wo Qo C1 te ee a a ins COOL. CEES eat enna tts IGA Seg eee he CRC ove © LYLE VF o/ 5 hay lg ee 7 91h n or ey be ae Cy re Aang Pape b PeUnit 33] GREGG SHORTHAND 145 237. WRITING PRACTICE 1 It transpired that he did not aspire to the office himself but was conspiring to overthrow the incumbent. 2. Intensive study of the actual conditions of the conflict ought to make it possible to prevent the re- currence of this emergency. 3. Without a considerable body of experimental data it is impossible to formulate physiological rules with reliability. 4 In the extremity, the sublimity and nobility of his character were revealed with inspiring clarity. 5. The floods were a national calamity in which thousands were injured, to say nothing of the financial losses inflicted on all the people in that territory. 6. It will probably require the services of many stenographers to answer all the inquiries about the branches of this extensive business, and I myself shall take care of those of great urgency. 7. One of the finest things a teacher can do is to inspire the student to make proper use of his leisure time, to give some time to reflection and thought. 8. Nobility of thought, adaptability of ideas, and generosity of nature - these are the fundamental requi- sites for those who would have the real rewards of life. 9. His phraseology seems to call for an apology on his part; the other members of the partnership were not backward in sending him a notification to that effect. 10. He employed all his great ability in writing an interesting article on the politics of this locality. As he wrote with authority, and had every justification for what he said, his article had a certain degree of popularity with the majority.CHAPTER XII UNIT 34 STATES AND TERRITORIES 238. The abbreviations used in the following list are those adopted by the Post Office Department: Ala oo Hawaii 9 Minn. = ——— Alaska Q_@, Idaho a Miss. + Ariz. Qe TL o_- Mo. pesenes Atk, Q—~ Ind “= Mont. = —-7 Calif. —Q_— Towa e Nebr. ie Colo. —c_— Kans. —_ Ney. Conn, Ky. = N. H. ae Del. Pe La. Ce NI 7 DC ve Maine ——~- N. Mex. — _ Fa C9 Md —“ NY 5 Ga. ve Mas. —@ N.C. oe Guam ~~o— Mich. —, N. Dak. YeUnit 34] GREGG SHORTHAND 147 Ohio © RL c@ «Vt 2 Okla A_2@ SC ze Va eT Oreg. oe S. Dak. sal] Wash. y Pa. 6 Tenn. 7 W.Va PL © Tex az Wis 2s PR © Unh #7 Wyo 2 PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES 239. The following names of cities are arranged in the order of their population: New York aaesany Boston Chicago a Pittsburgh Philadelphia o_O San Franciseo Los Angeles 4% Buffalo Detroit 2 Washington Cleveland ae Milwaukee St. Louis ee Newark Baltimore ie Minneapolis {if enres148 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. XI New Orleans Cincinnati Kansas City Seattle Indianapolis Se. Paul Portland Louisville Jersey City Rochester Toledo Columbus Denver Providence Houston Oakland Ems ( borat Pe ste ts Atlanta Akron Birmingham Omaha Dallas San Antonio Syracuse Worcester Richmond Memphis New Haven Dayton Norfolk Youngstown Hartford Fe. Worth oeUnit 34] GREGG SHORTHAND 149 Tulsa Grand Rapids Oklahoma City Bridgeport Miami Long Beach Des Moines Springfield Flint Paterson Scranton Erie Jacksonville Nashville Trenton Salt Lake City PAC ERLE Solo! Camden Fall River Wilmington Cambridge Yonkers Albany San Diego New Bedford Lowell Reading Duluth Elizabeth Canton EI Paso Spokane Tacoma PAC AC ASAD Sang het150 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. XII 240. