Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Appendix C
Appendix C
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Tipe
Gambar
Kebutuhan
1313,3907
= 24,3767 ft3/j
53,879
L/D = 1,5 2
24
3
= 5850,408 ft3
Ditetapkan : volume liquid akan mengisi 85 % dari volume tangki.
Volume tangki =
5850,408
= 6882,8329 ft3
0,85
C-1
2
D Hs
4
D 2 1,5 D
= 1,775 D3
-
(Pustaka 6, tab. 5
6)
Vf =
2
D2
12 4
= 0,1308 D3
Volume tangki = Vs + Vd + Vf
6882,8329 = 1,1775 D3 + 0,000049 (12.D)3 + 0,1308 D2
Dengan trial and error didapat :
D = 17 ft
= 204 in
Jadi tinggi shell = Hs = 1,5 D
= 1,5
17
= 25,5 ft
r = D = 17 ft
icr = 0,06 D = 0,06
17 = 1,02 ft
ID
- (icr)
2
AB =
(Pustaka 6,
87)
17
- 1,02 = 7,48 ft
2
C-2
BC = r (icr)
= 17 1,02 = 15,98 ft
BC 2 AB 2
b=r-
15,98 2 7,48 2
= 17 -
= 2,8787 ft
Tinggi head = OA = th + b + sf
= 0,0248 + 2,8787 + 0,167
= 3,0705
3 ft
= 5850,408
17 2 H L
4
= 5850,408
HL = 25,7881 ft
HL = 53,879
25,7881
144
= 9,6489 psi
P design = P operasi + P hidrostatik
= 9,6489 psi
Menentukan Tebal Shell dan Tebal Tutup
ts
P . ri
c
f . e 0,6 P
(Pustaka 6, pers. 13
0,885 . P . rc
c
f . e 0,1 . P
(Pustaka 6, pers. 13
1)
th
12)
Keterangan :
ts = tebal shell, in
th = tebal tutup, in
P = tekanan design, psi
C-3
(Pustaka 2, 421)
(Pustaka 6, tab.
13.1)
Dipilih sambungan : Double Welded Butt Joint
e = 0,8
ts
9,6489 204
1
2
= 0,2223 4/16
th
= 0,2972
5/16
Kapasitas
: 1313,3907 lb/j
Ukuran
: Tutup atas
: tebal
tinggi
= 5/16 in
= 3 ft
= 1/4 in
Shell
= 4/16 in
: tebal
tinggi
= 25,5 ft
diameter = 17 ft
Jumlah
: 3 buah
C-4
Fungsi
Tipe
Perhitungan :
Kapasitas : 0,0858 kg/j
Bulk density Cobalt Naphtenate = 0,97 gr/cc
= 970 kg/m3
Rate volumetrik =
0,0858
970
= 8,8453.10-5 m3/j
Waktu penampungan = 8 jam
Volume material = 8,8543.10-5
8 = 7,07628.10-4 m3
volume material
= 1,1 7,07628.10-4 = 7,78391.10-4 m3
= 30o
7,07628.10 4
= 8,8543.10-5 m3/j
8
= 1,475.10-6 m3/menit
Diambil, kecepatan linier keluar nozzle = 0,6 m/menit
S=
1,475.10 6
= 2,458.10-6 m2
0,6
S=
M2
4
M=
2,458.106
= 1,769522.10-3 m = 5,806.10-3 ft
Diameter Pengeluaran
Ditetapkan : Hs = 1,5
C-5
Vs =
=
D 2 Hs
4
D 2 1,5 D
4
= 1,178 D3
DM
hc = 2 tg
=
D 1,769522.10 3
2 tg 30
D 1,769522.103
=
1,1547
= 0,866 . D 1,5325.10-3
Volume konis :
= 0,262 hc D 2 D.M M 2
= 0,262 0,866 D 1,5325.103 D 2 D.M M 2
= 0,262 0,866 D 1,5325.103 D 2 1,769522.103 D 3,131.106
= 0,227 D 4,0152.10 4 D 2 1,769522.10 3 D 3,131.106
=
0,227 D 3 4,01681.10 4 D 2 7,1.10 7 D 4,0152.10 4 D 2 7,1.10 7 D 10 9
= 0,227 D 3 10 9
Volume bin = volume silinder + volume konis
7,78391.10-4 = 1,178D3 + 0,227D3 10-9
7,78392.10-4 = 1,405D3
7,78392.104
D =
1,405
3
= 5,54.10-4
D = 0,0821 m = 0,269 ft
Tinggi Bin
D
= 1,5 0,0821
Hs = 1,5
= 0,12315 m = 0,404 ft
hc = 0,886D 1,5325.10-3
C-6
= (0,866
0,0821) 1,5325.10-3
= 0,0696 m = 0,228 ft
H bin = Hs + hc
= 0,404 + 0,228
= 0,632 ft
Tebal Bin
-
PB =
2 'k '
1 e
2 ' k ' Z T
Keterangan :
PB = tekanan vertikal pada dasar bejana
b
'
k '
= ratio pressure
= jari-jari bin
970 2,205
35,31
= 60,57 lb/cuft
Ditetapkan : ' = 0,5
m = angle internal pressure = 32o
1 sin m
1 0,5299
= 1 0,5299 = 0,307
1 sin m
r=.D=
0,269 = 0,1345 ft
C-7
= 5,82.10-4 m3
5,82.104
Tinggi material pada bagian silinder (Hm) =
D2
4
5,82.104
=
2
0,0821
=0,10999 m
Tinggi total material :
ZT = hc + Hm
= 0,0696 + 0,10999
= 0,17959 m = 0,5892 ft
PB =
0,1345 60,57 1
1 e
2 0,5 0,307
2 0 , 5 0 , 307 0 , 5892
0 ,1345
= 19,622 lb/ft2
= 0,1363 psi
-
0,1363
= 0,0418 psi
Jadi, tekanan total = P op = 0,1363 + 0,0418 = 0,1781 psi
Pdesign = 1,2
0,1781
= 0,21372 psi
Jenis las : Single Welded Butt Joint tanpa bucking up strip
e = 0,7
P.D
c
2. f .e P
0,21372 0,269 12
1
= 0,12504 in
t konis
2/16 in
P.D
c
2 . f . e . cos
C-8
0,21372 0,269 12
1
= 0,1253 in
2/16 in
SPESIFIKASI
Tipe
Ukuran
: D = 0,269 ft
t konis = 2/16 in
t silinder = 2/16 in
h konis = 0,228 ft
H silinder = 0,904 ft
H bin = 0,632 ft
D pengeluaran = 5,806.10-3 ft
Bahan konstruksi
Tipe
katalis 0,97
gr
cc
lb
ft 3
lb
j
Rate volumetrik =
lb
58,915 3
ft
0,1892
= 0,00321
HP =
ft 3
j
C L W F
33.000
(Pustaka 3,
713)
Keterangan :
C = kapasitas screw conveyor,
ft 3
menit
C-9
W = berat material, ft 3
F = faktor material
material 58,915
lb
ft 3
F=3
(Pustaka 3, 711)
Kelas material = d
Direncanakan panjang screw conveyor = 5 ft
Jadi, HP =
5,35.10 5 5 58,915 3
33.000
= 1,432.10-6 HP
Karena power < 0,2 HP, maka :
HP = 2
1,432.10-6
= 2,865.10-6 HP
(Pustaka 3,
713)
Effisiensi motor = 80 %
Power motor =
2,865.10 6
= 3,5812.10-5 HP
0,8
ft 3
j
Kelas material = d
SPESIFIKASI
Tipe
Kapasitas
: 0,00321
Panjang
: 5 ft
Diameter
: 6 in
Power motor
: 0,5 HP
Jumlah
: 1 buah
ft 3
j
C - 10
Fungsi
Tipe
Kapasitas
Perhitungan
H/D = 1,5 2
3252,4622
= 62,6317 ft3/j
51,93
3
3600 = 10,4386 ft
10, 4386
= 13,0483 ft3
0,8
Volume shell = Vs =
2
D L
4
Diambil : H = 2 D
Vs =
-
. 2 . D . D 2 = 1,57 D3
2
D 2 = 0,1308 D3
12 4
Volume tangki = Vs + Vd + Vf
13,0483 = 1,57D3 + 0,000049D3 + 0,1308 D3
2 = 4 ft.
C - 11
. D2 . H L
4
2 2 H L
4
HL = 3,324 ft
P operasi = 1 atm = 0 psi
P hidrostatik =
=
H L L
144
3,32 51,93
144
= 1,2 psi
P design = P operasi + P hidrostatik
= 1,2 psi
Menentukan Tebal Tutup dan Tebal Shell
ts
P . ri
c
f . e 0,6 P
(Pustaka 6, pers. 13
0,885 . P . rc
c
f . e 0,1 . P
(Pustaka 6, pers. 13
1)
th
12)
Bahan konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA 283 grade C
f = 12.650 psi
(Pustaka 6, tab.
13.1)
ts
1,2 24
1
2
= 0,128 3/16
th
0,885 24 1,2
1
= 0,128
3/16
C - 12
ID
2
- (icr) = 0,12
2
2
AB =
= 0,88 ft
BC = r (icr) = 2 0,12
= 1,88 ft
b=r=2-
BC 2 AB 2
1,88 2 0,88 2
= 0,34 in
Dari Pustaka 6, tab. 5.6 :
Dengan th = 3/16
sf = 1 - 2 in
Diambil sf = 2 in
Tinggi head = OA = th + b + sf =
3
16 0,34 2 0,5223 ft
12
12
= 5,7827 in = 0,4819 ft
Pengaduk
Tipe : 6 flat blade turbin
Jumlah pengaduk =
=
H L . sg rata rata
Diameter tan gki
3,32 0,86
2
= 1,4278
1 buah
Dt
3
E
1
Da
L
1
Da 4
W
1
Da 5
Keterangan :
Da = diameter pengaduk, ft
C - 13
Dt = diameter tangki, ft
E = tinggi pengaduk dari dasar tangki, ft
W = lebar blade, ft
L = panjang blade, ft
Da 1
1
Da Dt
Dt 3
3
1
2
3
= 0,667 ft = 0,2 m
E
1 E Da 0,667 ft
Da
L
1
1
L Da
Da 4
4
1
0,667
4
= 0,167 ft
W
1
1
W Da
Da 5
5
1
0,667
5
= 0,1334 ft
Digunakan baffle, yang dipasang tiap 90o
Lebar baffle = J =
1
Dt
12
1
2
12
= 0,1667 ft
Kecepatan pheriperal umum untuk turbin :
200 250 m/menit
C - 14
NRe =
N Da 2
= 539041,1972
NRe
104
= 6,1
(Pustaka 17,
398)
HP =
. . N 3 . Da 5
gc
= 257,9896
ft lbf
dt
= 0,469 HP
Power losses pada gland = 10 %
= 0,1
HP
Diambil : 0,5 HP
Power input = 0,469 + 0,5 = 0,969 HP
Transmission sistem losses (20 %) = 0,2
0,969 = 0,1938 HP
= 1,368 HP
1,5 HP
SPESIFIKASI
Tipe
Ukuran
Tutup atas
: tebal : 3/16 in
tinggi : 6,2676 in
: tebal
tinggi
: 3/16 in
: 4 ft
C - 15
diameter : 2 ft
Bahan konstruksi
Pengaduk
Tipe
Diameter
: 0,667 ft
Lebar blade
: 0,1334 ft
Panjang blade
: 0,167 ft
: 0,1667 ft
Jumlah
: 4 buah
5. PREHEATER (E 142)
Fungsi
Tipe
t2 = 230oF
C - 16
T2 = 540oF
(2) t (LMTD)
T2 T1
T2
LMTD = t =
ln
1
369,76 310
t = ln 369,76
310
= 339oF
(3) Suhu kalorik (Tc dan tc)
Tc = 540oF
tc =
170,24 230
= 200,12oF
2
2 1 1 in IPS
4
L = 13 ft
Tabel 12 : Steam (annulus), Rdo = 0,001
Larutan (pipa), Rdi = 0,001
Rd gabungan = 0,002
Annulus (Steam)
(4) Flow area
Pipa (Larutan)
(4) D =
1,38
12
D2 =
2,067
= 0,172 ft
12
D1 =
1,66
= 0,138 ft (tab.11)
12
Flow area,
Aa =
D22 D12
4
Ap =
0,172 2 0,1382
4
D2
4
0,115
4
= 0,0104 ft2
C - 17
= 0,0083 ft2
D
De =
2
2
D12
D1
0,1722 0,1382
0,138
= 0,24 ft
(5) Ga =
W
Aa
(5) Gp = Ap
144,717
= 0,0083
=
lb
3252,4622
0,0104
lb
= 17435,783 j ft 2
= 312736,75 j ft 2
(6) Tc = 540oF
(6) tc = 200,12oF
= 0,2836 cP
= 0,019 2,42
= 0,2836
lb
= 0,0458 j ft 2
Rea =
=
De Ga
0,24 17345,783
0,0458
= 90894,933
2,42
lb
= 0,686 j ft 2
Rep =
D Gp
0,115 312736,75
0,686
= 52426,715
(7) JH = 150 (fig. 24)
(8) tc = 200,12oF
Btu
Cp = 0,20135 lb o F
Btu
k = 0,03181 j ft o F
C.
