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AWS Inspection Pocket Book PDF
AWS Inspection Pocket Book PDF
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NOTE: Although care was taken in choosing and presenting the data in this guide, AWS cannot guarantee that it is
error free. Further, this guide is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the topic and therefore may not include all
available information, including with respect to safety and health issues. By publishing this guide, AWS does not insure
anyone using the information it contains against any liability or injury to property or persons arising from that use.
Copyright American Welding Society
Provided by IHS under license with AWS
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Introduction
The inspection requirements for the fabrication and welding of steel structures are very extensive. This Pocket
Handbook has been developed to provide a useful tool for inspectors to carry in their pockets or tool kits so
that selected pertinent portions of the AWS Structural Welding CodeSteel, D1.1/D1.1M:2004, can be easily
referenced at the job site. Underlining is as shown in the code.
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This publication is not to be considered as a substitute for the D1.1 code book. Rather, the Handbook is provided
as a supplemental aid for the deckplate inspector. Only the complete code should be considered as the official
document to ensure that all of the quality attributes required for structural fabrication are performed correctly
and completely.
To assist the inspector, or other user, in verifying conformance to D1.1, the paragraph references, the table numbers, and the figure numbers contained in this book are directly from the D1.1/D1.1M:2004 code. In addition,
page numbering in this handbook is cross-referenced to reflect both the current page and the corresponding page
from the D1.1/D1.1M:2004 code, separated by a /. This will provide an easy cross reference for the user to
ensure that the complete requirements are understood when questions develop during the course of any inspection.
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Table of Contents
Requirements for Transitions Between Materials of Unequal Thickness.............................................................. 5
Thermal Cutting and Access Hole Requirements .................................................................................................. 9
Tolerance of Joint Dimensions............................................................................................................................. 13
Dimensional Tolerances of Welded Structural Members..................................................................................... 19
Base Material Surface Requirements ................................................................................................................... 25
Weld Profile Requirements .................................................................................................................................. 26
Acceptance Criteria for Visual Inspection of Welds ............................................................................................ 32
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Index..................................................................................................................................................................... 37
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Unequal
Copyright American Welding Society
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(see
Copyright American Welding Society
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Figure 2.12Transition of Width (Cyclically Loaded Nontubular) (see 2.16.1.2 [pg. 14])
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5.15.4.4 Gouge or Notch Limitations. Roughness exceeding these values and notches or gouges
not more than 3/16 in. [5 mm] deep on other wise
satisfactory surfaces shall be removed by machining
or grinding. Notches or gouges exceeding 3/16 in.
[5 mm] deep may be repaired by grinding if the
nominal cross-sectional area is not reduced by more
than 2%. Ground or machined surfaces shall be fared
to the original surface with a slope not exceeding one
in ten. Cut surfaces and adjacent edges shall be left
free of slag. In thermal-cut surfaces, occasional
notches or gouges may, with approval of the Engineer, be repaired by welding.
The reentrant corners may be formed by thermal cutting, followed by grinding, if necessary, to meet the
surface requirements of 5.15.4.3.
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185
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General Notes:
For ASTM A 6 Group 4 and 5 shapes and welded built-up shapes with web thickness more than 1-1/2 in. [40 mm], preheat to
150F [65C] prior to thermal cutting, grind and inspect thermally cut edges of access hole using MT or PT methods prior to
making web and flange splice groove welds.
These are typical details for joints welded from one side against steel backing. Alternative joint designs should be considered.
Notes:
1. Radius shall provide smooth notch-free transition; R 3/8 in. [10 mm] (Typical 1/2 in. [12 mm]).
2. Access hole made after welding web to flange.
3. Access hole made before welding web to flange. Weld not returned through hole.
4. hmin = 3/4 in. [20 mm] or tw (web thickness), whichever is greater.
