UMTS Global Standard for 3G

Wireless Communication

Shariq Yasin
Sr. Manager (RNE)
3G Technologies (Guarantee) Ltd.

29th January, 2009

Central Asian CDMA Forum

Provide CDMA/WCDMA technology and development awareness,

training and related industry support in Central Asia through;
Training & HR Development Collaboration with Governments,
Regulatory Agencies, Operators, Academia, Professionals and
Manufacturers
Benchmarking of the Industry
Technical Audit of Networks & Services
Media and advocacy
Inter-active discussion portal
Roaming and specifications development (associate
membership of CDG)
Consultancies
Develop relationship with other Technology Development
Organizations
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Accomplishments

Inter-active online portal

Region Telecom Industry News, Technology Information, Discussion Forum

& Job Postings

Series of CDMA awareness programs on FM radio network on CDMA

Technology
Trainings Conducted

Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan Operators & MOC/Regulator, INPT/WANA

Moroco, Afghan Telecom, PTCL, PTA, FAB, Diallog, HEC, UET Lahore,
IQRA University, DVcom, GIKI, IMS Peshawar, Telecard, Comsats etc.

Co-operation with other CDMA organizations like CDG, CDMAU, CCF,

GHRC and regional CDMA Forum such as Africa CDMA Forum
Bench marking & Audit of CDMA operators
Establishment of CDMA HR Development Centre.
Establishment of permanent Engineering Services Working Group (ESWG)
to resolve technical issues between CDMA operators
GHRC Initiative for Pakistan WLL Operators
Held Seminars on UMTS awareness and regulations in Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan and Pakistan

Sections

Multiple Access
IMT2000 Umbrella
Evolution Path
UMTS Services
UMTS Overview
Network Architecture
Codes and Channels
LTE Overview
UMTS Deployment and General Aspects
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Multiple Access

Multiple Access Techniques

Multiple Access

To maximize the usage of scarce resource like

Frequency.

Three widely used techniques

Frequency Division Multiple Access

Time Division Multiple Access
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
Code Division Multiple Access

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FH-SS)

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DS-SS)

IMT2000 Umbrella

ITU, IMT2000

ITU (International Telecommunication Union)

Specialized agency of UN.

Standardization of Telecommunication and allocation of Spectrum
The Telecommunication Standardization Sector, ITU-T
The Radiocommunication Sector, ITU-R
The Telecommunication Development Sector, ITU-D

IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications)

Defined by ITU for the Global Standard for 3rd Generation wireless
communications in 1999
Includes six radio interfaces as a part of the ITU-R M.1457
Recommendation:

WCDMA (UTRA-FDD)
CDMA2000
TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA
EDGE
DECT
IP-OFDMA TDD WMAN (in 2007)

3GPP

3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)

Created in Dec 1998, for the collaboration between

telecommunication associations to develop globally
acceptable 3G mobile phone system under the scope of
IMT-2000
Technical Specifications and Technical Reports for a 3G
Mobile System based on evolved GSM core networks and
the radio access technologies that they support (i.e.,
Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) both Frequency
Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD)
modes).

Evolution Path

Need for Evolution

Global Standard for cost effectiveness

New Services (Video Telephony)

Spectral Efficiency to accommodate more subscribers

More Throughput (more UL and DL requirements)

Global Roaming

Achieving Customer Expectations

Roadmap to Future Evolution

Vendor Support

EOM: (End of marketing) End of new order (1~2 Yr)

EOFS: (End of Full support) End of bug fixing (3 Yr)
EOS: (End of Service) End of Service Supporting (4 Yr)

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Evolution of 3G: Data Rates

12

Timeline: UMTS and CDMA2000

13

Evolution of 3G

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UMTS Services

Call Types

Voice Call

Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Voice Codec

Packet Switched (PS) Data

Reuses NAS layer of GPRS

Circuit Switched (CS) Data

Includes Sync / Async Data

Includes Group 3 Fax
Protocols the same as for GSM

Location Based Services (LBS)

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Service classified

Multi- Services requires service classified QoS

Time-delay sensitivity

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Device Support

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UMTS Overview

UMTS and W-CDMA

UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System

UMTS encompasses the entire mobile communication system,

including the two core networks, and up to three radio access
networks.

Non-Access
Stratum (NAS)

Access
Stratum

PS-Core
Network

CS-Core
Network

UTRA-FDD

UTRA-TDD

(WCDMA)

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GSM/GPRS

What is UMTS/WCDMA?
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System/Wideband CDMA is a 3G, Direct Sequence CDMA-based
Radio Access Network (RAN), with chip rate of 3.84 Mcps.
Designed to be deployed under GSM/GPRS network.
WCDMA refers to the FDD Physical Layer and
the protocols that support it.
UTRAN refers to the UMTS/WCDMA Radio Access
network.
UMTS refers to the entire network.

