SPE 13054 SPE eat enema Use of Pressure Transient Testing To Evaluate Fractured Reservoirs in Western Venezuela by G. Da Prat Corpoven S.A. "SPE Manbers INTEVEP S.A; J. Manaueci, Corpoven S.A; L. Prado," INTEVEP S.A. and E. Milan, ‘ii a Say Poor gros 9 AE ned parallel senllog straight Lines which Sontirae. the barren and foot nodal from # practical Gowpoint. “tae, data war snalyeed ring the. type Jocoeity pesutosstaady state flor) The snaiys Exacture permeability ratio, h which are considered porosity syatesa, have been the subject of study for Fron onoosiont viewpoint, the Ldntitioation pe still fo. subject of controversy specialty for ing conauctea to, tnprove te ‘Mgues for obtaining a betver reasrvoie sescription, JrvoLF engineering of @ Fracr valuable toshaique for revervols description and References and {llastrations at ond of paper: specifically for two porosity systems may een presented over che pase teeney yeurs?et ic Ciable, for enelvetng. Weds sted that can be. Used to make a prodiction Rovever, fron a practical viewpoint many of isting sodeis are subjected. to controversy ‘ico ‘Gonparing seal Gite eu aonsted ohare for interpretation ars. based on the existence of two parallel sealiog straight Tines as predicted bY Of tuo wentiog steaight Lines contiening the Wazren ‘ted Rast nodel fron a practical viewpoint. ‘te these wells undar atudy are completed 4a eretsonoss formations in fields ioosted in kestern Yenoauele (South West Lake of taracaibo). See Fig. The machigues, Alvorstes and sotanoe #ieida, re Gpectively: ihe formation permeabilities are Loss interred from the Lithologycal and. petrophyaical ‘how loge for wells WiGH3K and 14-2" sespectlve= ys Figr 4 shovs a pictuve of « thin section photo sBiccograph of a core taken from the vall 14mc24 Reactive porosity ccure in. breake, dn the Blaged aloite crystals: ayarocacbons stain tractares ct ptsahien to ine crystal des aad pergendion= ‘Betlavup and drawiown seats for the wells are Liehotogr, petrophysica ‘and core analyete, for Important to clearly define the contribution ofFractores, wags and mateix £0 {204d reserves. The production seraceni na. roquire the Erowteage of the basic resecreis”pacimatersy Tt ia the main objective of the present’ study to provice Ebformiion fron pressure traneiene analysis chat can be used (o adequately describe the nature of the sponaing production over the past tventy years, the nydrodynantes ‘of sista low in fracturgd,fyptena has been subject fo'Greeneive eesearehe ttt, ‘eit was said in the introgsction, even though Sonotdered a major taany from a practical viewpoint, Eaitmtch seal data with the expected bohevior “as Pition of the prossure gouge 4a not good enough © (detect presaace changes chet can identity the #220 ih other cazee, the preagure behavior at short Fevervotr. tet us Look at Fige: 5 to 10. Tey repre= ire butlavup and aavdovn date for the Cinder stay (HACH 3, ALT-YT and 14RI~ "thon in Piges 5) 6 and 7 exbindey 2m Sov’ shaper Specitically, the build up and drawdown Gate for well MACi-ax (Figs. 5 and 6) can be com Nicced a texttoor case in the sence thet two paral {et somilog stsaishe Lines cnn be drawn ehrocgh the Qatar a behavior predicted by the Harren end Root Seani? “sor inearpreting pressure teste in naturally Fractured coservolre. Aithough the initial parallel Straight Line ia not so evkseat for voile ALENT and gue ab presonted by