Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OF
UNILEVER PAKISTAN
Group Members:
1.
Azam Aliani
(2893)
2.
Namraah Khalid
(3096)
3.
Afsheen S. Baig
(1036)
Report Submitted to
Sir IQBAL NIYANI
Final Project Of
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS FINANCE (IBF)
Spring 2015
Our Visit
To
Unilever Pakistan limited
On April 16, 2015
No
Particular
Page
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Introduction
Brands
History
10-12
Vision Of unilever
13
14
Directors Review
15
Performance Indicator
16-17
10
Balance sheet
18-19
11
Income statement
20-21
12
Cashflow statement
22-23
13
Ratio Anaylsis
24-35
14
Conclusion
36
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This report is the result of the hard work of all our group members. First of all we
would like to thank the ALMIGHTY ALLAH on the successful completion of this
report. We would also like to thank our course instructor Mr. Iqbal Nayani for helping
us understand the depths of Finance and it was only because of his support, help and
guidance throughout the semester that we were successfully able to complete this
project report. It was because of this report that we were able to do our own analysis
of a companys financial statements, which required a great deal of thinking and
brainstorming. This whole project has been an excellent learning experience for us all
as it helped us put our knowledge about business finance to practical implementation.
ABSTRACT
A financial statement is a formal record of the financial activities of a business,
person, or other entity. Relevant financial information is presented in a structured
manner and in a form which is easy to understand. They typically include basic
financial Statements that include the Balance Sheet or Statement of Financial
Position, Income Statement or Profit and Loss Account and Cash Flow Statement.
Financial statements provide the overview of the financial position of the company to
the companys stakeholders and the management; however the companys true
financial position cannot be determined unless the companys financial statements are
analyzed. Analysis of these Financial Statements helps us find out about the liquidity
position of the company, the companys long term solvency, the companys
profitability and its financial viability. Ratio analysis and interpretation of financial
statements help in determining the liquidity position, long term solvency, financial
viability and profitability of a firm and shows overall whether the company has
improved or deteriorated in the past few years. In this report we have done our best to
analyze the financial statements of Unilever Pakistan Limited.
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HISTORY
HELPING PEOPLE GET MORE OUT OF LIFE
In the 1890s, William Hesketh Lever, founder of Lever Bros, wrote down his ideas for
Sunlight Soap his revolutionary new product that helped popularize cleanliness and
hygiene in Victorian England. It was 'to make cleanliness commonplace; to lessen
work for women; to foster health and contribute to personal attractiveness, that life
may be more enjoyable and rewarding for the people who use their products'.
This was long before the phrase 'Corporate Mission' had been invented, but these
ideas have stayed at the heart of their business. Even if their language - and the notion
of only women doing housework has become outdated.
In a history that now crosses three centuries, Unilever's success has been influenced
by the major events of the day economic boom, depression, world wars, changing
consumer lifestyles and advances in technology. And throughout They've created
products that help people get more out of life cutting the time spent on household
chores, improving nutrition, enabling people to enjoy food and take care of their
homes, their clothes and themselves.
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1970s: Hard economic conditions and high inflation make the '70s a tough time for
everyone, but things are particularly difficult in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods
(FMCG) sector as the big retailers start to flex their muscles.
1980s: Unilever is now one of the world's biggest companies, but takes the decision to
focus its portfolio, and rationalize its businesses to focus on core products and brands.
1990s: The business expands into Central and Eastern Europe and further sharpens its
focus on few product categories, leading to the sale or withdrawal of two-thirds of its
brands.
21st Century: The decade starts with the launch of Path to Growth, a five-year
strategic plan, and in 2004 further sharpens its focus on the needs of 21st centuryconsumers with its Vitality mission.
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VISION OF UNILEVER
We help people around the world meet everyday needs for nutrition; hygiene and
wellbeing, with brands that help people look good, feel good and get more out of
life.