(9) hi = JH
1,632
k C.
D
k
C - 18
Btu
= 67,71 j ft o F
(10) hio = hi
(10) ho untuk kondensasi
ID
OD
1,38
= 67,71 1,66
Btu
Steam = 1.500 j ft o F
Btu
= 56,29 j ft o F
(11) Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc
Uc
hio ho
hio ho
56,29 1.500
= 56,29 1.500
Btu
= 54,25 j ft 2 o F
(12) Design Overall Coefficient, UD
1
1
RD
U D Uc
1
= 54,25 0,002
Btu
UD = 48,94 j ft 2 o F
(13) Luas permukaan yang dibutuhkan,
Q = A . UD . t
A=
=
Q
U D . t
95021,31291
48,94 339
= 5,727 ft2
Untuk 1 in IPS
12 = 24 ft
C - 19
Jumlah hairpin =
13,17
= 0,55
24
1 buah
A koreksi = 0,435
24 = 10,44 ft2
12 = 24 ft
Q
Akoreksi t
UD koreksi =
95021,31291
= 10,44 339
Btu
= 26,90 j ft 2 o F
RD koreksi =
Uc U D
Uc U D
54,25 48,94
= 54,25 48,94
= 0,002
0,002 (memenuhi)
PRESSURE DROP
Annulus (Steam)
(1) De = 0,4 (tab. 6.2)
Pipa (Larutan)
(1) Rep = 52426,715
= 0,033 ft
Rea =
=
De' Ga
0,033 17345,783
0,0458
= 12498,053
f = 0,0035 +
0,264
12498,053 0, 42
= 0,0085
Spesific volume pada 540oF
3
= 0,4434 ft
f = 0,0035 +
0,264
52426,715 0, 42
= 0,0063
lb
1
=
0,4434
C - 20
= 2,255
lb
(2) Fa =
ft 3
(2) Fp =
4 f Ga 2 La
2 g 2 De'
4 f Gp 2 Lp
2 g 2 D
=
=
4 0,0063 312736,75 13
2
2 4,18.108 52,496 0,115
2
4 0,0085 17435,783 26
2
2 4,18.108 2,255 0,033
2
= 0,121 ft
= 1,896 ft
Ga
(3) V = 3600
17435,783
= 3600 2,255
ft
dt
= 2,15
nV2
Fl =
2 g'
1 2,152
=
2 32,2
= 0,0718 ft
Pa =
=
Fa Fl
144
Fp
144
Pp =
1,869 0,0718
2,255
144
0,121 52,496
144
Tipe
Ukuran
: Annulus : De = 0,24 ft
1 in IPS
Rdo = 0,001
Pa = 0,039 psi
Pipa
: ID = 0,115 ft
OD = 0,138 ft
Rdi = 0,001
C - 21
Pp = 0,044 psi
Jumlah pipa
: 2 buah
Jumlah hairpin
: 1 buah
Bahan konstruksi
Tipe
Dasar pemilihan
: effisiensi tinggi.
Perhitungan :
Komponen
kg/j
152,899
lb/j
337,084
1509,875
Total
1662,774
Kondisi operasi : P = 1 atm = 14,7 psia
3328,701
3665,785
O2
N2
T = 30oC = 86oF
BM To P1
Vo
T1 Po
29
460 32
14,7
lb
ft 3
3665,785
0,0728
= 50354,1896 ft3/j
= 839,236 ft3/menit
Standard face velocity = 300 400 ft/menit
(Pustaka 31, 20
109)
Diambil = 350 ft/menit
C - 22
839,236
= 2,398 ft2
350
SPESIFIKASI
Tipe
: Dry Throwaway
Kapasitas
: 839,236 ft3/menit
Ukuran
: 24
Luas permukaan
: 2,398 ft2
Filter medium
: Cotton Gauze
Jumlah
: 1 buah
24
7. KOMPRESSOR (G 151)
Fungsi
Tipe
Gambar
Perhitungan :
Jumlah stage yang dibutuhkan :
(rp , i)q = rp , T
Keterangan :
q
= jumlah stage
rp, i
rp, T
= ln(rp, i ) = ln(3 / 7)
ln(rp, T )
= 1,25 stage
ln(5,1 / 1)
1 stage
C - 23
V1 =
Po . Vo . T1
(1) (359) (460 86)
=
(5,1) (460 32)
P1 . To
= 78,118 ft3
Rate udara = 1662,774 kg/j = 126,406 lbmol/j
Rate volumetrik udara =
126,406
60
HP = 4,4 . 10-3 . P1 . Q . ln
P2
P1
18,03
= 22,54 HP
0,8
23 HP
SPESIFIKASI
Tipe
Kapasitas
: 164,576 ft3/menit
Power motor
: 23 HP
Effisiensi
: 80%
Bahan konstruksi
: Carbon Steel
Jumlah
: 2 buah
8. COOLER (E 152)
Fungsi
Tipe
Dasar pemilihan
Perhitungan :
Reference : Kern
(1) Neraca Panas
Suhu air masuk (t1) = 30oC = 86oF
Suhu air keluar (t2) = 49oC = 120,2 oF
Suhu udara masuk (T1) = 209,82 oC = 409,676 oF
Suhu udara keluar (T2) = 150 oC
= 302 oF
C - 24
Rate air
t1 = 86 oF
t2 = 120,2 oF
T2 = 302 oF
(2) t atau LMTD
T1 = 302 86 = 216 oF
T2 = 409,676 120,2 = 289,476 oF
T2 T1
T2
t = LMTD =
ln
T1
289,476 216
= ln 289,476 = 250,948 oF
216
(T1 T2 )
2
Tc =
=
tc =
=
(9409,676 302)
= 355,838 oF
2
(t1 t2 )
2
(86 120,2)
= 103,05oF
2
C - 25
3 2 ; L = 14 ft
Tabel 12 : Udara (pipa), Rdi = 0,002
Air (annulus), Rdo = 0,001
Rd gabungan
Annulus (Air)
(4) Flow area
D2 =
3,5
= 0,292 ft
12
D1 =
2,38
= 0,198 ft (tab.11)
12
Aa =
D22 D12
4
= 0,003
Pipa (Udara)
(4) D =
2,067
12
0,2982 0,1982
4
D2
4
0,172
4
= 0,023 ft2
= 0,0362 ft2
(5) Ga =
=
W
Aa
(5) Gp = Ap
2343,157
0,0362
=
lb
3665,785
0,023
lb
= 67728,094 j ft 2
= 159381,957 j ft 2
(6) Tc = 540oF
(6) tc = 355,838oF
2,42
= 0,0242
lb
De Ga
0,25 67728,094
1,742
= 9719,876
2,42
lb
= 1,742 j ft 2
Rea =
= 0,0586 j ft 2
Rea =
=
De Ga
0,172 159381,957
0,0586
= 467810,522
(8) Tc = 103,05 oF
(8) tc = 355,838 oF
C - 26
Btu
Btu
k = 0,364 j ft o F
C.
Cp = 0,25 lb o F
Btu
k = 0,022 j ft o F
1,69
(9) ho = JH
k C.
De k
Btu
= 93,504 j ft o F
C.
(9) hi = JH
0,873
k C.
D
k
Btu
= 90,447 j ft o F
(10) hio = hi
ID
OD
2,067
= 90,447 2,38
Btu
= 78,552 j ft o F
(11) Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc
Uc
hio ho
hio ho
78,552 93,504
= 78,552 93,504
Btu
= 42,689 j ft 2 o F
(12) Design Overall Coefficient, UD
1
1
RD
U D Uc
1
= 42,689 0,003
Btu
UD = 37,843 j ft 2 o F
(13) Luas permukaan yang dibutuhkan,
Q = UD . t . A
A=
Q
U D . t
C - 27
80135,6296
37,843 250,948
= 8,44 ft2
a = 0,622 ft2/dt (tab. 11)
Untuk 2 in IPS
8,44
12 = 24 ft
13,56
= 0,57
24
1 buah
12 = 24 ft
24 = 14,93 ft2
Q
Akoreksi t
80135,6296
= 14,93 250,948
Btu
= 21,39 j ft 2 o F
RD koreksi =
Uc U D
Uc U D
42,689 37,843
= 42,689 37,843
= 0,003
0,003 (memenuhi)
PRESSURE DROP
Annulus (Air)
(1) De = 0,61 (tab. 6.2)
Pipa (Udara)
(1) Rep = 467810,522
= 0,0575ft
Rea =
=
De' Ga
0,0575 67728,094
1,742
= 2235,571
f = 0,0035 +
0,264
2235,571 0, 42
C - 28
= 0,0138
air =
0,264
59,683
(2) Fa =
lb
f = 0,0035 + Re p 0, 42
ft 3
= 0,00460
4 f Ga 2 La
2 g 2 De'
=
4 0,0138 67728,094 28
2
2 4,18.108 59,683 0,0575
4 f Gp 2 Lp
(2) Fp =
2 g 2 D
= 0,041 ft
Ga
4 0,00460 159381,957 14
2
2 4,18.108 0,3 0,172
2
= 505,65 ft
V = 3600
67728,094
= 3600 59,683
= 0,315
ft
dt
n .V 2
Fl =
2 . g2
1 (0,315) 2
2 32,2
= 0,00154 ft
Pa =
=
Fa Fl
144
0,041 0,00154
59,683
144
Pp =
Fp
144
505,65 0,3
144
Ukuran
: Annulus : D1 = 0,292ft
2 in IPS
D2 = 0,198 ft
Btu
Rdo = 0,001 j ft 2 o F
C - 29
Pa = 0,018 psi
Pipa
: D
= 0,172 ft
Rdi = 0,0012
Pp = 0,903 psi
Jumlah hairpin
: 1 buah
Bahan konstruksi
Tipe
: Packed Tower.
Dasar pemilihan
Perhitungan :
Kondisi operasi : P operasi = 1 atm
Dew Point produk atas = 134 oC
atas =
KC6H5CH3 = 1,988
1,988
= 142
0,014
KC6H5COOH = 0,014
Bubble Point produk bawah = 244,5 oC
bawah =
KC6H5CH3 =13,9934
13,9934
= 17,405
0,8040
KC6H5COOH = 0,8040
av =
atas
) (
bawah
Keterangan :
av
atas
bawah
av =
= 49,7143
C - 30
(Pustaka 43)
x x
log LK HK
xHK xLK
Nmin =
D
log av
Keterangan :
Nmin
(XLK)D
(XHK)D
(XLK)B
(XHK)B
Nmin =
0,9932 0,98519
0,0068 0,01478
log (49,7143)
log
= 2,35
x
F
( xF
LK
LK
)eff =
(Pustaka 46)
1
LK av 1
xF LK
xF LK xF HK
0,5975
= 0,5975 0,4024
= 0,5976
1
Rmin = 1,5
0,034 = 0,051
didapat :
N N min
= 0,67
N 1
C - 31
N 2,34
= 0,67
N 1
Nmin = 2,34
=9
m
p
B x
HK F
= 0,206 log
D
x
LK F
x
HK D
Keterangan :
m = jumlah stage pada bagian enriching
p = jumlah stage pada bagian exhausting
B = aliran mol produk bawah
D = aliran mol produk atas
log
m
p
= 0,206 log
m
p
= 1,17
m = 1,17 . p
m+p=9
1,17 p + p = 9
p = 4,15
m = 4,85
4
5
Jadi umpan masuk pada stage ke 4 dari bawah atau ke 5 dari atas kolom distilasi.