Bourdet and Gringerten!? for {to porosity eystens allovs the identification of & Elactaced sedian. Let uo nov do a presoure teanee [Ent analyeie for each well. the reecor 1s rotered SSagpendic hy 9 and for seicaatione ang the ea wace-3x A horner gragh for this weil 4s shorn in Fase 5. Pigs 6 shove a comiclog graph of BP ve tog At Bo parallel sentlog straight Lines see anon ih [and Root 1s 0.15. One of the major points of dis~ ‘Senliog etesight Line hag bean that iz may not te deen le to velltore storage effects aot akon into SSSbent by warren and Roots Zo clarity this poizt, Tet uw anaiyee the drawdown and butld-ap data xing the type curve aueobing tochniqus. Piges 11 and 12 SACU Sine curve mecching Yor ein butldcip and Gata mitch a two porosity behavior, Initially te Shen there 12 a transition period and finaly te ats fotlove other nonogenaoss solution correspond {byes the total systen. the coloulated value of 12 0.t0 waieh 1s. in good agresent with the value Cnisilated uniog. the “erran and Hoot" technique Concerning the ‘aitial seniiog straigie Line in el of the Initial straight Line te at t= 0.72 hr ae ee Tere eek Sey A horner graph and a plot of AP vs log st are shown" in Tigtt 10. tnd 9, respectively. By Just footing at the plate, thers 19 not a leur evidence that we are dealing ‘with a evo porosity aysten Father ‘than witha. Monogenoous oyston: Fron the omer plot, it appease that carly tine data can ELE atraihe Laer” oe sans tree bot not ae hor the log-log type curve matching for ho build Sp and te acawdorny ceapectively. he evo porosity Satore Le sore evident. he data searte matchiag a Rtopenesue {eismure) solution, & transition-period Eolioes’ (aatelaefracare) and finatly the det ftches the nonogeneous. (fissure, + aatrix) sola Hoe. tse according to the Coe? value, the well fopence. tract spe of 15. for early tine 2). ae appears shat we are daating with & frace red wali fn a naturally feacturea resezvote. The Flow behavior for the early tine data then £2 ae Hal sentlopatraighe line associated vith the ‘values for w and are 0-5 and 5x10" respectively vent tamte2x ‘A horeer plot for this welt te shova sa Fig: A nsatoht Line cae euen tough sone ahh Sot a visible indication that the reservoir ta Eractused ayetens A plot of AP ve og de of the Sor anape. in observed. toting atthe. data, so parallel seni-iog stralght lines could be ran Ehroagh the palate end the Warren and Root ode! Spplied, az fe vee presented originally (act con Hering wellbore storage and akin effecte)s Figo. Portharmore, ie indicator that the initial sexilog- {eaigh Sipe iit be becured, by wettbore sterare Derioa. ihe obtained values for wand hate 0-10 ‘Obeainedy which is guite aifferest from the one Using the values obtained for y and dy 4 pren Hunmarises the results for y and Ls According to. Eeference 1) for w= 0-5 (well AUE-T), the storage Capacity can be atiributed to the fractures: there SOS ills Feactaring deneity vhece the blocks ait rations. are soait and we can say thet it to 0 Single porosity type of resorvole- For w= Ost {wells whcicde and tane2x) de can be said that the porosity), tees) ayaten of matrix and fracturesPRODUCHION FORECAST ANALYSIS the anatysis of the presasce transient. date Hetty Mbyouter nancy ‘taster snd that cher SSEER precguresotions Zor an pntinita arstene ae" for the thon ee ap utp tar lieve TralTite face’ angende initial on tp and wes