Our oral care brands Signal and Close-Up encourage children to brush their teeth day
and night for optimal dental health. We also partner the FDI World Dental Federation,
supporting oral health programmes around the world
Brands such as Omo and Persil have helped parents believe the unconventional
philosophy that Dirt is Good. Children learn through play, and mud spatters and grass
stains can easily be removed with effective laundry products
Unilever also partners the World Food Programme and launched the Together for
Child Vitality initiative to bring our expertise in nutrition to children in some of the
worlds poorest countries.
A healthier future
Our Flora/Becel margarine brands have been scientifically proven to help reduce
cholesterol levels, and a new Flora/Becel Heart Age tool allows consumers to work
out whether their heart might be old beyond its years
Vaseline has launched the Vaseline Skin Care Foundation, providing research into
skin conditions and support for people affected by them
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1. Liquidity Ratios:
Liquidity ratios tell us about the companys short term debt paying ability, or the
companys short term financial situation or the companys short term solvency.
2. Efficiency/Turnover Ratios:
Efficiency Ratios are used in order to determine that how quickly and efficiently
certain assets are converted in to cash.
3. Leverage Ratios:
The Leverage Ratios measure the long term solvency and ability of the company to
pay to its long term creditors.
4. Profitability Ratios:
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Directors Review
The directors present the 2014 Annual Report together with audited financial
statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2014.Sales grew by
8.5% in a challenging economic and operational environment, with significant
commodity deflation headwind. Growth was broad-based and volume led. In the case
of Tea, commodity deflation and the resulting price reductions offset the strong
volume growth. The improvement in gross margin through higher volume, cost
efficiencies and better mix, was offset by restructuring charges. The business
continued to invest strategically behind key brands and increased spend by177 bps to
12.1% of Sales. Profit after tax grew by 3%.
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22
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24
25
Cont..
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RATIO ANALYSIS
COMPARISON OF CURRENT YEAR WITH PREVIOUS YEAR:
LIQUIDITY RATIOS
Current Ratio:
Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities
Current Ratio for 2014 = 17,021,156/ 23,874,046 = 0.71 times or. 0.71:1.00
Current Ratio for 2013 = 12,086,992/ 18,033,609 = 0.67 times or. 0.67:1.00
Interpretation:
In 2013, to pay off Current liabilities of Rs. 1 the company has Current
Assets of Rs. 0.71, which means that the company is not capable of paying its
current liabilities, when they fall due.
In 2014, to pay off Current liabilities of Rs. 1 the company has Current
Assets of Rs. 0.67 which means that the company is not capable of paying its
current liabilities when they fall due.
The companys current ratio was down in 2013 and it is still not
capable to pay off its current liabilities when they fall due. Although the
companys current ratio got better in 2014 but in both years the company is not
in a good position to pay off its current liabilities.
Current Ratio
Times
2014
0.71
2013
0.67
2012
0.82
2011
0.79
2010
0.83
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Acid Test Ratio for 2014 = 12,008,898/23,874,046 = 0.50 times or. 0.50:1.00
Acid Test Ratio for 2013 = 5,410,082/18,033,609 = 0.30 times or. 0.30:1.00
Interpretation:
In 2014, to pay off Current Liabilities of Rs. 1, the company has Quick
Assets of Rs. 0.50, which means that the company is not capable of paying its
current liabilities with its Quick Assets, when they fall due.
In 2013, to pay off Current Liabilities of Rs. 1, the company has Quick
Assets of Rs. 0.30 which means that the company is not capable of paying its
current liabilities with its Quick Assets when they fall due.
is still not capable to pay off its current liabilities when they fall due. In both
years the company is not in a good position to pay off its current liabilities.
