2. Polynomials Polynor ‘An expression of the form P(*) =ao + ax + azx" + ---- + anx" where an= 0 is called a polynomial in variable x of degree n.where; ao,a1, ~~~ anare real numbers and each power of x is a non negative integer. Ex. 2— 5x + 1 Is a polynomial of degree 2. Note: VX + 3is not a polynomial. © Apolynomial p(x) = a3 © Apolynomial p(x) = ax? 1,1-Sx+x ete © Apolynomial p(x) = ax? + bx? + cx +d of degree 3 is called a cubic polynomial. Ex. V3x9 — x + V5, x? — Lete. b of degree 1 is called a linear polynomial. Ex. 5x-3, 2xete bx +c of degree 2 is called a quadratic polynomial x. 2x" + x- Zeroes of a polynomial: A real number k is called a zero of polynomial p(x) if p(k) =0.lf the graphof y = P(®)intersects the X-axis at n times, then number of zeros of y=p(x) isn. ‘* Alinear polynomial has only one zero. ‘+ A Quadratic polynomial has two zeroes. * A Cubic polynomial has three zeroes Graphs of different types of polynomials : ‘* Linear polynomial :- The graph of a linear polynomial ax + bisa Straight line, intersecting X-axis at one point ‘+ Quadratic Polynomials (i) Graph of a quadratic polynomial p(x) = ax+ bx + cis a parabola open upwards like U ifa > 0 & it intersects x- axis at maximum two distinct points. SL fos" 1/1 = (ii)Graph of a quadratic polynomial p(x) = ax"+ bx + cis a parabola open downwards like 0 if a Ans. > Ifp (x) Sx+ then find sum and product of its zeroes. ‘Ans. Sum=15, Product x + 30is 6, Find the value of K. 3 = 3kx? 5, Ifthe sum of zeroes of a given polynomial f (x) 6. Find the zero of polynomial 3x + 4. 7. Write the degree of zero polynomial. Ans. Not defined. Level -2 1. Forma cubic polynomial with zeroes 3, 2 and -1. Hints/Ans.p(x) =x? — (a+ B+ y)x? + (af + By + ya)x — aby 2. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 6x* ~ 3 ~ 7x and verify the relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients. ‘Ans. Zeroes are 3/2 & -1/3. 3. For what value of k, (-4) is a zero of polynomial x* — x — (2k + 2)? Ana. ke8 4, Give an example of polynomials p(x), 9(x),q(x)and r(x) which satisfy division algorithm and deg.p(x) = deg. g(x) Ans.3x? + 2x44, x7, 3, 2xt4 5. Find the zeroes of 4u* + Su Ans. 0,2 6.Find a quadratic polynomial, whose sum and the product of its zeroes are 3, -5 Ans, x* 3x5 Level- 3, 1. Find the zeroes of polynomial x* ~ 2x°—x +2 Ans. -1,1,2 2. If the zeroes of the polynomial x* — 3x7 +x +1area—8, a, «+B. Find «and Ans.a = 1, 8 = ty2 3. Divide f(x) = 6x3 + 1127 - 39x — 65by g(x) = 7-14 ‘Ans. Quotient=6* + 5; Remainder= —38x — 60 4. Check whether the polynomial ¢* ~ 3 isa factor of polynomial 2t* + 3¢3 — 2¢7 — 9¢ — 12 by applying the division algorithm. Ans. Remainder=0, Quotient=2t? + 3t + 4, Given Polynomial is a factor.{Level -4) Obtain all zeroes of F(x) 13x7+32x +20 Ans. -1, -2,-10 - Obtain all other zeroes of 2x*-7x'-13x°+63x-45 , if two of its zeroes are 1 and3. Ans. 1,3, -3&5/2 9(x),the quotient and remainder were 2x and . On dividing 2x? + 4x? 45x +7 by a polynomi 7-5 respectively find 9(2)- Ans. x? + 2x+5, (PROBLEMS FOR SELF-EVALUATION) Check whether 9(x) = 3x — 2is a factor of p(x) = 3x? Ox + 12. . Find quotient and remainder applying the division algorithm on dividing p(x) = x°—6: o(x)=x-1. . Find zeros of the polynomial 2x* — 8x +6 . Find the quadratic polynomial whose sum and product of its zeros are= pO = 2xF = $2 . Find the zeroes of polynomial . If one of the zeroes of the polynomial 2x* + px + 4 = 0 is 2, find the other zero, also find the value ot p. . Ife and Pare the zeroes of the polynomial ix? + 4c+4 show thata* ~ f° k. 24nd the value of if 2°2 Bare the zeroes ofthe equation 6x? + x~2=0,find $+