Bai Giang Huan Luyen ATLD Cho TT BCVT2 - 2012 (Autosaved) (Compatibility Mode)

Trung tm o to bu chnh vin thng II
HUN LUYN
AN TON LAO NG (ATL)
V SINH LAO NG (VSL)
(VSL)
Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM
Ho va ten: LU TRNG VAN

Nam sinh: 1965
Nam
Giao duc:
Tot nghiep Ky s xay dng, ai hoc Bach Khoa, 1991.
Tot nghiep chng trnh ao tao kinh te Fulbright (FETP) Kinh
te hoc ng dung cho phan tch chnh sach, 1998.
Tot
Tot nghiep Master of Engineering in Construction
Management, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand,
2002.
Tin
s chuyen nganh K thut & Qun l xy dng tai
Pukyong National University (PKNU),Busan, Korea, 2009
Lnh vc
vc nghie
nghien
n c
cu:
u: Quan
Quan ly
ly d
d a
an,
n, Pha
Phan
n tch & thm nh a
au
u
t XD - bat ong san,
Email: luutruongvan@gmail.com
Website: http://sites.google.com/site/luutruongvan/
in thoi di ng: 0972016505
C quan: P.312,
P 312 97 V Vn Tn
Tn, Q
Q.3,
3 TP
TP.HCM
HCM
Ni dung
1
2
Nhng quy nh chung v ATL, VSL

Nhng quy nh c th v ATL, VSL ti ni lm
vic An ton v in
1 Nhng quy nh chung v

1.
ATL,, VSL
1 1 Mc ch,
1.1.
ch ngha ca cng
tc ATL,, VSL
Anh ch c suy ngh sau khi quan st cc

bc hnh ni trn?
ngha va li ch cua cong tac Bao ho lao

ong
ngha chnh tr
Bo h lao ng tt l gp phn tch cc chm lo bo v
sc kho, tnh mng v i sng
ngi lao ng, biu
hin
quan im qun chng, quan im qu trng con ngi
ca ng v Nh nc
nc, vai tr ca con ngi trong x hi
c tn trng.
Ngc li,
li nu cng tc bo h lao ng khng c
thc hin tt, iu kin lao ng ca ngi lao ng cn
qu nng nhc, c hi, xy ra nhiu tai nn lao ng
nghim trng th uy tn ca ch , uy tn ca doanh
nghip s b gim st
10

ong
ngha
h x hi
Bo h lao ng va l yu cu thit thc ca cc hot
ng sn xut kinh doanh, ng thi l yu cu, l nguyn
vng chnh ng ca ngi lao ng.
Bo h lao ng m bo cho x hi trong sng, lnh
mnh mi ngi lao ng c sng kho mnh
mnh,
mnh, lm
vic c hiu qu cao v c v tr xng ng trong x hi,
lm ch x hi, lm ch thin nhin, lm ch khoa hc k
thut.
thut
Tai nn lao ng khng xy ra, sc khe ca ngi lao
ng c bo m th Nh nc v x hi s gim bt
c nhng tn
tht
trong vic khc
phc hu qu v tp
trung u t cho cc cng trnh phc li x hi
11

ong
Li ch v kinh t
Trong sn xut, nu ngi lao ng c bo v
tt c
tt,
sc
kh
kho,
khng
kh b m
au,
bnh
b h tt
tt,
iu kin lm vic thoi mi, khng nm np lo
s b tai
t i nn lao
l
ng, b mc
bnh
b h ngh
h nghip
hi
s an tm, phn khi sn xut, s c ngy
cng
cao, gi
i cng
cao, nng
sut
t lao
l ng
cao,
cht lng sn phm tt lun lun hon
th h tt k hoch
thnh
h h sn
xut
t v
cng
t
tc.
12
Ngy
g y cngg lao ng
g s ggim
Sc lao ng ca x hi gim
Chi ph v bi thng TNL,
m au, iu tr, ma chay... l rt ln
Chi ph ln do my mc, nh
xng nguyn vt liu b h hng
xng,
TC HAI CA
TAI NN LAO
NG I VI
DOANH NGHIP
& X HI
Mu
Mucc ch cu
cua
a co
cong
ng tac
tac bao
bao ho lao ong
1
m bo an
ton thn
th ca
ngi lao
g
ng
2
Bo m
ngi
i lao
l
ng khe
mnh,, khng
mnh
b mc bnh
ngh nghip
3
Bi dng
phc hi kp
thi v duy tr
sc kho,
kho, kh
nng lao ng
cho ngi lao
ng
Noi dung
g cong tac Bao ho lao ong
K thut
an ton
t
V sinh
lao ng
Cc chnh
sch, ch
bo h lao
ng
Noi dung
g cong tac Bao ho lao ong (tip
p theo)
K thut
an ton :
- K thut an ton l h thng cc bin php v
phng tin v t chc v k thut nhm
phng nga s tc ng ca cc yu t nguy
hi trong sn xut
him
i vii ngii lao
l ng.
- Tt c cc bin php c quy nh c

th ti cc quy phm, tiu chun v cc vn
bn khc v lnh vc k thut an ton.
ton
16
Noi dung
p theo)
Ni
dungg k thut
an ton ch yu
y gm
g
nhng vn sau y:
Xc nh vng nguy him.
him
Xc nh cc bin php v qun l, t chc v
thao tc lm vic m bo an ton.
S dng cc thit b an ton thch ng: thit b
che chn, thit b phng nga, thit b bo
hi t
him,
tn hiu,
hi b
bo hiu,
hi ttrang b b
bo v c
nhn
17
Noi dung
p theo)
V sinh lao ng
g:
V sinh lao ng l h thng cc bin php v
phng tin v t chc v k thut nhm
phng nga s tc ng ca cc yu t c hi
trong sn xut
i vii ngii lao
l ng.
18
Noi dung
p theo)
Ni dung ch yu ca v sinh lao ng, bao gm:
Xc nh khong cch an ton v v sinh.
Xc nh cc yu t c hi ti sc kho.
Bin php v t chc, tuyn truyn, gio dc thc v kin
thc v v sinh lao ng, theo di qun l sc kho, tuyn
dng lao ng.
Bin php v v sinh hc, v sinh c nhn, v sinh mi
trng.
Cc bin php v k thut v sinh: k thut thng gi, iu

ho nhit ,
chng bi,
b i kh c; k thut
th t chng ting n
v rung sc; k thut chiu sng; k thut chng bc x,
phng x, in t trng...
19
Noi dung
p theo)
Chnh sch, ch bo h lao ng :
Cc chnh sch
sch, ch bo h lao ng ch yu bao gm:
cc bin php kinh t - x hi, t chc qun l v c ch qun
l cng tc bo h lao ng.
Cc chnh sch, ch nhm
m bo s dng sc lao ng
hp l khoa hc; bi dng phc hi sc lao ng; thi gi
, thi ggi ngh
g ngi....
g
lm vic,
Cc chnh sch, ch bo h lao ng nhm bo m
thc y vic thc hin cc bin php k thut an ton,
bin php v v sinh lao ng nh ch trch nhim ca
cn b qun l, ca t chc b my lm cng tc bo h lao
ng; k hoch ho cng tc bo h lao ng, cc ch v
tuyn truyn hun luyn,
luyn ch v thanh tra,
tra kim tra,
tra ch
v khai bo, iu tra, thng k, bo co tai nn lao ng....
20
Cc quii
C
nh
h v
qun
l k
thut an ton v v sinh lao
ng
g
21
Cc qui nh v qun l k thut an ton

v v sinh lao ng
a). Nh nc ban hnh tiu chun
k thut an
ton, tiu chun v sinh lao ng, quy phm
qun l i
vi tng loi my, thit
b, cng trnh,
kho tng, ho cht, ni lm vic; ngi s dng
lao ng phi cn c vo tiu chun,
quy phm
ca Nh nc xy dng ni quy, quy trnh lm
vic an ton. Tiu chun
an ton, v sinh l
tiu chun bt buc phi thc hin.
22

v v sinh lao ng
b).
) Khi lp
p d
n xyy dng
g mi hoc
ci to,
, m rng
g
cc c s sn xut, s dng bo qun, lu gi
my,
y, thit b,
, vt
t,, cc cht c yu
y cu
cc loi
nghim ngt v an ton v v sinh lao ng, ch
phi lp
p lun
chng
g v an ton v v
u t p
sinh lao ng. C quan c thm quyn tham gia
gi tnh kh thi ca lun
chng.
g
nh g
Danh mc cc c s, my mc, thit b, vt t, cht
c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton lao ng,
ng v
sinh lao ng do B Lao ng - Thng binh v X
hi v B Y t ban hnh.
hnh
23

v v sinh lao ng
c). Khi trin
khai thc hin cc d n (nu
im 2),
), ch u t p
phi thc
hin
ng
g
lun chng v an ton v v sinh lao ng
trong d n c Hi ng thm nh
d n chp thun.
24

v v sinh lao ng
d). Ngi s dng lao ng phi nh k kim
nh, bo dng, sa cha my mc, thit b,

nh xng v nh k o c cc yu
t
v sinh
lao ng ti ni lm vic v thc hin cc bin
php bo m ngi lao ng lun lun c lm
vic trong iu kin an ton v v sinh lao ng
theo tiu chun
nu im
1.
Cc my mc, thit b c yu cu nghim ngt v an
ton v v sinh lao ng u phi c ng k
v kim nh trc khi a vo s dng.
25

v v sinh lao ng
e/. Ti nhng ni lm vic nguy him,
c hi d
gy tai nn lao ng, s c sn xut e do n

tnh mng, sc kho ca ngi lao ng, ngi
s dng lao ng phi lp phng n x l
s c
trong trng hp khn
cp;
phi trang
b phng tin cp cu k thut, cp cu y t
m
bo
ng cu kp thi, c hiu qu.
Cc trang thit b ny phi c nh k kim tra

bo m s lng, cht lng v thun tin khi
s dng.
26

v v sinh lao ng
g). Ngi s dng lao ng phi trang b cho
ngi lao ng (khng thu tin) cc loi trang b
phng tin bo v c nhn
ngn nga tc
hi ca cc yu t nguy him c hi do cng
vic m cc bin php k thut cha loi tr ht.
27
Cc qui nh v hnh chnh

v t chc thc
hin
28
a). Ngi s dng lao ng ch c tuyn

dng (hoc hp ng)
ngi lao ng lm cc
cng vic ph hp vi sc kho ca h; c
quan y t
c B Y t
cho php mi c
thc hin dch v khm sc kho; cm ngi s
dng lao ng tuyn
lao ng n, lao ng v
thnh nin lm cc ngh, cng vic c iu kin
lao ng
bt
li cho s pht
trin
bnh
thng
ca lao ng v thnh nin v bt li cho vic

thc
h hi
hin chc
h nng
sinh
i h
, nui
i con ca
llao
ng n.
29
b). Trong qu trnh lm vic, ngi s dng lao