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE Sea ey ees ee a eae oe a reece eae - G+, — 27- vig 2 2 fot Ao e PF Go wz~e Are,Unit 35] GREGG SHORTHAND 15 UNIT 35 NAME TERMINATIONS 241, The terminations burg, ville, field, port may generally be expressed by the first letter, joined or dis- joined as convenient; ford, by fa; ington, by a disjoined tn; and ingham, by a disjoined m: Harrisburg 7 Davenport B Petersburg a Newport z Fitchburg Shrevepore aA a Newburgh = Oxford Danville A Rockford —pQ Zanesville Milford ge Evansville Kensington Birmingham ee Nottingham a Pittsfield Plainfield 3 Knoxville Arlington Qu 7 (ait I 2 Nore: A distinction between ton and sown is made as follows: Johnston Johnstown Charleston Charlestown, bw be152 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. XII 242. The names of cities and states often may be joined: Buffalo, St. Louis, eee N.Y. Mo. Se. Paul, TC _-—— Rochester, N.Y. Minn. Boston, ae Baltimore, Mass. Md. Zt acai Detroit, a7 Memphis, =o TZ Peet Mich. Tena. Chicago, 7 e_- Louisville, mL. Ky. Denver, Minneapolis, Colo. Minn. Omaha, Washington, ve Nebr. D.C. “STATE OF’ JOINED 243. When the words “State of” precede the name of a state, omit of and join the words, if convenient: StateofN.Y. State of Mass eared State of Nebr. ee State of Pa. v4 Stare of Ii] State of La. nn Pere State of N. J. 7 State of Ga. J 7 State of Minn. eet State of Miss.Unit 35] GREGG SHORTHAND 153 244. CANADIAN PROVINCES AND CITIES Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Yukon N. W. Territories Labrador Newfoundland Brantford Calgary Go I Bef AL NY (Including Newfoundland and Labrador Edmonton Hamilton London Montreal Ottawa Peterboro Regina St. John Saskatoon Toronto Vancouver Victoria Windsor Winnipeg Saint John’s ) ee vf Pkt UC154 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. XU 245. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE (Cee eee eee ao 2s ea yp 2S eee eerie 2 pe ee heat Seer eee eat Hee See eee eee eer er ae Soe we ee & (ee Po ee eX 4, EE ae tae a, a 6 22 ee «o 97 # eet eet 6272 2Unit 36] GREGG SHORTHAND 155 UNIT 36 A SHORT VOCABULARY 246. This short vocabulary will be a valuable ad- dition to the equipment of every shorthand writer. Though many of these words are not of high fre- quency, it will be seen at a glance that they are of sufficient importance to warrant study. Many of them are written according to the abbreviating principle: accommodation ¢7-~” Adantic accompany 2 attach administration <— atcorney affidavit ra) attract afraid Co authoritative American oT automobile approval go B _ bankrupe architect a bookkeeper rama fi vecbs argument 7-4 bureau156 GREGG SHORTHAND (Chap. XII C Christmas corporation qe a citizen re coupon Zz civil J crop awa clerk panaaseenr) cultivace fed commerce —— curious r+ commercial ee deceive eee compare z defaule CL comparative s defendant OD eae t= ee consequence aa conclude aN designe A conclusion _ disagreement an congress = disappoint a connect a discuss pee conspicuous distinct a constitution a distinguish eee conversation 7 disturb CUnit 36] GREGG SHORTHAND 157 darts tte Ho headquarters | 3-7 E emphasize husband 2 ms energy 1 inasmuch 7 a English canal inaugurate, ge entitle aK independent, independence estate Z indispensable a exchange -, institute ~ execute 25 investigate ee F familie 2 -e jury L faule Zé L legislate A fortune 7 legislation 7 freight do legislative 7 fulfill SZ legislator ia nee G glorious = —__, legislature ZW God — likewise ce158 GREGG SHORTHAND literary