Chng 3 S kt hp gia MPLS v DiffServ

Chng 3
S kt hp gia DiffServ v MPLS

3.1 Gii thiu

MPLS v DiffServ c nhng im kh tng ng. C 2 kiu u tp hp
cc lu lng ti bin v x l ti li, chng u c kh nng m rng. MPLS a
ra mt s li th phc v cc nh cung cp mng. Tuy nhin n khng c kh
nng cung cp cc cp dch v phn bit trn cng 1 lung lu lng. Do ,
MPLS v DiffServ l s kt hp hon ho, chng c th kt hp khai thc im
mnh ca mi cng ngh, ng thi khc phc nhng im yu ca nhau. S kt
hp gia MPLS v DiffServ nhm mc ch ln nht l kh thi cht lng dch v
im- im.
3.2 S kt hp gia MPLS v DiffServ
DiffServ hay MPLS c th c s dng a ra mt s dch v vi QoS
khc nhau. Bt k s nh tuyn no c th c s dng trong mng DiffServ
v cc cp dch v khc nhau ty vo mi khch hng, n ph thuc vo cc
im m (code point) khc nhau c gn vo cc gi tin ti cc nt DiffServ. Cc
mng MPLS c th c cu hnh a ra cc cht lng dch v khc nhau n
cc ng dn khc nhau xuyn sut qua mng. Nu c hai cng ngh c kt
hp, khi cc xut dch v DiffServ chun ha c a ra v MPLS c th d
dng iu khin theo cch m cc dch v ny thc thi. Vic iu khin ny c
ngha l cc dch v c xut s c phc v theo cc thng s QoS c
nh ngha trc [4]
3.2.1 DiffServ h tr MPLS
MPLS ch phc v cho cc dch v lp 3 v khng nh ngha mt kin trc
QoS mi. V th DiffServ c th h tr cho MPLS bng cch cung cp kin
trc QoS cho cc mng MPLS [4].
MPLS l c ch kt ni c hng, khi c s dng trong cc mng ng
trc, n c th c nng cp cho cc vn m rng, c bit vi RSVP-

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Chng 3 S kt hp gia MPLS v DiffServ

TE. Vic kt hp MPLS v DiffServ nng cp cc mng khng m bo iu

kin trn mi lung trong cc router li. Ch c iu kin trn mi LSP mi
c m bo. Nu khng s dng DiffServ m s dung IntServ trong mng
MPLS (khi c ngh trong bn d tho mi) th ch tn ph m bo
iu kin trn mi lung v trn mi LSP. Vi vic t hp LSP c th lm
gim s lng LSP
DiffServ c th cung cp cc dch v khc nhau trn mi lung lu lng.
Lc lu lng hp nht ca DiffServ khng ch lm gim ph tn iu
kin lung m cn tng kh nng thc thi ca MPLS trong vic gim bt s
nhn c qun l.
3.2.2 MPLS h tr DiffServ
Khi cc li kt ni xy ra, c tnh ti nh tuyn nhanh ca MPLS c th h
tr MPLS trong vic m bo cht lng dch v. D nhin vic cc ng
kt ni b t lin kt th khng xy ra thng xuyn hng ngy trong cc
mng ng trc
MPLS cung cp k thut lu lng cho DiffServ. C th hnh dung cc
ng dn khc nhau cho cc nhm PHBs khc nhau, ln chim ti nguyn
hay cc cp bo v khc nhau cho cc PHBs khc nhau..
Khi mun s dng DiffServ trong mng khng ng nht v cc mi trng
lp kt ni, v d nh trong cc mng ATM th MPLS vn l s la chn
hng u.
3.2.3 Cc c tnh khc so vi IP DiffServ
Khi so snh vi mng IP DiffServ th v c bn mng MPLS-DiffServ vn
khng khc g my. Cc thnh phn chc nng nh bng tha thun iu ha lu
lng TCA, PHB vn khng thay i. Cc router ti bin vn thc hin cc chc
nng phn lp (classification), nh du (marking), chnh sch (policing) v nh
dng (shaping). ng thi cc chc nng qun l b m cng nh lp lch gi tin
i trong mng theo thc thi PHB vn gi nguyn. im khc y chnh l cu trc

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Chng 3 S kt hp gia MPLS v DiffServ

ca node MPLS v vic chuyn tip gi tin , do n ko theo mt s thc thi

DiffServ khc so vi mng IP

Hnh 3.1 Minh ha nh x trng Prec/DSCP n EXP

Cc router LSR chuyn tip ch da vo header MPLS v trng m rng
EXP, do LSR khng nhn thy trc tip trng Prec/DSCP trn header IP. V th
cc thng tin DiffServ phi c chuyn vo trong MPLS header c m t nh
hnh 3.1.
Vn t ra y l trng DSCP l trng 6bit trong khi trng EXP ca
nhn chn MPLS li ch c 3 bit. Lm th no nh x t DSCP sang EXP?
Bng 3.1 s m t vic nh x gia DSCP v EXP

