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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

OF
UNILEVER PAKISTAN

Group Members:
1.

Azam Aliani

(2893)

2.

Namraah Khalid

(3096)

3.

Afsheen S. Baig

(1036)

Report Submitted to
Sir IQBAL NIYANI

Final Project Of
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS FINANCE (IBF)

Spring 2015

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)

Annual Report 2014


UNILEVER PAKISTAN

Our Visit
To
Unilever Pakistan limited
On April 16, 2015

No

Particular

Page

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Introduction

Brands

History

10-12

Vision Of unilever

13

What is ratio Analysis

14

Directors Review

15

Performance Indicator

16-17

10

Balance sheet

18-19

11

Income statement

20-21

12

Cashflow statement

22-23

13

Ratio Anaylsis

24-35

14

Conclusion

36
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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This report is the result of the hard work of all our group members. First of all we
would like to thank the ALMIGHTY ALLAH on the successful completion of this
report. We would also like to thank our course instructor Mr. Iqbal Nayani for helping
us understand the depths of Finance and it was only because of his support, help and
guidance throughout the semester that we were successfully able to complete this
project report. It was because of this report that we were able to do our own analysis
of a companys financial statements, which required a great deal of thinking and
brainstorming. This whole project has been an excellent learning experience for us all
as it helped us put our knowledge about business finance to practical implementation.

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)

ABSTRACT
A financial statement is a formal record of the financial activities of a business,
person, or other entity. Relevant financial information is presented in a structured
manner and in a form which is easy to understand. They typically include basic
financial Statements that include the Balance Sheet or Statement of Financial
Position, Income Statement or Profit and Loss Account and Cash Flow Statement.
Financial statements provide the overview of the financial position of the company to
the companys stakeholders and the management; however the companys true
financial position cannot be determined unless the companys financial statements are
analyzed. Analysis of these Financial Statements helps us find out about the liquidity
position of the company, the companys long term solvency, the companys
profitability and its financial viability. Ratio analysis and interpretation of financial
statements help in determining the liquidity position, long term solvency, financial
viability and profitability of a firm and shows overall whether the company has
improved or deteriorated in the past few years. In this report we have done our best to
analyze the financial statements of Unilever Pakistan Limited.

UNILEVER PAKISTAN LIMITED

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)

INTRODUCTION TO UNILEVER PAKISTAN LTD.


Unilever Pakistan (70.4% Unilever equity) is the largest FMCG company in Pakistan, as well
as one of the largest multinationals operating in the country..The company had a turnover of
Rs. 23.3 bn (Euro 309 Mn) in 2007, and enjoys a leading position in most of its core Home
and Personal Care and Foods categories, e.g. Personal Wash, Personal Care, Laundry,
Beverages (Tea) and Ice Cream.
Since the time Unilever Pakistan began its operations in 1948, the Company has been
closely connected to the Pakistani people and its brands have been an integral feature
in their daily lives. In fact, the nature of our business enables our brands to be the
pulse and heartbeat of the 164 million people in Pakistan.
This is a huge commitment, which makes them responsible and accountable to all our
stakeholders and society as a whole and strengthens our resolve to:

Make a positive difference to the lives of low income consumers

Create new opportunities for growth

Improve the overall quality of life in Pakistan, by promoting education, nutrition,


health and hygiene.

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)

VIEW OUR BRANDS


Unilever makes and sells products under more than 400 brand names worldwide. Two
billion people use them on any given day. Here is a selection of our top brands,
available in many countries, along with the stories behind them.

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HISTORY
HELPING PEOPLE GET MORE OUT OF LIFE
In the 1890s, William Hesketh Lever, founder of Lever Bros, wrote down his ideas for
Sunlight Soap his revolutionary new product that helped popularize cleanliness and
hygiene in Victorian England. It was 'to make cleanliness commonplace; to lessen
work for women; to foster health and contribute to personal attractiveness, that life
may be more enjoyable and rewarding for the people who use their products'.
This was long before the phrase 'Corporate Mission' had been invented, but these
ideas have stayed at the heart of their business. Even if their language - and the notion
of only women doing housework has become outdated.
In a history that now crosses three centuries, Unilever's success has been influenced
by the major events of the day economic boom, depression, world wars, changing
consumer lifestyles and advances in technology. And throughout They've created
products that help people get more out of life cutting the time spent on household
chores, improving nutrition, enabling people to enjoy food and take care of their
homes, their clothes and themselves.

