Khoa K thut & Cng ngh

Hi tho Khoa hc ln 3 - 2010

MNG BNG PHI C THIT K NH TH NO

GVC.ThS L Anh Hong
Khoa K thut & Cng ngh - Trng H M TpHCM

Mng bng l gii php s dng ph bin cho cng trnh. Mc d ngy nay my tnh h tr
rt nhiu cho vic tnh ton, nhng vn cn mt s kh khn, chng hn nh vic xc nh
H S NN, hay la chn sao cho hp l kch thc ca mng.
4.

CNG V S LM VIC CA MNG BNG:

cng (hay cn gi mnh ) c xc nh bng tch s:

C .B
.L = (4 Z ).L
[1]
4.E.I
Trong : L-chiu di mng (m)

E,I-Modun v monent qun tnh ca tit din ngang ca mng

B-B rng mng (m)
Cz- H s nn (kN/m3)
C nhiu phng php xc nh h s nn, ta c th dng cng thc:
C z ( kN / m 3 ) = 40.(HSAT).p a ( kPa)

[2]

trong pa- ga tr s dng ca nn

pa =

p gh

[3]

(HSAT)

pgh-ti trong ph hoi gy nn ln S=2.54cm

Nh vy cch n gin nht l
H s nn c th suy ra trc tip t p lc s dng ca mng p theo cng thc:
CZ(kN/m3)=(100150)p(kPa)
Ty theo ga tr ca .L m mng c phn loi nh sau:
.L

= 0,785 : mng tuyt i cng, ng sut phn b di y mng theo quy

4

lut ng thng, ta c th hon ton s dng bi ton tuyt i cng trong trng hp ny

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Khoa K thut & Cng ngh

Hi tho Khoa hc ln 3 - 2010

= 0,785 .L = 3.14 : mng cng mt phn, trng hp ny ch xy ra khi ta c

4
mng kp (di 2 ct) khi ta c th tnh nh gn ng nh tuyt i cng nhng kt qu s
sai lch khi ct ngay ti bin mng
.L = 3,14 : mng dng mm, d un, kt qu tnh ton theo iu kin tuyt i
cng sai lch nhiu cn thit phi tnh ton theo h s nn CZ, Tuy nhin ni lo trong trng
hp ny gi tr CZ c la chn nh th no c ng loi t nn hay khng.
Ngi thit k c xu hng c gng tha iu kin u tin phn lc di y mng phn b thng
tn dng kh nng lm vic ca nn (phn lc s u khi trng tm lc trng vi trng tm mng) trong khi
tnh theo h s nn phn lc di y mng chnh lch nhiu, khng ng u thm ch c lc gp 3 ln. Tuy
nhin tha c iu ny i hi chiu cao mng rt ln, th d mng di 8 mt, chiu cao dm >1,5 mt,
ng thi mt s trng hp nht l khi c ti ngay ti bin mng.

5. LA CHN KCH THC MNG

Mc tiu t ra cho ngi thit k l lm th no ng sut phn b di y mng
theo ng thng v gn nh u, kinh nghim thit k ca tc gi l s chnh lnh ny
cn thit khng qu 25%. iu ny rt l quan trng cho nn t loi yu v c bit cho
nn gia c c BD
C z = 2 0 .0 0 0 k N / m 3
C z = 4 0 .0 0 0 kN / m 3
BD
L=8 met
trm. i vi 2.4
3.3
L=8 met
cc loi t 2.2
L=7 met
2.9
thin
nhin 2.0
L=7 met
bnh
thng 1.8
2.5
L=6 met
khc
hin 1.6
L=6 met
2.1
tng tng kh 1.4
L=5 met
nng chu ti 1.2
L=5 met
1.7
L=3 met
trong qu trnh 1.0
L=3 met
1.3
nn cht vn 0.8
L=2 met
L=2 met
thng xy ra, 0.6
0.9
v khi mt
3
3
2
1
phm vi cc b
BM 4
1
2
BM 4
no c ng
C z = 5 .0 0 0 k N / m 3
BD
C z = 1 0 .0 0 0 k N / m 3
BD
sut kh ln 1.6
L=8 met
1.6
L=8 met
hin
tng 1.4
1.6
L=7 met
L=7 met
phn b li ng
1.6
1.2
sut s duy tr
L=6 met
1.4
L=6 met
c s n 1
1.2
L=5 met
nh ca nn , 0.8
L=5 met
1
ngc li i
L=3 met
0.6
L=3 met
0.8
vi nn gia c
L=2 met
0.4
c trm ln
0.6
L=2 met
ti vng c ng 0.2
0.4
sut ln cng
3
1
2
4
3
1
2
4
khng lm tng
sc chu ng ca cc trm ni v hin tng phn b li ng sut kh c th xy ra. Kinh
nghim cho thy khi thit k nh phi x l c trm , hin ln lch xy ra khi khng gii
quyt c phn lc qu ln ngay ti mp mng.
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Khoa K thut & Cng ngh

