...

Chemical element

116 2004 91




][1
.

][

1
o

1.1

1.1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.4.1

States of matter 1.4.2

1.4.3

= 1.5

1.5.1

1.5.2

1.6

2
o

2.1

2.2 )(

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.5.1

2.5.2

2.5.3

5.1

5.2

5.3

6 118

10

. H2
O2 H2O .
compound .

. H2O2

16
.

:
0.574 .
1/1
1.742=1.000/0.574 . 1.742
. 1.742
1 .
1.742 1.000 2.000 1.148

3.484 2.000 =1.000/0.574

.1.742=3.484/2.000=2.000/1.1148=1.742/1.000

:
1803
.

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FeS ,(II)
1 .1 .
.

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22.98977 .
.

23106.02 ][ .
.
. 10.5
)( 10.5 ) (.

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H2O 122
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isotopes
16 17 18
.8


States of matter

IVA
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) . < 3500(
)120-
( N2
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=
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Periodic table:
.

.

.

.
.
.
.


. :

. .

.
.
.
.


mass number
.A Z
.8 .

.
)(
ionization potential

. .

.
..

.
.
) (.

.
.
.

List of chemical element name :
etymologies

 .
.Z ) Z =1 (Z= 92 Z = 23
Tc Z= 61 Pm .
) ( Z= 93
. Z= 118
.

the listing of current and not used Chemical
symbols, and other symbols that look like chemical
symbols .List of elements by symbol
N
) ) (e- ( .
Z
.

Estimated distribution of dark matter and dark

energy in the universe. Only the fraction of the mass
and energy in the universe labeled "atoms" is
.composed of chemical elements

Abundances of the chemical elements in the Solar

system. Hydrogen and helium are most common,
from the Big Bang. The next three elements (Li, Be,

B) are rare because they are poorly synthesized in

the Big Bang and also in stars. The two general
trends in the remaining stellar-produced elements
are: (1) an alternation of abundance in elements as
they have even or odd atomic numbers, and (2) a
general decrease in abundance, as elements become
heavier. Iron is especially common because it
represents the minimum energy nuclide that can be
.made by fusion of helium in supernovae
Parts per million
by mass
739,000

Elements in our galaxy

240,000

10,400

4,600

1,340

1,090

960

650

580

440

Sulfur

210

100

Periodic table (dietary elements):

Mendeleev's 1869 periodic table

Henry Moseley
.
.
.

 .

Timeline of chemical elements discoveries :

.

.


.



.
molecules .

.
.
1875 1910

.