BALANCING PROFIT WITH RESPONSIBLE CORPORATE


BEHAVIOUR
In the late 19th century the businesses that would later become Unilever were among
the most philanthropic of their time. They set up projects to improve the lot of their
workers and created products with a positive social impact, making hygiene and
personal care commonplace and improving nutrition through adding vitamins to foods
that were already daily staples.
Today, Unilever still believes that success means acting with 'the highest standards of
corporate behavior towards their employees, consumers and the societies and world in
which they live'. Over the years they've launched or participated in an ever-growing
range of initiatives to source sustainable supplies of raw materials, protect
environments, support local communities and much more.

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)


Through this timeline you'll see how their brand portfolio has evolved. At the
beginning of the 21st century, their Path to Growth strategy focused us on global
high-potential brands and their Vitality mission is taking us into a new phase of
development.
19th Century: Although Unilever wasn't formed until 1930, the companies that joined
forces to create the business they know today theyre already well-established before
the start of the 20th century.
1900s: Unilever's founding companies produced products made of oils and fats,
principally soap and margarine. At the beginning of the 20th century their expansion
nearly outstrips the supply of raw materials.
1910s: Tough economic conditions and the First World War make trading difficult for
everyone, so many businesses form trade associations to protect their shared interests.
1920s: With businesses expanding fast, companies set up negotiations intending to
stop others producing the same types of products. But instead they agree to merge and so Unilever is created.
1930s: Unilever's first decade is no easy ride: it starts with the Great Depression and
ends with the Second World War. But while the business rationalises operations, it
also continues to diversify.
1940s: Unilever's operations around the world begin to fragment, but the business
continues to expand further into the foods market and increase investment in research
and development.
1950s: Business booms as new technology and the European Economic Community
lead to rising standards of living, while new markets open up in emerging economies
around the globe.
1960s: As the world economy expands so does Unilever and it sets about developing
new products, entering new markets and running a highly ambitious acquisition
program.

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1970s: Hard economic conditions and high inflation make the '70s a tough time for
everyone, but things are particularly difficult in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods
(FMCG) sector as the big retailers start to flex their muscles.
1980s: Unilever is now one of the world's biggest companies, but takes the decision to
focus its portfolio, and rationalize its businesses to focus on core products and brands.
1990s: The business expands into Central and Eastern Europe and further sharpens its
focus on few product categories, leading to the sale or withdrawal of two-thirds of its
brands.
21st Century: The decade starts with the launch of Path to Growth, a five-year
strategic plan, and in 2004 further sharpens its focus on the needs of 21st centuryconsumers with its Vitality mission.

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)

VISION OF UNILEVER
We help people around the world meet everyday needs for nutrition; hygiene and
wellbeing, with brands that help people look good, feel good and get more out of
life.

Unilever is committed to supporting sustainability and providing our consumers


around the world with the products they need to look good, feel good and get more
out of life.

Our priorities & principles


Unilever is committed to supporting sustainability and providing our consumers
around the world with the products they need to look good, feel good and get more
out of life.
Five key priorities provide the foundation for our brands campaigns. Read some
examples of how different brands are upholding these principles.

A better future for children

Our oral care brands Signal and Close-Up encourage children to brush their teeth day
and night for optimal dental health. We also partner the FDI World Dental Federation,
supporting oral health programmes around the world

Brands such as Omo and Persil have helped parents believe the unconventional
philosophy that Dirt is Good. Children learn through play, and mud spatters and grass
stains can easily be removed with effective laundry products

Unilever also partners the World Food Programme and launched the Together for
Child Vitality initiative to bring our expertise in nutrition to children in some of the
worlds poorest countries.
A healthier future

Our Flora/Becel margarine brands have been scientifically proven to help reduce
cholesterol levels, and a new Flora/Becel Heart Age tool allows consumers to work
out whether their heart might be old beyond its years

Vaseline has launched the Vaseline Skin Care Foundation, providing research into
skin conditions and support for people affected by them
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WHAT IS RATIO ANALYSIS?


Ratio analysis involves the calculation and comparison of ratios which are derived
from the information given in the company's financial statements. The historical
trends of these ratios can be used to make inferences about a company's financial
condition, its operations and its investment attractiveness and whether the company
has improved or deteriorated in the past few years. Financial ratio analysis groups the
ratios into categories that tell us about the different sides of a company's financial
state. Some of those categories are described below:

1. Liquidity Ratios:

Liquidity ratios tell us about the companys short term debt paying ability, or the
companys short term financial situation or the companys short term solvency.