Menghitung Diameter Kolom
Dari app. A, didapat :
F
= 15,991502 kmol/j
= 9,52496 kmol/j
= 6,46654 kmol/j
Rop
= 0,051
D = 0,051
C - 32
92,13) + (0,0068
122,12)
= 92,3340
: BM uap
Bawah
= (0,6
5
92,13) + (0,4
424,94)
122,12) + (1,26.10-
= 104,1
BM uap
92,13) + (0,027
122,12) +
424,94)
= 92,94
Bagian Exhausting
Atas
: BM liquida = 104,1
: BM uap
Bawah
= 92,94
92,13) + (0,98519
(3,12.10-5 424,94)
= (0,01478
122,12) +
= 121,686
: BM uap
(0,002636
424,94)
= 116,904
* Menghitung Garis Operasi
C - 33
Bagian Enriching
0,4858
L
= 10,0107 = 0,05
G
9,52496
D
= 10,0107 = 0,95
G
C6H5CH3
0,9932)
= 0,05 xn + 0,94354
C6H5COOH
0,0068)
0)
= 0,05 xn + 0,007
Katalis
Bagian Exhausting
L
B
10,0107
= 16,4773 = 0,61
xm = (0,61 ym + 1) + 0,39 xB
6,46654
= 16,4773 = 0,39
L
C6H5CH3
C6H5COOH
Katalis
x (fraksi mol)
0,600
y (fraksi mol)
0,958
C - 34
C6H5COOH
Katalis
0,400
0,472
1,2.10-5
6,0.10-7
Rate Gas
kmol/j
kg/j
10,0107
924,3280
Rate Liquida
kmol/j
kmol/j
0,4858
44,8559
Enriching
10,0107
930,3945
0,4858
50,5718
Bawah
Exhausting
10,0107
930,3945
16,4773
1715,2869
10,0107
1170,2909
16,4773
2005,1062
Enriching
Atas
Atas
Exhausting
bawah
Untuk menjamin pembasahan dari packing yang cukup baik, maka
perhitungan penampang melintang tower, dianjurkan didasarkan pada rate liquida
paling rendah.
Enriching Atas
L = 44,8559 kg/j = 98,8902 lb/j
G = 924,3280 kg/j = 2037,7920 lb/j
TV= 134oC
TL= 108,5 oC
T0
P1
BM
92,3340
273
760
=
V0 T0 TV P0
359 273 134 760
G=
= 0,173 lb/ft3
1
L = x1
x
2
sg1 sg 2
air
Keterangan :
x 1 , x 2 = fraksi berat masing-masing komponen
sg 1 , sg 2 = specific gravity masing-masing komponen
C - 35
0,991 0,009
0
,
866
1
,
266
L=
59,440
= 51,623 lb/ft3
x C6 H 5CH 3 = 0,9932 mol fraksi
=
0,9932 92,13
0,9932 92,13 0,0068 122,12
1,87 1/3)
L = 0,27 cp
L'
G'
G
98,8902
=
2037
,7920
L G
0,173
51,623 0,173
= 0,003
Dari fig. 6-34, Treyball, hal. 195 :
Untuk absis = 0,003 , didapat ordianat = 0,29
GV ' 2 .C F . L .J
= 0,29
gc. G . L G
0 ,1
Keterangan :
GV
= viscositas liquida, cP
gc
CF
= faktor karakteristik
Dipilih packing dengan bentuk rasching ring, bahan keramik, ukuran 1/2
CF = 580 (Treyball, tab. 6-3)
GV ' 2 580 0,27 1,502
Maka :
= 0,29
4,18.10 8 0,173 51,623 0,173
0 ,1
C - 36
Gfloading
Diambil : Gop = 60% Gfloading
Jadi,
Gop = 0,6 1188,1896 lb/ j ft2
Batas Gop = 40 - 70%
2037,7920
S =
( 2,858) = 1,908 ft
Dt
1,908 12
=
30
30
TV
= 129,5 oC
TL
= 60,573 oC
= 60,573 lb/ft2
= 0,18772 lb/ft2
L campuran
1/3
= (0,528
0,100291/3) + (0,472
0,00131/3) + (5,3.10-5
0,37941/3)
L = 0,02 cp
L'
=
G'
G
111,492
= 2051,1663
L G
0,18772
60,573 0,18772
= 0,003
Dari fig. 6 34, Treyball, diperoleh = 0,29
Dipilih packing dengan bentuk rasching ring, bahan keramik, ukuran
CF =
580
Maka :
C - 37
0 ,1
= 0,29
G floading
Gop
= 0,6
= Gop = 916,344
2051,1663
= 2,238 ft2
4
2,238 = 1,688 ft
Check :
1,688 12
= 0,69 > (memenuhi)
30
D rata-rata enriching =
1,908 1,688
= 1,798 ft
2
Exhausting Atas
TV
= 129,5 oC
Tl
= 129,5 oC
= 0,18772 lb/ft3
= 60,573 lb/ft3
L campuran = 0,02 cp
L'
=
G'
G
3781,5560
= 2051,1663
L G
0,18772
60,573 0,18772
= 0,103
Dari fig. 6 34, Treyball, diperoleh = 0,041
Dipilih rasching ring bahan keramik, ukuran
CF = 580
Maka :
GV ' 2 580 0,22 1,502
= 0,041
4,18.10 8 0,18772 60,573 0,18772
0 ,1
C - 38
Gop = 40 70%
G floading
Gop
= 0,6
2051,1663
5,95 = 2,75
2,8 ft
Check :
2,8 12
=1,12 > (memenuhi)
30
Exhausting Bawah
TV
= 252 oC
Tl
= 244,5 oC
= 0,169 lb/ft3
= 66,492 lb/ft3
L campuran = 0,33 cp
L'
=
G'
G
4420,4972
= 2580,0467
L G
0,169
66,492 0,169
= 0,009
Dari fig. 6 34, Treyball, diperoleh = 0,21
Dipilih rasching ring bahan keramik, ukuran
CF = 580
Maka :
GV ' 2 580 0,33 1,502
= 0,21
4,18.10 8 0,169 66,492 0,169
0 ,1
Gop
= 0,6
= Gop =
2580,0467
= 3,83 ft2
673,98
C - 39
5,95 = 2,209 ft
Check :
2,209 12
=0,88 > (memenuhi)
30
D rata-rata exhausting =
D rata-rata =
2,8 2,209
= 2,5 ft
2
1,798 2,5
= 2,149 ft
2
HETP
Keterangan :
Z = tinggi packing
N = jumlah stage
HETP = tinggi packing setara dengan jumlah plate teroritis
HETP = 0,5 D0,3
0,3048
= 0,66 m
HETP = 0,5 (0,66)0,3
= 0,44 m
= 1,45 ft
Jadi tinggi packing = Z = 9
1,45
= 13,05 ft
* Menentukan Tinggi Total Kolom
5 = 7,25 ft
- Tinggi packing bagian exhausting = 1,45 4 = 5,8 ft
- Tinggi packing bagian enriching = 1,45
13,05 ft
Tinggi kolom dibuat lebih tinggi dari tinggi packing
-
Diameter.
C - 40
Untuk tinggi packing 13,05 ft, dipasang 1 buah redistributor, dengan tinggi
ruang 1 ft.
-
5
1
1
60 66,492 2,769
4 ft
Tinggi tutup.
Ditetapkan : sf = 2 in
t=
3
in
16
ID
25,79
- icr =
- 1,55
2
2
= 11,345 in
BC = r icr = 25,79 1,55 = 24,24 in
b = r BC 2 AB 2
= 25,79 -
24,24 2
11,345
= 4,37 in
OA = t + b + sf
=
3
+ 4,37 + 2
16
= 6,56 in = 0,55 ft
C - 41
0,55 = 1,1 ft
23,5 ft
* Pressure Drop
Diambil keadaan exhausting bawah :
4420,4972
= 1154,177 lb/j ft2
3,83
= 66,492 lb/ft3
= 0,169 lb/ft3
P
=m
Z
2580,0467
= 673,64 lb/ j ft2
3,83
L'
10-8 (10 n L )
G ' 2
G
P
= 0 2,6 lb/ft2 (ft)
Z
P
= 139.10-8 (10 0 , 0072
Z
1154 ,177
66 , 492
,64
673
0,169
P =
P
Z
= 4,98
13,05
13,05
: Packed Tower
: Diameter kolom = 2,149 ft
C - 42
Fungsi
Dasar pemilihan
Perhitungan
:
Reference : Kern
COOLER
T2 = 265,1oF
t2 = 120,2oF
(2) t (LMTD)
C - 43
T1 T2
T1
t = LMTD =
ln
2
181,8 179,1
= ln 181,8
= 180,45 oF
179,1
(T1 T2 )
2
Tc =
=
tc =
=
(302 265,1)
= 283,55oF
2
(t1 t2 )
2
(86 120,2)
= 103,05oF
2
3,068
= 0,256 ft
12
D1 =
2,38
= 0,198 ft (tab.11)
12
Aa =
D22 D12
4
0,256 2 0,1983 2
=
4
Pipa (Air)
2,067
(4) D =
12
0,1723
4
= 0,135 ft2
= 0,021 ft2
C - 44
D
De =
=
2
2
D1
D1
0,256
0,1983 2
4
W
= 0,132 ft
(5) Gp = Ap
W
Aa
(5) Ga =
668,892
0,021
lb
= 27212,422 j ft 2
lb
= 31852 j ft 2
(6) tc = 283,55oF
(6) Tc = 103,05oF
lb
2,42
= 18,213 j ft 2
lb
= 1,694 j ft 2
Rea =
=
3673,677
0,135
De Ga
Rea =
De Ga
0,132 31852
1,694
0,1723 27212,422
18,213
= 257,437
(7) JH = 3,3 (fig. 24)
= 2481,974
(8) tc = 283,55oF
Btu
Cp = 0,497 lb o F
(8) Tc = 103,05 oF
Btu
Btu
Cp = 1 lb o F
k = 0,89060 j ft o F
Btu
k = 0,364 j ft o F
C.
C.
k C.
De k
(9) hi = JH
1,69
(9) ho = JH
2,166
k C.