ng phi t chc khm sc kho nh k
k,
khm pht hin bnh ngh nghip cho ngi lao
ng; mi chi ph cho vic khm sc kho,
kho
khm bnh ngh nghip do ngi s dng lao
ng chu trch nhim thanh ton; thi gi i
khm sc kho nh k, khm pht hin bnh
ngh nghip c tnh l thi gi lm vic
vic.
30
c). Ngi s dng lao ng phi hun luyn v

bo
h lao ng cho ngi lao ng, ni dung
hun luyn bao gm: ni quy lao ng ca n v,
doanh nghip; quyn
v ngha v v
bo
h lao
ng ca ngi lao ng, phng php lm vic
an ton i
vi cng vic c giao; cch thc s
dng, bo qun phng tin bo v c nhn; cch

thc
x
l s c,
chy,
n;
phng php
s cu,
cp cu ngi b nn trong cc trng hp xy ra

s c.
Ngi
N i lao
l
ng phi
hi c
hun
h luyn
l
b sung kp thi khi thay i cng vic hoc cng
ngh
h sn
xut.
nh
h k ngi
i llao
ng
c h
hun
luyn li cng c, nng cao trnh , kin thc

v
an tton
v
v
sinh
i h llao ng.
31
d). Ngi s dng lao ng phi thc hin ch

thi gi lm vic, thi gi ngh ngi ph hp
vi tng loi cng vic, tng i tng ngi
lao ng, hn ch ti a vic lm thm gi.
e).
) Ngi
g
lao ng
g lm vic
trong
g iu kin
lao
ng c hi nhiu n sc kho c bi
g bng
g hin
vt
((khng
gp
phi tr tin)) theo
dng
quy nh ca Nh nc; c u i v thi gi
, thi gi
g ngh
g ngi.
g
lm vic,
32
g). Ngi s dng lao ng phi xy dng, ban

hnh ch trch nhim v bo h lao ng
cho cc n v thnh vin, cc cp cn b thuc
quyn qun l; phi c c b theo di n c
thc hin cng tc m bo an ton, v sinh lao
ng.
ng
h). Hng nm ngi s dng lao ng phi lp
k hoch bo h lao ng,
ng ci thin iu kin
lm vic ph hp vi tnh hnh hot ng lao
ng sn xut v yu cu m bo an ton sc kho ngi lao ng.
33
i) Ngi s dng lao ng phi t chc t kim

i).
tra tnh hnh thc hin, thc trng iu kin lm
vic ca cc cp
cp, cc n v thnh vin thuc
quyn qun l; t chc khc phc ngay nhng
thiu st tn ti
ti, cc nguy c gy tai nn lao
ng, bnh ngh nghip.
34
l).
) Ngi
g
s dng
g lao ng
g phi
p
chu
trch
nhim v tai nn lao ng, bnh ngh nghip
y ra trong
g n v,
, t chc cu cha,, iu tr
xy
cho ngi lao ng b tai nn lao ng, bnh
g nghip.
g p Khai bo iu tra,, thng
g k bo
ngh
co tai nn lao ng, bnh ngh nghip theo
gq
quy
y nh
ca p
php
p lut;
; thc
hin
bo co
ng
nh k v bo h lao ng vi c quan Lao
g - Thng
g binh v X hi
a
p
phng.
g
ng
35
Tho lun v tnh hung nghin cu 1: .
36
1 2 Cong
1.2.
Cong oa
oan
n trong cong
cong tac
tac
Bao ho lao ong
37
Vai tro cua to chc Cong oan trong cong

tac Bao ho lao ong
Cng
on
l t
chc
h i
i din
di cho
h ngi
i lao
l
ng, bo v quyn li ca ngi lao ng v
bo h lao ng theo php lut hin hnh v
Lut cng on, c th l:
- Cng on c s thay mt ngi lao ng k
c laoo
ngg tp
p th vi
v ngi
g s dng
d g
tha
lao ng, trong c nu r cc bin php ci
thin iu kin lm vic, bo m an ton v v
sinh lao ng;
38

tac Bao ho lao ong
- Tin
Ti hnh
h h ki
kim tra vic
i chp
h hnh
h h llut
php,
h ch
h
chnh sch v bo h lao ng. Cng on c quyn
yu cu c quan Nh nc
nc, ngi s dng lao ng
thc hin ng php lut, tiu chun, quy nh v
bo h lao ng,
ng c quyn yu cu ngi c trch
nhim tm ngng hot ng nhng ni c nguy
y tai nn
lao ng;
g;
c ggy
- Cng on tham gia vi c quan Nh nc, cc cp
quyn
y xyy dng
g cc vn bn p
php
p lut,
, ch
chnh q
chnh sch, tiu chun, quy phm, k hoch bin php
v bo h lao ng;
39

tac Bao ho lao ong (tip theo)
- Cng
C on
c
i
i din
di tham
th
gia
i vo
cc
on
iu
i
tra tai nn lao ng;
- Cng on tham gia vi chnh quyn xt khen
thng v x l vi phm v bo h lao ng;
- Cng on tham gia vi Nh nc xy dng
Chng trnh quc gia v bo h lao ng, tham
gia v t chc thc hin cc chng trnh, ti
nghin
hi cu
khoa
kh h
hc k thut
th t b
bo h lao
l
ng,
xy dng tiu chun quc gia v bo h lao ng.
Tng Lin on Lao ng Vit Nam trc tip qun l
Vin nghin cu khoa hc k thut bo h lao ng
quc gia;
40

tac Bao ho lao ong (tip theo)
- Cng on tuyn truyn
gio dc v tham gia
t chc hun luyn
y bo h lao ng
g cho
ngi lao ng, vn ng h lm tt ngha v
trong cng tc bo h lao ng;
- Cng on t chc, ch o hot ng phong
tro qun
chng lm bo h lao ng v
qqun l,
ch o hot ng
g mng
g li an ton
v sinh vin
41
11.3.
3 He
H tho
h ng cac van ba
b n
phap luat hien ha
phap
hanh
nh
Viet
Nam ve Bao ho lao ong
42
43
Cc vn bn php lut (B lut),

Php lnh lin quan:
- B Lut Lao ng
- Lut Bo him x hi
- Lut bo
v sc kho
nhn dn
- Lut v phng chy, cha chy
- Lut bo v mi trng
- Lut chuyn giao cng ngh nc ngoi vo Vit Nam
- Php lnh v x l vi phm hnh chnh.
44
Cc vn bn php lut v
ATL, VSL
c th chia thnh 03 nhm sau:
- An ton lao ng;
- V sinh
i h llao ng;
- Cc quy nh
v
cchnh sc
sch cch
BHL.
45
He thong cac van ban phap luat hien hanh Viet

Nam ve Bao ho lao ong
Hin
php nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha
Vit
Nam ban hnh nm 1992
- iu 56 quy nh: "Nh nc ban hnh ch
chnh sch v bo h lao ng,
ng Nh nc quy
nh thi gian lao ng,... ch ngh ngi,
ch bo him
x hi..." cho ngi lao ng;
- Cc iu 29, 39, 61 quy nh cc ni dung
khc v bo h lao ng.
46

Nam ve Bao ho lao ong (tip theo)
B L
Lut
t L
Lao
ng nc
Cng
C ho
h x
hi ch
h ngha
h Vit N
Nam
c hiu lc k t ngy 01/01/1995.
- Chng VII : Quy nh v thi gi lm vic,
vic thi gi ngh
ngi;
- Chngg IX : Quy
y nh v an ton lao ng
g - v sinh lao ng;
g
- Chng X : Nhng quy nh ring i vi lao ng n;
- Chng XI : Nhng quy nh ring i vi lao ng cha
thnh nin;
- Chng XII : Nhng quy nh v bo him x hi;
- Chng
Ch
XVI : Nhng
Nh quy
nh
h th
thanhh tra
t Nh nc
v lao
l
ng, x pht vi phm php lut lao ng v mt s iu c
lin qquan cc chng
g khc
47

L bo
Lut
b v sc
khe
kh nhn
h d
dn nc
C
Cng ho
h x
hi ch ngha Vit Nam ban hnh nm 1989.

- Quy
Q nh
h trch
h nhim
hi ca
ngi
i s
dng
d
lao
l ng
phi trc tip chm lo, bo v, tng cng sc kho

cho ngi lao ng;
- Phi to iu kin cho ngi lao ng c iu
dng ngh ngi,
dng,
ngi phc hi chc nng;
- Phi cn c vo quyt nh ca Hi ng Gim nh y
khoa v tnh trng sc kho ca ngi lao ng
thc hin cc chnh sch i vi h;
48

L
Lut
t b
bo v sc
kh
khe nhn
h d
dn nc
Cng
C ho
h x
hi ch
h
ngha Vit Nam ban hnh nm 1989 (tip theo).
- Phi m bo an ton lao ng
ng, thc hin ng cc tiu chun
v v sinh lao ng v phi t chc khm sc khe nh k
cho ngi lao ng;
- Nghim cm
vic lm nhim cc ngun
nc sinh hot;
- m bo v sinh trong sn xut, bo qun, vn chuyn v s
d
dng
h
ha cht;
ht
- Phi thc hin nhng bin php x l cht thi cng nghip,
trnh nhim t, nc, khng kh
49

Lut bo v mi trng nc Cng ho x hi

ch ngha
g
Vit
Nam ban hnh nm 1993
- iu 17, 18 quy nh: C s phi bo co nh
gi mi trng Nh nc thm nh ;
- Cc iu 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25 v 29 quy nh
v trch nhim ca ngi s dng lao ng
trong vic bo v mi trng
50