Hi tho Khoa hc ln 3 - 2010

Chn L tha iu kin tuyt i cng i hi chiu cao dm kh ln, thc t ta vn c

th chp nhn ly L</2=1,57 cho iu kin tuyt i cng, iu ny chp nhn c cho
nn loi trung bnh, Tnh ton nhiu trng hp chng ti nhn thy rng vi vi L <1,16
kt qu cho ra chnh lch ng sut khng ng k (<10%) T iu kin ny chng ti thit
lp mi tng quan gia chiu cao dm mng H theo b rng mng Bm v h s nn Cz.
Quan h trn c thit lp trn c s ly modun mng E=26,5106 kN/m2, J mng ly
B
theo dng ch T ngc vi b rng B m (b rng ny khng hp l khi Bm >2mt),
5
chiu cao bn mng ho=b rng b gim bt thng s khi tnh ton.
T tc gi thit lp mt quan h n gin hn cho H theo chiu di L v h s nn
C z:

C (kN / m3 )
H = 0,06.(L 1,125). z
+ 0,22L 0,33
[5]
10.000
Vi chiu cao mng H kh ln gi tr trn c th gim xung c 75%, khi s chnh
lch p lc di mng khong 20%25% vn cn thch hp khi nn thin
B =B /5
L: Chieu dai mong bang
Be rong a
nhin tt, nhng bt li cho nn yu hay
A
nn cc trm, v khi H gim xung
V
H
60% bt li hon ton cho c hai: nn
V
ho
E=26,5x10 kN/m
v mng, ng sut chnh lch kh ln
J
Be rong Mong
tp trung nhiu ti bin c ti trong,
B
khng lm gim moment ti nhp m
C tram D80-100 dai 4.5 m hay at nen trung bnh mem co
hm lng st li tng cao do chiu cao
C =15000 kN/m
nh (xem kt qu bn di).
TNG QUAN CHIEU CAO A MONG HD THEO BE RONG MONG B
m

Chieu cao
a

CHO MONG BANG TREN NEN TRUNG BINH THOA K TUYET OI CNG

L=6m
Ring i vi nn c trm chng ti
1,8
L=5m
1,6
thit lp mi quan h trn c s chn h
1,4
s nn t nhiu kt qa ca TN nn tnh
L=4m
2
1,2
ca bn nn 1m l Cz(0)=15000-18000
1,0
3
kN/m v chn 15000 tnh km theo
L=3m
0,8
cng thc quy i ca Terzaghi:
0,6
L
0,4
(
+ 0,5)
0,2
1
Bm
C z = C z ( 0)

[6]
0
Be rong mong 0,6
Bm 1,5 ( L )
Bm
Kt qa cho bi biu
Kt qu cho thy vi mng di trn 8m
khi b rng mng 2m th chiu cao phi
l >2m iu ny kh thc hin t vi
nhng mng bng di hn nh th ny nu
chiu cao mng ch ly trung bnh 1,5m th
khng th no tnh theo cng thc tuyt i
cng c.
Xt trng hp sau:
P1=420 kN, P2=620, P3=380 kN
380
620
420

4,5 m

L=7m

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4 1,6

1,8

2,0

2,2

2,4

2,6

2,8

5,5 m

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3,0

Khoa K thut & Cng ngh

Hi tho Khoa hc ln 3 - 2010

Vi L=10m v Bm=1,5 chiu cao s rt ln khng chp nhn c, ta ly

H=0,8m
Trong trng hp ny ta 2 kt qu tnh khc nhau rt nhiu:
Phng php tnh Phn lc
Moment
Tuyt i cng
9093 kPa
487 630
H s nn CZ
72146 kPa 375 478
Ring i vi phng php tnh theo h s nn phn lc nn chnh lch gp i iu
ny dn n bt li vt qu kh nng n nh ca nn
Gii php ti u cho kt cu mng l cn thit phi ko di 2 u bin ra khi chn ct
mt on gn bng nhp bn trong, kt qu ta s thy moment s gn nh nhau, phn lc
khi
tnh
theo
h s
nn s
khng
chnh
lch
qu ln tin gn n bi ton tuyt i cng, v mt iu rt quan trng l vi kch thc
mng nh trn nu ta thay i gi tr ca h s nn th kt qu gn nh khng thay i .
6. KT LUN:
Khi gii quyt bi ton mng bng khng ngoi mc ch lm phn tn ti trng cng
trnh nh i di din tch mng, ni chung nu c th ng sut ny phn b theo ng
thng th tn dng kh nng chu ti nn tt hn v trnh c s ln lch nh trong nhng
trng hp c ct bin. Ngoi vic lm tng cng ca mng vi kch thc H ln ta c th
chn chiu di mng sao
cho kt qu 2 cch tnh hi
t li nhau v khi t c
iu ny th vn v h s
nn khng cn l tr ngi
trong la chn tnh ton
na.
Tuy nhin cng cn
mt tr ngi na l nhiu
trng hp khng th ko di c 2 u mng bng nh khi chng ta xy chen. Nhng
trng hp ny thc t cng khng khng xy ra cho nhiu ct ti a cng ch c 4 ct v di
khong 10m khi iu ng quan tm l phn lc di y mng chn lch rt ln. Khi
ta c th x l bng cch thay i b rng ca mng
Mt iu cn ch na l khng nn xem mng bng nh l dm lt nguc cho d c
c s phn b ng sut di mng u. Phng php ny hon ton sai bi v trong dm
cc gi ta th c nh, ch c chuyn v ti nhp,. Cn khi mng, ti v tr ti trng ni
c xem nh l gi ta u c chuyn v nh l nhip nn cho ra biu moment hon ton
khc.

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