D
k
Btu
= 36,95 j ft o F
(10) hio = hi
ID
OD
C - 45
2,067
Btu
= 36,95 2,38
= 23,95 j ft o F
Btu
= 32,09 j ft o F
(11) Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc
Uc
hio ho
hio ho
32,09 23,95
= 32,09 23,95
Btu
= 13,71 j ft 2 o F
(12) Design Overall Coefficient, UD
1
1
RD
U D Uc
1
= 13,71 0,002
Btu
UD = 13,34 j ft 2 o F
(13) Luas permukaan yang dibutuhkan,
Q = UD . t . A
A=
=
Q
U D . t
22876,008
13,34 180,45
= 9,50 ft2
a = 0,622 ft2/dt
Untuk 2 in IPS
9,50
15
= 0,64
24
12 = 24 ft
1 buah
12 = 24 ft
C - 46
A koreksi = 0,622
UD koreksi =
24 = 14,93 ft2
Q
Akoreksi t
22876,008
= 14,93 180,45
Btu
= 8,49 j ft 2 o F
RD koreksi =
Uc U D
Uc U D
13,71 8,49
= 13,71 8,49
= 0,045
0,002 (memenuhi)
PRESSURE DROP
Pipa (Air)
(1) Rep = 257,437
= 0,0575ft
Rea =
=
De' Ga
0,0575 31852
1,694
= 1081,16
f = 0,0035 +
0,264
1081,16 0, 42
f = 0,0035 +
= 0,0175
larutan = 61,959
(2) Fa =
lb
0,264
257,437 0, 42
= 0,0292
ft 3
air = 59,997 lb
4 f Ga 2 La
2 g 2 De'
=
4 0,0175 31852 30
ft 3
4 f Gp 2 Lp
(2) Fp =
2 g 2 D
= 0,0115 ft
4 0,0292 27212,422 15
2
= 0,0025 ft
C - 47
Ga
(3) V = 3600
31852
= 3600 61,959
= 0,143
n .V 2
2 . g2
Fl =
=
ft
dt
1 (0,143) 2
2 32,2
= 0,00032 ft
Pa =
=
Fa Fl
144
Fp
144
Pp =
0,0115 0,00032
61,959
144
0,0025 59,997
144
Ukuran
: Annulus : ID = 0,256 ft
2 in IPS
OD = 0,1983 ft
Btu
Rdo = 0,001 j ft 2 o F
Pa = 0,0051 psi
Pipa
: D
= 0,1723 ft
Rdi = 0,001
Pp = 0,001 psi
Jumlah hairpin
: 1 buah
Bahan konstruksi
Tipe
C - 48
Perhitungan :
Komponen
C6H5CH3
kmol
9,4601
L=R D
0,483
V = (R + 1)D
9,943
BM
92,13
C6H5COOH
Total
Neraca masuk :
0,06435
9,52496
0,003
0,486
0,068
10,011
122,12
C6H5CH3
C6H5COOH
92,13 = 916,049 kg
= 0,068 122,12 = 8,304 kg +
= 9,943
924,353 kg
Massa keluar :
*Refluks :
C6H5CH3
C6H5COOH
= 0,003
122,12 = 0,366 kg
44,865 kg
*Distilat :
C6H5CH3
C6H5COOH
879,464 kg
Total massa keluar = 924,353 kg
(1) Neraca Panas
Suhu bahan masuk = T1 = 108,5oC= 227,3oF
Suhu bahan keluar = T2 = 108,5oC = 227,3oF
Suhu air masuk = t1 = 30oC = 86oF
Suhu air keluar = t2 = 45oC = 113oF
Rate bahan = 924,329kg/j = 2037,7942 lb/j
Rate larutan masuk = 7919,5060lb/j
(dari App. B) :
Q air pendingin = 53883,47645 kkal/j
= 2138256,7996Btu/j
C - 49
t1 = 86oF
KONDENSOR
T1 = 227,3oF
T2 = 227,3oF
t2 = 113oF
(2) t atau LMTD
T1 T2
T1
t = LMTD =
ln
2
141,3 114,3
= ln 141,3
= 127,3oF
114 ,3
(t1 t2 )
2
(86 113)
= 99,5oF
2
= 0,001
= 0,0015
(4) UD = 75 150
Trial : UD = 85 j ft 2 o F
A=
Digunakan : 1
213825,7996
= 19,76 ft2
85 127,3
1
4
"
9
OD, 1
16
"
square pitch
16 BWG, L = 8 ft
Tabel 10 :
C - 50
Untuk tube 1
1
4
"
Jumlah tube = Nt =
a = 0,32781 ft2/ft
OD
A
a" L
19,76
= 0,3271 8
= 7,55
8 buah
Tube side
ID = 10 in
C = 0,3125
OD = 1
Passes = ns = 1
1
4
"
16 BWG
9
1
16
"
Passes = nt = 4
Nt = 8 buah
Koreksi terhadap UD :
A koreksi
=8
0,3271
8 = 20,9344 ft2
Btu
213825,7996
IDC ' B 1
.
144.Pt n s
C = Pt OD
=1
9
16
-1
= 0,3125
1
4
At =
8 0,985
144 4
= 0,014 ft2
C - 51
10 0,3125 10
1
9
144 1
1
16
As =
= 0,1389 ft2
W
As
(5) Gs =
2037,7942
0,1389
W
2
L Nt 3
7919,5060
2
8 8 3
ho
Tc tc
hio ho
tw = tc +
200
227,3 99,5
1254
,
4
200
= 99,5 +
= 117oC
tf = (Tc + tw)
= (227,3 + 117)
= 172,15oF
Uc h1o ho
1
1
1254,4 150
C - 52
Uc = 134
Btu
j ft 2 o F
1
1
U D Uc
Rd =
= 80,24 134
= 0,0050 > 0,0015 (memenuhi)
PRESSURE DROP
Shell Side (bahan)
1,23
(1) De =
12
= 0,009
2,42
= 0,73
De.Gs
Ret =
=
= 68686,697
(2) N + 1 = 8
BM P To
.
.
Vo Po T
92,13 14,7
400 32
.
.
359 14,7 400 227,3
2,42
0,103 14670,945
0,022
Di.Gt
0,082 565679
1,77
= 26206,598
f = 0,0002 ft2/in2 (fig.26)
(2) sg = 1
(fig.26)
Btu
Gt = 565679 j ft 2 o F
V2
0,057 (fig. 27)
2g'
= 0,184 lb/ft3
G
0,184
sg =
=
air
62
= 0,003
Ds =
10
= 0,67 ft
12
f .Gt 2 .L.n
Pt =
5,22.1010.De.Sgt
= 0,48 psi
Pr
4.nt v 2
sg 2 g '
4 4
0,057
1
C - 53
1 f .Gs 2 .Ds. N 1
2 5,22.1010.De.Sg S
Ps =
= 0,912 psi
PT Pt Pr
= 0,48 + 0,912
= 1,392 < 10 psi (memenuhi)
SPESIFIKASI
Tipe
Ukuran
:
Shell
Tube
ID = 10 in
ID = 0,985 in
Passes = 1
OD = 1 in
Baffle spacing = 10 in
16 BWG
Ps = 0,12 psi
Tipe
Perhitungan
Komponen
kg/j
lb/j
Fraksi berat
sg
871,606
1921,56
(x)
0,991
0,8719
C6H5COOH
7,858
Total
879,464
Pustaka 42, tab. 4 27
17,324
1938,884
0,009
1,000
C6H5CH3
1,316
=35
Diambil : L
D =3
C - 54
campuran
H 2O
x1 x2
sg1 sg 2
1
= 0,991 0,001
0,8719
59,44
1,316
lb
= 51,894 ft 3
Rate volumetrik =
lb
1938,884
=
37,298
ft 3
51,984
600
= 6,216 ft2
3600
D =3
L=3.D
Keterangan :
L = panjang tangki
D = diameter tangki
- Volume shell = Vs =
=
. D2 . L
. D 2 . 3D
= 2,355 D3
- Volume dished = Vd = 0,000049 . D3
C - 55
7,313 = 2,524344 D3
D = 1,43 ft = 17 in
L=3
1,43 = 4,29 ft
17 = 1,02 in
r = rc = D = 17 in
Pustaka 6, 87 :
AB =
ID
17
1,02 = 7,48 in
- icr =
2
2
BC 2 AB 2
15,98 2 7,48 2
= 2,879 in
Tinggi head = OA = b + t
= 2,879 + 3/16
= 3,0665
Menentukan Tebal Shell dan Tebal Tutup
- Tinggi liquida (h) :
Volume liquida =
6,216 =
. L2 . h
4,29 2 h
4
h = 0,43 ft
- Tekanan design :
P operasi = 1 atm = o psi
P hidrostatik = h
L
144
= 0,43
51,984
144
= 0,155 psi
P design = P operasi + P hidrostatik
= 0,155 psi
C - 56
ts
P . ri
c
f . e 0,6 P
(Pustaka 6, pers. 13
0,885 . P . rc
c
f . e 0,1 . P
(Pustaka 6, pers. 13
1)
th
12)
Keterangan :
ts = tebal shell, in
th = tebal tutup, in
P = tekanan design, psi
ri = jari-jari dalam dari tangki, in
rc = jari-jari crown, in
f = stress yang diijinkan, psi
e = efisiensi sambungan
c = faktor korosi (diambil 1/8)
(Pustaka 2, 421)
(Pustaka 6, 342)
Tipe pengelasan :
Double Welded Butt Joint
ts
e = 0,8
0,155 17
1
2
= 0,125 3/16
th
0,885 0,155 17
1
= 0,125
3/16
3,065512 )
5 ft
SPESIFIKASI
Tipe
Ukuran
:
Tutup
Shell
Diameter = 1,43 in
Panjang = 5 ft
C - 57
Jumlah
: 1 buah
Bahan konstruksi
Tipe
: Kettle Reboiler.
Komponen
C6H5CH3
C6H5COOH
Co-Naphtenate
Total
Reference : Kern
kg/j
8,804
lb/j
19,4095
778
1715,1944
0,9887
0,0858
786,8898
0,1892
1734,7931
0,0001
1,0000
T1 = 540oF
C - 58
t1 = 472,1oF
REBOILER
t2 = 485,6oF
T2 = 540oF
(2) t (LMTD)
T1 T2
T1
t = LMTD =
ln
2
t
67,9 54,4
= ln 67,9 = 60,9 oF
54,4
t1 t 2
2
472,1 485,6
2
= 478,85oF
Tabel 12 : Steam (Tube), Rdi = 0,001
Bahan (Shell), Rdo = 0,001
Tabel 8, Kern :
UD = 100 200
Trial : UD = 130
A=
Btu
o
lb ft 2 F
Btu
o
lb ft 2 F
Q
371685,7924
= 130 60,9 = 46,95 ft2
U D t
Digunakan :
1 OD, 1 square pitch, 18 BWG
L = 12 ft
C - 59
2
a = 0,2618 ft ft (tab. 10)
Untuk tube 1 OD
Jumlah tube = Nt =
A
a" L
46,95
= 0,2618 12
= 14,94
15 buah
Tabel 12 :
Shell Side
Tube Side
ID = 8 in
OD = 1 in
Passes = 1
1 square pitch
Nt = 15 buah
Passes = 2
Koreksi terhadap UD :
A koreksi = Nt .