Lut u
t nc ngoi ti Vit Nam nc
Cng
g ho x hi
ch ngha
g
Vit
Nam ban
hnh nm 1987.
iu 34 quy nh nhng ni dung v an ton
v v sinh lao ng khi nc ngoi u t vo
Vit Nam
51
H thng cc vn bn quy nh ca Chnh ph v

cc B, ngnh chc nng
- Ngh nh s
06/CP ngy 20 thng 1 nm 1995
hng dn thc hin mt s iu ca B Lut
Lao ng v
an ton v v sinh lao ng. y l
vn bn quy phm hng dn ch o trong
vic quy nh thc thi php lut v
ATVSL.
Tip n l
52

cc B, ngnh chc nng
- Ngh nh s
110/N-CP ngy 27/12/2004 sa
i b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 06/CP

ngy 20 thng 1 nm 1995 hng dn
thc hin
mt s iu ca B Lut Lao ng v an ton v
v sinh lao ng. Nhng vn bn
ny thc
hin hng dn v quy nh r thm mt s iu
khon
ca
B lut lao ng v
lnh vc ATVSL
53
H thng cc vn bn quy nh ca
Chnh ph v cc B, ngnh chc nng
Ngh nh s
195/CP ngy 31 thng 12
nm 1994 hng
g dn thc
hin
mt
s
iu ca B Lut Lao ng v thi gian
lm vic
vic, thi gi ngh ngi l vn bn quy
phm hng dn ch o trong vic quy
nh thc thi php lut v thi gi lm
vic, thi gi ngh ngi.
54
H thng cc vn bn quy nh ca
Chnh ph v cc B, ngnh chc nng
Ngh nh s
109/N-CP ngy
27/12/2004 sa i b sung
g mt
s iu
ca Ngh nh s 195/CP ngy 31 thng
12 nm 1994 hng dn thc hin mt s
iu ca B Lut Lao ng v thi gian
lm vic
vic, thi gi ngh ngi.
ngi Nhng vn
bn ny thc hin hng dn v quy
nh r thm mt s
iu
khon ca B
lut
lao ng
g v lnh vc
TGLV,, TGNN
55

cc B, ngnh chc nng
- Ngh nh s
hng dn mt s iu c B Lut Lao ng v
nhng qui nh ring i
vi lao ng n.
Nhng vn bn ny thc hin hng dn v
quy nh r thm mt s
iu
khon ca B lut
lao ng v lnh vc v s dng lao ng n
56

cc B, ngnh chc nng
- Ngh nh s
113/2004/N-CP ngy 16.4.2004
v Quy nh x pht hnh chnh v hnh vi vi
phm php lut lao ng (Ngh nh ny thay
th Ngh nh s 38/1996/ N-CP ngy
25/6/1996). Ngh nh ny quy nh chi tit
vic
x pht hnh chnh v nhng hnh vi vi phm
php lut lao ng
57

cc B, ngnh chc nng
- Ngh nh s
qui nh vic x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong
lnh vc qun l Nh nc v
y t
(iu
3). Ngh
nh quy nh vic x pht hnh chnh vi phm
v
y t,
trong c mt s
ch
ti iu
chnh
vic vi phm v chm sc sc khe v bo m
mi trng lm vic an ton sc khe
ngh
nghip cho ngi lao ng
58

cc B, ngnh chc nng
- N
Ngh
h nh
h 38/N
38/N-CP
CP ca
Ch
Chnhh ph
h ngy
25/6/1996, quy nh x pht hnh chnh v hnh vi vi

phm php lut lao ng.
- Quyt nh s 188/1999/Q-TTg ngy
g Chnh ph v vic
17/9/1999 ca Th tng
thc hin tun
lm vic 40 gi. Quy nh thc
hin tun lm vic 40 gi (5 ngy lm vic/tun)
i vi cc c quan
quan, t chc nh nc
nc, t chc
chnh tr x hi v khuyn ngh cc doanh
nghip nh nc t chc thc hin
59

cc B, ngnh chc nng
- Th
Thng t 23/2003/TT
23/2003/TT-BLDTBXH
BLDTBXH ngy
03/11/2003
quy nh, hng dn th tc ng k v kim nh
cc loi my,
my thit b,
b vt t,
t cc cht c yu cu
nghim ngt v an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng.
- Thng t 37/2005/TT-BLDTBXH
37/2005/TT BLDTBXH ngy 29/12/2005
hng dn cng tc hun luyn an ton, v sinh lao
ng.
ng
- Quyt nh 199/2005/Q-BLDTBXH ngy
07/3/2005 v vic ban hnh quy ch tm thi hot
ng thanh tra Nh nc v lao ng theo phng
trch vng
g
thc thanh tra vin pph
60
Thng t lin tch (Lin B) khc hng

dn v quy nh cc lnh vc nh:
- Thng t Lin tch s
01/2011/TTLTBLTBXH-BYT-TLLVN ngy 11/1/2011 ca
B LTBXH-B Y t
v Tng
LL VN.
Hng dn vic t chc thc hin cng tc
BHL trong c s lao ng.
- Thng
g t lin tch s 08/1998/TTLT-BYTBLTBXH ngy 20/4/1998 ca lin tch B...
Hng dn thc hin cc quy nh v bnh
ngh nghip.
61

- Thng t lin tch s
10/1999/TTLT-BLTBXHBYT ngy 17/3/1999 ca lin tch B... Hng
dn
thc hin ch
bi
dng bng
hin vt
i vi ngi lao ng lm vic trong iu kin
c yu
t
nguy him,
c hi.
- Thng
g t lin B s 03/TT-LB ngy
g y 28/01/1994
ca lin B LTBXH v Y-t Quy nh cc iu
kin lao ng c hi v cc cng vic khng
c s dng lao ng n.
62

- Thng t lin B s
09/TT-LB ngy 13/4/1995
ca lin B LTBXH-Y t Quy nh cc iu
kin lao ng c hi v cc cng vic cm
s
dng lao ng cha thnh nin.
- Thng t lin tch s 29/2000/TTLT-BLTBXHg y 26/12/ 2000 ca lin tch B... Quy
y
BYT ngy
nh danh mc ngh, cng vic ngi b nhim
HIV/AIDS khng c lm.
63

- Thng t lin tch s
14/2005/TTLT-BLTBXHBYT-TLLVN ngy 08/3/2005 ca Lin tch
B... Hng dn
v
khai bo, i tra, lp bin
bn, thng k , bo co nh k tai nn lao ng.
- Thng t lin tch s 10/2006/TTLT/
g y 12/9/2006 v hng
g dn
BLTBXH-BYT ngy
vic thc hin ch bi thng v tr cp i
vi ngi lao ng bi tai nn lao ng, bnh
ngh nghip.
64

H thng
cc tiu chun,
quy phm v an ton, v sinh
lao ng, h thng cc quy trnh an ton lao ng
theo ngh v cng vic.
- TCVN 5308-91 v V sinh v An ton lao ng.
g
- TCVN 4086-95 v An ton in.
- TCVN 8985-85
8985 85 v Chng bi
bi, ting n
n, rung ng
ng.
- TCVN 3254-89 v Phng chng chy.
- TCVN 3255-86 v An ton n
-
65
1.4. Quyn v ngha v ca ngi s

dng lao ng (NSDL) trong vic
chp
p hnh q
quy
y nh
v ATVSL,,
chnh sch, ch v BHL i vi
ngi
i lao
l ng
(NL)
(
)
66
Quyen va ngha vu cua ngi s dung lao ong noi

chung trong viec thc hien an toan ve sinh lao ong
Theo B L
Th
Lut
t Lao
L ng
v Ngh
N h nh
h 06/N-CP
06/N CP ngy
20/01/1995 th:
ca ngi
g
s dng
g lao ng
g
Trch nhim
- Ngi s dng lao ng c trch nhim trang b y
phng tin bo h lao ng, bo m an ton lao ng, v
sinh lao ng v ci thin iu kin lao ng cho ngi lao
ng.
- Vic xy dng mi hoc m rng, ci to c s sn xut, s
d
dng,
b
bo qun,
lu
l gi
i v tng
t tr
t cc
loi
l i my,
thit b,
b vt
t
t, cc cht c yu cu nghim ngt v an ton lao ng, v
sinh lao ng, phi c lun chng v cc bin php bo
an ton
m
t lao
l ng,
v sinh
i h lao
l ng
i vi
i nii lm
l vic
i
ca ngi lao ng v mi trng xung quanh theo quy nh
ca php lut.
67

Theo B L
Th
Lut
Lao
L ng
v Ngh
N h nh
h 06/N-CP
06/N CP ngy
20/01/1995 th:
Trch nhim ca ngi s dng lao ng
- Vic sn xut, s dng, bo qun, vn chuyn cc loi my,
thit b, vt t, nngg lng,
g in, ho cht, thuc tr su, dit
c, dit chut, vic thay i
cng ngh, nhp khu
cng ngh
mi phi c thc hin theo tiu chun an ton lao ng,
v sinh lao ng
ng. Cc loi my,
my thit b,
b vt t,
t cc cht c
yu cu nghim ngt v an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng
phi c khai bo, ng k v xin cp giy php vi c quan
thanh
h h tra Nh nc
v an ton
lao
l
ng hhoc
v sinh
i h lao
l ng.
68

chung
h
trong
t
vie
i c th
thc hi
hien an ttoan ve sinh
i h llao o
ng
Trch
T
h nhim
hi ca
ngi
i s
dng
d
lao
l ng
- Ngi s dng lao ng phi m bo ni lm vic

tiu
t
i chun
h v khng
kh gian,
i
thong,
h
sng,
t tiu chun v sinh cho php v bi, hi, kh

c phng x
c,
x, in t trng,
trng nng,
nng m,
m n,
n rung
v cc yu t c hi khc. Cc yu t phi c
nh k kim tra o lng
lng.
- Ngi s dng lao ng phi nh k kim tra, tu
sa my, thit b, nh xng, kho tng theo tiu
chun an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng;
69

Trch
T
h nhim
hi ca
ngi
i s
d
dng llao
ng
- Ngi s dng lao ng phi c cc phng tin che
chn cc b phn d gy nguy him ca my
my, thit b trong
doanh nghip: ni lm vic, ni t my, thit b, ni c yu
t nguy him, c hi trong doanh nghip, phi b tr phng
s c,
c bng
b ch
h dn
d v an ton
lao
l ng,
v sinh
i h lao
l ng
t v tr m mi ngi d thy, d c.
- Trong trng hp ni lm vic,
vic my,
my thit b c nguy c gy tai
nn lao ng, bnh ngh nghip, ngi s dng lao ng
phi thc hin ngay nhng bin php khc phc hoc phi
ra lnh
l h ngng
hot
h
ng
tii nii lm
l vic
i v i vi
i my,
thit b cho ti khi nguy c c khc phc.