2. Efficiency/Turnover Ratios:

Efficiency Ratios are used in order to determine that how quickly and efficiently
certain assets are converted in to cash.

3. Leverage Ratios:

The Leverage Ratios measure the long term solvency and ability of the company to
pay to its long term creditors.

4. Profitability Ratios:

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)


Profitability ratios measure the operating efficiency and ability of a company to pay
an adequate return to its Shareholders/Stockholders. Management and Shareholders
are interested in profitability ratios, profitability ratios can be computed on the basis
of sales or investment.

Directors Review
The directors present the 2014 Annual Report together with audited financial
statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2014.Sales grew by
8.5% in a challenging economic and operational environment, with significant
commodity deflation headwind. Growth was broad-based and volume led. In the case
of Tea, commodity deflation and the resulting price reductions offset the strong
volume growth. The improvement in gross margin through higher volume, cost
efficiencies and better mix, was offset by restructuring charges. The business
continued to invest strategically behind key brands and increased spend by177 bps to
12.1% of Sales. Profit after tax grew by 3%.

Sales: sales increased by 8.54% to 65705 Millions


G.P: gross profit increase by 8.19% to 26424 Millions
EBIT: Earning before profit is increased by 1.28 % to 9019 millions
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Net Earning : is increased by 3.02% to 6302 Millions

Financial Position Of UNILEVER PAKISTAN LIMITED

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)

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Operating and Financial Trends


Of
UNILEVER PAKISTAN LIMITED

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (SOFP)


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ASSET OF Unilever Pakistan Limited as at


December 31, 2014

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES


OF
Unilever Pakistan Limited
as at December 31, 2014

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)

Profit And Loss Account of Unilever Pakistan Limited


As at December 31, 2014

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UNILEVER PAKISTAN LIMITED


CASH FLOW STATEMENT
As at December 31, 2014
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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)

Cont..

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RATIO ANALYSIS
COMPARISON OF CURRENT YEAR WITH PREVIOUS YEAR:
LIQUIDITY RATIOS
Current Ratio:
Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities

Current Ratio for 2014 = 17,021,156/ 23,874,046 = 0.71 times or. 0.71:1.00
Current Ratio for 2013 = 12,086,992/ 18,033,609 = 0.67 times or. 0.67:1.00

Interpretation:

In 2013, to pay off Current liabilities of Rs. 1 the company has Current

Assets of Rs. 0.71, which means that the company is not capable of paying its
current liabilities, when they fall due.

In 2014, to pay off Current liabilities of Rs. 1 the company has Current

Assets of Rs. 0.67 which means that the company is not capable of paying its
current liabilities when they fall due.

The companys current ratio was down in 2013 and it is still not

capable to pay off its current liabilities when they fall due. Although the
companys current ratio got better in 2014 but in both years the company is not
in a good position to pay off its current liabilities.

Current Ratio
Times

2014
0.71

2013
0.67

2012
0.82

2011
0.79

2010
0.83

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)

Quick or Acid Test Ratio:


Acid test Ratio = Quick Assets/Current Liabilities

Acid Test Ratio for 2014 = 12,008,898/23,874,046 = 0.50 times or. 0.50:1.00
Acid Test Ratio for 2013 = 5,410,082/18,033,609 = 0.30 times or. 0.30:1.00

Interpretation:

In 2014, to pay off Current Liabilities of Rs. 1, the company has Quick

Assets of Rs. 0.50, which means that the company is not capable of paying its
current liabilities with its Quick Assets, when they fall due.

In 2013, to pay off Current Liabilities of Rs. 1, the company has Quick

Assets of Rs. 0.30 which means that the company is not capable of paying its
current liabilities with its Quick Assets when they fall due.

The companys Quick ratio improved in 2014 compared to 2013, but it

is still not capable to pay off its current liabilities when they fall due. In both
years the company is not in a good position to pay off its current liabilities.

Quick Ratio
Times

2014
0.50

2013
0.30

2012
0.30

2011
0.30

2010
0.40

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PROFITABILITY RATIOS:
Gross Profit Margin:
Gross Profit Margin = 100 x Gross Profit/Net Sales

Gross Profit Margin for 2014 = 100 x 26,424,000/65,705,000 = 40%


Gross Profit Margin for 2013 = 100 x 24,422,000/60,535,000 = 40%

Interpretation:

In 2014, if the company makes net sales of Rs. 100, then the company

will earn a Gross Profit of Rs 40.