= 15
UD koreksi =
. OD . L
0,2618
12 = 47,124 ft2
Q
A t
371685,7924
= 46,95 60,9
= 129,994
Tube Side (Steam)
(4) at = 0,594 (tab. 10)
At =
N t .a ' t
144.nt
At =
15 0,594
144 2
Btu
o
lb ft 2 F
= 0,031 ft2
(5) Gt =
W
At
C - 60
1610,6546
0,031
Btu
= 51956,6 j ft 2
(6) Tc = 540oF
= 0,0458 j ft
D = 0,87 in (tab. 10)
=
0,87
12
= 0,075 ft
Ret =
=
D . Gt
0,075 51956,6
0,0458
= 85081,769
(10) hio untuk steam = 1.500 (hal. 164)
hio
Tc tc
hio ho
(10) tw = tc
=
1500
540 478,85
1500 300
478,85
= 489,04oF
tw = tw tc
= 489,04 478,85
= 10,19oF
(Dari fig. 15.11) :
Untuk tw = 10,19oF
Didapat, ho = 190
Karena ho < 300, maka didapat ho =
190
C - 61
hio ho
hio ho
1500 190
1500 190
Btu
= 168,639 j ft 2 o F
(14) Check Maximum Flux :
371685,7924
Q
=
47,124
A
UC U D
U C U D
168,639 129,994
= 168,639 129,994
= 0,002
0,002 (memenuhi)
PRESSURE DROP
Shell Side(Bahan)
(tab. 7)
1
0,4434
= 2,255 lb/ft3
2,255
sg = 62,43
= 0,0361
(2) Pt =
f .Gt 2 .L.n
2 5,22.1010.De.Sgt
0,00032 51956,6 12 2
2 5,22.1010 0,075 0,0361 1
2
C - 62
Tipe
Ukuran
:
Shell Side
Tube side
ID = 8 in
OD = 1 in
Passes = 1
L = 12 ft
RDO= 0,001
16 BWG, 1
PS diabaikan
1
in square pitch
4
Jumlah : 1 buah
Bahan konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA 283 grade C
14. EXTRAKTOR (M 410)
Fungsi
Tipe
Perhitungan :
Komponen
C6H5CH3
C6H5COOH
Katalis
H2O
Total
kg/j
8,804
lb/j
19,4095
778
1715,1944
0,04366
0,0858
0,1892
0,00001
17033,8088
17820,6986
37553,0756
39287,8687
0,05585
1,00001
C - 63
campuran = x1
x x x
2 3 4
1 2 3 4
= 60,874 lb/ft3
Rate volumetric =
39287,8687
60,874
= 645,3965 ft3/j
Asumsi : Residence time = 10 menit
Volume liquida = 645,3965
10
= 107,5661 ft3
60
Dianggap volume liquida hanya mengisi 85% dari volume tangki, maka :
Volume tangki =
107,5661
0,85
= 126,5484 ft3
Faktor keamanan 20%,
Volume tangki = 1,2
.D 2 .H
. D 2 . 1,5 D
151,8581 = 1,1775 D3
D = 5,05 ft = 60,63 in
- Volume Shell (Vs)
=
=
.D 2 .Hs
. 5,05 .Hs
2
= 20,0195 Hs
- Volume dished tanpa flange (Vd) :
Vd = 0,000049 . D3
C - 64
= D = rc
2
D2
12 4
= 0,1308 . 5,05 2
= 3,336 ft3
Volume tangki = Vs + 2 .Vf + 2 . Vd
151,8581
= 20,0195 Hs + (2
123,3441
= 20,0195 Hs
Hs
= 6,16 ft
3,336) + (2
10,921)
5,05 = 0,303 ft
Pustaka 6, 87 :
AB =
ID
60,63
icr
0,303
2
2
= 30,012 in
BC = r icr = 60,63 0,303 = 60,327 in
B = r - BC 2 AB 2
= 60,63 -
60,327 2
30,012
= 8,289 in
Tinggi head = OA = b + t + sf
= 8,289 +
3
2
16
= 10,4855 in = 0,874 ft
Jadi, tinggi total extraktor = Hs = 2 . OA
= 6,16 2 0,874
C - 65
= 7,908 ft
Check :
H
1,5
D
7,908
= 1,567 (memenuhi)
5,05
= Vd + Vf
= 10,921 + 3,336
= 14,257 ft3
- Volume Shell
- Volume liquida dalam shell = volume liquida dalam tangki volume head
= 107,5661 14,257
= 93,3091 ft3
93,3091
4,661
- Tinggi liquida dalam shell (hL) =
ft
2
5,05
4
H L . L 5,519 60,874
2,33 psi
144
144
hL . L
4,661 60,874
=
144
144
= 1,97 psi
C - 66
(Pustaka 6, 342)
CODE ASME :
ts
P . ri
c
f . e 0,6 P
(Pustaka 6, pers. 13
0,885 . P . rc
c
f . e 0,1 . P
(Pustaka 6, pers. 13
1)
th
12)
Keterangan :
ts = tebal shell, in
th = tebal tutup, in
P = tekanan design, psi
ri = jari-jari dalam dari tangki, in
rc = jari-jari crown, in
f = stress yang diijinkan, psi
e = efisiensi sambungan
c = faktor korosi (diambil 1/8)
ts
(Pustaka 2, 421)
1,632 60,63
1
2
= 0,13 3/16
th
= 0,134
3/16
Pengaduk
Tipe : 6 flat blade turbin
C - 67
sg rata-rata =
campuran
H 2O
60,874
= 60,36
= 1,0085
H L . sg rata rata
Diameter tan gki
5,519 1,0085
5,05
= 1 buah
Pustaka 26, 216 :
Da 1
Dt
3
E
1
Da
L
1
Da 4
W
1
Da 5
Keterangan :
Da = diameter pengaduk, ft
Dt = diameter tangki, ft
E = tinggi pengaduk dari dasar tangki, ft
W = lebar blade, ft
L = panjang blade, ft
Da 1
1
Da Dt
Dt 3
3
1
5,05
3
= 1,683 ft = 0,51 m
E
1 E Da 1,683 ft
Da
C - 68
L
1
1
L Da
Da 4
4
1
1,683
4
= 0,421 ft
W
1
1
W Da
Da 5
5
1
1,683
5
= 0,337 ft
Digunakan baffle, yang dipasang tiap 90o
Lebar baffle = J =
1
Dt
12
1
5,05
12
= 0,421 ft
Kecepatan pheriperal umum untuk turbin :
200 250 m/menit
N Da 2
= 1724249,354
NRe
104
= 6,1
(Pustaka 17,
398)
HP =
. . N 3 . Da 5
gc
C - 69
ft lbf
dt
= 2435,2930
= 4,43 HP
HP
Diambil : 0,5 HP
Power input = 4,43 + 0,5 = 4,93 HP
Transmission sistem losses (20 %) = 0,2
4,93 = 0,986 HP
7 HP
Coil Pemanas
Bentuk : Helical Coil
Untuk liquida
NRe = 1724249,354
JH = 8.500
D extraktor = 5,05 ft
Btu
Cp = 0,994 lb o F
= 0,891
lb
j ft
hc = ho = JH
= 8.500
= 845,039
k C.
D k
0 ,14
5,05
0,378
Btu
o
j ft 2 F
Untuk Steam
Dari App. B : T steam
= 540oF
lb
steam = 2,15 3
ft
C - 70
lb
m steam
= 5773,6782 j
Q steam
= 3790997,118
Btu
j
5773,6782
2,15
= 2685,432
= 0,7460
ft 3
j
ft 3
dt
ft
dt
Kecepatan steam = 30 50
(Pustaka 26,
164)
Diambil = 30
ft
dt
0,7460
30
= 0,025 ft2
2
2
A = 4 Di Di
0,025
Di = 0,178 ft
= 2,14 in
Dipilih pipa 2 in sch 40 :
ID = 2,067 in = 0,17225 ft
OD = 2,38 in
a
= 0,622
ft 2
ft
Btu
o
j ft 2 F
(Pustaka 18,
164)
Uc =
hio ho
hio ho
1500 845,039
= 1500 845,039
C - 71
Btu
= 540,528 j ft 2 o F
Pustaka 18, tab. 12 :
Liquida organik, Rdi = 0,001
Steam, Rdo = 0,001
Rd gabungan = 0,002
1
1
RD
U D Uc
1
= 540,528 0,002
Btu
UD = 259,74 j ft 2 o F
A =
=
Q
U D . t
3790997,118
259,74 540 194
= 42,183 ft2
Ditetapkan jarak antara dinding shell ke coil = ft
D helical = D tangki (2
= 5,05 1
= 4,05 ft
Luas per lilitan =
= 4,05 0,622
= 7,91 ft2
A
42,183
7,91
= 5,33
5 buah
D pipa = 4 2 = 8 in
Tinggi coil = {(n 1) jarak antar lilitan} + (n
Jarak antar lilitan = 4
= {(5 1)
OD)
812 } + (5 2,3812 )
C - 72
= 3,658 ft
Tinggi liquida dalam shell > tinggi coil
4,661 ft > 3,658 ft (memenuhi)
SPESIFIKASI
Tipe
Ukuran
Bahan konstruksi
: Diameter
= 5,05 ft
Tinggi
= 7,908 ft
Tebal shell
= 3/16 in
Tebal tutup
= 3/16 in
Pengaduk
Tipe
Diameter
: 1,683 ft
Lebar blade
: 0,337 ft
Panjang blade
: 0,421 ft
: 0,421 ft
Jumlah
: 4 buah
Coil Pemanas
Tipe
: helical coil
Ukuran pipa
: 2 in sch 40
ID = 2,067 in
OD = 2,38 in
Jumlah lilitan
: 5 buah
Tinggi coil
: 3,658 ft
C - 73
Fungsi
Tipe
Perhitungan :
Kondisi operasi : P = 1 atm
T = 90oC
Komponen
Lapisan atas
Lapisan bawah
kg/j
lb/j
kg/j
lb/j
C6H5CH3
8,804
19,4095
0,743
C6H5COOH
2,9617
6,5294
0,250
775,0383
1708,6649
0,044
Katalis
0,0858
0,1892
0,007
H2O
11,8515
26,1281
1,000
Total
17033,8088 37553,0756
17808,8471 39261,7405
lb 3
ft
52,53
cP
C6H5COOH
79,32
3,93
Katalis
58,46
1,35
H2O
60,272
0,316
Komponen
C6H5CH3
0,956
1,000
0,282
lapisan atas
11,8515
8,804 2,9617 0,0858
52,53
79,32
58,46
lb
kg
= 57,42 ft 3 = 919,754 3
m
17808,8471
lapisan bawah = 775,0383 17033,8088
79,32
60,272
lb
kg
= 60,91 ft 3 = 975,633 3
m
campuran 13
3
= x1 . 1
+ x2 . 2
+...
C - 74
lapisan atas 13
= {0,743
(0,282)1/3} + {0,007
(1,35)1/3} + {0,250
(3,93)1/3}
= 0,704 cP = 0,704 m.Ns/m2
1/3
} + {0,956
(0,316)1/3}
(Pustaka 8,
346)
Kecepatan pengendapan, Ud :
dd 2 . g . d c
Ud =
18 . c
Keterangan :
Ud = kecepatan pengendapan, m/s
c = densitas lapisan bawah, kg/m3
d = densitas lapisan atas, kg/m3
= percepatan gravitasi
9,81 m/s2
Ud =
18 . 0,37.10 3
= - 0,0018 m/s
Karena : Ud < 4.10-3 m/s, maka dipakai Ud = 0,0018 m/s
(Pustaka 8, 346)
17808,8471
1
975,90
3600
= 0,0051 m3/s
Luas lapisan permukaan :
0,051
Ai = 0,0018
= 2,833 m2
Jari-jari tangki = r =
2,833
C - 75
= 0,950 m
Diameter tangki = D = 2
0,950 = 1,9 m
2m
Diambil, H : D = 1,5
Jadi tinggi tangki = H = 1,5 . D
= 1,5
=3m
tinggi tangki
= 0,1 3
= 0,3 m
Residence time yang diijinkan :
2 5 menit
(Pustaka 8, 347)
0,3
= Ud 0,0018
= 166,667 detik = 2,778 menit (memenuhi)
Check terhadap diameter tetesan lapisan atas (syarat : harus lebih kecil dari 150
m)
11,8515
dd =
g d c
1,266.10 6 18 0,704.10 3
C - 76
1
17808,8471 11,8515
975
,
90
920
,
116
3600
Kecepatan aliran =
= 0,0051 m3/s
Kecepatan masuk decanter
1 m/s
(Pustaka 8,
348)
Luas pipa =
0,0051 m
1m
= 0,0051 m2
Diameter pipa =
4 0,0051
= 0,1 m
Z1 = 3 0,3 = 2,7 m
Z2 =
Z3 =
3 = 1,5 m
= 2,63 m
Gambar :
SPESIFIKASI
Tipe
Ukuran
: Diameter = 6,562 ft
Tinggi
= 9,843 ft
Jumlah
: 1 buah
Bahan konstruksi
C - 77
Tipe
Gambar :
Perhitungan :
Komponen
C6H5COOH
H2O
Total
Dari App. B :
kg/j
775,0383
lb/j
1708,6649
17033,8088
17808,8471
37553,0756
39261,7405
= t1 = 30oC = 86oF
= t2 = 49oC = 120,2oF
th = T1 T2 = 194 86 = 108oF
tc = t2 t1 = 120,2 86 = 34,2oF
108 34,2
tm = ln 108 = 64,2oF
34,2
Tabel 8, Kern :
Btu
UD = 75 150 j ft 2 o F
C - 78
Btu
Diambil, UD = 120 j ft 2 o F
Q = UD
tm
Q
U D tm
3618502,035
120 64,2
= 469,69 ft2
Luas pendingin = 3,5 ft2/ft panjang
Jadi panjang kristalizer =
(Pustaka 3, 534)
469,69
3,5
= 134,197 ft
Panjang tiap section (unit) = 10 ft
Jadi jumlah section =
134,197
= 13,42
10
(Pustaka 3, 535)
14 section
SPESIFIKASI
(Pustaka 3, 524)
Tipe
Kapasitas
: 39261,7405 lb/j
Luas pendingin
: 469,69 ft2
: 10 ft
Jumlah section
: 1 buah
Kecepatan putar
: 10 rpm
Bahan konstruksi
Tipe
Gambar :
C - 79
Perhitungan :
Komponen
C6H5COOH(s)
kg/j
703,4963
lb/j
1550,9420
Fraksi berat
0,040
sg
1,316
C6H5COOH(l)
71,5420
157,7230
0,004
1,316
H2O
17033,8088
37553,0756
0,956
Total
17808,8471
39261,7406
1,000
sg campuran = (0,04
1,316) + (0,004
1,316) + (0,956 1)
1,000
lb
= 63,304 ft 3
Volume liquida yang dipisahkan =
39261,7406
63,304
= 620,2095
ft 3
j
= 4639,4894
gallon
j
4
60
gallon
menit
SPESIFIKASI
(Pustaka 31, tab. 19 14, hal. 19 91)
Tipe
Kapasitas
: 309,2993
Bowl diameter
: 24 in
Kecepatan putar
: 4.000 rpm
Power motor
: 7,5 HP
gallon
menit
C - 80
Tipe
Perhitungan :
Komponen
C6H5COOH
kg/j
704,2117
lb/j
1552,5192
Fraksi berat
0,940
H2O
44,8584
749,0701
98,8957
1651,4149
0,060
1,000
Total
H O (30o C ) 62,136
2
lb
ft 3
sg C 6 H 5 COOH = 1,316
C
6 H 5 COOH
campuran
1
lb
80,25 3
ft
0,94 0,06
81,77 62,136
Rate volumetrik =
HP =
lb
ft 3
1651,4149
80,25
= 20,578
ft 3
j
= 0,343
ft 3
menit
C L W F
33.000
(Pustaka 3,
713)
Keterangan :
C = kapasitas screw conveyor,
ft 3
menit
W = berat material, ft 3
F = faktor material
C - 81
lb
ft 3
material 80,25
F=3
(Pustaka 3, 711)
Kelas material = d
Direncanakan panjang screw conveyor = 7 ft
Jadi, HP =
0,343 7 80,25 3
33.000
= 0,0175 HP
Karena power < 0,2 HP, maka :
HP = 2
0,0175 = 0,035 HP
(Pustaka 3,
713)
Effisiensi motor = 80 %
Power motor =
0,035
= 0,044 HP
0,8
ft 3
j
Kelas material = d
SPESIFIKASI
Tipe
Kapasitas
: 20,578
Panjang
: 7 ft
Power motor
: 0,5 HP
Jumlah
: 1 buah
ft 3
j
Tipe
Dasar pemilihan
C - 82
Gambar :
Perhitungan ;
Komponen
C6H5CH3
C6H5COOH
Masuk
Keluar
kg/j
703,4963
lb/j
1550,9420
kg/j
668,3215
lb/j
1473,3949
0,7154
1,5772
0,67963
1,4983
6,7576
675,7587
14,8979
1489,7911
H2O
44,8584
98,8957
Total
749,0701
1651,4149
Air yang diuapkan
= 38,1008 kg/j
Suhu feed
= 30oC = 86oF
Suhu produk
= 60 oC = 140 oF
Mc
.G
4
Keterangan :
Mc = rate gas, lb/j
G
= 6603,725853 lb/j
=
6603,725853
4,586
.400
4
C - 83
194 115,16
154,58 oF
2
Cp udara = 0,254
Lt = 0,1 0,254 (400)0,84 4,586 = 17,86 ft
L = 17,86 2,0 = 35,73 ft
Check, L/D = 4 10
L
35,73
D
4,586
= 7,79
Jadi ukuran rotary dryer memenuhi.