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UMTS/WCDMA Spectrum

The carrier frequency is designated by the UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency

Channel Number (UARFCN), where

Fcenter = UARFCN * 200 KHz

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UMTS/WCDMA Bandwidth

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3GPP Standards
Release 99

Release 4

Release 5

FDD and TDD at 3.84 Mcps

TDD at 1.28 Mcps

UTRAN Transport to IP

Services as in GSM/GPRS

UTRA Repeater

IP Based Multimedia Services

Support for Multicall

Core Network Transport to IP

Location Services

Non-transparent Real-Time
Facsimile

A-GPS with Open Interface

for SMLC and RNC
HSDPA

HSDPA

HSUPA

Release 8

Included in Release 5

Release 6 & 7

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Adaptive modulation and coding

New Channels Added (E-DCH)

Multiple codes allocation

New Physical Dedicated

Channels for UL and DL

Physical Layer HARQ

DL Rates as high as 10 Mbps

UL Rates as high as 5.4 Mbps

New Access Technology

based on OFDMA, CDMA
and TDMA
DL Rates as high as
100Mbps
UL Rates as high as 50Mbps

HSPA Release 7+
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Network Architecture

UMTS Network Topology

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WCDMA R5 Network Architecture

IP/ATM Backbone

CS domain
MG
W

GSM /GPRS BSS

VMSC ServerGMSC Server

BSC

HLR/AUC/HS
S
SCE

BTS

Iu-CS
PCU

SS7

RNC
NodeB

PSTN/PLMN

MG
W

SMS

SCP

Iu-PS
SGSN

UTRAN

PS
domain

Internet,
Intranet

GPRS
backbone

GGSN
MGW

CG

MGCF

BG
IP backbone

S-CSCF

P-CSCF
MRFC
MRFP

IMS domain

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WCDMA RAN Architecture

Core Network
Iu

Iu

RNS

RNS

Iur
RNC

RNC

Iub

Iub

Iub

Node B

Node B

Node B

Previous interfaces with new identities

New Interfaces like Iur
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Iub
Node B

Link Types

RAB
RB
CN

UE

RNC

RL
NodeB
RL: Radio Link
RB: Radio Bearer

RAB: Radio Access Bearer

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UE Modes of Connection

Idle Mode

(No active Connection)

Cell_DCH

CS and PS Call connected

with handover

Cell_FACH

PS Connected with Cell

Update

Cell_PCH

PS Dormant with Cell Update

URA_PCH

PS Dormant with URA Update

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Codes and Channels

Codes in UMTS/WCDMA

OVSF Codes: Orthogonal Codes

Gold Codes: Spreading Codes

DL PSC: 512, SSC: 7680

UL Scrambling Codes: 16.8 million

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OVSF & Walsh

Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)
Cch,2,0 = (1,1)
Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)
Cch,1,0 = (1)
Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)
Cch,2,1 = (1,-1)

Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)
SF = 1

SF = 2

SF = 4

OVSF codes (Walsh) are completely orthogonal and their mutual correlation is zero.
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Purpose of OVSF

Downlink SF of typical service

Typical service

Data rate

Downlink
SF

AMR

12.2, kbps

128

VP

64kbps

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144kbps

144kbps

16

384kbps

384kbps

HSDPA

14.4mbps for one cell

16

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Physical Layer Procedures

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UMTS Logical Channel

Broadcast Control Channel BCCH
Paging Control Channel

PCCH

Dedicated Control Channel DCCH

Control ChannelCCH

Common Control Channel CCCH

Dedicated Traffic Channel DTCH

Common Traffic Channel

CTCH

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Traffic ChannelTCH

UMTS Transport Channel

Dedicated Channel

DCH

DCH includes uplink and downlink

Broadcast Channel

BCH

Forward Access Channel

FACH

Paging Channel

PCH

Random Access Channel

RACH

Dedicated transport
channel

Common transport
channel

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Channel Mapping

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Functions of Physical Channel

Cell broadcast channels
P-CPICH Primary Common Pilot Channel
S-CPICH Secondary Common Pilot Channel
P-CCPCH- Primary Common Control Physical Channel
SCH Synchronous Channel
Paging channel
S-CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel
PICH Paging Indicator Channel
Random access channel

Node B

PRACH Physical Random Access Channel

AICH Acquisition Indicator Channel
Dedicated channel
DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel

High speed downlink shared channel

HS-SCCH High Speed Shared Control Channel
HS-PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel
HS-DPCCH High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel

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UE

LTE Overview

Long Term Evolution

The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has

approved the functional freeze of LTE (Long Term
Evolution) as part of 3GPP Release 8 - 11th December
2008
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has
been selected for the Downlink and Single CarrierFrequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for the
Uplink. The Downlink will support data modulation
schemes QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM and the Uplink will
support BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK and 16QAM.
Supports MIMO and SMART Antenna technology