literature locate luxury M manufacture merchant we we litigation 7 wee 3 — z messenger misdemeanor mortgage N neglect negligence negligent negotiate novelty O observe ~y S401 (Chap. XII obstruct obvious occupy, ‘occupation Pacific parcel partial passenger patron pactern persecute plaincift practical practice premium probability Property ON FOP IP} Pe APs QOUnit 36] prosecute publication punctual pupil push Q qualify R remainder resignation S salesman scarce secretary signature significant, significance silence specify specific GREGG SHORTHAND 159 CG. a é- L 2 oo society subsequent substituce succeed sympathy testimonial testimony text unavoidable universal variety verdict vote warchouse wholesale wife é a & a a a Sf BNW AN >160 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. XII 247. READING AND DICTATION PRACTICE ete ec eg 7270 ) 16 £6 -~ 20 -~ 100k eae OK KY as C7 ee One Mg A pan ey nie aaa a TA ed oer et Veoh > Bio ¢ Coe ale), oe _ (ae ee oe atte Gi eas ee ee | le | eet | ely |r fear ||fecee ooUnit 36] GREGG SHORTHAND 161 248. WRITING PRACTICE 1. Of the 61 aircraft-production establishments re- porting to the U.S. Department of Commerce in 1927, 15 were located in New York; g each in California and Michigan; 4 each in Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio, 3 each in New Jersey and Pennsylvania; 2 in Maryland and 1 each in Colorado, Connecticut, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. 2 There were 4,134 civilian-owned aircraft, includ- ing balloons, airplanes, and airships. California led with more than 600; New York second with 387; Illinois, 350; Michigan, 291; Texas, 261; Ohio, 231; Missouri, 216; and Pennsylvania, 212. 3. Air mail is rapidly securing the business that al- ways goes to the fastest method of transportation. Illustrative of the difference in transportation time between train and air-mail planes is the following schedule: New: York to San Francisco, train 83 hours, air mail 31 hours; Chicago to New York, train 20 hours, air mail 9 hours; St. Paul to Dallas, train 37 hours, air mail 17 hours; Boston to Cleveland, train 16 hours, air mail 8 hours; Los Angeles to St. Louis, train 60 hours, air mail 26 hours. 4. The average rise and fall of tide at the important American seaports is as follows: Baltimore, 1 foot, 2 inches; Boston, 9 feet, 7 inches; Galveston, 1 foot;162 GREGG SHORTHAND [Chap. XII New Orleans, none; New York, 4 feet, 5 inches; Phila- delphia, 5 feet, 2 inches; San Francisco, 3 feet, 11 inches; and Washington, D. C,, 2 feet, 11 inches. 5. The English lady was obliged to abandon her plan to celebrate Christmas on this side of the Atlantic with her son, who was a Junior at college. 6. It is obvious that failure to observe the terms of the mortgage constitutes a default in the agreement. 7. The well-nigh universal and wholesale use of the automobile has added greatly to the comfort and luxury of living. 8. The merchant notified his salesmen that all the goods stored in the warehouse were to be put on sale. g. Three classes of employees were affected by the notice—secretaries, bookkeepers, and general clerks. zo. In consequence of the disagreement between the plaintiff and his attorney, the jury heard no testi- mony that day. x1. It was a distinct disappointment to the distin- guished literary light not to be included on the pro- gram. 12. The messenger made a frantic effort to locate the parcel containing the testimonials regarding the texts.INDEX’ A Pe. Uae Abbreviating principle...... 