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A R T I C L E I N F O
A BS T RAC T
Keywords:
Adsorbent
Water hyacinth
Tannery euent
Physicochemical parameters, ltration
Tannery euent characterization and removal eciency of Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu) on water hyacinth
has been observed by ltration process. The euent was contaminated by deep blue color, acidic pH, higher
value of total dissolve solid (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and lower value
of dissolve oxygen (DO). After ltration, the euent shows that the permissible limit of investigated metals.
Adsorbent capacity of water hyacinth shoot powder for Cr and Cu ion was found to be 99.98% and 99.96% for
standard solution (SS) and 98.83% and 99.59% for tannery euent (TE), respectively.
1. Introduction
Bangladesh is a south Asian developing country with its unplanned
industrial and urban area. In most of the cases the euent is
discharged into the nearby River or water body without any pretreatment and thereby deteriorating aquatic environment. From this
euent, the enrichment of heavy metal concentration in the water
body is the most growing concern in the present era. The Buriganga is a
historical and commercially important River for Bangladesh owing at
the southern edge of Dhaka Metropolitan area. But from last couple of
decades the Buriganga River has been polluted by heavy metals
(especially Cr and Cu) coming from tannery euents [1]. People
staying on the bank of the Buriganga River are facing various health
problems by using the polluted water in their household purpose as the
Buriganga is a vital source of water for nomad of Dhaka city. The
properties of water are changed by heavy metal contamination and has
a detrimental eect on sheries life and habitats [2,3]. The heavy
metals have high mobility in aquatic systems and expose high toxicity
[4]. The discharge from electroplating, tannery, metallurgical industries, paints, pigments, printing and graphics, waste disposal, agricultural waste and sewage are the main sources of chromium pollution [5].
The industries which widely used Copper are metal cleaning and
plating, paper board, printed circuit board, wood pulp, fertilizer, paints
and pigments [6,7]. The copper and chromium enriched euent from
these industries mixed into the water streams without any pretreatment. Heavy metals released from dierent sources into the environment have a propensity to persist and eventually are accumulating
throughout the food chain that imposing a serious threat to the animal
Corresponding author.
E-mail address: akash.mamon@gmail.com (M. Sarkar).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2016.12.003
Received 7 March 2015; Received in revised form 29 October 2016; Accepted 14 December 2016
2212-3717/ 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY-NC-ND/4.0/).
M. Sarkar et al.
2.3. Sampling
After chrome tanning, the tannery euent is drained out into the
Buriganga River along with household euent in the same drain. The
samples were collected from that drain at Kalunagar in Hazaribagh
thana (Fig. 2) in non transparent plastic bottle. Some physicochemical
parameters like color, pH, TDS, EC and DO were recorded instantly
and the samples were transported to the laboratory as soon as possible.
After that COD was measured in the laboratory. The collected sample
were stored into separate plastic container previously washed with 2%
(v/v) HNO3 and stored by adding 10 ml of 0.1 N HNO3 per litter to the
euent to prevent the growth of microbial bacteria. Then the sample
was sealed to prevent air oxidation and stored in a refrigerator to
prevent the microbial decomposition of organic and inorganic compounds present in the euent. All the experimental solutions were
brought to room temperature before use.
M. Sarkar et al.
O
CH3
O
Cr
O
+ -CH3
+ Cr3+
H3C
O
H3C
H
O
O
O
Cu
CH3
O
O
+ Cu2+
H3C
O
H
+ -CH3
O
H3C
H
O
M. Sarkar et al.
Table 1:
Physicochemical parameters of untreated tannery effluent.
Parameters
Value
Color
Odor
pH
Cr Conc. (mg/l)
Cu Conc. (mg/l)
TDS (mg/l)
EC (mS) at 28 C
DO (mg/l)
COD (mg/l)
Deep blue
Acrid
7.4
10.475
2.445
13350
61.94
0.3
3460
*TDS=Total Dissolve Solid, EC=Electrical Conductivity, DO=Dissolve Oxygen, COD=Chemical Oxygen Demand.
Fig. 6. Cr conc. Vs. time plot for standard solution (SS).
Fig. 4. FTIR spectrum of before and after adsorption of Cu and Cr on WHSP from
bottom to up: a) before adsorption b) After Cr adsorption Cr c) After Cu adsorption d)
after passing euent.
M. Sarkar et al.
that Cr3+ and Cu2+ replace the CH3 group and form COOCr and
COOCu and hence C-O band at 1250 cm1 disappeared.
Fig. 10. Removal % Vs. Time plot for Cr from SS.
M. Sarkar et al.
Acknowledgements
4. Conclusion
The aim of this present study is to establish a locally available and
economically viable adsorbent for the removal of Cr and Cu from
aqueous solution. The nding indicates that Cr and Cu removing
capacity of WHSP were satisfactory. The study also depicts that raw
WHSP can remove about 99% Cr and Cu from SS as well as TE. Thus
WHSP is a potential adsorbent which can be used as alternative in the
sustainable Cr and Cu removal technology for wastewater purication
system.