70

Trch
T
h nhim
hi ca
ngi
i s
dng
d
lao
l ng
- Ni lm vic c yu t nguy him, c hi, d gy

taii nn lao
l ng
phi
hi c
ngi
i s
d
dng llao
ng trang b k thut, y-t v trang b bo h lao
ng thch hp m bo ng cu kp thi khi xy
ra s c, tai nn lao ng.
- Hng nm,
nm khi xy dng k hoch sn xut kinh
doanh ca doanh nghip phi lp k hoch, bin
php an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng v ci
thin iu kin lao ng;
71

Trch
T
h nhim
hi ca
ngi
i s
dng
d
lao
l ng
- Trang b y phng tin bo v c nhn v

thc
h hi
hin cc
ch
h kh
khc v an ton
llao ng,
v
sinh lao ng i vi ngi lao ng theo quy nh
ca Nh nc;
- C ngi gim st vic thc hin cc quy nh, ni
quy bin php an ton lao ng
quy,
ng, v sinh lao ng
trong doanh nghip; phi hp vi Cng on c s
xy dng v duy tr s hot ng ca mng li an
ton - v sinh vin;
72

Trch
nhim
ca
ngi
s
dng lao ng
y dng
g ni
q
quy,
y, q
quy
y trnh an ton lao
- Xy
ng, v sinh lao ng ph hp vi tng loi
y, thit b,
, vt
t k c khi i mi cng
g
my,
ngh my, thit b, vt t v ni lm vic theo
ttiu
u chun
c u quy nh
ca Nh
N nc;
c;
- T chc hun luyn, hng dn cc tiu
chun quy nh,
chun,
nh bin php an ton,
ton v sinh
lao ng i vi ngi lao ng;
73

Trch nhim ca ngi s dng lao ng
- T chc khm sc kho nh
k
cho ngi
g
lao ng
g
theo tiu chun, ch quy nh;
- Chp hnh nghim chnh quy nh khai bo, iu
tra tai nn lao ng, bnh ngh nghip v nh k
6 thng, hng nm bo co kt qu tnh hnh thc
hin an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng, ci thin iu
kin lao ng vi S Lao ng - Thng binh v X
hi ni doanh nghip hot ng
74

chung
h
trong
t
vie
i c th
thc hi
hien an ttoan ve sinh
i h llao o
ng
Quyn
Q
ca
ngi
i s
d
dng llao ng:
- Buc ngi lao ng phi tun theo cc quy nh, ni

quy, bin
bi php
h an ton
lao
l
ng, v sinh
i h lao
l
ng;
- Khen thng ngi chp hnh tt v k lut ngi vi
phm
h trong vic
i thc
h hin
hi an ton
lao
l ng,
v sinh
i h
lao ng;
- Khiu
Khi nii vi
i c quan Nh nc
c thm
h quyn
v
quyt nh ca Thanh tra vin lao ng v an ton lao
ng v sinh lao ng nhng vn phi nghim
ng,
chnh chp hnh quyt nh
75
1.5.
1
5 Quyn v ngha v ca
ngi
g
lao ng
g (N
(NL)) trong
g
vic chp hnh quy nh v
ATVSL, chnh sch, ch v
BHL
76
Quyen va ngha vu cua ngi lao ong trong viec

thc hien an toan ve sinh lao ong
Theo B Lut
Th
L Lao
L ng
v Ngh
N h nh
h 06/N-CP
06/N CP ngy
20/01/1995 th
T h nhim
Trch
hi ca
ngi
i lao
l ng:
- Chp hnh cc quy nh, ni quy v an ton lao ng,

v sinh
i h lao
l
ng c
li
lin quan
n cng
vic,
i nhim
hi
v c giao;
- Phi s
ddng v bo
b qun
cc
phng
h
tin
i bo
b v c
nhn c trang cp, cc thit b an ton v sinh
ni lm vic,
vic nu lm mt hoc h hng th phi bi
thng;
77

Theo B Lut
Th
L t Lao
L
ng v Ngh
N h
nh
h 06/N
06/N-CP
CP ngy
20/01/1995 th
Trch nhim ca ngi lao ng (tip theo):
- Phi bo co kp thi vi ngi c trch nhim khi
pht hin nguy c gy tai nn lao ng, bnh ngh
nghip, gy c hi hoc s c nguy him, tham gia
cp cu v khc phc hu qu tai nn lao ng khi c
l h ca
lnh
ngi
i s
dng
d
lao
l ng.
Ngoi ra:
- Ngi
N i lao
l ng
phi
hi chp
h h
hnhh nghim
hi chnh
h h ni
i quy
lm vic ca doanh nghip
78

Theo B L
Th
Lut
Lao
L ng
v Ngh
N h nh
h 06/N-CP
06/N CP ngy
20/01/1995 th
Quyn ca ngi lao ng:
- Yu cu ngi s dng lao ng bo m iu kin lm vic an
ton, v sinh, ci thin iu kin lao ng;
g trang
g cp
p y
y
phng tin bo v c nhn, hun
luyn, thc hin bin php
an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng;
- T chi
hi lm
l cng
vic
i hoc
h ri
i b ni
i lm
l vic
i khi th
thy r
c
nguy c xy ra tai nn lao ng, e da nghim trng tnh

mng,
g sc kho ca mnh v phi
p bo ngay
g y vi ngi
g
ph
p
trch trc tip; t chi tr li lm vic ni ni trn nu nhng
nguy c cha c khc phc;
79

Theo
h B Lut Lao ng
v Ngh
h nh
h 06/N-CP
/
ngy 20/01/1995 th
Quyn ca ngi lao ng (tip theo):
- Khiu ni hoc t co vi c quan Nh nc c
thm quyn khi ngi s dng lao ng vi
phm quy nh ca Nh nc hoc khng thc
hin ng cc giao kt v an ton lao ng, v
sinh lao ng trong hp ng lao ng
ng, tho
c lao ng.
80

Theo B L
Th
Lut
Lao
L ng
v Ngh
N h nh
h 06/N-CP
06/N CP ngy
20/01/1995 th
Quyn ca ngi lao ng:
- c m bo thc hin cc ni dung giao kt v an ton lao
ng,
g v sinh lao ngg trongg hp
p ng
g lao ng:
g
a) c m bo iu kin lm vic an ton - v sinh;
b) c hun luyn v k thut an ton - v sinh v bin php
lm vic an ton - v sinh;
c) c trang cp phng tin bo v c nhn v bi dng bng
hin vt (nu vic lm c yu t c hi,
hi nguy him).
him)
d) c hng cc ch , chnh sch v bo h lao ng
81
Tnh hung nghin cu 2: ..

..
82
Nhng cong viec nao co yeu cau nghiem ngat ve an

toan va
toan
va ve sinh lao ong?
g y 29/12/2005
Theo Thngg t 37/2005/TT-BLTBXH ngy
th cc cng vic sau y l nhng cng vic c yu
cu nghim ngt v an ton, v sinh lao ng:
Cc cng vic tin
hnh trong mi trng c yu
t c hi
nh ha cht c, phng x, vi sinh vt gy bnh...;
Cc cng vic thng xuyn tip xc vi ngun in v cc
thit b in d gy tai nn;
Sn xut, s dng, bo qun, vn chuyn cc loi thuc n v
phng tin n (kp, dy n, dy chy chm...);
83
Nhng cong viec nao co yeu cau nghiem ngat ve an

toan va
toan
va ve sinh lao ong?
g y 29/12/2005
Theo Thngg t 37/2005/TT-BLTBXH ngy
th cc cng vic sau y l nhng cng vic c yu
Cc cng vic c kh nng pht sinh chy, n;
Cc cng vic tin hnh trong mi trng c ting n cao,

m cao;
Khoan, o hm l, h su, khai khong, khai thc m;
Cc cng vic trn cao,
cao ni cheo leo nguy him,
him trn sng
sng,
trn bin, ln su di nc;
84
Nhng cong viec nao co yeu cau nghiem ngat ve an toan va

ve sinh lao ong?
Theo Thng t 37/2005/TT-BLTBXH ngy 29/12/2005

th
h cc
cng
vic
i sau y
l nhng
h cng
vic
i c yu

Vn hnh
hnh, sa cha ni hi,
hi h thng iu ch v np kh
kh,
bnh chu lc, h thng lnh, ng ng dn hi nc, ng
ng dn kh t; chuyn ch kh nn, kh ha lng, kh ha
tan;
Vn hnh, sa cha cc loi thit b nng, cc loi my xc,
xe nng hng, thit b nng khng dng cp hoc xch, thang
my,
thang
h
cun;
Vn hnh, sa cha cc loi my ca, ct, t, dp, nghin,

trn... d gy cc tai nn nh cun tc, cun tay, chn, kp, va
p...;
Khai thc lm sn, thy sn; thm d, khai thc du kh;
85
11.6.
6 Ni quy an ton lao ng
ng,
v sinh lao ng
g ca c s
86
Theo iu 83-BLL v Ngh nh 41/CP ngy

06/07/1995 quy nh
h ni
i dung
d
ch
h yu
ca
ni
i quy
lao ng bao gm
Thi gi lm vic v thi gi ngh ngi gm thi
gi lm vic trong ngy,
ngy trong nm,
nm trong tun,
tun thi
gi ngh gii lao trong ca lm vic, s ca lm vic,
ngy ngh hng tun,
tun ngy ngh l
l, ngh hng nm,
nm
ngh v vic ring, s gi lm thm trong ngy trong
tun trong thng,
thng trong nm.
nm
Trt t trong doanh nghip bao gm : phm vi lm
vic,
i i li,
l i giao
i tip
i v nhng
h yu
cu
khc
kh v gi
i
gn trt t chung.
87

06/07/1995 quy nh
h ni
i dung
d
ch
h yu
ca
ni
i quy
lao ng bao gm
An ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng ni lm vic
bao gm : vic chp hnh nhng bin php m bo
an ton lao ng, v sinh lao ng ngn nga tai nn
lao ng
g v bnh
ngh
g nghip,
g p, tun th cc qquy
y
phm, cc tiu chun an ton lao ng v sinh lao
ng, vic s dng v bo qun trang b phng h c
nhn, v sinh cng nghip ni lm vic.
Bo v ti sn, b mt cng ngh kinh doanh ca
n v, cc loi ti sn, ti liu, t liu ca n v
thuc phm vi trch nhim c giao.
88

06/07/1995 quy nh
h ni
i dung
d
ch
h yu
ca
ni
i quy
lao ng bao gm
Cc hnh vi vi phm k lut lao ng hnh thc x l k lut
lao ng
g v trch nhim
vt
cht. Ngi
g
s dng
g lao ng
g c
trch nhim c th ha tng loi hnh vi vi phm, mc vi phm.
Cc hnh thc x l vi phm k lut lao ng. Xc nh cc loi
trch nhim vt cht,
cht mc thit hi,
hi phng thc bi thng
ph hp vi c im ca n v vi tha c lao ng tp th v
khng tri php lut.
Ni quy lao ng c ph bin n tng ngi lao ng, phi
nim yt ni lm vic, phng tuyn lao ng v ni cn thit
khc trong n v
v.
89
V d v quy nh an ton & v sinh lao ng

ca mt cng ty in thoi
Xem ti liu
X
li k
km th
theo
a CD d
do ging
i vin
i
cung cp
90
1.7. iu kin lao ng, cc yu t

nguy him,
c hi gy tai nn lao
ng bnh ngh nghip v bin
ng,
php
p
pp
phng
g nga
g
91
ieu kien lao ong la g

g?
iu kin
lao ng
g l tng
g th cc yu
y t k
thut, t chc lao ng, kinh t, x hi, t
nhin th hin qua qu trnh cng ngh,
nhin,
ngh cng
c lao ng, i tng lao ng, nng lc ca
ngi lao ng v s tc ng qua li gia cc
yu t to nn iu kin lm vic ca con
ngi trong qu trnh lao ng sn xut
92
ieu kien lao

ong khng
thun li
Yu t gy chn thng
c th tn ti di cc dng
c l,
c,
l ha,
ha sinh hc xy
ra trong qu trnh lao ng
v c th gy ra tai nn lao
ng lm cht ngi hay
tn thng cc b phn
trn c th
Yu t c hi
n sc kho
sinh ra trong qu
trnh sn xut tc
ng mt cch t
t n sc khe
gy bnh ngh
nghip
93
Cc yu t nguy him trong lao ng