Putaran Rotary Dryer
Rotary dryer beroperasi pada peripheral speed :
30 150 ft/menit
(Pustaka 29 ,
832)
Diambil, pheriperal speed = 100 ft/menit
N
V
D
Keterangan :
N = putaran rotary dryer, rpm
V = peripheral speed, ft/menit
D = diameter rotary dryer
C - 84
100
= 6,944 rpm
4,586
Check : N
D = 23 35
(Pustaka 29,
832)
N
D = 6,944
Time of Passage
Penentuan time of passage adalah untuk mengetahui lama material dalam rotary
dryer.
e=
0,23 L
0,6 B L G
0 ,9
SN D
F
(Pustaka 31, 20
33)
Keterangan :
e = time of passage, menit
L = panjang rotary dryer, ft
G = rate flue gas, lb/j ft2
F = rate feed, lb material kering/j
B = konstanta (tergantung dari sifat material)
S = slope, ft/ft
Rotary Dryer beroperasi dengan system counter-current, maka :
e=
0,23 L
0,6 B L G
0,9
SN D
F
B = 5 (Dp)-0,5
e=
= 0,04
= 2,3o
0,23 35,73
0,6 0,0439 35,73 400
0,9
0,04 (6,944) 4,586
1651,4149
= 7,831 + 0,228
C - 85
= 8,059 menit
Power Penggerak
BHP =
(Pustaka 31, 20
-37)
Keterangan :
BHP = Brake House Power yang dibutuhkan
d
= diameter shell, ft
= berat material, lb
. D2 D1 .L.
2
Keterangan :
D2
12
= 4,586 +
= 4,628 ft
D1
Ws
= 5307,733 lb
- Berat isolasi :
WI =
2
2
. D3 D1 .L.
4
Keterangan :
D3
C - 86
2 0,25
12
= 4,586+
= 4,628 ft
= densitas isolasi
= 141,105 lb
-
Berat flight :
Wf = n . L . h . t .
Keterangan :
n
diambil : n = 2,5 D
= 2,5
h
=
t
4,586 = 11,465
12 buah
1
1
D
D
8
12
= tinggi flight =
diambil : h =
1
D
10
1
4,586 = 0,4586 ft
10
= tebal flight =
=
D
12
4,586
12
= 1,2 ft
Wf
= 12
35,73
0,4586
1,2
1
60
489
= 115382,0944 lb
-Berat material :
W
= rate feed
= 1651,4149
8,059 menit
= 221,813 lb
- Berat Gear :
C - 87
Wg =
.b D 2 d 2
4
keterangan :
b = lebar permukaan gear
9,5 12,5
Pd Pd
=
Dimana, Pd
Pc
Pc
= circulair = 1
3
2 in
4
Diambil, Pc = 2 in
Jadi, Pd =
= 1,57 in
12,5
12,5
= Pd 1,57 = 7,962 in
Wg
7,962 108
12
4
12
2
4,628
= 31,033 lb
- Berat riding ring :
= 2
Wr
b D2 d 2
4
Keterangan :
b
= 7,962 in
= 4,628 ft
= d + 2 = 4,628 + 2 = 6,628 ft
Wr = 2
7,962
2
2
C - 88
= 10552,78703 lb
Jadi, berat total rotary dryer :
= 5307,733 + 141,105 + 115382,0944 + 221,813 + 31,033 +
10552,78703
= 131636,5654 lb
BHP =
6,944
4,75 4,628 221,813 0,1925 4,628 131636,5654 0,33 131636,5654
100.000
= 11,5 HP
Effisiensi motor = 88%
11,5
Ukuran
: Diameter = 4,586 ft
Panjang = 35,73 ft
Slope
= 0,04 ft/ft
Putaran
: 6,944 rpm
Kecepatan udara
: 8,059 menit
Jumlah flight
: 12 buah
: 0,4586 ft
Power
: 13 Hp
Jumlah
: 1 buah
Tipe
: Cyclone Separator.
Perhitungan :
Suhu udara masuk cyclone = 46,2oC = 115,16oF
C - 89
9 Bc
0,5
Dpc =
2 Ne Vc s
Keterangan :
Dpc = ukuran partikel yang bisa lolos dari ayakan
Dp = ukuran partikel yang diijinkan lolos
Bc = besar inlet dust, ft
Ne = jumlah belokan yang dilalui udara
Vc = kecepatan gas masuk cyclone, ft/dt
= 1 m 100 m
Diambil, Dp
= 70 m
= 7.10-5 m = 0,00023 ft
Ne = 2
Ditetapkan, effisiensi cyclone = 95%
Dari fig. 20 109, Perry 6th, hal 20 86 didapat :
Dp
4,3
Dpc
Dp
Dpc = 4,3
0,00023
5,33.10 5 ft
4,3
Dari App. A :
C6H5COOH
H2O
= 38,1008 kg/j
= 83,9978 lb/j +
161,6237 lb/j
Fraksi berat :
C6H5COOH
75,6259
= 161,6237 0,480
C - 90
83,9978
= 161,6237 0,520 +
H2O
1,000
Suhu partikel masuk cyclone = 46,2oC = 115,16oF
H2O
= 1,316 60,74 = 79,93 lb/cuft
Asam Benzoat = sg
material = 0,480
1
0,52
60,74
79,93
= 68,65 lb/cuft
Komposisi aliran udara (dari App. B)
Udara panas
Uap air
= 38,1008 kg/j
= 83,9977857 lb/j +
6687,723639 lb/j
Fraksi berat :
6603,72583
Udara panas
= 6687,723639 = 0,987
Uap air
= 6687,723639 = 0,013 +
83,9977857
1,000
BM gas = xudara . BMudara + xuap air . BMuap air
= (0,987
29) + (0,013
18)
= 28,857
gas =
28,857 14,7
460 32
lb
0,069 3
359
14,7 460 115,16
ft
gas
= (0,987
0,0181/3) + (0,013
0,0111/3)
= 0,262 cP
C - 91
= 0,262
=
lb
2,42 = 0,63404 ft j
0,63404
lb
1,76.10 4
3600
ft dt
Jadi,
9 Bc
Dpc =
2 Ne Vc s
0,5
9 1,76.10 4 Bc
2 2 50 68,65 0,068
0,5
5,33.10 =
-5
Bc = 0,078 ft
Ukuran cyclone standard :
Dc
= 0,078 ft
4
Bc =
Dc = 4
Bc = 4
0,078 = 0,312 ft
De =
Dc
0,312
=
= 0,156 ft
2
2
Hc =
Dc
0,312
=
= 0,156 ft
2
2
Dc = 2
Lc = 2
0,312 = 0,624 ft
Dc
0,312
=
= 0,039 ft
8
8
Sc =
Zc
=2
Jc
Dc = 2
Dc
4
0,312 = 0,624 ft
=
0,312
4
0,078 ft
Gambar :
C - 92
SPESIFIKASI
Tipe
: Cyclone Separator
Kapasitas
: 6849,347339 lb/j
Ukuran
: Bc = 0,078 ft ; Lc = 0,624 ft
Dc = 0,312 ft ; Sc = 0,039 ft
De = 0,156 ft ; Zc = 0,624 ft
Hc = 0,156 ft ; Jc = 0,078 ft
Jumlah
: 1 buah
Bahan konstruksi
Tipe
Dasar pemilihan
Perhitungan :
Reference : Kern
(1) Neraca Panas
Suhu udara masuk = t1 = 30oC = 86oF
Suhu udara keluar = t2 = 90oC = 194oF
Suhu steam masuk = T1 = 250oC = 540oF
Suhu steam keluar = T2 = 250oC = 540oF
Rate udara = 2995,403323 kg/j = 6603,726074 lb/j
Rate steam = 257,233 lb/j
C - 93
(dari App. B) :
Q steam = 168898,9427 Btu/j
T1 = 540oF
t1 = 86oF
AIR HEATER
t2 = 194oF
T2 = 540oF
(2) t (LMTD)
T1 = 540 86 = 454 oF
T2 = 540 194 = 346 oF
T1 T2
T1
t = LMTD =
ln
T2
454 346
= ln 454 = 397,56 oF
346
(T1 T2 )
2
Tc =
=
tc =
=
(540 540)
= 540oF
2
(t1 t2 )
2
(86 194)
= 140oF
2
C - 94
Rd gabungan = 0,003
Annulus (Steam)
(4) Flow area
Pipa (Udara)
3,068
(4) D =
12
D2 =
4,062
= 0,336 ft
12
D1 =
3,5
= 0,292 ft (tab.11)
12
Flow area,
Ap =
De =
=
2
2
D12
D1
0,3362 0,292 2
0,292
D2
4
0,256
4
= 0,051 ft2
= 0,095 ft
(5) Ga =
=
W
Aa
(5) Gp = Ap
257,233
0,022
=
lb
6603,726074
0,051
lb
= 11692,40909 j ft 2
= 129484,825 j ft 2
(6) Tc = 540oF
(6) tc = 140oF
= 0,019 2,42
lb
= 0,0458 j ft 2
Rea =
=
De Ga
0,095 11692,40909
0,0458
= 24252,814
= 0,02
2,42
lb
= 0,0484 j ft 2
Rep =
=
D Gp
0,256 129484,825
0,0484
= 684878,4132
(7) JH = 805 (fig. 24)
(8) tc = 140oF
Btu
Cp = 0,245 lb o F
Btu
k = 0,017 j ft o F
C - 95
C.
