. Plants Purpose on Earth Plants help the environment (and us!) in many different ways: 9, Plants make food Plants are the only organisms that can convert light energy from the sun into food. And plants produce ALL of the food that animals, including people, eat. Even meat. The animals that give _, us meat, such as chickens and cows, eat grass, oats, cor, or some other plants. Plants make oxygen One of the materials that plants produce as they make food is oxygen gas. This oxygen | 988, which is an important part of the air, is the gas that plants and animals must have in order to stay alive. When people breathe, it is the oxygen that we take out of the air to keep our cells and bodies alive. All of the oxygen available for living organisms comes from plants. Plants provide habitats for animals Plants are the primary habitat for thousands of other organisms. Animals live in, on, or under plants. Plants provide shelter and safety for animals. Plants also provide a place for animals to find other food. As a habitat, plants alter the climate. On a small scale, plants provide shade, help moderate the temperature, and Protect animals from the wind. On a larger scale, such as in tropical rainforests, plants actually change the rainfall patterns over large areas of the earth's surface. Plants help make and preserve soil In the forest and the prairie, the roots of plants help hold the soil together. This reduces erosion and helps conserve the soil. Plants also help make soil. Soil is made up of lots Of particles of rocks which are broken down into very small pieces. When plants die, their decomposed remains are added to the soil. This helps to make the soll rich with nutrients. Plants provide useful products for people Many plants are important sources of products that people use, including food, fibers (for cloth), and medicines. Plants also help provide some of our energy needs. In some parts of the world, wood is the primary fuel used by people to cook their meals and heat their homes. Many of~ © ‘s}eMOUpIN PUE sures6 ‘sajqeyaGan ‘spoem Kueus epnjoul seywey aq Kew nok Yorum UM syUE}d JenuUe Jo Se;dUiEX3 ‘yo BuXp e1ojeq Buds Ayes ep ut ploy 410 Js010} @ ul Jo UUOYSUTE! e BUYMOJOS WEsEP At} UI PUNO} Bq UE SjUEId esau, ‘BUIpE} ApyoINb SUESWL Jereuisude, piom oy.L “VOUS Ajqipex0U sj UOSeSs BU Ing 'YOSBaS UO UI SeJ2X2 ep} SUS Oy} INO ‘ani Afuo JOU Aauy eu Ul enbun ave esau “syueld yeroweyde si syuerd jenuUe yo dnoiB oyoads y -sejoKo oy] auue 191g yBno.4y 08 pue dojanep ta Kou} yo!UM Bupnp ‘sBAA Jo BUN ex atp [NUN - eAHoe you Bue Kau Bulueeu - JUeUOp 210 SPses OU, "UOSESS }xBU 4 MOB O} s]UE|C JeNUUE MOU 10} MONE IUD sBury) Ajuo at 018 Sp9eg “spees oonpoud jr yUeId Buy “eWH sI4E BuLNp Os|y ‘Seip ¥f B10J8q SEALS] pue swie}s ‘sjoo! dojonep ira ueId oun ‘SUN SuT Bung ‘SYALOUL Ma} B 0} SY2OM Ma} E WO} SEL Aeut vosees 24) “uosees ypmou6 auo UJURIM S1NDOO BIOAD ey eulJUe esoyM esol) ave syueId |eNUUY -seaf sed eouo sues ,Jenuue, ws} ey, "juene AjueYo yenuue Jo dayoeyo jenuue ue se yons sBuny wos Jenuve, we) oup UR seIIUUe} eq KEW NOA “sjenuue paljed aie syue|d eSs4yL “yOu 84) payUe|dai 8q 0} PeeU LALA PUB UOSeAs aU 10) MoIB AJUO SjueId UepIeD UOWIWED AUEYY syenuuy “squouluosinue sey ul Aeid Kay 3j02 ‘9uy pue eonposdas fou) moy ‘an stueid a1eyum Aq poulLojep aie s9joXo Yynoub jeUOSEES “sIO}E} 9801) Uo Bulpuadep sesseooid jeuauidojanap sein aieinBei siUeig YS!ep Jo juNoWe pue seem yo qunowe “eunyesediuey Bulpnou ‘si0}ey jesenes Aq PeouENyU! 