L nhng
g yyu t c nguy
g y c g
gy
y chn
thng hoc cht ngi i vi ngi lao
ng
94

2.1- Cc b phn truyn ng, chuyn ng:
Trc my, bnh rng, dy ai chuyn v cc
loi c cu truyn ng; s chuyn ng ca
bn thn my mc nh-: t, my trc, tu bin,
s lan, on tu ha, on gong c nguy c
cun,
cn, kp, ct;
Tai nn gy ra c th
lm
cho ngi lao ng b chn thng hoc cht;
2.2- Ngun nhit: cc l nung vt liu, kim
nng
g chy,
y, nu n... to
nguy
g y c bng,
g,
loi
nguy c chy n;
95

2.3- Ngun in: Theo tng mc in p v
cng dng in to nguy c in git,
in phng, in t trng, chy do chp in..;
lm t lit h thng h hp, tim mch.
2.4- Vt
ri,, ,, sp:
p Thng
g l hu
q
qu ca
trng thi vt cht khng bn vng, khng n
g
gy
y ra nh sp
p l,, vt
ri t trn cao trong
g
nh
xy dng; ri, ln trong khai thc ,
g o ng
g hm;; tng,
g, ct
in,
,
trong
cng trnh trong xy lp; cy ; hng ho
g sp
p xp
p kho tng....
g
trong
96

2.5- Vt vng bn: Thng gp l phoi ca cc
my gia cng nh: my mi, my tin, c kim
loi; g nh li cc my gia cng g; vng
trong n mn....
97

2.6- N
- N vt l: Trong thc t sn xut c th n
p sut ca mi cht trong
g cc thit b chu
khi p
p lc, cc bnh cha kh nn, kh thin nhin
g vt
q
qu g
gii hn
bn cho php
p p ca v
ho lng
bnh hoc do thit b b rn nt, phng mp, b
g lu. Khi thit b n s sinh
n mn do s dng
cng rt ln lm ph v cc vt cn v gy tai
cho mi
ngi
g
xung
gq
quanh.
nn
98

2.6- N
- N ha hc: L s bin i v mt ha hc
g mt
thi g
gian rt
ca cc cht din ra trong
ngn, vi mt tc rt ln to ra lng sn
phm chyy ln,, nhit
p

rt cao v p
p lc
ln
ph hy hoi cc cng trnh, gy tai nn cho
g
trong
gp
phm
vi vng
g n.
ngi
99
Cac yu t tac hai gy benh nghe nghiep

Tc hi l nhng yu t c hi ca iu kin lao
ng.
Khi cc yu t iu kin lao ng vt qu
gii hn ca tiu chun v sinh lao ng cho
php,
h n
s gy
nn
khng
kh th
thun
llii trong
t
lao
l
ng hoc lm gim sc khe ca ngi lao
ng, gy bnh ngh nghip.
100
Cac yu t tac hai gy benh nghe nghiep

Cc yu t tc hi gy bnh ngh nghip:
Vi kh hu,
Rung ng,
ng
nh sng,
B i
Bi,
Cc cht, hi, kh c,
T th lm vic
101
Cac yu t tac hai gy benh nghe nghiep: Vi

kh hu
Vi kh hu l trng thi l hc ca khng kh
trong khong khng gian thu hp ca ni lm
vic bao gm:
Cc yu t nhit , m, bc x nhit v tc
vn
chuyn
h ca
kh
khng kh.
kh
Cc yu t ny phi m bo gii hn nht nh,
ph hp vi sinh l ca con ngi
102
Cac yu t tac hai gy benh nghe nghiep: Vi

kh hu
Nhit cao hn hoc thp hn tiu chun cho php lm
suy nhc c th,
lm t lit s vn ng, do lm tng mc
nguy him khi s dng my mc thit b....Nhit qu cao
s gy bnh thn kinh, tim mch, bnh ngoi da, say nng, say
nng, c nhn mt ngh nghip. Nhit qu thp s gy ra
cc bnh v h hp, bnh thp khp, kh nim mc, cm lnh...
m
cao c th dn
n
tng dn
in ca vt cch in,
tng nguy c n do bi kh, c th kh bi tit qua m hi.
Cc yu t tc gi
gi, bc x nhit nu cao hoc thp hn
tiu chun v sinh cho php u nh hng n sc kho, gy
bnh tt v gim kh nng lao ng ca con ngi.
103
Cac yu t tac hai gy benh nghe nghiep: Rung

g
ng
Rungg ng
g thngg do cc dng
g c cm tay
y bng
g kh
nn, do cc ng c n...to
ra.
g hn cho
Lm vic trongg iu kin c rungg ngg qqu gii
php d gy cc bnh ngh nghip nh: ic,
vim thn
kinh thc vt, ri lon cm gic, ri lon pht dc, tn

th
thng
v xng kh
khp v
c; hoc
h lm
l gim
i kh nng
tp trung trong lao ng sn xut, gim kh nng nhy

bn ngi mt mi,
bn....ngi
mi cu gt,
gt bun ng
ng...
Tnh trng trn d dn n tai nn lao ng
104
Cac yu t tac hai gy benh nghe nghiep:

Chiu
C
u sng
s g khng
g hp
p l
Chiu sng
g thch hp
p s bo v th lc,
, chngg mt
mi, trnh tai nn lao ng v bnh ngh nghip,

g
ngg thi tngg nngg sut lao ng.
Khi chiu sng khng m bo tiu chun quy
nh (thng l qu thp) ngoi tc hi lm tng
nh,
ph phm, gim nng sut lao ng... v mt k
thut an ton cn thy r: kh nng gy tai nn
lao ng tng ln do khng nhn r hoc cha
thi gian mt nhn bit s vt (thiu nh sng);
do la mt (nh sng chi qu)
105
Cac yu t tac hai gy benh nghe nghiep: Bi
Bi l tp hp ca nhiu ht c kch thc nh

b tn ti trong khng kh; nguy him nht l
bi c kch thc t 0,5
0 5 n 5 micrmt; khi ht
phi loi bi ny s c 70 n 80% lng bi i
vo
phi
hi v lm
l tn
thng
h
phi
hi hoc
h gy
bnh
b h
bi phi.
Mc nguy him ca bi ph thuc vo tnh
cht l hc,
hc ha hc ca chng.
chng
106
Cac yu t tac hai gy benh nghe nghiep: Bi
V mt v sinh lao ng, bi gy tc hi di

nhiu dng:
T
Tn thng
th
c quan h hp:
h xy
st,
t vim
i kinh
ki h
nin, tu theo loi bi c th dn n vim phi,
ung th
th phi.
hi
Bnh ngoi da: bt l chn lng, l lot, gh...
Tn thng mt.
Bnh
bi
pphi.
107
Cac yu t tac hai gy benh nghe nghiep: Cc yu t v

cng lao ng, t th lao ng g b v n iu
trong lao ng
Do yu cu ca cng ngh v t chc lao ng m

ngi
i lao
l ng
c th
h phi
hi lao
l ng
cng
lao
l
ng qu mc theo ca, kp, t th lm vic g b trong
thi gian di,
di nga ngi,
ngi vo ngi,
ngi treo ngi trn
cao, mang vc nng, ng tc lao ng n iu
bun t...hoc vi trch nhim cao gy cng thng
v thn
th kinh
ki h t
tm l
l.
Gy nn nhng hn ch cho hot ng bnh
thng gy tr tr pht trin
thng,
trin, gy hin tng tm l
mt mi, chn nn dn ti nhng bin i c ch thn
kinh.
Cui cng gy bnh tm l mt mi u oi, suy
nhc thn kinh, au mi c xng, c khi dn n
t i nn lao
tai
l ng
108
Cac bien phap cai thien ieu kien vi kh hau:

Nhit
Cng nhn thng xuyn phi chu ng mi
loi thi tit.
Ti cc nc nhit i, bc x mt tri vi
nhit v m khng kh cao lm tng s
mi mt ca cng nhn khi lm nhng cng
vic nng nhc v gia tng trng thi cng
thng v sc nng,
nng gy ra cc chng kit sc
v nng, say nng, phi chm sc y t v lm
suy yu sc lc,
lc nh hng ca sc nng kt
hp vi gnh nng cng vic th lc s tch t
li
109
Cac bien phap cai thien ieu kien vi kh

hau: Nhit
Khi nhit mi trng lm vic cao, nn:
C nhng khong thi gian gii lao thch hp :
i vi nhng cng vic tng i nng nhc nht
thit
phi c ti
thiu
l 50% thi gian gii lao.
Khu vc gii lao xa ni lm vic hng mt.
Cung cp y nc ung sch v mt: ung
nc thng xuyn v mi ln ch nn ung mt t.
Gi o qun sch s.
Trnh nh mt
tri chiu trc
tipp ln c th.
Trnh nhng vn ng nhanh mnh t ngt
khngg cn thit.
110

Nhit
Khi nhit mi trng lm vic cao, nn:
C thit b lu thng khng kh trong cabin iu
khin my mc.
Trnh mc nhng qun o cht, nhng qun o
lm b hi hoc b m hi nh vt liu cht do.
i m bo h.
Ungg nc mt thng
g xuyn
y b p
p vo s
tht thot m hi.

Thm mui vo thc
pphm,, nc ungg hoc
n
nhng thc phm c mui t nhin.
Nn ngh
g gii
g lao nhng
g ni rm mt.
111

Nhit
Nu thy nc tiu thi ra t hn bnh thng v
c mu m hay sm, c ngha l bn
ung khng nc b p s lng
mt i do ra m hi
112

m - Bc x nhit
Khi nhit khng kh trn 30oC th s ta nhit
xy
ra ch
h yu
l do
d bc
b hi
h i m
hi
hi. Lng nhit
hi b
bc
hi ph thuc vo nhit , m mi trng v tc
lu chuyn khng kh.
kh
S iu ha nhit ca c th s b ph hy khi
nhit khng kh hn 30oC v m khng kh
hn 85%. Khi lm vic nng nhc trong iu kin
nhit v m cao c th gy ng nhit (cm
nhit) gy kinh git.
Cn ch ci thin iu kin lm vic khi phi
lm vic nng nhc ngoi tri nng nng, nhng
ni c nhiu tia bc x nhit

113
nh hng ca chiu sng n an ton v v

sinh lao ng nh th no?
- Chiu sngg khngg lm ngi
g
lao ng
g pphi nhn cng
g thng
g
thng xuyn gy mt mi, chm phn x, gim th lc t
tng nguy c tai nn lao ng.
- nh
h sng
chi
hi l
la cng
lm
l nh
h hng
h n
ngi
i lao
l ng
tng t nh nh sng khng .