Bng 3.1 M t vic nh x gia trng DSCP v EXP

3.2.4 Cc dng ng dn LSP trong MPLS-DiffServ

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Chng 3 S kt hp gia MPLS v DiffServ

MPLS-DiffServ nh ngha 2 dng LSP vi cc c tnh v cch thc hot

ng khc nhau. Dng th nht l ng dn chuyn mch nhn c lp c suy ra
t trng m rng E-LSP (EXP-inferred-class LSP) c th vn chuyn nhiu lp
lu lng ng thi. Dng th 2 l LSP c lp c suy ra t nhn L-LSP (Labelinferred-class LSP) ch vn chuyn duy nht 1 lp lu lng. Chng ph thuc vo
nhiu c ch khc nhau m ha, nh du DiffServ cho cc gi tin. Cc dng
LSP ny yu cu cc cch thc bo hiu khc nhau v vic m ha DSCP cng khc
nhau, y l 2 lnh vc quan trng lm cho MPLS DiffServ khc vi cc c tnh
ban u.
3.2.4.1 E-LSP
MPLS DiffServ nh ngha E-LSP nh mt dng ca LSP m c th mang
nhiu lp lu lng ng thi. Cc router chuyn mch nhn LSR s dng trng
EXP trong header chn suy ra PHB m gi tin yu cu. Nh hnh 3.1 trng
EXP cha 3 bit, do mt ng E-LSP c th h tr 8 lp dch v, n c th
mang nhiu hn nu cc lp s dng nhiu lp con (v d AF1 c th s dng 2 hay
3 lp con). Hn th na, chng cng khng nh ngha bt k cu trc no trn
trng 3 bit. Cc LSR c th thit lp E-LSP vi vic d tr bng thng [7].

Hnh 3.2 nh x gia IP header vi MPLS shim header cho ng E-LSP

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Chng 3 S kt hp gia MPLS v DiffServ

Hnh 3.3 Mng MPLS s dng E-LSP

Hnh 3.2 biu din mt mng s dng cc ng E-LSPs. Trong trng hp
ny c 2 ng E-LSP gia 2 node A v D. Mng h tr 3 lp dch v : EF, AF1 v
AF2. ng E-LSP u tin mang lu lng EF, ng LSP th 2 mang tng hp
c 3 lp dch v. Theo cc nguyn tc ca E-LSP, tt c cc node thc thi PHB u
da trn gi tr trng EXP ca gi tin. Ch rng, mt s lu lng EF i theo
mt ng E-LSP, trong khi mt s li i theo ng khc. Node A c th chia nh
lu lng EF v node C ch vic phc v lu lng EF m khng cn phi quan
tm n vic LSP no mang lu lng EF.
MPLS DiffServ nh ngha cc c ch bo hiu nh x cho E-LSP gia cc
gi tr EXP v PHBs. Mt LSR kt hp cc nh x t EXP n PHB cho cc nhn
u vo v cc nh x PHB n EXP cho cc nhn u ra. Vic bo hiu l ngu
nhin v chim gi v tr khi thit lp LSP, khi vic nh x gia cc gi tr EXP
v PHB s c s dng

3.2.4.2 L-LSP

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Chng 3 S kt hp gia MPLS v DiffServ

MPLS DiffServ nh ngha L-LSP l mt dng LPS m ch c th vn

chuyn duy nht 1 lp lu lng. Cc router LSR suy ra lp dch v c kt hp
cng vi nhn ca gi tin t xc nh chnh xc PHB. Cc LSR s cp nht s
kt hp gia cc nhn L-LSP v cc lp trong sut qu trnh thit lp LSP. Vic bo
hiu s ch nh ng LSP nh mt L-LSP v nh r lp dch v m L-LSP s vn
chuyn. Ging nh E-LSP, cc LSR s thit lp L-LSP bi vic d tr bng thng
[6]

Hnh 3.4 nh x gia IP header v MPLS shim header cho ng L-LSP

Hnh 3.4 minh ha mt mng MPLS s dng cc ng L-LSPs. Trong
trng hp ny s c 4 ng L-LSP gia node A v D. Mng s dng 3 lp dch
v EF, AF1 v AF2. ng L-LSP u tin s mang lu lng AF2, ng 2 v 3
mang lu lng EF v ng cui cng mang lu lng AF1. Ch rng node A
chia nh lu lng EF trn 2 ng L-LSP. Node C s nhn ra dng lu lng EF
bng cch s dng cc nhn v phc v lu lng ny m khng cn phi xem xt
LSP no mang n ( c ngha l node s khng cung cp PHB trn mi L-LSP m
trn mi lp dch v).