118

Atomic
.no
1

Name

State

at Block

STP

Gas

Primordia
l

Non-metal

Noble gas

Primordia
l

State

at Block

STP

Atomic
.no

Name

Gas

18

He

Alkali Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Li

Alkaline
Primordia
earth
Solid
l
metal

Be

Metalloid

Primordia
Solid
l

13

Boron

Non-metal

Primordia
Solid
l

14

Non-metal

Primordia
l

Gas

15

Non-metal

Primordia
l

Gas

16

Halogen

Primordia
l

Gas

17

Fluorine

Noble gas

Primordia
l

Gas

18

Ne

10

Alkali Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Na

11

Alkaline
Primordia
earth
Solid
l
metal

Mg

12

Metal

Primordia
Solid
l

13

Al

13

Metalloid

Primordia
Solid
l

14

Si

14

Non-metal

Primordia
Solid
l

15

15

Non-metal

Primordia
Solid
l

16

Sulfur

16

17

Cl

17

Halogen Primordia

Gas

State

at Block

STP

Atomic
.no

Name

l
Noble gas

Primordia
l

Gas

18

Ar

Argon

18

Alkali Primordia
Solid
metal
l

19

Alkaline
Primordia
earth
Solid
l
metal

Ca

20

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Sc

Scandium

21

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Ti

22

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Vanadium

23

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Cr

Chromium

24

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Mn

25

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Fe

26

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Co

27

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

10

Ni

28

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

11

Cu

29

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

12

Zn

30

Metal

Primordia
Solid
l

13

Ga

Gallium

31

Metalloid

Primordia
Solid
l

14

Ge

Germanium

32

State

at Block

STP

Name

Atomic
.no

Metalloid

Primordia
Solid
l

15

As

Arsenic

33

Non-metal

Primordia
Solid
l

16

Se

34

Halogen

Primordia Liqui
l
d

17

Br

Bromine

35

Primordia
l

Gas

18

Kr

36

Alkali Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Rb

Rubidium

37

Alkaline
Primordia
earth
Solid
l
metal

Sr

38

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Yttrium

39

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Zr

40

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Nb

41

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Mo Molybdenum

42

Transition
Transient Solid
metal

Tc

Technetium

43

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Ru

Ruthenium

44

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Rh

Rhodium

45

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

10

Pd

Palladium

46

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

11

Ag

Silver

47

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

12

Cd

Cadmium

48

Noble gas

State

at Block

STP

Atomic
.no

Name

Metal

Primordia
Solid
l

13

In

Indium

49

Metal

Primordia
Solid
l

14

Sn

Tin

50

Metalloid

Primordia
Solid
l

15

Sb

Antimony

51

Metalloid

Primordia
Solid
l

16

Te

52

Halogen

Primordia
Solid
l

17

53

Primordia
l

Gas

18

Xe

Xenon

54

Alkali Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Cs

Caesium

55

Alkaline
Primordia
earth
Solid
l
metal

Ba

56

Lanthanid Primordia
Solid
e
l

La

57

Lanthanid Primordia
Solid
e
l

Ce

Cerium

58

Lanthanid Primordia
Solid
e
l

Pr

59

Lanthanid Primordia
Solid
e
l

Nd Neodymium

60

Lanthanid
Transient Solid
e

Pm Promethium

61

Lanthanid Primordia
Solid
e
l

Sm

Samarium

62

Lanthanid Primordia
Solid
e
l

Eu

63

Lanthanid Primordia
Solid
e
l

Gd

64

Noble gas

State

at Block

STP

Atomic
.no

Name

Lanthanid Primordia
Solid
e
l

Tb

Terbium

65

Lanthanid Primordia
Solid
e
l

Dy

66

Lanthanid Primordia
Solid
e
l

Ho

Holmium

67

Lanthanid Primordia
Solid
e
l

Er

Erbium

68

Lanthanid Primordia
Solid
e
l

Tm

Thulium

69

Lanthanid Primordia
Solid
e
l

Yb

Ytterbium

70

Lanthanid Primordia
Solid
e
l

Lu

71

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Hf

Hafnium

72

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Ta

Tantalum

73

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Tungsten

74

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Re

Rhenium

75

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Os

76

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

Ir

Iridium

77

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

10

Pt

78

Transition Primordia
Solid
metal
l

11

Au

79

Transition Primordia Liqui

metal
l
d

12

Hg

Mercury

80

State

at Block

STP

Name

Atomic
.no

Metal

Primordia
Solid
l

13

Tl

Thallium

81

Metal

Primordia
Solid
l

14

Pb

Lead

82

Metal

Primordia
Solid
l

15

Bi

Bismuth

83

Metalloid Transient Solid

16

Po

Polonium

84

Halogen Transient Solid

17

At

Astatine

85

Gas

18

Rn

Radon

86

Alkali
Transient Solid
metal

Fr

Francium

87

Alkaline
earth Transient Solid
metal

Ra

88

Actinide Transient Solid

Ac

Actinium

89

Primordia
Solid
l

Th

90

Actinide Transient Solid

Pa

91

Primordia
Solid
l

92

Actinide Transient Solid

Np

Neptunium

93

Primordia
Solid
l

Pu

Plutonium

94

Actinide Transient Solid

Am

Americium

95

Actinide Transient Solid

Cm

96

Actinide Transient Solid

Bk

Berkelium

97

Actinide Transient Solid

Cf

Californium

98

Actinide Synthetic Solid

Es

99

Actinide Synthetic Solid

Fm

100

Actinide Synthetic Solid

Md Mendelevium

101

Actinide Synthetic Solid

No

102

Noble gas Transient

Actinide

Actinide

Actinide

Nobelium

State

at Block

STP

Actinide Synthetic Solid

Name

Atomic
.no

Lr Lawrencium

103

Transition
Synthetic
metal

Rf

Rutherfordiu
m

104

Transition
Synthetic
metal

Db

Dubnium

105

Transition
Synthetic
metal

Sg Seaborgium

106

Transition
Synthetic
metal

Bh

Bohrium

107

Transition
Synthetic
metal

Hs

Hassium

108

Synthetic

Mt

Meitnerium

109

Synthetic

10

Ds

Darmstadtiu
m

110

Synthetic

11

Rg Roentgenium

111

Transition
Synthetic
metal

12

Cn

112

Synthetic

13

Uut (Ununtrium)

113

Synthetic

14

Fl

Flerovium

114
115

Synthetic

15

)
Uup Ununpentium
(

Synthetic

16

Lv Livermorium

116
117
118

Synthetic

17

)
Uus Ununseptium
(

Synthetic

18

Uuo (Ununoctium)

hamza_2013
01:43
-

09/27

KaML
12:34
09/27

...
Mr Youssef Dz
17:57
09/27

|| ||

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