Appendix B

Answers to the Problem Sets

CHAPTER 1
1. 1.78 x 10"8cm =
1.78
2. 18ppb
3. - l k g o r - 2 lb
4. 103 g/m3
5. -100
6. 3.9 g
7. 3.4 xlO4 tonnes
8. 2.1 tonnes/day
9. 0.14 tonnes
10. -100 g
11. 3.8 x 106molec. c m 3
12. No (should be about
-2000 trees)
13. -100 years
14. 3.2 x 107 tonnes from
tires; 3.1 x 1012
tonnes is current load
15. -300,000
16. lppth = -10,000
drops; 1 ppm = -10
drops; 1 ppb = ~0.01
drops
17. 1015 molecules/cm2
18. 300 ft on a side; 109
km2
19. CH4 + 2 0 2 ^ C 0 2 +
2H 2 0; HSO3- + H 2 0 2
-> S0 4 2 " + H+ + H 2 0

CHAPTER 2
1. -10 6 tires; 1/200
2. - 3 x 108 molecules
3. 80 kg; 2.1 years
4. 0.48 ng/L
5. 160mg/year
6. -15 years
7. 0.1-1 ppm, assuming
fish weigh 1 kg and
bear weighs 1000 kg
8. 2.1 h
9. 91%
10. 680 m3
11. April 1,2020
12. 0.60 year
13. 0.18 year
14. 8.4 years; 0.88 ppt
15. 0.20 year
16. 0.19 year"1
17. 1.7 years
18. 87 ng/L and 63 ng/L
19. Vs = 0.47 mg/min, Ks
= 0.082 %
20. C0 = 16.5 ppm, k =
0.145 year"1; Cmax =
0.819 ppm, k = 1.00
year"1; Fs = 598
mmol/L-sec, Ks =
7.61 mmol/L; Co =
23.9 ppq,= 0.0966

Elements of Environmental Chemistry, Second Edition

Ronald A. Hites, Jonathan D. Raff
2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2012 by John Wiley & Sons.

326 Elements of Environmental Chremistry

year 1 ; Cmax = 58.0
ppm, k = 0.0674
week"1; Cmax = 8.01
ppm, k - 0.196 year-1
21. 1995.8, 1997.8; 1.91
ppm, 1.26 ppm; 0.309
ppm, 0.202 ppm;
83.8%, 84.0%; 0.150
year"1, 0.180 year"1;
4.63 years, 3.86
years; the decrease in
the paper = 67.6%
CHAPTER 3
1. 266, 40, 480 kJ/mol
2. 244, 684, 578, 493,
285 nm; stratosphere,
troposphere, troposphere, troposphere;
stratosphere
3. 2950 ppm
4. ~4 days
5. 1018-72;101700molecules cm"3
6. 11 days
7. 51 s
8. 3.6ppb/h
9. 2200 Tg
10. 1380Tg/year
11. 55ppb
12. 160ppb
13. 1.7 s
14. ~4ppm
16. 9.0 x 109molec. cm"3
17. l O ^ m o l e c c n r V 1 ;
10 578 molec. crrfV 1 ;
2.7 days

18. 99% lost to skin

19. 1%, 24%
20. 5.6 0.5 years; 0.260
0.040 year"1; 4.1
0.2 year; 8.7 xlO5
molecules cm"3
CHAPTER 4
1. +0.79 K
2. 290.73 K
3. -3.88 K
4. 400-600 nm; 16,70025,000 cm"1
5. 9800
6. No, if she was truthful, the expected concentration would
have been 50 g/L
7. -3.1 K
8. +0.0095
9. 2.2 x 1011 kg/year
11. 89%
12. CH 3 F,CO,NO
13. 7.2 m; 75 m
14. r2 = 0.81 between
ring width and temperature
15. See footnote 14
16. 0.61,0.94
17. Maximum C2H5OH
cone. 2.93%
18. 0.0017 mM^hr" 1
CHAPTER 5
1. 7.56,8.34, 10.33
2. 3.91
3. 9.6 ppm

Appendix B 327
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.

7.7 mg/L
8.13
8.16
9.8 10 _7 M,7.6x
10"5M
= -0.076 pH units
59 ng
180ng/L
377 mg/L
98ppm
1.1 Tg/year
2.1 ppb, 0.83 ppb
0.4 h -1
0.74 cm
1.7xl0 7 molecules/cm3
7.6 mg/L
Additional 1.1 mg/L
of 0 2 is needed

CHAPTER 6
1. 4.1cm 3
2. 2.7 kg; 30 mg
3. Yes
4. 43 mg
5. 31 days
6. 21 ppb; 15 days; 69
days
7. 1.8 ng-cm~2year_1
8. 5.54; 2400 ppm
10. 1.64 x 107 molecules
c n T V 1 ; 104 s
11. 185 kg/year
12. r2= 0.991 without the
outlier
13. 4.8 ng-cm -2 year -1
14. 2.2ng/L

15.
16.
17.
18.

34 ppb
20.6 g/L; 57 days
-300 m; Jacques
- 3 x 104 atoms

CHAPTER 7
1. 1.2 ppm
2. A factor of 48 more
lipophilic
3. 4.23,3.62,3.25,3.01,
2.64, 2.27
4. 17 /L
5. -0.016 n g n f V 1
6. 9.6 x 10" 4 cms _1 ;6.3
m s_1,
7. 0.72, 1.85 cm h"1,
740ngm" 2 h _1 ,97
days; 600ngm~ 2 h _1
8. 3 x 1010m3year_1; 16
ng cm -2 year-1
9. 0.0022
10. 290 ppm; 1.8 h; 69
ppm
11. 48ng/g = 48ppb
12. 26 times higher for
the pentachloro congener
13. 6 x 105
14. 14 g
15. 0.39 tonne/year
16. 190 ppm; 2.9 days;
40 ppm
17. 238 kg/year; 2.6
ng/L;4.91
18. 2.4 years
20. 181 mmol/kg; 0.035
L 1