In 2013, if the company makes net sales of Rs. 100, then the company

will earn a Gross Profit of Rs. 40.

In terms of gross profitability the company is in same position in 2014,

as it is earning same Gross Profit.

G.P Margin
%

2014
40%

2013
40%

2012
36%

2011
35%

2010
33%

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)

Net Profit Margin:


Net Profit Margin = 100 x Net Income After tax/Net Sales

Net Profit Margin for 2014 = 100 x 6,302,000/65,705,000= 10%


Net Profit Margin for 2013 = 100 x 6,117,000/60,535,000 = 10%

Interpretation:

In 2014, if the company makes net sales of Rs. 100, then the company

will earn a Net Profit of Rs. 10.

In 2013, if the company makes net sales of Rs. 100, then the company

will earn a Net Profit of Rs. 10.

In terms of net profitability the company is in same position in 2014, as

it earning same Net Profit.

N.P Margin
%

2014
10%

2013
10%

2012
9%

2011
8%

2010
7%

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Earnings before Interest and Tax (EBIT) Margin:


EBIT Margin = 100 x EBIT/Net Sales

EBIT Margin for 2014 = 100 x 9949065/65,705,000 = 15%


EBIT Margin for 2013 = 100 x 9315571/60,535,000 = 16%

Interpretation:

In 2014, if the company makes net sales of Rs. 100, then the

companys earnings before interest and tax will be Rs. 15.

In 2013, if the company makes net sales of Rs. 100, companys

earnings before interest and tax will be Rs. 16.

The company was in a slightly better position in 2013, as its earnings

before interest and tax are higher in 2013.

EBIT
%

2014
15%

2013
16%

2012
15%

2011
13%

2010
12%

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)

Return on Equity:
Return on Equity = 100 x Net income after tax/Common Shareholders Equity

Return on Equity for 2014 = 100 x 6,302,000/3,206,000 = 196%


Return on Equity for 2013 = 100 x 6,117,000/3,058,000 = 200%

Interpretation:

In 2014, if the companys shareholders makes an investment of

Rs.100 than the companys earnings after income tax will be of Rs.196.

In 2013, if the companys shareholders makes an investment of

Rs.100 than the companys earnings after income tax will be of Rs.200.

The company was in a better in 2013 because it was getting some good

return on its investment compared to only as small return in 2014.

Return On Equity
%

2014
196%

2013
200%

2012
104%

2011
101%

2010
92%

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Equity Ratio:
Equity Ratio = Shareholders Equity/Total Assets

Equity Ratio for 2014 = 3,206,000/27,856,186 = 0.12 times or 12%


Equity Ratio for 2013 = 3,058,000/22,003,808 = 0.14 times or 14%

Interpretation:

In 2014, the Equity Ratio of 0.12 times indicates that the Shareholders

or the Stockholders have a holding of 12% in the business.

In 2013, the Equity Ratio of 0.14 times indicates that the creditors have

a holding of 14% in the business.

The company was better in 2013 as the Shareholders had less holding

or claims in the business.

EFFICIENCY RATIOS
Inventory Turnover (Times and Days):
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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)


Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold/Average Inventory

Inventory Turnover for 2014 = 39,281,000/4,673,783 = 8 times


Inventory Turnover for 2013 = 36,114,000/4335309

=8.5 times

Interpretation:

In 2014, the inventory will turnover is 8 times in a year.

In 2013, the inventory will turnover was 8 times in a year.

The company is better in 2014 as compared to 2013 because the

inventory turns over more times in 2014.

Inventory Period = 360 days/ Inventory Turnover (times)


Inventory Period for 2014 = 360/8 = 46 days
Inventory Period for 2013 = 360/78.5 = 43 days

Interpretation:

In 2014, after every 46 days the inventory will turnover.

In 2013, after every 43 days the inventory will turnover

The company is slightly better in 2014 as it takes fewer days for the
inventory to turnover or fewer days are required to sell the inventory in 2014.

Inventory Turnover
Days

2014
46

2013
43

2012
59

2011
49

2010
46

Debtor Turnover (Times and Days):


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Debtor turnover= Credit Sales or Net Sales/Average Accounts Receivables

Debtor Turnover for 2014 = 65,704,906/972,405 = 68 times


Debtor Turnover for 2013 = 60,535,320/855,771 =71 times

Interpretation:

In 2014, 68 times receivable is collected from the customers or debtors

in a year.