23 2 illustration of... 192 25, not employed. 92 25, outline based on longhand abbreviation. ..........195 25 outline written through, accented syllable. . 96 25 consonant following ac- vol cented syllable 98 26 short words... -193 25 Affix (see Suffix) After, af as prefix. 2 4 Alphaber, facing page 1 (see «also Consonants; Vowels) initials 233, 234 33 Alter-, root form same though pronunciation changes.....183 23 Angles (see Circles) B Barrels, expressed by br.......204 27 Billion, expressed by b..... 204 27 Blends (see also Curves, com- binations), af, tive... v in phrases (er iheingS jetty Pe ec ccece 7 fengen of nn, mt, sovetoad, by nor 134 16 i... 136 16 ‘men, mem 7 3 mt, md 133 16 smment 27-31 not used because of insert ing vowel 155 19 nt, nd. 7 133 16 StS. 525 modi 325 Pa Blends (Continued), committee, 9 7 envelope, nevertheless, 18 ate, our, hour, 1 communicate, communi- especial, expect, 10 arrange, arrangement, 14 cation, 12 ever, 4 ay company, keep, 8 every, 4 nied complain-t, complete, 9 ace” excellent, excellence, atestioa, 16 complete, complain-t, 9 15 aware, where, 3 confidence, confident, 15 except, 15 consider, consideration, 14 expect, especial, 10 B copy, 16 experience, 12 correct, car, 12 explaia, 11 fe ber baceal correspond, correspond- express, 9 tia aa i because, cause, 5 baa) become, book, 8 country, 3 fall, follow, 11 bed, bad, 15 course, 7 far, favor, 5 been, bound, 4 cover, 15 favor, far, 5 before, 4 credit, 17 find, 13 I7t172 INDEX TO BRIEF FORMS first, 5 floor, flour, 9 flour, floor, 9 follow, fali, 11 for, 4 force, 10 form, from, 4 friend, friendly, 12 from, form, 4 full, 10 further, 11 future, 9 G gave, 6 general, 7 sgenclemen, 17 Biel, glad, 7 Bive, given, 6 Blad, gicl, 7 0, good, 1 gone, 11 good, go, 1 Bot, 6 govern, government, 10 great, 3 H have, 4 he, 1 his, is, 2 hous, our, are, 1 house, whose, 11 how, out, 13, hundred, 18 1 La immediate, immediately, 9 imporcance, important, 8. improve, improvement, 18 in, not, 1 inclose, 14 individual, 16 industry, 16 influence, 17 inquire, 13 inspect, newspaper, 18 instance, instant, 17 insure, insurance, 18 into, 3 invoice, 16 is, his, 2 ie.at, 1 K keep, company, 8 kind, 13 knowledge, 9 L let, letter, 6 letter, let, 6 light, 13 Hise, else, 12 like, 3 ede, 3 ong, 12 ook, 10, love, 8 M mail, 14 market, Mr., 2 matter, 5 merchandise, 18 mile, 13 mistake, mistaken, 17 more, ata, 1 morning, 6 most, 4 move, 17 Mr., marker, 2 much, 4 must, 5 my, 3 name, 6 nature, 11 necessary, 8 never, 4 nevertheless, envelope, 18 newspaper, inspect, 18 next, 6 night, 13 not, in, 1 nothing, 6 mnumber. 10 object, 14 oblige, 16 occasion, 18 of, 2 office, 9 official, 9 one, won, 4 opinion, 8 opportunity, onder. organize, organization, 15 other, 3 our, are, hour, 1 out, how, 13 over, 4 pare, 5 particular, 11 people, 4 perfecr, proof, 15 person, personal, 15 please, 14 pleasure, 18 pons, appoing, 13 Possible. 7 power, 13 prepare, 8 presence, present, 6 previous, 18 probable, 15 problem, 15 progeess, 14 roof, perfect, 15 public, publish, 5 publish, pablic, 5 purchase, 10 purpose, 7 put. 4 Q quality, 17 quantity, 18 question, 10 R railway, rule, 17 rather, 8 real, regard, 8 receipt, 16 receive, 7 recent, 12 record, 18 refer, reference, 16INDEX TO BRIEF FORMS 173 regard, real, 8 rece ela, 15 regular regrets 15 remark, rooms 1 Femember, 10 remit remitcance, 16 reply. report. Fepesene, 9 require, 13 respect, respectful, respect- ce response, responsible, reeurns 12 Fight write, 13 room, remark 10 rule