:

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

H+

-IV ,
.
ATP
ATP
H+
-IV.
, NADH
, Fe-S .
4 H+
. ,
2 H+
QH2.
,

.
, FADH2
.

- , .

, .
2 H+ ,
2 e-. 1 e-
Fe-S Rieske
c1, c. e-
b,
b,
, ( ).
, ,
, 2 H+ ,
c, e-
b ,
QH2. ,
.

3.

1.

NADH/Q

 NADH
H+ , 2e-
FMN, FAD 2H+
2e-. , FMN
Fe-S ( Q)
.
4H+
. QH2
.
NADH + H+ + Q --> QH2 + 4H+mit
2.

FADH2/Q

,

.
FAD FADH2,
FAD . e-
Fe-S , 2H+ FADH2
QH2.
+ FAD+ --> + FADH2
FADH2 + Q --> QH2 + FAD+
3.

c.

2e-
c, 2H+
. ,
, 2e-
. 1e- 2Fe-2S
, Rieske, e-
( -
,
b) c1 Fe3+
Fe2+. c1 e c, IV.
e- b,
, Q,
,
Q-.
, , e-
b, ,
QH2
2H+ .
4.

c
,
O2,

 2 H2O. c
IV 2e-
CuA, 2 CuA-CuA. , 2e CuA-CuA ,
3. e-
3 CuB, 3.
1 O2
Fe-Cu 1 O22-. ,
2 c,
1 O22-. , 4H+
, O22-
2 H2O.
, :
4 ferrocyt c + 4H+N + 4H+N + O2 ==> 4 ferricyt c+ + 2H2O + 4H+P

ATP ,
F0 F1. F0
, . F0
a, 10-14
c. F1
,
33,
, b2

F0 .
, ,
. ,
,
, (O), (T) (L).

. ,
c .
c
,
120, .
ATP . ,

( )

. ,
ADP Pi ,
(L) /.
c :
a , , ,
,

 ,
. H+
-IV
, ,
. , H+

.
c Asp61, COO-.

, H+,
Asp61 ,
Asp,
H+, .
, c
. , , c
a
. c ,

, H+ ,
H+.
,
, .
c 360. ,
10-14 H+, c
. 120
. ,
360 3 . 360
10-14 H+, 4 H+
.

Inhibits ATP synthase by blocking the flow of protons through the Fo
subunit. If oligomycin inhibits ATP synthase, protons cannot pass back into
the mitochondrion. As a result, the proton pumps are unable to operate,
as the gradient becomes too strong for them to overcome. NADH is then
no longer oxidized and the citric acid cycle ceases to operate because the
concentration of NAD+ falls below the concentration that these enzymes
can use.