4q UBD sa[Dko YyROIG euOSEES ssajofo {2uosees Jo sediy juesoyip 2924p ap Je YOO} EM a10J9q ase SajOKO LyMONB JeUDSBES Jem s6A0 08 yS4j $197 “SyUe}d Ul YEAS e[OK9 UYMOUB JeUOSEES BLO jsnI s} siUp YeAeMOY ‘GuLdS ‘84p ut Yoeq Wey, MOIB LOL) PUP IIE} BUI UI SEneE| JTeY) eso} JeUY SeON UHM Tee] oq ABW NOA sajAQ yo JeUOSeeS -uossa] Siu Lut ye 3400) ym 2m YOIUM ‘suOsBes BulpIeBOL jUSWICoJ@nEp PUE LYMosB Jo sWEyEd JUBJEINP ALY SIUC s1@0{ pue suosees Auew yBnosy) BuIA ‘S@AI| asNUS JNO INoYBnouip eGuEYO PUE MOB 0} enUALOD aM syue|q JO UOHBOYISse{D suegju yonu JING eAeY aM JeYM ayxeW 0} SIaMOY pue ‘sqnays seas} paque|d aney om jfjun auop S| Gof ala 4UIUA JaAaU aM ‘sBuIp|iNg 48y0 pue sasnoy PIING aM UaYA\ “PHOM UBLUNY Jno Jo SWAUID!9 yUePOdWw) aJe ‘AYNe| JJoU JO asnedag ‘s|UId Ayyneeg sweld “oBe suea Jo suo! pani 2eu} squeld Woy peu aim /ouijoses pue ‘se6 jeingeu ‘je09 se yons ‘Aepo} asn am jary Jo sadAy JUD 943Biennials Biennial events happen every two years. The prefix bi’ may be more familiar because of words like bicycle and bifocals. A bicycle has two wheels, while bifocals have two focal points. Biennials are Plants whose entire fife cycle occurs within two years. in the first year, these plants are only fegetative, meaning that they don't produce reproductive structures. Rather, these planis will grow Foots below ground and a small rosette of leaves near the surface. This growth occurs during a traditional growing season, such as the wet or warm season, At the end of the first growth season, the above-ground part of the plant may die back; however, the roots remain. During the second year of growth, the plant stem elongates and flowers and seeds are produced. Biennial plants in the second year of growth appear to be more like what you may think of them as, For example, carrots, foxglove and parsley are all biennial plants. During the first year of growth, foxglove looks like this. You can see the small amount of leaves near the surface making the foxglove look less than impressive; however, during the second year of growth, the foxgiove looks like this. You can see that it looks like a more traditional wildflower and is much more noticeable than the first year growth, Biennial plants produce seeds during the second year of growth, which will later become new plants the following year, perpetuating this wo-year life cycle. Perennials ‘Some plants do not die every year or every other year. These are commonly trees and shrubs. ‘These perennials persist for many growing seasons. Perennial plants must have structures that allow for them to survive through different seasons. This sometimes means that the plant must survive extreme temperature or water changes. Perennials can be broken into two main calegories: woody and herbaceous. ( >h2" first look at herbaceous plants. These are herbs, such as coneflower and basil, which have a limited flowering period (normally during the summer) and survive the dormant season (normally the winter) through a variety of adaptations. Normaily, the top part of the plant will die back or become dormant in the winter, and the underground part will survive. This can be done by maintaining roots, thizoids, bulbs or tubers. The other type of perennial plant is woody, which includes trees. There are two main categories of woody perennials: deciduous and coniferous. You may already be familiar with these seasonal growth pattems, but let's take a look at both. Deciduous trees are those that lose their leaves all at once. This is seen in many trees in the fall. The leaves of trees may first turn vibrant shades of yellow, red and orange before falling off the tree. The tree will then grow back new leaves in the spring when the environment is much better for growth and reproduction. ‘The second type of woody perennial is conifer. Coniferous trees do not lose all of these leaves at once. In fact, you may not even think of their leaves as leaves, because they are generally described as pine needles. Conifers are also called evergreen trees because of the adaption of not losing leaves all at once. It is important to note that conifers do lose their needles, but it is done throughout the year rather than all at once like deciduous trees.7 & “quejd e s} Buyyyawos 4) Buipioap Jo Shem jew BY) JO BUO SI SILL “POY UME 4Jay axeUH Led 7eY3 SUIS|UeBIO BulAII AJUO ayy Bue SIUEId “uopesidsues3 payje s} SIL “sanea] Ss}! 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