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LTE Performance Requirement

Metric

Requirement

Peak Data Rates

DL: 100 Mbps

UL: 50 Mbps
(for 20MHz spectrum)

Mobility Support

Up to 500kmph
Optimized to 0 to 15kmph

User Plane Latency

<5ms

Control Plane Capacity

>200 users per cell

(for 5MHz spectrum)

Coverage
(Cell Size)

5 ~ 100km with slight

degradation after 30km

Spectrum Flexibility

1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 MHz

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LTE Logical Channels

Control Channel

Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)

Paging Control Channel (PCCH)
Common Control Channel (CCCH)
Multicast Control Channel (MCCH)

Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)

Traffic Channel

Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)

Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH)

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LTE Transport Channels

Downlink Channels

Broadcast Channel (BCH)

Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)
Paging Channel (PCH)
Multicast Channel (MCH)

Uplink Channels

Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)

Random Access Channel (RACH)

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LTE Entities

Evolved NodeB (eNB)

Evolved Radio Access Network (eRAN)

Serving Gateway (SGW)

Mobility Management Entity (MME)

Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN GW)

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LTE Advance

ITU has introduced a term IMT-Advanced for

mobile systems beyond IMT-2000 scope.
In June 2008, 3GPP held two workshops on
Requirements for Further Advancements for
E-UTRA
IMT-Advanced 3GPP RAN working on LTEAdvanced

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UMTS Deployment and

General Aspects

UMTS Global Facts

WCDMA Subscribers

351m

HSPA Subscribers

79m

HSPA Devices

>1000

UMTS Deployments

260 in 105 countries

HSDPA Deployments

230 in 90 countries

UMTS Forum 26 Jan 2009

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Regional Status
Middle East and North Africa
Saudi Arabia,
Kuwait, Oman,
Bahrain,
Yemen, UAE,
Qatar

Egypt, Libya,
Algeria,
Morocco,
Turkey, Iran,
Iraq and
Afghanistan

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SAARC

Central Asia

India,
Bangladesh,
Maldives,
Bhutan,
Afghanistan,
Sri Lanka.
Nepal

Kyrgyzstan,
Armenia,
Georgia,
Tajikistan,
Uzbekistan,
Mongolia

UMTS Vendors

Ericsson
Huawei
LG
Alcatel-Lucent
Motorola

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Nokia Siemens Network

Samsung
NEC
Nortel Networks
ZTE

Road to Deregulation Competition

54.0

2005
Onwards

PTCL
Privatisation

45.0
35.0

2004
Onwards

Launch of
New
Mobile/WLL/
LDI
Companies

2002
Onwards

2.1

2000

1999
Deregulation
of state
monopoly

Pakistan
IT Policy

2.3

2.4

2.5

3.1

4.0

4.6

6.3

1994

1992

01st GSM
License

Paging
Licenses

DNOP/VAS
Licenses,

1994
PTCL gets
GSM License
1994
Onward
s
Telecom Sector
Reorganisation

1991

1990

Card Payphone
Licenses

Paging
License

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11.0

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

PTCL WLL

1993

7.0

1989

1962

Two
AMPS
Cellular
Licenses

Pakistan
T&T

1947

Post and
Telegraph
Dept

Pakistan Government
Telecommunication Bodies

MOITT (Ministry of IT and Telecoms)

PTA (Pakistan Telecom Authority)

Responsible for promoting & development of telecommunication systems and services

Allocates radio frequency spectrum to the Government, providers of telecommunication

services, radio and television broadcasting operators, public and private wireless operators
and others
Separate from, but reporting to (at least in theory) PTA.

NTC (National telecommunication Corporation)

Regulates the establishment, operation and maintenance of telecommunication systems

FAB (Frequency Allocation Board)

Generation of Policy, and Oversight on PTA, FAB, PSEB, USF,ICT R&D Fund and PTCL.

Limited mandate to provide services to the Government

SCO (Special Communications Organization)

Limited mandate to provide services to Azad Kashmir

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UMTS in Pakistani Scenario

At least two licenses were committed for auction

in IM issued by MoIT. (Each of 10 MHz)
PTA and FAB has to clear the 3G spectrum in
2.1GHz band by the end of 2006.
Delays due to:

Reluctance of Operators
Economic and Political Conditions of Pakistan
Declining ARPU
Un-identified Killer Application

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Question & Answers

References

WCDMA(UMTS) Overview, QUALCOMM UMTS University.

WCDMA for UMTS: Radio Access for Third Generation
Mobile Communications, H. Holma and A. Toskla, Second
Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2002.
HSDPA: Protocol and Physical Layer, Qualcomm UMTS
University.
HSUPA:Protocol and Physical Layer, Qualcomm UMTS
University.
LTE Technical Overview (whitepaper) Motorola
UMTS Forum (www.umts-forum.org)
UMTS World (www.umtsworld.com)

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Thank You
Shariq Yasin
shariq@3gca.org