ha cites ‘ant sor eae iow sate 3 Ext"be sotsuned trom peonete transient anyatay thot? Eha‘parelenae type etre coo be geoeraea 2 Predict be postornnc Tigt ve those the behavior of the flow rate ot thay {02 a'Goo potonty aysten were es Ovt sna h'= 37 “Coatone fpcoseatacives, or weit nack-38)- auch the tatinise snd Finite fotationg are ehorne 72 Gun, eh cage Sncold pe supstieated for fye GED WUGy ay Het She Inrtence of 2 Saonea ster Wihays te sais ceee, the fio tate bonvion ts "ilies ecem the conreseoval Sesrvotsr for ome Plat vale for the flov rate, it 1a important to Kate Su tae comes to Spite he te pons TOT EEF Int aot en nmaoe on rage 500)- Mae see ap ita oon 2 aan rey = 341] : TH Ga ep oe After tls tine, the flat rate stays constant lancit"the exponential tesa in the tong tine solution Finy rate becomes wero as the finat depletion states A'Giaiiar enalyels can be sade for wells AUT-TT and Analysis of prassuce transient teste (botid-ap fina. draudorn) date fron wells located in fractured Sristonce of two parsitel santvlog sveaighe Linea 26 predicted by the Warren ahd Root model. For wells hare the iaitial straight Line” vas) subject. to Sonttoversy the type curve matching techaiqee weing the solution for # two porosity eysten considering cvitsation dase doing prossure teanslent analysis [lhleieea'a single porosity. (fractures) rorervote Spt cevarvolrs with’ double porsotey (Matrie plus Eftoaree. Healy, che prodiction forecest snalt™ he inctist decline 1a not representative of the 8 = Formation wolune factor, 55/818 © wellbore svorage, BBL/pe! Sp = Bimesioniees wellbore storgge constant Formation thickness, fe fecebiiiey, na I ibtolute value of aeatlog stzatght Line slope, peifeyeie BB Z Pressure change aS Bow satay $870 wig oe "ie Ae zi wo sy = Hollbore radius, fe 8 skin effect Ep = Dimensionless tine 2.697 (107%) gt tty Gees eae apes tine, br a GD tnterpocosity flow shape factor, fe b= Yisooster, op XT ptsunatonless macztx/eractere 4 = Porosity, fraction subecripts pemabeliey ea 8x Matric Conversion Factor oi x 6.994 757. #6 100 ~ KPa * Jeservoir Engineering, Elsevier Scientific Pebtishing Compan, Austerdam-Oxford-tew York 2s maronblatt, Gat-, and Meltov, Tas 2. On the Beste Plow Equations of Homogeataus Liquids An Piesured Rooks (in Rassian) Dokl Atad= Nauk (1960), 192, a, 545-548" yaturelly Fractured Reservoirs,” 1363), 245-255. 4 teh, Asset “Unsteagy-seate Sly Practared Reservolze", 57 ‘oar 1965) Se kazeal, ter "Pressure Teanstent Analysis of (3969), 256, 451-46 el iy Fractaced Properties by Mell Gane 1916), Ieee California Segional Meeting, SPE of AINE, Yentara, California, Aor from sressue BuilUp Analyste,” Pe (1959), 216, 38. 10. Majurieta, Heber “A Moony for the Press ‘Transient’ Analysts in hatorally”” Practon orvoirs", paper SPE 6017, presented at PINE SYot™ Ansa FoI Technical Conference 1 Geogectan, Ae Plow gest Ernantion of trace foenlay FeBeserys 999, 1979. fo be published by fhe Gaotegion! Sootety of Aaarica, Bastore Foe Tatacianen and RAs Freeze, (1980)+ Tescucoes fazearch (Sune 1996), 12, Bondarts D+ and Geingerteny Ay wOetepnination Resoevoise by typercurve analyeiet. Faper SP 200 peeconted at the SPE AIME 5S th Anaaal Teme septenber 2-24, 1980 M4, Aguliera, RestAnalyais of naturally fractur ‘erorvoits from conventfonai vell loge," Je Bete Techs (Suly 1976), 768-772. Gye = Pye (Se = 0)) was plotted as a function of ‘Hits on