Doctrine of Equality of Shares shares presumed to be equal in all respects

Trust Fund Doctrine considers the subscribed capital as a trust fund for the payment of the debts of the
corporation, to which the creditors can look for satisfaction.
Corporate Opportunity Doctrine
Theory of General Capacity
Theory of Special Capacity
Doctrine of Limited Capacity
Doctrine of apparent authority. [T]he doctrine [under which] acts and contracts of the agent, as are within
the apparent scope of the authority conferred on him, although no actual authority to do such acts or to
make such contracts has been conferred, bind the principal. The principals liability, however, is limited
only to 3rd persons who have been led reasonably to believe by the conduct of the principal that such
actual authority exists, although none was given. In other words, apparent authority is determined only by
the acts of the principal and not by the acts of the agent.[Banate v. Phil. Countryside Rural Bank, Inc., GR
163825, July 13, 2010].Also called the Holding out theory; or Doctrine of ostensible agency or Agency by
estoppel. See Apparent authority doctrine.
Doctrine of incorporation. Intl. Law. The doctrine that states that the rules of Intl. Law form part of the law
of the land and no legislative action is required to make them applicable to a country. The Phils. follows
this doctrine, because Sec. 2. Art. II of the Consti. states that the Phils. adopts the generally accepted
principles of international law as part of the law of the land.
Doctrine of ultra vires. Lat. Beyond the powers. The doctrine in the law of corporations that holds that if a
corporation enters into a contract that is beyond the scope of its corporate powers, the contract is illegal.