falway, 17 s satisfactory, satisfy, 15 satisfy, satisfactory, 15 says, system, 5 school, skill, 20 send, 9 serious, 15 several, 7 shall, ship, 4 ship, shall, 4 should, 4 side, 13 sir, 2 situation, 7 skill, school, 10 small, 7 some, 5 soon, 6 speak, speech, special, 9 special, speech, speak, 9 spirit, 17 stand, 15 state, 7 still, 6 stock, 16 stop. 15, strange, 14 strength, song, 12 Strong. scengeb, subject, & success, 15 such, 5 sulficient, 18 suggest, suggestion, 16 suppose, 11 sure, 10 system, says, tell, till, 6 than, then, 2 thank, 12 thar, 2 the, 1 5 T their, there, 1 them, 2 then, than, 2 there, their, 1 they,’ thing, think, think, ching, this, 2 thorough-ly, three, 5 those, 3 thousand, 13, three, thorough-ly, 5 3 5 throughout, 14 till, tell, 6 time, 3 to, t09, two, together, 8 wold, 7 2 tomorrow, 17 t00, t0, two, trust, 14 truth, 3 WO, 100, to, unable, 16 under, 5 until,'6 2 2 u pon, 7 ae" sal, wish, 10 v value, 9 various, 14 very, 4 w want, 7 was, 2 weak, week, 9 week, weak, 9 well, will, i went, 7 were, 3 what, 3 when, 3 where, aware, 3 whether, 11 which, change, 4 while, 13 whose, house, 11 why, 13 will, weil, 1 wire, 13, wish, usual, 10 with, 2 without, 2 woman, 6 won, one, 4 wonder, 14 word, 11 work, 5 world, 11 would, 1 write, right, 13 x yes, 12 yesterday, 8 you, your, 2 young, 12 your, you, 2SOME GREGG PUBLICATIONS SHORTHAND (BASIC BOOKS) Gregg Shorthand Manual. Gregg Gregg Speed Studies, Gregg, “A combined textbook and. dictation course. A companion to the Mantial Graded Readings in Gregg Shorthand. Hunter. A rea to early dictation Gregg Speed Studies —Graded Readings in Gree Shorthand, Combined Edition. Gregg and Hunter Gregg Speed Building. Gregg. An advanced text for use upon the completion of the Manual . ‘Transcription Drills. Ross. An aid to the teacher of transcription Rational Dictation. McNamara and Markett. Designed to give the Student practise in the rapid application of the principles to new and unfamiliar words and phrases. Digect-Method Materials for Gregg Shorthand. Brewington and Soutter. 7 SHORTHAND (SUPPLEMENTARY) Gregg Shorthand Dictionary. Containing the outlines of neaely 17,000 words. The Gregg Shorthand Phrase Book Contains about 3.000 useful phrases. \ great aid in attaining speed Progressive Exercises in Gregg Shorthand, Tests students’ knowledge ‘of each lesson Word and Sentence of words, sentences, and letters il in the Manual, Atl'in type... Dictation for Beginners. Bisbee, Contains sentences and letters based on the prineiples of the Manual, Graded by units instead of by chap- ters. All in type ve Thousand Most-Used Shorthand Forms. Gree Arranged accord- ing to paragraphs in the Manual... Progressive Dictation, Wilson, Sentences and letters graded according to the thirty-six units of the Manual Short Business Letters for Dictation, Gross. Contains $80 short Tetters, none of which is over sixty words in length, All in type Intensive Exercises in Shorthand Vocabulary Building. Swem. Twenty scientifally constructed dictation exercises employing the 1,000 most-used_ words. Fundamental Drills in Gregg Shorthand. Beers and Scott. Sentences, paragraphs, letters, and articles in shorthand graded according to the units in the Gregg Shorthand Manual...... ; ng book adapted is in Gregg ‘Shorthand. “Market. Contains list istrating the principles asset orth SHORTHAND (FOR THE REPORTER) Gregg Reporting Shortcuts. Gregg, A collection of reporting phrases ‘and shortcuts compiled from the work of expert writers.....-.