efacing paper and then placed over the type curve for a well with wellbore storage and skin (eesecyois wish double porosity Behavior) a6 seen 49 Fig. 12. Prom she chosen match point ve have: be = ther tp/ep = 54 fp = 4000" pets Bp = 1-2 (coe8)q = 1y for the ftaaures (pe?) cqgr Os4+ for the total systems end 7. Seo", For the transition. ih te obtatned fron the pressure match: np 1012 ame 2), > 149.2 (2700) (1.8285) (0.9629(42 © 4 obtained fron the tine aatens © aieeg Ripe n ” Samcocsen fal * = 0.046 bon/eat to oman, 8) un send to clzalate (Speen (Co eem ~ Tae deeghte ” (He18 107*)(65)(0.29777 Ap) tom oe oe ee (eee and A As given by A= eB e2 = (51072) 95-59) ence {nge'='ny (ors) eee plotted an a fanction Bes tftp = Se Bt (op0%g = 1, for the ft (coe )eyg 0-14 for the total system and 2728 6 S010"? foe the tranastton gh = 141-2 ae (2) e (Be = 1en2 (3226) (1.9238) (0.982) A (Cis obtained from the tine = to/Gp matehse+ o jie} = aw _j.1y aaean "Srey a Soosc0. sear |5.7 = 0.06 bot/est = -.8836 « —_o.926,0.06) —_ Toedgued ” THetest0" (65)(0.29977 {ote - 9,5 19 em F 202-5467)» exs0-? = (se102)e! = ext0 eon 5 oe ee rewcowe, = 1080 pst/eveie vereioat alatance 6p 48: bp = 1080 pat According to Warren and Root, w Sa ghven byt fa yh = UNRA u as6 ca7o0) (0.262) caaaaaa the skin factor 8 ie given brs me a setae ERE tog Ga oad = 15 (282. = 10g (my it Coe” 18 Ge-serarh cosoeno-aeny 1, wate aaa] = = s.64 meee ‘the log-iog analysis, evo seni-log straight Lines TS hocoeae a= 050 pei/evete pf = 11400 pat, gp = 700 pot = seams. ses (Len(e382 gm tens [Eunectee(OerO) on sn Gg oe) 1151 [2850-2670 ~ og sacar eee suas] = = 5.52 ———— wasnt. According to Warren and Root! The pressure Gitterence (yp hen placed over the type carte Rue (at = 0) ‘inrige 14. h match van found at the fol Py = 161 for Ap = 1000 pet and ty/Gp = 14 for (coef) _ = 10-1, for the fissures (coe? eng = 50072, for the otal aysten, and (40°28) o= 2.4407! for the tranattion rom the pressure match - Pp match kee tar me 22) = va1eg (asso craren(a.say (261) trom the tt = to/Sp match, the wetttore oo gaan fea” same teas Ga * = 0.016 enypss(oan = ES = tana — Toc engheh (rOs0) 74.610 ear” 8 5 = 0.8 in So tt os ay Sete - cr ote given bys wc Mot heom . sto? os eee sand A can be obtatned bys 28,28 yyg25-18) os axror® d= 478038 = (2.60107 = ato rte (cpe28) value for the fissures (001) 4n- atcater a Fouctured well!S, Im this case, the £r00~ fire naLf-denght can be oonputed fn the skin 22 (a.a7sjet 5095 Ae tor the deawtorn tasty the preasure aifference Gea t Poe (oe = 0)) was plotted an a function of Gurve as shova in Fig. 13+ A aacch vas found at the folloving points Be = Te and to/Cp = 24 4p = 1000 pat and By = 1-5 (peg = 510°, for tae ehamares (0? ggg = 2650107, for the total system (40725) = 2x10" tor the tzanattton ge = 141-2 apn (22) 2 om (2), = nara (9240) chara) (0052) LS to/Sp match, the wellbore storage is pect sn tomar baa! * (Seow ” Gagan” a eee TT wae she akin factor, S) 42 then given byt = 045 in SDP Item = os tn RGR?» - 5.38, (eve tat ose gtven ore wc (ata 0 2bAlO? 6 0.5 eee Seto? 1 can be computed Ra (408,928 (zro7H 25-98) « g.axt0r® te fracture Dalt-Longht can be conguted from ve 2 2 neh = 2 (0037590599 = 160 £e patideep A nornas plot of the butld-up data ts shown in ial seniclog gtraight Line should start at At = 26) Tastially the data ts dom nated by a“slope. of 0.5 02 characteristic of & fctaced Goth