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Chng 3 S kt hp gia MPLS v DiffServ

Hnh 3.5 Mng MPLS s dng L-LSPs

Vic s dng E-LSP v L-LSP trong cng mng MPLS s khng loi tr ln
nhau. Cc LSR s m bo ni dung ca nhn DiffServ. Ni dung ny chnh l loi
ng dn LSP (E-LSP hay L-LSP), cc i x PHBs m LSP h tr v nh x gia
vic ng gi tin vi mt PHB. i vi cc nhn u vo, vic nh x s ch ra cc
LSR c suy ra PHB nh th no. i vi cc nhn u ra, vic nh x s ch ra lm
th no LSR m ha PHB [6]
Hnh 3.5 minh ha mt mng MPLS s dng ng thi c L-LSP v E-LSP.
Trong v d ny, s c 2 ng E-LSP gia 2 node D v E v 2 ng L-LSP gia 2
node A v D. Vi mng s dng 3 lp dch v:EF, AF1 v AF2. Node C s vn
chuyn c 2 ng E-LSP v L-LSP. Node ny s dng ni dung ca nhn DiffServ
xc nh dng ng dn LSP v nh x chnh xc n PHB t gi tin. Cc
router LSR s phc v ng theo PHB m khng cn quan tm n dng LSP.
y, node A v E mi chng ch s dng mt loi ng dn LSP, nhng chng vn
c th s dng lun phin c 2 dng LSP i n node D.

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Chng 3 S kt hp gia MPLS v DiffServ

Hnh 3.6 Mng MPLS s dng ng thi c 2 E-LSP v L-LSP

3.3 Kiu chuyn tip nhn trong cc Router LSR DiffServ
Trn ng L-LSP cc tp hp c th bc c gn chung mt nhn FEC v
c chuyn tip trn cc ng LSP khc nhau, quyt nh hon i nhn cho
DiffServ LSR r rng ph thuc vo tp hp cc i x BA ca cc gi tin. Cng v
th m trng DSCP trong IP khng th p dng cho cc router LSR c, mt
router MPLS DiffServ hot ng khc vi mt router DiffServ khng MPLS. Vic
chuyn tip nhn ca DiffServ LSR gm 4 giai on sau
3.3.1 Xc nh PHB i vo
i vi ng E-LSP qu trnh nh x EXP-PHB c th c cu hnh ban
u hay c bo hiu tng minh trong sut qu trnh thit lp E-LSP. Khi vic
nh x ny s c LSR s dng xc nh i x PHB c gn trn cc gi tin
i vo.
i vi ng L-LSP, PHB c thit lp trong sut qu trnh thit lp ca
LSP. Do cc PSC c LSR nhn bit trn c s nhn v sau xc nh quyn

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Chng 3 S kt hp gia MPLS v DiffServ

u tin loi b gi bng cch nhn vo gi tr ca trng EXP trong nh x EXPPHB.

3.3.2 Xc nh PHB i ra
Mt router DiffServ LSR c th thc hin vic nh du, chnh sch v nh
dng trn cc dng lu lng i vo, c kh nng thay i cc PHB i ra kt hp
vi cc gi khng thch hp trong cc dng lu lng i vo. Do cc PHB i vo
c th khc vi cc PHB i ra.
3.3.3 Chuyn tip nhn
Mi LSR cn bit ni dung DiffServ ca mt nhn c lu tr trong
NHLFE cho mi nhn i ra. Ni dung ca DiffServ bao gm:
Dng LSP
Cc PHBs c h tr
nh x EXP-PHB cho cc nhn i vo
nh x PHB-EXP cho cc nhn i ra
Cc c tnh ang xt nh ngha mt ni dung DiffServ c lu trong nh x nhn
vo ILM (Incomming Label Map) ti thi im thit lp nhn cho mi nhn u vo
v n s c lu trong NHLFE cho mi nhn u ra khi c hon i v tho
nhn
3.3.4 Vic ng gi ca thng tin min DiffServ DS
i vi E-LSP, vic nh x EXP-PHB c th c cu hnh sn hay c
bo hiu tng minh trong sut qu trnh thit lp E-LSP. Router xc nh gi tr
ca EXP c gn vo trong nhn ca gi tin t vic nh x PHB-EXP
i vi ng L-LSP, thng tin lp lp lch PSC (PHB Scheduling Class) c
nhn mang i v c a ra trong sut qu trnh thit lp tuyn. Gi tr EXP c
gn l c xc nh bi vic tra cu nh x PHB-EXP
tng cng cc dch v khc nhau, cc LSR phi p dng cc i x
chuyn tip tng ng n cc PHB c h tr

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Chng 3 S kt hp gia MPLS v DiffServ

