4

3
CFDRC


4.1

(Case Validation)
4.1.1 (Pre-processing)



4.1.1.1 (Creating geometry)
CFD-GEOM
CFDRC 3
4.1
45

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46

45 degree-Cut diffuser
Diffuser
Inlet
airflow

Impeller

Impeller Rotation

4.1
4.1.1.2 (Meshing)


(Convergence)

Structured

Unstructured
Structured

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47

(Grid independence solutions)

(Gradient)
(Bakker, 2002) Log-law
Fully turbulence (50 y+ 500) Wall function
Boundary layer

(Inlet boundary)
100,157 4.2
DTF
CFD-ACE

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4.2 100,157

48

Wall

4.3
4.1.1.3 (Flow type and Volume
condition)

CFD-ACE
(Problem type)


Model option
Volume condition (Steady)

k-epsilon
model

4.1.2.4 (Boundary conditions)

(Inlet)
(Outlet) (Wall) (Symmetry)
(Periodic or Cyclic) 4.4

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49

Cyclic
Inlet

Cyclic

Outlet

4.4
(Inlet)
Turbulent kinetic energy Energy dissipation rate
2


Turbulence kinetic energy, Energy dissipation rate

4.1.2.5 (Innitial conditions)

(Iterative method)



5,000

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50

4.1.3 (Solving)
CFD-ACE
(Iteration)
4.5 (Residual)
(Iterations)
10-6 1,500

CFD-ACE

(Difference scheme) Upwind, Central difference, Smart scheme
(Solver) Preconditioned conjugate gradient
square (PCGS) Algebraric MultiGrid (AMG) PCGS
AMG Relaxation factor

Central Difference
Blending factor 0.01 Upwind
(Diverge)
Relaxation factor 0.6

(Residual plot) Relaxation

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51

4.5 1 (Iteration)
: CFD-ACE Version 2003 User manual

4.1.4 (Post-processing)

(DTF File)
(Streamlines)
CFDVIEW CFDRC

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52

4.1.5 (Grid independence solutions)

(Residuals)

3
3

4.2 (Case Validation)

(Bend Diffuser)
(Convergence-Divergence Nozzle)
4.2.1

(Simonsen and Krogstad, 2004)

SA,Standard k-epsilon, k-epsilon renormalized group
(RNG), Renolds stress model (RSM) 4.6

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53

4.6 Bend Diffuser Simonsen and Krogstad (2004)

27
4.1
Standard k-epsilon model 0.7082 4.4

4.1 (Simonsen and Krogstad, 2004)

(Centerline Chord) 4.7
0.70 (
) Simonsen and Krogstad
3.25

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54

CPr

Outlet

Chord Length (m)

Inlet

4.7 (CPr) Bend

Diffuser

4.2.2 Sajben Diffuser

Sajben Diffuser Ng and

Yusoff (2005) Convergence-Divergence 4.8
Mach 0.46
Mach 1.3
0.7 0.5

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4.8 Sajben Diffuser (Ng and Yusoff, 2005)

55

4.9
(Ng and Yusoff, 2005)
4.9 Standard k-epsilon

5
Sajben Diffuser
4.10
Ng and Yusoff
4.11
10
17
2
Bend Diffuser Sajben Diffuser


2

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56

P/PT In

Inlet

Centerline Chord (m)

Outlet

4.10

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Shock

Separation point

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4.11 (Contours)

57

4.3
5
(Impeller) 5,000 , 15,000 , 25,000 ,
35,000 , 45,000
Turbulent kinetic energy Energy
dissipation rate (Cell center) (
)
(Pressure recovery coefficient, CPr) (Pressure
loss)

4.3.1


(Separation) Boundary layer
Laser
Doppler
Velocimeter (LDV)
(Hayashi et al., 2000)
4.3.1.1

(Tangential velocity) (Radial velocity)

(Spiral way)

(Wilson and Korakianitis, 1998)

4.12 (Path
line)
5,000 45,000 (Inlet Mach 0.45)

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58

5,000 RPM

45,000 RPM

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4.12
5,000 45,000

59

4.3.1.2
Boundary layer

(Strong positive pressure gradient)

(Recirculation zone)
(Separation point)
4.13

Separation point
Circulation zone

4.13 (45,000 RPM)

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Chiang Mai University

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(Centerline chord) (Outlet)

(Inlet) 4.14

60

Pressure refferenced to exit (Pa )

5,000 rpm

Outlet

Chord length (m)

Inlet

()
Pressure refferenced to exit (Pa)

Pressure refferenced to exit ( Pa )

15,000 rpm

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Outlet

Chord length (m)

Inlet

()
4.14 (Centerline
chord) 5,000 45,000

61

Pressure refferenced to exit (Pa)

25,000 rpm

Outlet

Chord length (m)

Inlet

()
Pressure refferenced to exit (Pa)

35,000 rpm

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Outlet

Chord length (m)

Inlet

()
4.14 ()
(Centerline chord) 5,000 45,000

62

Pressure referenced to exit (Pa)

45,000 rpm

Outlet

Chord length (m)

Inlet

()
4.14 ()
(Centerline chord) 5,000 45,000

Diffusion
( 0.1 0.13)
(Pressure gradient)

Copyright 4.3.1.4by
Mai
University
Chiang

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(Mach)

0.1
(Cohen et al., 2001)

63

4.15
()
Mach number

5,000 RPM

Outlet

Chord length (m)

Inlet

()
Mach number

15,000 RPM

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Outlet

Chord length (m)

Inlet

()
4.15
5,000 45,000

64

Mach number

25,000 RPM

Outlet

Chord length (m)

Inlet

()
Mach number

35,000 RPM

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Outlet

Chord length (m)

Inlet

()
4.15 ()
5,000 45,000

65

Mach number

45,000 RPM

Outlet

Chord length (m)

Inlet

()
4.15 ()
5,000 45,000
4.3.1.5

(Turbulent kinetic energy: k)
2
k
4.16 45,000

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66

Turbulent kinetic energy (m2/s2)

Chord length (m)

4.16
45,000
4.3.2 (Pressure recovery coefficient : CPr )
(CPr)

2 CPr

0.7

0.6
0.5

Cpr

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0.4
0.3
0.2

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0.1
0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

Impeller speed (RPM)

4.17

67

4.3.3 (Total pressure loss)

(Total pressure loss)


(Impeller speed) 4.18

Pressure loss (Pa)

450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

Impeller speed (RPM)

4.18

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