- Nn hn ch tia t ngoi hay tia hng ngoi c bc sng trn
1.2 (micron) v c th gy c thy tinh th.
114
An toan p
phong xa
Ch
Chng ta c
th
h gp
mt
s cng
tc
c s
dng
d
n
cht
h
phng x nh dng tia gamma kim tra cc ng hn
thp
p
Phng x gy tc hi n c th ngi lao ng di dng:
gy nhim c cp tnh hoc mn tnh; ri lon chc nng ca
thn
h ki
kinhh trung ng, nii phng
h x chiu
hi vo
b b
bng hhoc
rp , c quan to mu b tn thng gy thiu mu, v sinh

hoc
oc sinh
s
qui thai,, uung
qu
g th,
, t
vo
vong.
g.
Ch nhng ngi c o to lm nhng cng vic c s
dng cht phng x mi c php lm nhng cng vic
.
115
An toan p
phong xa
Khi lm nhng
g vic
c s dng
g cht pphng
g x,
,
cn tun theo cc quy nh an ton nghim
ngt i vi cng vic.
vic
Ch s dng cc cht phng x khi c s cho
php
h ca cc c quan chc
h nng.
Bo qun cht phng x k lng, trnh b mt
cp.
Phi s
ddng cc
phng
h
tin
ti bo
b v c nhn
h
cn thit cho cng vic s dng cht phng x.
116
1.8.
1
8 CC BIN PHP NHM CI
IU KIN
LAO NG,
THIN
PHNG CHNG TAI NN LAO
NG V BO V SC KHE
NGI LAO NG
117
A- Cc bin php k thut an ton lao

ng
1. Thit
b che chn
* Mc ch che chn
- Cch ly vng nguy him
v ngi lao ng;
- Ngn nga ngi lao ng ri, tt, ng hoc vt ri, vng
b vo
bn
ngi
i llao
ng.
Ty thuc vo yu cu che chn m cu to ca thit b
che chn n gin hay phc tp v c ch to bi
cc loi vt liu khc nhau.
118

ng
1. Thit
b che chn
* Cc loi thit b che chn

- Che chn
tm thi hay di chuyn
c nh che chn

sn thao tc trong xy dng;
- Che
Ch chn
h c

nh
h nh
h b
bao che
h ca
cc
b phn
h chuyn
h
ng.
119

ng
1. Thit
b che chn
* Mt s yu cu i vi thit b che chn

- Ngn nga c tc ng xu
do b phn ca thit
b
sn xut gy ra;
- Khng
Kh gy
ttr
ngii cho
h th
thao t
tc ca
ngi
i llao
ng;
- Khng nh hng n nng sut lao ng, cng sut ca
thit b;
- D dng tho lp, sa cha khi cn thit.
120

ng
2. Thit
b bo him
hay thit
b phng nga
* Mc ch
Loi tr hoc ngn chn nguy c s c
hoc tai nn khi
thng s hot ng ca i tng phng nga vt qu
gii hn quy nh
nh. S c gy ra c th do: qu ti
ti, b
phn chuyn ng chuyn ng qu v tr gii hn,
t cao hoc
oc tthp
p qu, c
cng
g d
dng
g
in
cao
nhit
qu... Khi thit b bo him t ng dng hot ng
ca my, thit b hoc b phn ca my.
121

ng
2. Thit
b bo him
hay thit
b phng nga
* Thit b bo him c cu to, cng dng rt khc nhau
t th
tu
thuc
vo
i ttng phng
h nga
v
qu
ttrnh
h cng
ngh. Thit b bo him ch bo m lm vic tt khi

c tnh ton thit k,
k ch to chnh xc v tun th
cc quy nh v k thut an ton trong s dng.
122

ng
2. Thit
b bo him
hay thit
b phng nga
* Phn loi thit b bo him theo kh nng phc hi li s
l vic
lm
i ca
thit b.
b
- H thng c th t phc hi li kh nng lm vic khi i
tng phng nga tr li di gii hn quy nh nh
nh-::
van an ton kiu ti trng, r le nhit...
- H thng phc hi li kh nng lm vic bng tay nh:
trc vt ri trn my tin...
- H thng phc hi li kh nng lm vic bng cch thay
th mi nh: cu tr, cht cm...
123

ng
3. Tn hiu, bo hiu
* Mc ch
- Nhc
nh cho ngi lao ng kp thi trnh nguy him
- Hng dn thao tc
- Nhn bit
qui nh v
k thut v k thut an ton qua
du hiu qui c v mu sc, hnh v.
124

ng
3. Tn hiu, bo hiu
* Phn loi bo hiu, tn hiu
- S dng mu sc,
nh sng: thng dng ba mu: mu
, vng, mu xanh;
- m
thanh:
th h ti
ting ci,
i chung,
h
k
kng;
- K hiu: hnh v, bng ch;
- ng
h,
dng c o lng:
o cng
,
in

p
dng in, o p sut, kh c, nh sng, nhit , o
bc x,
x v.v...
vv
125

ng
3. Tn hiu, bo hiu
* Mt s yu cu i vi tn hiu, bo hiu
- D
nhn bit.
- Kh nng nhm ln thp, chnh xc cao.

- D thc hin, ph hp vi tp qun, c s khoa hc k
thut v yu cu ca tiu chun ho.
126

ng
4. Khong cch an ton
* Khong cch an ton l khong khng gian nh nht gia
ngi
i llao
ng v
cc
lloii phng
h
ti
tin, thit b,
b h
hoc
khong cch nh nht gia chng vi nhau khng b

tc ng xu ca cc yu t sn xut nh: Khong cch
cho php gia ng dy in trn ti ngi, khong
cch an ton khi n mn...
Ty thuc vo qu trnh cng ngh, c im ca tng
loi thit b....m quy nh cc khong cch an ton khc
nhau. Vic xc nh khong cch an ton rt
cn
chnh
xc, i hi phi tnh ton c th.
127

ng
4. Khong cch an ton
- Khong cch an ton - v sinh lao ng: Ty theo c s
sn
xut
t m
phi
hi b
bo
m mt
t khong
kh cch
h an tton
gia c s v khu dn c- xung quanh.

* Khong cch an ton trong mt s ngnh ngh:
- Lm nghip: khong cch trong cht h cy, ko g;
- Xy dng: khong cch trong o t
t, khai thc ;
- C kh: khong cch gia cc my, gia cc b phn nh
ra ca my
my, gia cc b phn chuyn ng ca my vi
cc phn c nh ca my, ca nh xng, cng trnh;
128

ng
4. Khong cch an ton
Khong cch an ton trong mt s ngnh ngh:
- in: Cc khong cch t ng dy in ng vi
cc cp in p ti cc cng trnh;
- Khong
Kh cch
h an tton
v
chy
h n;
* Khong cch an ton v phng x;
129

ng
5. C cu
iu
khin,
phanh hm, iu
khin
t xa
* C cu iu khin: c th l cc nt m my, ng my,
h th
thng ttay gt,
t v
l
lng i
iu khi
khin i
iu khi
khin th
theo
mun ng-i lao ng;
Phanh hm: iu khin vn tc chuyn ng ca
phng tin, b phn theo mun ca ngi lao ng.
C loi
o phanh
p a c, phanh
p a
in,
,p
phanh
a t
t. Ty
y ttheo
eo yu
cu c th m tc ng ca phanh hm c th l tc
thi hay t t. Ngoi h thng phanh hm chnh thng
km theo h thng
phanh hm d phng.
130

ng
5. C cu
iu
khin,
phanh hm, iu
khin
t xa
* Kho lin ng: loi c cu nhm t ng loi tr kh nng
gy
ra ttaii nn llao
ng khi ngi
i llao
ng vii phm
h
quy
trnh trong vn hnh, thao tc nh: ng b phn bao che
ri mi -c
c m my.
my Kho lin ng c th di cc
hnh thc lin ng khc nhau: c kh, kh nn, thu lc,
in, t bo quang in....
* iu khin t xa: Ngi lao ng ngoi vng nguy him
iu khin sn xut nh iu khin t phng iu khin
trung tm. Ngoi cc ng
h
o
ch r cc thng s
k thut cn thit cho qu trnh iu khin sn xut, iu

khin t xa cn dng cc thit b nghe nhn
nhn.
131
1.9. Nhng kin thc c bn v

k thut an ton lao ng, v
sinh lao ng
132
am
a
m bao
bao an toan
toan khi s
s du
dung
ng
cac loai dng
g c
chay ien
cam tay (DCCT)
133
Nhng van e g cn quan tam e am bao an toan khi

g c
chay ien cam tayy ((DCCT)?
)
s dung cac loai dng
1. Nhng cng nhn hi cc iu kin sau mi c
s dng
d g DCCT.
C C .
C tui trong tui lao ng do Nh nc quy nh.
qua khm tuyn
y sc khe bi c quan
q
y t.
q
c o to chuyn mn ph hp, c hun luyn
BHL v c cc chng ch km theo.
2. Khi lm vic phi s dng ng, cc phng tin bo
v chuyn nghip (PTBVCN) gm :
m vi,
i
o qun vi dy,
bao
b tay vi,
i
giy vi
134

g c
)
s dung cac loai dng
3. Phi ct gi DCCT trong cc t ngh ring v vic
ki tra chng
kim
h phi
hi c giao
i cho
h cc
Chuyn
Ch vin
i
(thng l cc th lp rp in). Chu k kim tra khng t
hn mt ln mi thng,
thng khng k kim tra t xut do cc
l do khc nh hng hc, va nhn li t ngi khc.
qu kim tra phi
p ghi
g vo s,, cn trn v dng
g c th
Kt q
ghi ngy, thng, k kim
tra nh k tip
theo
135

s dung cac loai dng c chay ien cam tay (DCCT)?
4. Trc lc cp
pht cn
kim
tra trn gi th bng
megomtre trc mt ngi nhn xc nh

hon ho ca n (khng chm v...) nghim cm
s
dng nhng DCCT b h v chng phi uc thu
hi
ngay a i sa cha.
5. Trc lc bt u lm vic phi kim tra tnh trngg
cc vt kp chc cc chi tit, nt, hon ho ca
truyn ng (bng cch quay trc chnh), ca v cch
in, li dy in khng c vt gy, s hon ho ca
ci ngt in v ni t.
136

s du
s
dung
ng cac
cac loa
loaii dng c cha
chayy ien cam
cam tay (DCCT)?
6. Khi angg lm vic
nu thyy h hngg d rt nh nhng
g
cm nhn c tc dng yu ca dng in th phi
g g ngay
g y cngg vic
a chng
g i kim
tc khc ngng
tra sa cha.
Cm giao DCCT cho ngi khng c trch nhim
s dng d ch trong chc lt.
137

s du
s
dung
ng cac
cac loa
loaii dng c cha
chayy ien cam
cam tay (DCCT)?
7. Ch cho p
php
p s dng
g DCCT vi in
p
p khng
g qqu
36 vn, 24 vn, 12 vn ti ni lm vic c cp nguy
bit
v in.
Ti
nhngg ni khngg
him t cao n c
thuc cc cp nguy him th cho php s dng
p
p 110 v 220 vn nhngg nht thit
DCCT c in
phi c gng tay, giy v thm cch in.
138