3.4 Cc kiu thc thi

MPLS khng phi l kiu ng hm IP, nn khi ng gi, header c nhm
MPLS ch khng phi l IP header. Tuy nhin MPLS vn l mt dng ng hm
v c nhng im tng ng vi cc ng hm IP nh:
Cc node trung chuyn dc theo ng LSP hot ng ch da trn c s cc
thng tin ca router DiffServ
Cc LSP u theo mt hng duy nht
Hai nh ngha c th p dng c cho MPLS DiffServ vi 1 s thay i
nh l kiu ng ng (pipe) v kiu chun (uniform).
Trong kiu ng ng, cc ng hm MPLS i qua cc node MPLS trung
chuyn v mang ni dung ca DiffServ. V c 2 loi thng tin DiffServ cn cc gi
tin trong ng hm chuyn i: mt l thng tin c ch cho cc node trung chuyn
trong ng LSP (LSP DiffServ), th 2 l thng tin c ngha nm ngoi LSP
( tunneled DiffServ)
i vi kiu ng ng, thng tin DiffServ cn c chuyn n LSP u
ra, v th n c th p dng i x chuyn tip cng vi thng tin tunneled DiffServ
nhng thng tin tunneled DiffServ khng n node u ra.
Router LSR thc hin vic xc nh PHB i vo v m ha thng tin
DiffServ theo cch di y:
Khi nhn c gi tin cha c gn nhn, LSR thc hin xc nh PHB i
vo nm trn IP header nhn c
Khi nhn c gi tin c gn nhn, LSR thc hin xc nh PHB i
vo trn trng nhn ca ngn cha nhn nhn c. C th l khi hot ng
tho nhn c thc hin i vi LSP xt n, th LSR thc hin xc nh
PHB i vo trc khi tho nhn.
Khi thc hin hot ng gn nhn cho ng LSP, LSR s:
M ha thng tin DiffServ ph hp vi PHB i ra trong trng nhn
chuyn tip tng ng vi nhn c gn vo

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Chng 3 S kt hp gia MPLS v DiffServ

M ha thng tin DiffServ ph hp vi PHB i vo trong header c

ng gi (trng nhn hon i hay IP header)

Khi thc hin hat ng hon i nhn trong LSP, LSR s m ha thng tin
DiffServ trong trng nhn chuyn tip bao gm c nhn c hon i
Khi thc hin hot ng tho nhn trong LSP, LSR khng thc hin m ha
thng tin DiffServ
3.5 V d
Kho st mng MPLS-DiffServ di y: gi s lung lu lng ng vi
dch v EF s i t S1 n D1 v lung lu lng vi dch v AF1 s i t S2 n
D2. Qu trnh hot ng c m t nh sau
Da vo thng tin DiffServ trn header IP, ban u cc LSR s xc nh
thng tin PHB v t thit lp cc ng E-LSP v L-LSP. trong v d
ny lung lu lng EF s i trn ng E-LSP v AF1 s i trn ng LLSP
Khi cc gi tin i n cc router bin LSR, chng s c phn lp ph hp
vi cc trng trong header c thc hin bi b phn lp
B nh du DS s thit lp 6 bit trong trng DS ln tng ng vi lp BA
ca gi tin, v d nh vi PHB l EF s c thit lp l 101110, AF1 l
001010. ng thi ti router LSR2 s thc hin hot ng gn nhn cho gi
tin v thc hin sao chp 6 bit ca trng DSCP vo 3 bit ca trng EXP.
y gi tin t S1 n D1 s c gn nhn vo l A v nh x EF thnh 101
v gi tin t S2 n D2 s c gn nhn vo l C, nh x AF1 thnh 001.
Vic nh x ny c tra trong bng PHB-EXP
Sau khi c nh du, cc gi tin s c b lp lch xp hng v gi i
trong mng, ng thi thc hin hon i nhn, nhn A s c hon i
thnh B v C s thnh D, vic chuyn tip gi tin thc hin ch da trn
nhn. Ti y cc gi tin c th b loi b nu gi tin nm ngoi hin trng
ca lu lng (i vi EF) hoc c th c nh du li (i vi AF)

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Chng 3 S kt hp gia MPLS v DiffServ

Khi cc gi tin i n router Egress LSR4 hot ng tho g nhn xy ra

ng thi c nhim v phn loi cc gi tin theo, nh x EXP thnh PHB,
thc hin cc c ch hng i tong ng vi mi lu lng sau y gi
i n ng a ch ch

Hnh 3.7 V d minh ha hot ng ca mng MPLS-DiffServ

3.6 Kt lun
Nh vy trong chng ny trnh by cc khi nim v mt s th tc cn
thit khi tin hnh kt hp DiffServ v MPLS. Vic kt hp ny khai thc c
ng thi c u im ca DiffSer v MPLS trong vic m bo cht lng dch v
QoS. c th hiu thm v hot ng cng nh li th s kt hp ny, trong
Chng 4 s i vo m phng v nh gi li th ca n.

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