aet t tiraigh lon will Govelop Gir Gaallog. straight, tine. for’ the total” aysten, fhe tppeime, low stood. tare ae Be = Te Re GEATEEN Say 00 slen'ta he sontiog araghe the topes 075 pet/eyete gt = 1900 pot + pt = 19116 pes toine =~ 50 Bat + Pyne = 9166 pet ‘me product keh {9 given byt gh = Ea = DE GUO) CLP 0.58 ‘me skin factor, 6, 2 given byt so 151 (SPIRE ~ og —E + 3.23 + tog S244) = Goer tp 2 teat = es Geraseyio.s2) Tao may + 3,28 + tog ()] + = 5.81 ro ren Gg)Deewdown Cpheeg = _Ds8DBEG, «008996 105 A geaph of Ap vs tog At ia shown in Pigr 96 ONtom* Tpecdenahed” TOVORA)CH BRNO TT . by Just looking = ene wae Elon of a two porosity ay Senl-3og graphs, According o_the 1og-og_soist on ‘the initial steaigne line snoule scare at Ae'~ 5 nr. For the total. aysten, the sent-log straight Line Thootd tare at ae = “TY hee slag: the sentlog {teaighe Line for the fotal aysten we haves + 1070 paiseyeie Ape = 125 Bet sgh = MBG ISOYAATEN-52) «394 gare te skin factor, 6, 42 given By: oss MBE ay (Go +3.) fo tetst (225. = tog te 7 (0038) (0-52) (0.74610) qommrt ads- 32 see botld-up pressure date for this well 4 show in'tabie 3+) The pressure ifference (%y. (ae =o) vas plotted as a function of tine oF Shown an Pig. 16+ Prom the chozen auton points tol = 27 ae dee ther se ap = 1000 (coe?) g = 10%, for ve thsaures (coe? gon = 102, for the total aysten and ron the peeesice ~ 2p etch gh = 141-2 amp (22) o oe (2) 141.2 (21609 (1-2816061 Trot De at © tofeg ates the weiter = BG LAE ett EW AESTITS Te skin factor, 6, Se given bys (oem re dlfterences Pyge Fut placed over the type curve ae ate ths, Ae Ap = 1000 pets op = 38 to/Sp = 56 (ope )g = 103, for the thaeuces (007) 5) 10-8, 1 wovsneponda to « danage/sctdteed wet ron he pressure = p mitch have nee 2 om B), = saseaarsoycraatencreen (Bab) = ton the Ob = tof matohe c= fatty . 2005 gaa y 'Eyegln ” aeecreteay = 0.01 set/pet 2226 (0.08 atm 8 e a Tee games” COn052)(7 510°) Gaeceye 78° Me skin factor, 5, ts given byt (2 been (hem eeube given bye A can be catcuiates 39°29? = 10-9 (a2OFA 07.8 10 metieap test A norner graph of the balLa-up data ie shorn in Tite “Cheretore, 1t in Size Go conchote that ve she line for She Eippore oyeten snoatd stare ae ae = 309 he (22g = 29.5), ands tor the tLesure plu matric sretdn; the genligy stcaight Line should start at bee Goa be (Ege = 24.4). the slope te: a= 269 pat/ercle bpjye = 1220 pat PH = 7695 pets Pipe = 798 pat sme product keh 42 given by: gh = ASRS. Uasstaseo czar ere = 2047 meee he skin factor 8 ta given byt 2.29 + 105 22°) » = vets PEIBE - tog Og mer a 181 3097 Bao"? VCaOI CO TISIE too tos HE) = ae A plot of Ap vs tog At te shove in Figs 7+ Ae “ls only one point satisfying thie con elteved that the system 16 already on the agosto peciod afte at = 23 Mes Por the tated ‘the enilog-straight Line starte at at = 2 a= 237 pei/eyote oyye = 1418 pat gh SRSA ZBNGLLBEED 3445 nate she skin factor, 8, i8 given by: = 1181 (SEIE ~ to (22) + 2.28] eer aa7 "18 [pcosay abate 9) (Gao ISTE + asta) = -0.57 ‘tat tro paralied semilog straight lines exist and Spply Warten and Root's original nodal. ta thie Gate, ute given by D 2s nich 9 quite aitterent from the value calculat wis Log-iog analysts (w= 9v10)e‘ prere grates = 4008 pa Fie ee on parle) weixe - HOvW 173mnew mae was eur rts oP, etnLewmar mine waa se ween Save uit me wanes emt on by ae uaewy ¥ T T 1 =1 (HOMOGENEOUS) * we ca o eeepc mm ine =O