(9) hi = JH
0,884
k C.
D
k
Btu
= 47,26 j ft o F
(10) hio = hi
ID
OD
3,068
Steam = 1.500 j ft o F
= 47,26 3,5
Btu
= 41,43 j ft o F
hio ho
hio ho
41,43 1.500
= 41,43 1.500
Btu
= 40,32 j ft 2 o F
(12) Design Overall Coefficient, UD
1
1
RD
U D Uc
1
= 40,32 0,003
Btu
UD = 35,97 j ft 2 o F
(13) Luas permukaan yang dibutuhkan,
Q = A . UD . t
A=
=
Q
U D . t
168898,9427
35,97 397,56
= 11,811 ft2
C - 96
Untuk 3 in IPS
11,811
12 = 24 ft
Jumlah hairpin =
12,88
= 0,54
24
1 buah
A koreksi = 0,917
24 = 22,008 ft2
UD koreksi =
12 = 24 ft
Q
Akoreksi t
168898,9427
= 22,008 397,56
Btu
= 19,304 j ft 2 o F
RD koreksi =
Uc U D
Uc U D
40,32 35,97
= 40,32 35,97
= 0,003
0,003 (memenuhi)
PRESSURE DROP
Annulus (Steam)
(1) De = 0,52 (tab. 6.2)
Pipa (Udara)
(1) Rep = 684878,4132
= 0,0442 ft
Rea =
=
De' Ga
= 11283,941
f = 0,0035 +
0,264
11283,941 0, 42
= 0,0087
Spesific volume pada 540oF
f = 0,0035 +
0,264
684878,4132 0, 42
= 0,0044
C - 97
3
= 0,4434 ft
udara = 0,063
lb
lb
ft 3
1
=
0,4434
= 2,255
lb
(2) Fa =
ft 3
4 f Ga 2 La
2 g 2 De'
(2) Fp =
=
4 0,0087 11692,40909 34
2
2 4,18.108 2,255 0,0442
4 f Gp 2 Lp
2 g 2 D
= 0,861 ft
4 0,005 129484,825 17
2
2 4,18.108 0,063 0,256
2
= 6711,0322 ft
Ga
(3) V = 3600
11692 ,40909
= 3600 2,255
= 1,44
nV2
Fl =
2 g'
ft
dt
1 1,44 2
=
2 32,2
= 0,032 ft
Pa =
Fa Fl
144
0,861 0,032
2,255
=
144
Pp =
=
Fp
144
6711,0322 0,063
144
Ukuran
: Panjang = 13 ft
3 in IPS
C - 98
Pipa
Annulus
ID = 0,256 ft
De = 0,095 ft
OD = 0,292 ft
Rdo = 0,002
Rdi = 0,001
Pa = 0,014
Pp = 2,94 psi
22. BLOWER (G 461)
Fungsi
Tipe
: Centrifugal Blower.
Gambar :
Perhitungan :
Suhu udara masuk blower = 30oC = 86oF
Tekanan udara masuk blower = 14,7 psi
Tekanan udara keluar blower = 15,2 psi
Rate massa udara = 2995,403323 kg/j = 6603,726074 lb/j
udara =
lb
29 15,2 460 32
=
0,075
ft 3
359 14,7 460 86
C - 99
= 6603,726074
= 1467,495
lb
1
j
1
ft 3
j 60 menit 0,075 lb
ft 3
menit
(Pustaka 31,6
22)
= 1,57.10-4
1467,495
13,85
= 3,192 HP
HP blower
Effisiensi = HP shaft
35)
Effisiensi blower = 40 % - 70 %
Diambil = 50 %
HP shaft =
3,192
0,5
= 6,382
6,5 HP
SPESIFIKASI
Tipe
: Centrifugal Blower
Kapasitas
: 1467,495
Jumlah
: 2 buah
Bahan konstruksi
: Carbon Steel
ft 3
menit
Tipe
Perhitungan :
Komponen
C6H5COOH
kg/j
703,8596
lb/j
1551,7430
Fraksi berat
0,990
H2O
6,7576
710,6172
14,8980
1566,641
0,010
1,000
Total
C - 100
lb
ft 3
sg C 6 H 5 COOH = 1,316
C
6 H 5 COOH
campuran
1
0,99 0,01
80,78 61,38
Rate volumetrik =
HP =
lb
ft 3
80,53
lb
ft 3
1566,641
80,53
= 19,454
ft 3
j
= 0,324
ft 3
menit
C L W F
33.000
(Pustaka 3,
713)
Keterangan :
C = kapasitas screw conveyor,
ft 3
menit
W = berat material, ft 3
F = faktor material
material 80,53
lb
ft 3
F=3
(Pustaka 3, 711)
Kelas material = d
Direncanakan panjang screw conveyor = 7 ft
Jadi, HP =
0,324 7 80,53 3
33.000
= 0,0166 HP
Karena power < 2 HP, maka :
C - 101
HP = 2
0,0166 = 0,033 HP
(Pustaka 3,
713)
Diambil power motor = 0,5 HP
Pustaka 3, fig. 16 20 :
Rate volumetrik = 19,454
ft 3
j
Kelas material = d
SPESIFIKASI
Tipe
Kapasitas
: 19,454
Ukuran
: Diameter = 6 in
ft 3
j
Panjang = 7 ft
Kecepatan putar
: 12 rpm
Power motor
: 0,5 HP
Jumlah
: 1 buah
Tipe
Dasar pemilihan
Gambar
Perhitungan :
Komponen
C6H5COOH
kg/j
703,8596
H2O
6,7576
Total
710,6172
Kapasitas Asam Benzoat yang dipindahkan = 0,7 ton/j
Pustaka 31, 7 13:
C - 102
ft/menit
Sehingga untuk kapasitas = 0,7 ton/j, maka :
Kecepatan bucket elevator =
0,7
225
14
= 11,25 ft/menit
-
Power motor =
(Pustaka 29,
1350)
0,7 2 25
1000
= 0,035 HP
0,5 HP
SPESIFIKASI
Tipe
Kapasitas
: 0,7 ton/j
Ukuran
: 6
Kecepatan
: 11,25 ft/menit
Bucket spacing
: 12 in
Tinggi bucket
: 25 ft
Power
: 0,5 HP
Jumlah
: 1 buah
4,5
Tipe
Perhitungan :
Komponen
kg/j
C - 103
C6H5COOH
703,8596
H2O
6,7576
710,6172
Total
Kapasitas = 710,6172 kg/j
= 1.316 kg/m3
Rate volumetrik =
710,6172
1316
= 0,540 m3/j
Waktu penampungan = 8 jam
8 = 4,320 m3
volume material
= 1,1 4,320 = 4,752 m3
= 30o
4,320
= 0,54 m3/j
8
= 0,009 m3/menit
Diambil, kecepatan linier keluar nozzle = 0,6 m/menit
S=
0,009
= 0,015 m2
0,6
S=
M2
4
M=
0,015
= 0,138 m = 0,454 ft
Diameter Pengeluaran
Ditetapkan : Hs = 1,5
Vs =
=
D 2 Hs
4
D 2 1,5 D
4
= 1,178 D3
C - 104
DM
hc = 2 tg
=
D 0,138
2 tg 30
D 0,138
1,1547
= 0,866 . D 0,1195
Volume konis :
= 0,262 hc D 2 D.M M 2
= 0,262 0,866 D 0,1195 D 2 D.M M 2
= 0,262 0,866 D 0,1195 D 2 0,138D 0,019044
= 0,227 D 0,03131 D 2 0,138 D 0,019044
= 0,227 D 3 0,031326 D 2 0,00432 D 0,03131D 2 0,00432 D 0,000596
= 0,227 D 3 0,003724
Volume bin = volume silinder + volume konis
4,7572 = 1,178D3 + 0,227D3 0,003724
4,755724 = 1,405D3
D3 =
4,755724
1,405
= 3,385
D = 1,5 m = 4,92 ft
Tinggi Bin
D
= 1,5 1,5
Hs = 1,5
= 2,25 m = 7,38 ft
hc = 0,886D 0,1195
= (0,866
1,5) 0,1195
= 1,1795 m = 3,87 ft
H bin = Hs + hc
= 7,38 + 3,87
= 11,25 ft
C - 105
Tebal Bin
-
r b g
gc
2 'k '
1 e
2 ' k ' Z T
Keterangan :
PB = tekanan vertikal pada dasar bejana
b
'
k '
= ratio pressure
= jari-jari bin
1316 2,205
35,31
= 82,2 lb/cuft
Ditetapkan : ' = 0,5
m = angle internal pressure = 32o
1 sin m
1 0,5299
= 1 0,5299 = 0,307
1 sin m
r=.D=
4,92 = 2,461 ft
3,5576
C - 106
3,5576
4
1,5
= 2,014 m
Tinggi total material :
ZT = hc + Hm
= 1,1795 + 2,014
= 3,1935 m = 10,477 ft
PB =
2,461 82,2 1
1 e
2 0,5 0,307
2 0 , 5 0 , 307 10 , 477
2 , 461
= 480,603 lb/ft2
= 3,337 psi
-
3,337
= 1,0245 psi
Jadi, tekanan total = P op = 3,337 + 1,0245 = 4,3615 psi
Pdesign = 1,2
4,3615
= 5,234 psi
Jenis las : Single Welded Butt Joint tanpa bucking up strip
e = 0,7
P.D
c
2. f .e P
5,234 4,92 12
1
= 0,142 in
t konis
3/16 in
P.D
c
2 . f . e . cos
5,234 4,92 12
1
= 0,145 in
3/16 in
SPESIFIKASI
C - 107
Tipe
Ukuran
: D = 4,92 ft
t konis = 3/16 in
t silinder = 3/16 in
h konis = 3,87 ft
H silinder = 7,38 ft
H bin = 11,25 ft
D pengeluaran = 0,454 ft
Bahan konstruksi
Tipe
: Pompa Centrifugal.
Sketsa
Perhitungan :
Dari App. A diperoleh :
Rate massa = 1313,3891 lb/j
L = 53,879 lb/cuft
Rate volumetrik =
1313,3891
= 24,377 cuft/j
53,879
= 0,406 cuft/menit
= 3,039 gpm
L = 0,519 cP
C - 108
380 q fm
Di
380 53,879 0,406
0,6 0,519
144
= 14,7 +
= 24,35 psia
P2 = 14,7 psia
P = 9,65 psia
Z = 1,5 ft
Z1 = 2 ft
Z2 = 3,5 ft
V1 = V2 =
Q
A
0,406
= 0,00371 60
= 1,824 ft/dt
Digunakan pipa commercial steel,
= 0,00015
0,13
D
f = 0,029
L
30
D
C - 109
Leq = 3
30
D=3
13
D=1
340
0,824
= 6,18 ft
12
0,824
= 0,89 ft
12
L
340
D
L
13
D
30
D=1
340
0,824
= 23,35 ft +
12
Leq = 30,42 ft
L pipa lurus = 40 ft
L pipa total = 30,42 + 40 = 70,42 ft
Rugi gesekan yang terjadi :
1. Rugi karena gesekan sepanjang pipa
F=
f .L.V 2
2.D.gc
Kc . V 2
2 gc
Kc = 0
=0
V1 V2 2
2 gc
(V1 - V2) = 0
=0
F Wf
gc 2 gc
C - 110
9,65 144
1,5 1 0 1,538 Wf
53,879
WQ
Tenaga pompa =
= 53,879
28,83
0,406
60
= 10,51 ft lb/dt
= 0,0191 HP
Effisiensi pompa = 5 %
0,0191
0,382
0,478 HP
0,8
: Pompa Centrifugal
Kapasitas
: 3,039 gpm
Effisiensi pompa
:5%
Power pompa
: 0,382 HP
Effisiensi motor
: 80 %
Power motor
: 0,5 HP
Jumlah
Tipe
: Pompa Centrifugal.
