Enzymes = polymers of amino acids that are biological catalysts. Control of metabolism achieved via use of differing pathways of catabolism and anabolism for the same metabolite. Metabolism is under enzymatic not thermodynamic regulation Metabolic pathways overall are exothermic Energy requirements provided to drive reactions via hydrolysis of energy storage molecules (e.g. ATP) Release of PPi early in Anabolic pathways common to make step permissible and irrevirsable.