++. The Stenographic Expert, (Gregg Ecition.) Bottome. Adapted to Gregg Shorthand by John Robert Gregg Gregg Medical Shorthand Manual for «Stenographers, Secretaries, and Reporters. Smither... ..... : ee SHORTHAND (FOREIGN LANGUAGE ADAPTATIONS) Gregg Stenografie. (Gregg Shorthand adapted to Afrikaans.) Aucamp and. Scheepers Sedge ster es ealeet adele tate rteteaiee 1.50 1.20 eal 150 1.20 1.20 1.40 2.00 1.50 1.00 76 1.20 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00Sténographie Gregg. Senecal. An entirely new French adaptation of Gregg Shorthand Luathscribhinn Gregg. ( wage.) O'Brien... ‘Taquigratia Gregg. (Spanish adaptation of Gregg Shorthand). German Adaptation of the Gregg Shorthand Manual. Greenberg. Stenografja Polska, (Polish adaptation of Gregg Shorthand.) Wid- 150 Sregg Shorthand adapted to the Irish lange zowski 1.00 Tachygraphia Gregg. (Portuguese adaptation of Gregg Shorthand) Harter 1.00 Manuale della Stenografia Gregg. (Italian adaptation of Gregg Short- hand.) Aldworth and Giorgt feces 100 Gregg Shorthand Adapted to Esperanto. Jackson. 40 SHORTHAND (FOR THE TEACHER) Teaching Principles and Procedures for Gregg Shorthand. Skene, Walsh, and Lomax. A methods and source book for the teacher of Gregg’ Shorthand a seve 1.20 Daily Lesson Plans in Gregg Shorthand. Zinman, Strelsin, and Weitz 120 Teaching Gregg Shorthand by the Analytical Method. Frick. A teacher's methods and source book for elementary shorthand....... 2.00 Diagnostic Testing and Remedial Teaching of Gregg Shorthand, Rol- linson. A presentation of the modern method of testing and an adaptation to the testing of shorthand... 2.00 ‘The Teaching of Shorthand: Some Suggestions to Young Teachers. Gregg. Contains valuable hints on pedagogy and classroom methods 80 ‘The Teaching of Gregg Shorthand by the Functional Method. Leslie. 1.20 ‘The Basic Principles of Gregg Shorthand. Gregg. A complete scientific discussion of the fundamental principles of Gregg Shorthand......, 1.00 SHORTHAND (READING BOOKS) Alice in Wonderland. Carroll = 60 Letters of a Self-Made Merchant to His Son. Lorimer. B ‘The Diamond Necklace. de Maupassant 28 ‘The Man Without a Country. Hale............ B A Christmas Carol. Dickens...00...00.000cccccecceeeee 28 ‘The Great Stone Face. Hawthorne... 2B ‘The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Irving... . B Rip Van Winkle. Irving. 7 : B Hamlet. As told by Lamb. 2B Creeds of Great Business Men 2B SECRETARIAL PRACTICE Applied Secretarial Practice. SoRelle and Gregg. Test... 1.40 Laboratory Materials.........6... te 0 ENGLISH AND SPELLING ‘The English of Business, Complete. Hagar, Wilson, Hutchinson, and Blanchard. Text, $1. Work Book... ane 4” Correlated Studies in Stenography. Lawrence, McAfee, and Butler. A correlated course in shorthand, business English, and correspond: Business Letters: Functions, Principles, Composition. os. The case method of presentagion.... . seers 140Words: Their Spelling, Punctuation, Definition and Application. Second revised edition. SoRelle and Kitt....... TYPEWRITING Gregg Typing, Techniques and Projects. SoRelle and Smith, A new series of typing texts featuring the Rational method, introducing new pedagogic procedures. Gregg Typing, Book I. Completes the entire eyele of typing theory in periods... Gregg ‘Typing, Book II The advanced course, containing a second cycle of applied typing skill on a higher level of accomplishment. . Gregg Typing, Complete Course. 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