8 Lm
8.
L vic
i vi
i DCCT c i
in p ngun
ddi
i 36 vn
bn trong cc kt cu bng kim loi (thng, b, l,

ng ) u phi s dng gng tay v thm cch in
ng...)
in.
Nghim cm s dng DCCT c cch in hai lp
vi k hiu v l ,
c in p trn 36 vn lm
vic nhng ni c bit nguy him. Ngoi tr
p ,, cc DCCT khng
g cn pphi c tip
p
trngg hp
t. Cp in cho DCCT phi thc hin bng dy
mm c li tip t v lin kt bng phch cm. S
tip
t
c thc hin bng
u
cm
c chiu
di di
hn u ni vi cc pha.
139

9. Khi DCCT ang lm vic nghim cm
cc trng hp sau:
Dng tay cm vo u cng tc, u ct ca n.
Lp hay tho u cng tc trc khi ngng hon ton chuyn
ng quay.
Dng tay thu dn phoi vng di u mi khoan ang
quay.
Lm vic trn cao vi thang di ng (thay v phi lm trn
cc gin gio vng chc c lan can ho v).
Tho lp v bo v bao che phn ct ca n.
Lm vic ngoi tri di ma.
140

g c
)
s dung cac loai dng
9. Khi DCCT ang lm vic nghim cm cc trng
hp sau :
Tho lp v bo v bao che phn ct ca n.
Lm vic ngoi tri di ma
dy dn in tip xc vi cp in c b mt nng,
nng
m hay dnh du.
Khng c mang cc my bin p di ng v b bin
i tn s vo bn trong cc phn hnh trng ca l hi,
cc bnh bng kim loi v trong cc v tr c bit nguy
him v in.
141

g c
)
s dung cac loai dng
10. Khi ngng lm vic d ch trong chc lt, khi b cp
i t xut
in
hay
h kt
k thc
h cng vic
i nht
h thit
hi phi
ngt DCCT khi li loi b hon ton in p.
Tii nhng
h
v tr nguy him
hi v i
in khi ch
h c mt
ngi s dng DCCT lm vic th nhng ngi
kh cn
khc
sn
sng
cp
cu.
Nn
t chc
h lm
l vic
i
thnh tng nhm c t hai ngi tr ln.
11. Kt thc cng vic phi ct DCCT vo ni quy
nh. Thu dn trt t ngn np sch s ni lm vic
trc khi ra v.
142
An toan oi vi th han ien
143
An toan oi vi th han ien can phai tuan theo

nhng quy nh g?
1 Ch nhng
1.
h ngi
i hi cc
i
iu ki
kin sau
y mi
i
c
lm vic hn in :
g do Nh nc qui
q nh.
Trongg tui lao ng

qua khm tuyn sc khe bi c quan y t.
c o to ngh hn in, v c chng ch km theo, qua
hun luyn v BHL v c cp th an ton v c cp trn
giao nhim v.
S dng ng v cc PTBVCN c cp pht theo ch :
o qun
vi bt, gng tay chu nhit v c dn
in thp,
giy da ln cao c c cch in, ght vi bt, mt n hn c

gn knh hn ngg m hiu v khng
g
g b nt, trong
g nhng
g
trng hp cn
thit
cn c cp
m cng, dy ai an ton,
khu trang.
144

nhng quy nh g?
nhng
2. Trong thi gian hn in, cc phn bng kim loi ca
thit
hi b hn
h in
i (v
( my
bin
bi th
h hn,
h my
pht
h in
i
hn, ...) trong iu kin bnh thng khng c c
in p
p. V my hn,
hn gi hn,
hn cc chi tit v kt cu
hn phi c ni t trc khi thit b c ni vo
ngun.
3. My pht in v bin
th hn, cng nh cc dng c v
thit b ph tng d hn cc chi tit ngoi tri c t
trong phng nh hay di mi che.
che Cm tin hnh cng
vic hn in ngoi tri di ma.
145

nhng quy nh g?
nhng
2. Trong thi gian hn in, cc phn bng kim loi ca
thit
hi b hn
h in
i (v
( my
bin
bi th
h hn,
h my
pht
h in
i
hn, ...) trong iu kin bnh thng khng c c in
p V my hn,
p.
hn gi hn,
hn cc chi tit v kt cu hn phi
c ni t trc khi thit b c ni vo ngun.
y ppht in
v bin th hn,, cng
g nh cc dng
g c
v
3. My
thit
b ph tng d hn cc chi tit
ngoi tri c t
trong phng nh hay di mi che. Cm tin hnh cng
vic hn in ngoi tri di ma.
ma
in p khng ti ca my bin th hn h quang bng
tay v na t ng khng c vt qu 75 vn,
vn hn t
ng khng c vt qu 80 vn. in p ca my
pht in hn khng c qu 80 vn. Nu mt s my
bi th hn
bin
h hoc
h my
pht
ht in
i phc
h v cho
h mt
t my
Bin son
ging:
TS. mc
Lu Trng
Vn,ca
i hc
M TP.HCM
hn h quang
th& s
in
chng
phi m 146
bo in p mch hn khng vt qu gii hn trn.

nhng quy nh g?
4 Chi
4.
Chiu di dy
d t
ngun
i
in
n thit
hi b hn
h di dng
d khng
kh
c vt qu 10m. Lp v bc cch in ca dy phi dc
bo v khi cc h hng
g c hc
khi ri trn mt
t. Cm dng
g
dy c lp v bc hay cch in b h.
Trc lc bt u hn in v trong thi gian lm vic phi
theo
h di hhon
ho
h ca
v cch
h in
i ca
dy
d dn,
d cch
h
in v cch nhit ca cn km hn, s lin kt chc chn ca
tt cc cc
c c tip
p im.
. Phi ch
c khng
g cchoo dy
d y dn
d tip
p xc
c
vi nc du, dy cp thp, dy in hn phi t cch cc ng
mm dn xy v axtylen, cc thit b c ngn la, kh t, cc
chi tit hn nng v cc ng ng dn nc nng khng
di 1 mt.
147

nhng quy nh g?
5 Khng
5.
Kh cho
h php
h cp
i
in trc tip
i cho
h h quang hn
h
t mng in lc, mng in chiu sng, mng in
tip xc
xc.
Vic ni ngt thit b hn in khi li, vic thay
cu ch cng nh vic theo di trng thi hon ho
ca chng trong qu trnh s dng phi c tin
hnh bi th in chuyn nghip.
nghip Nghim cm nhng
ngi th hn lm cc cng vic .
Khi di chuyn thit b hn nht thit phi ct chng
khi ngun in.
148

nhng quy nh g?
6. Dy dn
in i v v trong my bin
th hn di ng
u phi c bc cch in.
Nghim cm dng cc mch ni t, cc b phn ca
g k
thut v sinh (ng
( g dn
thit b in, cc ngg ng
nc, cp nhit, dn cc cht kh v cht lng nng)
cngg nh cc kt cu kim loi ca nh v ca thit b
cng ngh lm dy dn v. Cho php dng v x lan,
b cha, cc kt cu kim loi, cc ng dn lm dy
dn v nu chng l i tng hn.
149

nhng quy nh g?
7. Km in phi c tay cm
lm bng
vt liu
cch in,
, cch nhit
cho php
p p thay
y th in
cc nhanh m khng phi tip xc vi cc

phn mang in.
in
Nghim cm dng km in m lp v bc
cch in ca tay cm
b h.
Cnh ch hn phi c gi t km hn: Cm
t km hn xung t hoc gc ln vt hn.
150

nhng quy nh g?
8 Khi tin
8.
i hnh
h h hn
h trong iu
i kin
ki nguy him
hi cao bi dng
d in
i
(hn bn trong cc khoang tu thy, cc thng cha, thn l
hi,, cc hp
p kim loi
...)) ngi
g
th
pphi c
cp
p ppht cc
phng tin bo v cch in (gng tay, ng v thm) v phi
c s theo di gim st ca mt ngi th hai t bn ngoi.
(Trong mt s trng hp c bit tay ngi gim st gi u
mt ca dy cho buc vo eo ca ngi ang hn bn trong
khng gian kn v vic thng tin gia hai ngi phi c
qui c bng
cc ng tc git dy nh sn
trong tnh trng
khn cp).
Nghim cm vic ng thi thc hin cng vic bi ngi th
hn in v th hn hi (hay ct) trong cc thng kn.
151

nhng quy nh g?
9. Thit
b hn phi c kha lin ng t ng
ni mch
khi chm
qque hn v c b
phn
p
khng ch h in p xung 12 vn khi khng
ti nhng khng c chm qu 1 giy sau khi
ngt mch in hn khi hn nhng ch nguy
him.
hi
152

nhng quy nh g?
10. Khi ti
10
tin hnh
h h hn
h in
i trn
t gin
i gio
i bng
b g,
sn
ca
n
phi c ph kn bng tm kim loi, cctng hay bng nhng
vt liu kh chy khc. Khng cho php hn in nu cha
t i khai
trin
kh i bin
bi php
h phng
h chng
h chy.
h
11. Khi tin hnh hn in trn mt s tng nh (theo chiu thng
g) pphi c bin
php
p p bo v nhngg ngi
g
lm vic
tngg
ng)
di khi b cc git kim loi , cc mu
que hn chy d vng
hoc ri trng vo ngi hay cc vt d chy pha di.
Nu lm vic trn cao m khng c gin gio ngi th hn
nht thit phi dng dy ai an ton bn nhit, c ti ng
dng c, in cc v cc vt chy d.
l2 Khi ti
l2.
tin hnh
h h hn
h in
i trong
t
cc
v tr
t m
t
t ngi
i th
th hn
h
phi trn sn kh hay sn c ph tm cch in.
153

nhng quy nh g?
13 phng nhim bnh v tn thng ng h hp do thng xuyn
13.
n ht
phi hi khi hn, ti v tr hn phi t chc thng gi (ht, cp) cc b v
chung. Hn trong cc thng kn phi :
Cp pht cho th hn mt n phng c c dy mm dn khng kh
kh.
T chc gii lao ra ngoi ht th khng kh trong lnh.
14. Nghim cm hn cc bnh v thit b tng cha cc sn phm du v kh
nguy him n nu cha qua lm sch (xt ra) cn thn bng nc nng
nng,
bng dung dch st (kim) hay chng hp vi s thng gi tip theo.
15. Nghim cm s dng v bo qun cc cht d bt la: xng, axton, cn
trng,
g, ...)) ggn v tr hn.
Nghim cm tin hnh hn khong cch di 5m so vi v tr cc cht
d chy n.
154