Quick Ratio
Times
2014
0.50
2013
0.30
2012
0.30
2011
0.30
2010
0.40
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PROFITABILITY RATIOS:
Gross Profit Margin:
Gross Profit Margin = 100 x Gross Profit/Net Sales
Interpretation:
In 2014, if the company makes net sales of Rs. 100, then the company
In 2013, if the company makes net sales of Rs. 100, then the company
G.P Margin
%
2014
40%
2013
40%
2012
36%
2011
35%
2010
33%
30
Interpretation:
In 2014, if the company makes net sales of Rs. 100, then the company
In 2013, if the company makes net sales of Rs. 100, then the company
N.P Margin
%
2014
10%
2013
10%
2012
9%
2011
8%
2010
7%
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Interpretation:
In 2014, if the company makes net sales of Rs. 100, then the
EBIT
%
2014
15%
2013
16%
2012
15%
2011
13%
2010
12%
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Return on Equity:
Return on Equity = 100 x Net income after tax/Common Shareholders Equity
Interpretation:
Rs.100 than the companys earnings after income tax will be of Rs.196.
Rs.100 than the companys earnings after income tax will be of Rs.200.
The company was in a better in 2013 because it was getting some good
Return On Equity
%
2014
196%
2013
200%
2012
104%
2011
101%
2010
92%
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Equity Ratio:
Equity Ratio = Shareholders Equity/Total Assets
Interpretation:
In 2014, the Equity Ratio of 0.12 times indicates that the Shareholders
In 2013, the Equity Ratio of 0.14 times indicates that the creditors have
The company was better in 2013 as the Shareholders had less holding
EFFICIENCY RATIOS
Inventory Turnover (Times and Days):
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=8.5 times
Interpretation:
Interpretation:
The company is slightly better in 2014 as it takes fewer days for the
inventory to turnover or fewer days are required to sell the inventory in 2014.
Inventory Turnover
Days
2014
46
2013
43
2012
59
2011
49
2010
46
Interpretation:
in a year.
debtors in a year.
Interpretation:
customers or debtors.
customers or debtors.
2014
5
2013
5
2012
6
2011
5
2010
4
Interpretation:
debtors in a year.
debtors in a year.
Interpretation:
In 2014, after every 212 days the receivable is collected from the
customers or debtors.
In 2013, after every 172 days the receivable is collected from the
customers or debtors.
2014
212
2013
171
2012
108
2011
98
2010
75
37
Cash Cycle:
Cash Cycle = Inventory Turnover (days) + Accounts Receivable Turnover (days)Account payable (days)
Interpretation:
The company is slightly better in 2014 as it takes fewer days for the
CCC
Days
2014
(161)
2013
(123)
2012
43
2011
44
2010
34
Interpretation:
In 2012, the total assets turnover was 276 times in one year
The company was better in 2013 as the total assets turned over more
2014
236
2013
278
2012
324
2011
327
2010
331
LEVERAGE RATIOS
Debt Ratio = Total Liabilities/Total Assets
Interpretation:
In 2014, the Debt Ratio of 0.88 times indicates that the creditors have a
In 2013, the Debt Ratio of 0.86 times indicates that the creditors have a
The company is slightly better in 2014 as the Debtors have less holding
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CONCLUSION
According to the above analysis of Unilever Pakistan Limited, the company is in a
good position as far as its profitability is concerned, over the past years the company
has seen a same in its Gross Profit, Net Profit, with the companys Margins in the
current year being the highest.
However Unilever Pakistan Limited is in a good position. The companys efficiency
has seen some improvement in the turnover for the inventory and decrease in the
account receivable turnover and it only takes a few days collect the money from
customers, however given the companys current liquidity position the company is not
still converting the assets into cash quick enough to pay off its current liabilities. This
is good for a company that they are working on creditors money. They return their
money in 213 days in 2014.And unilever pakistans EPS is Rs.474 in 2014.
Conclusively, Unilever Pakistan Limited is operating effectively and efficiently on
overall basis and generating enough profit to keep its operations running in the most
effective way possible and keeping its standard of being one of the largest and most
stable multinational organizations.
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