Figure 5.2 (Contd)Weld Access Hole Geometry (see 5.17.1 [pg. 185])
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187
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Figure 5.3Workmanship Tolerances in Assembly of Groove Welded Joints (see 5.22.4.1 [pg. 187])
Root Not
Backgouged
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in.
mm
1/16
1/16
+1/40
1/16
6
2
+10
50
Root
Backgouged
in.
mm
Not limited
+1/16
1/80
2
3
Not applicable
+10
50
Figure 5.3 (Contd)Workmanship Tolerances in Assembly of Groove Welded Joints (see 5.22.4.1 [pg. 187])
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SMAW
GMAW
FCAW
Table 5.5
Tubular Root Opening Tolerances (see 5.22.4.2 [pg. 187])
Root Face of Joint
Groove Angle
of Joint
in.
mm
in.
mm
deg
1/16
1/32
1/16
2
1
2
1/16
1/16
1/16
2
2
2
5
5
5
General Note: Root openings wider than allowed by the above tolerances, but not greater than the thickness of the thinner part,
may be built up by welding to acceptable dimensions prior to the joining of the parts by welding.
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188
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section, the maximum variation from required camber at shop assembly (for drilling holes for field
splices or preparing field welded splices) shall be
at midspan, 0, +1-1/2 in. [40 mm] for spans 100 ft
[30 m]
0, + 3/4 in. [20 mm] for spans < 100 ft
[30 m]
at supports, 0 for end supports
1/8 [3 mm] for interior supports
4(a)b(1 a/S)
at intermediate points, 0, + --------------------------------S
where
a = distance in feet [meters] from inspection
point to nearest support
S = span length in feet [meters]
b = 1-1/2 in. [40 mm] for spans 100 ft [30 m]
b = 3/4 in. [20 mm] for spans < 100 ft [30 m]
See Table 5.6 for tabulated values.
5.23.4 Beam and Girder Camber (without
Designed Concrete Haunch). For members whose
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188189
Table 5.6
Camber Tolerance
for Typical Girder
(see 5.23.3 [pg. 188189])
Table 5.7
Camber Tolerance for Girders
without a Designed Concrete Haunch
(see 5.23.4 [pg. 188189])
a/S
a/S
Span
0.1
0.2
100 ft
9/16
< 100 ft
1/4
1/2
0.3
0.4
0.5
3/4
3/4
Span
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
100 ft
1/4
1/2
5/8
3/4
3/4
< 100 ft
1/8
1/4
5/16
3/8
3/8
a/S
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
30 m
14
25
34
38
< 30 m
13
17
19
Span
40
a/S
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
30 m
13
17
19
20
< 30 m
10
10
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determined and mutually agreed upon by the Contractor and the Owner with proper regard for erection
requirements.
pg. 190
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184;
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190
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through 250 microinches [6.3 micrometers] shall be finished parallel to the direction of primary stress. Surfaces
finished to values of 125 microinches [3.2 micrometers]
or less may be finished in any direction.
pg. 190
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Figure 5.4 (Contd)Acceptable and Unacceptable Weld Profiles (see 5.24 [pg. 190])
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Table 5.8
Minimum Fillet Weld Size (see 5.14 [pg. 183])
Minimum Size of Fillet Weld2
in.
mm
in.
mm
T 1/4
T6
1/8
(Note 3)
3
(Note 3)
6 < T 12
3/16
12 < T 20
1/4
3/4 < T
20 < T
5/16
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Notes:
1. For non-low-hydrogen processes without preheat calculated in accordance with 3.5.2, T equals thickness of the thicker part
joined; single-pass welds shall be used.
For non-low-hydrogen processes using procedures established to prevent cracking in accordance with 3.5.2 and for lowhydrogen processes, T equals thickness of the thinner part joined; single-pass requirement does not apply.
2. Except that the weld size need not exceed the thickness of the thinner part joined.
3. Minimum size for cyclically loaded structures is 3/16 in. [5 mm].
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(6) Underrun
The size of a fillet weld in any continuous weld may be less than the specified nominal size (L) without correction by the following amounts (U):
L, specified
U, allowable
nominal weld size, in. [mm]
decrease from L, in. [mm]
3/16 [5]
1/16 [2]
1/4 [6]
.0 3/32 [2.5]
5/16
1/8 [3]
Copyright American Welding
Society [8]
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General Note: An X indicates applicability for the connection type; a shaded area indicates non-applicability.
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Index
Title
Structural Welding CodeSteel
Covers essential welding requirements for most types of welded structures made from carbon and
low-alloy constructional steels.
WI
Welding Inspection
Perennial best seller; straight forward introduction.
B1.10
CM
WHB-2.9
JWE
PHB-2
The Everyday Pocket Handbook for Visual Inspection and Weld DiscontinuitiesCauses
and Remedies
Number two in the series. 34 pages, spiral bound.
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