In 2013, 71 times receivable was collected from the customers or

debtors in a year.

The company is slightly better in 2013 as compared to 2014 because

receivable was collected more times in 2013.

Days Sales Outstanding = 360 days/ Receivable Turnover (times)


Days Sales Outstanding for 2014 = 360/68 =5 days
Days Sales Outstanding for 2013 = 360/71 =5 days

Interpretation:

In 2014, after every 5 days the receivable is collected from the

customers or debtors.

In 2013, after every 5 days the receivable is collected from the

customers or debtors.

The companys DSO same in 2014. As compare to 2013


Debtor Turnover
Days

2014
5

2013
5

2012
6

2011
5

2010
4

Creditor Turnover (Times and Days):


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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)


Creditors turnover= Credit purchases or Net purchases/Average Accounts
payable

Creditors Turnover for 2014 = 39,364,604/23,286,354 =1.7 times


Creditors Turnover for 2013 = 35,348,870/17,079,170 =2.1 times

Interpretation:

In 2014, 1.7 times receivable is collected from the customers or

debtors in a year.

In 2013, 2.1 times receivable was collected from the customers or

debtors in a year.

The company was slightly better in 2013 as compared to 2014 because

receivable is collected more times in 2013.

Days Sales Outstanding = 360 days/ Receivable Turnover (times)


Days Sales Outstanding for 2014 = 360/1.7 = 212 days
Days Sales Outstanding for 2013 = 360/2.1 = 172 days

Interpretation:

In 2014, after every 212 days the receivable is collected from the

customers or debtors.

In 2013, after every 172 days the receivable is collected from the

customers or debtors.

The company is better in 2014 as it takes fewer days to collect

receivables from the debtors or customers.


Inventory turnover
Days

2014
212

2013
171

2012
108

2011
98

2010
75

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Cash Cycle:
Cash Cycle = Inventory Turnover (days) + Accounts Receivable Turnover (days)Account payable (days)

Cash Cycle for 2014 = 46+5-212=(161) days


Cash Cycle for 2013 = 43+5-171= (123) days

Interpretation:

In 2014, the Cash Cycle will complete in -161 days.

In 2013, the Cash cycle will complete in -129 days

The company is slightly better in 2014 as it takes fewer days for the

Cash Cycle to complete.

CCC
Days

2014
(161)

2013
(123)

2012
43

2011
44

2010
34

Total Assets Turnover (times)


Total Assets Turnover = Net Sales/ Average Total Assets

Total Asset Turnover for 2014 = 65704906/27856186= 236 Times


Total Asset Turnover for 2013 = 60535320/22003808 = 276 Times

Interpretation:

In 2014, the total assets turnover is 236 times in one year

In 2012, the total assets turnover was 276 times in one year

The company was better in 2013 as the total assets turned over more

times in that year than they did in 2014.


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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)


Asset Turnover
Times

2014
236

2013
278

2012
324

2011
327

2010
331

LEVERAGE RATIOS
Debt Ratio = Total Liabilities/Total Assets

Debt Ratio for 2014 = 24,649,648/27,856,186 =0.88 Times


Debt Ratio for 2013 =18945838/22003808 =0.86 Times

Interpretation:

In 2014, the Debt Ratio of 0.88 times indicates that the creditors have a

holding of 88% in the business.

In 2013, the Debt Ratio of 0.86 times indicates that the creditors have a

holding of 86% in the business.

The company is slightly better in 2014 as the Debtors have less holding

in the business. The holding of Debtor is almost same in both years.

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FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF UNILEVER PAKISTAN (2014)

CONCLUSION
According to the above analysis of Unilever Pakistan Limited, the company is in a
good position as far as its profitability is concerned, over the past years the company
has seen a same in its Gross Profit, Net Profit, with the companys Margins in the
current year being the highest.
However Unilever Pakistan Limited is in a good position. The companys efficiency
has seen some improvement in the turnover for the inventory and decrease in the
account receivable turnover and it only takes a few days collect the money from
customers, however given the companys current liquidity position the company is not
still converting the assets into cash quick enough to pay off its current liabilities. This
is good for a company that they are working on creditors money. They return their
money in 213 days in 2014.And unilever pakistans EPS is Rs.474 in 2014.
Conclusively, Unilever Pakistan Limited is operating effectively and efficiently on
overall basis and generating enough profit to keep its operations running in the most
effective way possible and keeping its standard of being one of the largest and most
stable multinational organizations.

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