Sketsa
C - 111
Perhitungan :
Dari App. A diperoleh :
Rate massa = 3252,4622 lb/j
L = 51,93 lb/cuft
L = 0,331 cp
3252,4662
380 q fm
Di
C - 112
51,93 0,4720
144
= 14,7 +
= 14,87 psia
P2 = 5 atm = 73,5 psia
P = 58,63 psia
Z = 11,031 ft
Z1 = 2 ft
Z2 = 13,031ft
V1 = V2 =
Q
A
1,032
= 0,006 60
= 2,867 ft/dt
= 0,00015
0,0026
D
f = 0,0255
30
D=3
13
D=1
340
1,049
= 15,735 ft
12
D=1
1,049
= 1,136 ft
12
L
= 340
D
L
13
D
30
340
1,049
= 29,722 ft +
12
Leq = 46,593 ft
L pipa lurus = 39,531 ft
C - 113
f .L.V 2
2.D.gc
Kc = 0
Kc . V 2
2 gc
=0
(V1 - V2) = 0
V1 V2 2
=0
2 gc
F Wf
gc 2 gc
(Pustaka32, 501)
58,63 144
11,031 1 0 3,21 Wf
51,939
Tenaga pompa =
WQ
= 51,93 176,820
1,032
60
= 157,9349 ft lb/dt
= 0,287 HP
Effisiensi pompa = 10%
Power pompa =
0,287
2,872 3 HP
0,1
C - 114
Power motor =
2,872
03,589 4 HP
0,8
SPESIFIKASI
Tipe
: Pompa Centrifugal
Kapasitas
: 7,7189gpm
Effisiensi pompa
: 10 %
Power pompa
: 3 HP
Effisiensi motor
: 80 %
Power motor
: 4 HP
Jumlah
Tipe
: Pompa Centrifugal.
Sketsa
C - 115
Perhitungan :
Dari App. A diperoleh :
Rate massa = 3673,6769 lb/j
L = 52,542 lb/cuft
L = 0,331 cP
3673,6769
380 q fm
Di
380 52,542 1,165
0,45 0,3331
P = 4 atm = 4
Z1 = 0 ft
Z = 25 ft
Z2 = 25 ft
V2 =
Q
A
1,165
= 0,0513 60
= 0,3785 ft/dt
Digunakan pipa commercial steel,
= 0,00015
C - 116
0,0024
D
f = 0,0285
30
D=4
13
D=1
340
3,068
= 30,68 ft
12
3,068
= 3,324 ft
12
L
340
D
L
13
D
30
D=1
340
3,068
= 86,927 ft +
12
Leq = 120,931ft
L pipa lurus = 34 ft
L pipa total = 154,931ft
Rugi gesekan yang terjadi :
1. Rugi karena gesekan sepanjang pipa
F=
f .L.V 2
2.D.gc
0,038
lbf
lbm
Kc . V 2
2 gc
Kc = 0
=0
(V1 V2) = 0
C - 117
Fe =
V1 V2 2
=0
2 gc
F Wf
gc 2 gc
8464,8
25 1 0 0,038 Wf
60,874
Tenaga pompa =
WQ
= 52,542 164,092
1,165
60
= 167,405 ft lb/dt
= 0,3 HP
Effisiensi pompa = 40 %
0,3
: Pompa Centrifugal
Kapasitas
: 8,7179 gpm
Effisiensi pompa
: 40 %
Power pompa
: 0,3 HP
Effisiensi motor
: 80 %
Power motor
: 0,76 HP
Jumlah
C - 118
Fungsi
Tipe
: Pompa Centrifugal.
Sketsa
Perhitungan :
1 2 3 51,93
lb
ft 3
1 2 3 0,228 cP
Pada Titik 1 :
Rate pemompaan = 2037,7920 lb/j
Rate volumetrik
2037,7920
ft 3
0
,
654
4,892 gpm
=
51,93 60
menit
380 q fm
Di
C - 119
Q
A
0,654
= 0,006 60
= 1,82 ft/dt
1,82
V1
ft lbf
0,051
2 gc 2 1 32,17
lbm
2
=1
(Pustaka 32,
509)
= 0,00015
0,00175
D
f = 0,0038
30
D=3
13
D=1
340
1,049
= 10,49 ft
12
D=1
1,049
= 1,14 ft
12
L
= 340
D
L
13
D
30
340
1,049
= 29,722 ft +
12
C - 120
Leq = 41,35 ft
L pipa lurus = 6,652 ft
L pipa total = 48,002 ft
Z1 = 3 ft
P1 = P op + P hid
51,93 0,43
144
= 14,7 psia +
= 14,86 psia
2
0,0038 48,002 1,82
f L V1
F1 =
=
1,049
2 32,17
2 gc D
12
= 0,107 ft lbf/lbm
Pada Titik 2 :
Rate pemompaan = 98,8902 lb/j
Rate volumetrik
98,8902
ft 3
0,032
51,93 60
menit
380 q fm
Di
Q
A
0,032
= 0,00072 60
= 0,741 ft/dt
C - 121
2 gc 2 1 32,17
lbm
2
=1
(Pustaka 32,
509)
= 0,00015
0,00015
D 0,364
12
= 0,0049
(Pustaka 11,
App. C 1)
f = 0,036
30
D=6
13
D=1
340
20
0,364
= 0,394 ft
12
D=1
340
0,364
= 10,31 ft
12
L
= 20
D
- 1 buah tee
Leq = 1
0,364
= 5,46 ft
12
L
= 340
D
L
13
D
30
0,364
= 0,61 ft
12
Leq = 16,774 ft
L pipa lurus = 45,934 ft
L pipa total = 62,708 ft
Z2 = 24,89 ft
P2 = 14,7 psia
C - 122
f L V2
F2 =
=
2 gc D
= 0,635 ft lbf/lbm
Pada Titik 3 :
Rate pemompaan = 2037,7920 lb/j
Rate volumetrik
2037,7920
ft 3
0
,
654
=
51,93 60
menit
380 q fm
Di
V1 =
0,654
= 0,006 60
= 1,817 ft/dt
V3
1,817 0,05 ft lbf
2 gc 2 1 32,17
lbm
2
=1
(Pustaka 32,
509)
Digunakan pipa commercial steel,
= 0,00015
0,00175
D
C - 123
f = 0,0245
30
D=3
13
D=1
340
1,049
= 10,49 ft
12
D=1
1,049
= 1,14 ft
12
L
= 340
D
L
13
D
30
340
1,049
= 29,722 ft +
12
Leq = 41,35 ft
L pipa lurus = 50 ft
L pipa total = 91,35 ft
Z3 = 3,52 ft
P3 = 14,7 psia
2
0,0245 91,35 1,817
f L V1
F1 =
=
1,049
2 32,17
2 gc D
12
= 1,314 ft lbf/lbm
Persamaan Bernoully :
C - 124
2
2
2
P2
P3
P1
g
V2
g
V3
g
V1
m2
Z2
m3 Z 3 gc 2 gc m1 Z1 gc 2 gc
gc
2
gc
m1 F1 m2 F2 m3 F3 m1 Wf
14,7 144
14,7 144
98,8902
24,89 0,0085 2037,7920
3,52 0,05
51,93
51,93
14,86 144
2037,7920
3 0,051
51,93
4,713
0,654
60
= 2,668 ft lb/dt
= 0,005 HP
Effisiensi pompa : 15 %
0,005
38)
Power motor =
0,033
= 0,042 HP
0,8
: Pompa Centrifugal
Kapasitas
: 4,892 gpm
Effisiensi pompa
: 15 %
Power pompa
: 0,033 HP
Effisiensi motor
: 80 %
Power motor
: 0,5 HP
C - 125
Jumlah
Tipe
: Pompa Centrifugal.
Sketsa
Perhitungan :
Dari App. A diperoleh :
Rate massa = 1734,7930 lb/j
L = 62,665 lb/cuft
L = 0,345 cP
1734,7930
380 q fm
Di
C - 126
P = 0 psia
Z = 10,86 ft
Z1 = 0 ft
Z2 = 10,86 ft
V1 = 0
V2 =
Q
A
0,461
= 0,00371 60
= 2,071 ft/dt
= 0,00015
0,0024
D
f = 0,0285
30
D=4
13
D=1
340
0,824
= 8,24 ft
12
D=1
0,824
= 0,89 ft
12
L
340
D
L
13
D
30
340
0,824
= 23,35 ft +
12
C - 127
Leq = 32,48 ft
L pipa lurus = 34 ft
L pipa total = 66,88 ft
Rugi gesekan yang terjadi :
1. Rugi karena gesekan sepanjang pipa
f .L.V 2
F=
2.D.gc
Kc . V 2
2 gc
Kc = 0,5
0,5 2,071
ft lbf
0,0333
2 1 32,17
lbm
2
V1 V2 2
2 gc
2,071 2
2 1 32,17
0,0667
ft lbf
lbm
F Wf
gc 2 gc
Tenaga pompa =
WQ
= 62,665
12,8657
0,461
60
= 6,19 ft lb/dt
= 0,0113 HP
Effisiensi pompa = 5 %
0,0113
C - 128
0,23
: Pompa Centrifugal
Kapasitas
: 3,449 gpm
Effisiensi pompa
:5%
Power pompa
: 0,23 HP
Effisiensi motor
: 80 %
Power motor
: 0,5 HP
Jumlah
Tipe
: Pompa Centrifugal.
Sketsa
C - 129
L = 0,3565 cP
39287,8686
380 q fm
Di
380 60,874 10,757
2,6 0,3565
Z = 7,6 ft
Z1 = 3 ft
Z2 = 10,6 ft
V1 = V2 =
Q
A
10,757
= 0,0513 60
= 3,495 ft/dt
Digunakan pipa commercial steel,
= 0,00015
0,00059
D
f = 0,028
L
30
D
C - 130
Leq = 4
30
D=3
13
D=1
340
D=1
3,068
= 3,32 ft
12
L
340
D
3,068
= 30,68 ft
12
L
13
D
30
340
3,068
= 86,93 ft +
12
Leq = 120,93 ft
L pipa lurus = 30 ft
L pipa total = 150,93 ft
Rugi gesekan yang terjadi :
1. Rugi karena gesekan sepanjang pipa
F=
f .L.V 2
2.D.gc
Kc . V 2
2 gc
Kc = 0
=0
V1 V2 2
2 gc
(V1 - V2) = 0
=0
F Wf
gc 2 gc
C - 131
338,592
7,6 1 0 3,138 Wf
60,874
Tenaga pompa =
WQ
= 60,874
16,3
10,757
60
= 177,893 ft lb/dt
= 0,323 HP
Effisiensi pompa = 40 %
0,323
: Pompa Centrifugal
Kapasitas
: 80,465 gpm
Effisiensi pompa
: 40 %
Power pompa
: 0,81 HP
Effisiensi motor
: 80 %
Power motor
: 1,0125 HP
Jumlah
Tipe
: Pompa Centrifugal.
Sketsa
:
C - 132
Perhitungan :
Dari App. A diperoleh :
Rate massa = 39261,7405 lb/j
L = 60,87 lb/cuft
L = 0,373 cP
39261,7405
380 q fm
Di
380 60,87 10,75
2,7 0,373
Z = 17 ft
Z2 = 20 ft
C - 133
V1 = V2 =
Q
A
10,75
= 0,0513 60
= 3,493 ft/dt
= 0,00015
0,00059
D
f = 0,028
30
D=3
13
D=1
340
D=1
3,068
= 3,32 ft
12
L
340
D
3,068
= 46,02 ft
12
L
13
D
30
340
3,068
= 86,93 ft +
12
Leq = 136,27 ft
L pipa lurus = 45 ft
L pipa total = 181,27 ft
Rugi gesekan yang terjadi :
1. Rugi karena gesekan sepanjang pipa
F=
f .L.V 2
2.D.gc
2
32,17
12
C - 134
A1 = A2
Fc =
Kc = 0
Kc . V 2
2 gc
=0
(V1 - V2) = 0
V1 V2 2
=0
2 gc
F Wf
gc 2 gc
423,36
17 1 0 3,765 Wf
60,87
Tenaga pompa =
WQ
= 60,874
27,72
10,75
60
= 302,311 ft lb/dt
= 0,55 HP
Effisiensi pompa = 40 %
0,55
: Pompa Centrifugal
Kapasitas
: 80,417 gpm
Effisiensi pompa
: 40 %
Power pompa
: 1,375 HP
Effisiensi motor
: 80 %
Power motor
: 1,72 HP
C - 135
Jumlah
C - 136