nhng quy nh g?
16 Khi s dng
16.
d ng ng thi cc ngun
ng n in hn mt trm cn phi t chng
cch nhau khng di 0,35m.
ng i gia cc ngun in mt trm phi c chiu rng 0,8m.
Khi t cc ngun cp mt trm gn tng th khong cch gia ngun v
tng khng c nh hn 0,5m.
17. Khi gii lao ngi th hn phi ngt b i in hn hay bin th khi li
in.
in
Nghim cm qun km hn khi vn cn in p.
18. Khi kt thc cng vic, sau khi ngt in khi thit b hn phi sp xp
ngn np ch lm vic,
vic thu dn dy
dy, cc dng c bo v v xp t cn
thn chng vo v tr ring, phi tin chc rng sau khi lm vic khng cn
li cc vt chy m nh: gi, mnh g, vt liu cch in ...
155
An toan oi vi th ien can phai tuan theo

nhng quy nh g?
1 Nhng
1.
Nh aii hi cc
i
iu ki
kin sau
c l
lm cng
vic
i th
th
in:
Trong tui lao ng do Nh nc qui nh.
nh
C chng ch sc khe do y t cp.
C chng ch v chuyn mn, c hun luyn BHL v
c cp th an ton.
S dng ng v cc PTBVCN, c bit cc phng tin
cch in.
c hun luyn v cp cu tai nn in v cha chy thit b
in.
in
2. Th in cho d c trnh tay ngh cao nhng ang trong
g say
y ru,
, mt
mi... u khng
g c
pphp
p lm vic.
tnh trng
156

nhng quy nh g?
3. Th in phi nm
vng cc s
mch in
ng
g lc,
, mch
in
chiu sng,
g, mch
in
ca
cc thit b cng ngh, cc nt khi ng cu
dao cng tc,
dao,
tc r le
le, khi ng t v.v...
v v thuc
quyn mnh qun l.
Ch c ni
cc thit
b tiu th in vo li
bng
g cc ph
p kin qqui nh, khngg cho ni
bng cch xon cc u dy.
157

nhng quy nh g?
4 Khi tin
4.
i hnh
h h sa
cha
h i
in tii cc
thit
hi b i
in, ng
d
dy....
nht thit phi ct in ti b phn , ng dy ; treo bin
"cm ngg in
- c ngi
g
lm vic".
Nu sa ng
g dyy th
phi treo bin bo hai u dy, th xem cn in p hay
khng sau khi ct in; xem li cht lng tip t hoc t
tip t tm thi vo dy ngn mch nu cha c tip t.
t Vic
xem c in hay khng phi tin hnh bng cc phng tin
qui nh.
Nu v l do no m khng th ct in th phi ro che cc
phn mang in m cng nhn c th chm vo; ng trn gh
cch in v s dng gng tay cch in,
in ng cch in,
in km
cch in tin hnh cng vic.
158

nhng quy nh g?
5 Sau
5.
S khi kt
k thc
h cng
vic
i sa
cha
h in
i phi
hi tho
h
dy ni t tm thi v dy ngn mch, kim tra
s ngi tham gia sa cha mi c ng in tr
li. Nghim cm ng in trc qui nh. Phi tm
mi cch loi tr kh nng ng in tr li bi
nhng ngi khc khi cha kt thc cng vic sa
cha in.
6. Ti nhng ni c nguy him in phi t cc bin
bo pphngg c
qqui nh
bi ngnh
g
in
lu
mi ngi cnh gic. Bin bo phi r c chiu
sng y
159

nhng quy nh g?
7 Phi tun
7.
th
h nghim
hi ngt
cc
bin
bi php
h phng
h trnh
h va chm
h
vo cc phn mang in:
Bo m cht lng bc cch in hay tng cng cch in
hai lp.
Che chn pphn mang
g in h.
Gi khong cch an ton qui nh.
H in p (12V, 24V, 36V) ty theo mc nguy him in
ti ni lm vic (m
t, c bi dn
in ...)
Ct in t ng vi nhy v tin cy cao.
Tip
Ti t v my,
tip
ti t dy
d trung
t
tnh
t h lp
l li
l i (k c thit b
c nh v di ng)
160

nhng quy nh g?
8 Phi t
8.
cc
bng
b phn
h phi
hi in,
i thit
hi b khi ng,
cu dao ni kh ro, thun tin cho thao tc v x

l s c khi cn thit; v kim loi bao che chng phi
c ni t bo v, phi ghi r in p s dng v
kha li chc chn.
chn Nu ti khu vc thuc quyn qun
l c nhiu cu dao th phi nh s th t trnh
nhm ln.
Cu dao vi in p nh mc 380 V tr ln phi c
p bo v.
hp
Cu dao vi in p nh mc 500 V tr ln phi c
g truyn
y ng
g c kh ng
g ct ggin tip.
p
h thng
161

nhng quy nh g?
9. Phi thng xuyn kim
tra chc
chn
cc
mi ni ca cu dao v g
gi sch
chng
g
phng phng tia la in.
M ng cu dao phi tin hnh dt khot,
M,
khot
mnh m cu dao tip xc tt c ba pha. Khi
mt
in phi lp tc nh cc cu
dao.
Phi thay ngay cc dy chy sai qui cch bng
loi ng qui cch.
162

nhng quy nh g?
10. Khi ni
10
i dy
d vi
i nhau
h phi
hi co sch,
h vn
xon
cht
ht hoc
h hn.
h
Khi i dy phi s dng s cch in ng qui cch.
khi ng
g dyy dn pphi lp
p tc
Khi tho cc thit b in
bng kn li khng c cc u
dy, u
cp h.
11. Lm vic vi in p cao v ti cc ni c mc nguy him
in cao phi lun lun c hai ngi cng lm v phi c
ngi gim st l ngi c bc th cao hn. Ngi thc hin
cng vic phi c cch in chc chn v ch c php
thc hin ng nhng ni dung ghi trong phiu thao tc.
tc
12. Lm vic trn cao (thang, sn lm vic ...) phi c dy ai an
ton. Cc phng tin bo v c nhn cch in phi t ni
d th
thy, d ly,
l phi
hi c
gi
i gn
schh s nii kh ro
thong
th
mt v phi chu s kim tra nh k, kim tra khi cp pht v
kim tra trc mi ca lm vic.
163

nhng quy nh g?
13 Cc dng
13.
d ng c
c in cm tay
ta phi c kim tra t nht 3 thng mt ln v
hin tng chm mt trn v my, v tnh trng ca dy tip t bo v.
14. Th in phi nm vng cch gii phng ngi b nn khi in p bng
mt trong cc cch sau:
Cp cu dao.
S dng ru cn kh khng dn in cht t dy in.
S dng so c cn kh khng dn in gt dy ra khi nn nhn.
nhn
S dng cc phng tin bo v c nhn cch in cu nn nhn.
Nm vo o qun nn nhn ti nhng v tr kh ro, khng c m hi ... (v
d c o) ko nn nhn.
nhn
Trong khi hnh ng, phi tm cch tng cch in bng cch ng
trn cc gh g, bc g kh .v.v...
Sau khi gii phng nn nhn khi in p,

p phi tin hnh ngay cc bin
php cp cu mt cch lin tc cho n khi bc s ti bao gm h hi thi
ngt v xoa bp tim ngoi lng ngc.
164
Quy nh an toan oi vi th boc

xep thu cong?
1 Ch nhng
1.
h ngi
i hi cc
i
iu ki
kin sau
y mi
i
c
lm cng vic bc xp th cng (bng tay) :
Trong tui lao ng do Nh nc qui nh.
nh
qua khm tuyn sc khe bi c quan y t.
c o to chuyn mn v bc xp th cng, hun luyn v
BHL v c chng ch km theo. S dng ng v cc
phng tin bo v c nhn c cp pht theo ch .
2. Ch thc hin vic bc
xp
bng
tay khi khng c kh nng
thc hin vic bc xp bng c gii v phi chun b sn cc
cng c cn thit cho vic (dy, n by, n khing, ...)
165

xep thu cong?
5 Phi xem
5.
em xt
t chn li i li hp l trong khi di chuyn
ch n kin hng
khng va qut vo cc khi hng khc, vi cc vt cn v ngi xung
quanh.
6 Trnh t nhc vt nng (kin hng) c thc hin nh sau :
6.
t hai chn cho vng, mt chn trc chn kia mt cht to th
thoi mi, hai chn giang ra va to thng bng.
Tin st ti vt nng cng gn cng tt,
tt khuu chn khong 90o
90o, co mnh
mnh,
khng ngi chm hm (ng chm hm s mt sc v ch). Phi nh rng
lc nng ch yu da vo c bp ca chn.
Gi lngg cng
g thng
g cngg tt. C th kh ggi lng
g tht
thngg nhngg khngg
cho php lng cong vng.
Bm tht cht vo vt trong khi nhc v khing. Trc khi i v tr bm
phi t vt nng xung.
Dui thng
chn khing vt nng cng mt lc vi dui thng
lng.
Phi bo m vt nng khng che khut tm nhn khi khing. Qu trnh
vt nng xung c thc hin ngc vi ng tc nhc ln.
166

xep thu cong?
7 Khi khi
7.
khing vt
nng
trn
vaii phi
hi ch
h thc
h hin
hi bng
b nhiu
hi
bc:
Thot tin phi tm ch t vt nng cao hn mt sn ngang
tm eo (v d: t ln bn gh.v.v...) bng cch chng
cnh bn (gh...). Sau dng tay v mnh y v pha trc
chng
h khng
kh b rii khi bn
b (gh).
( h)
Dui thng u gi ko vt nng t vo bng ri a ln vai.
C th nh
h ngi
i th hai
h i ph
h a
kin
ki hng
h l
ln vai.
i
Khng c xoay ngi nhc vt nng bn cnh hay pha sau
trnh lm vn ct sng gy chn thng lng.
167
168
1.10. Cch x l tnh hung v

cc phng php s cu ngi
b nn khi c tai nn, s c
169
Khai bo v tai nn lao ng: quy nh ca Nh

nc, yu cu ca cng tc khai bo?
Theo B Lut
Th
L Lao
L ng,
N h nh
Ngh
h 06/1995/N
06/1995/N-CP
CP
ngy 20/1/1995:
Ngi
N i s
dng
d
l ng
lao
phi
hi kp
k thi s cu,
cp
cu ti ch ngi b tai nn lao ng, sau phi

chuyn ngay n c s y t;
Trng hp xy ra tai nn lao ng cht ngi hoc
lm nhiu b thng nng th phi gi nguyn hin
trng ni xy ra tai nn lao ng v bo ngay vi
c quan Thanh tra Nh nc v an ton lao ng v c
quan Cng an a phng
170
Khai bo v tai nn lao ng: quy nh ca Nh

nc, yu cu ca cng tc khai bo?
Theo B Lut
Th
L t Lao
L ng,
N h nh
Ngh
h 06/1995/N
06/1995/N-CP
CP ngy
20/1/1995:
Khi xy ra tai nn lao ng,
ng ngi s dng lao ng phi t
chc vic iu tra, lp bin bn, c s tham gia ca i din
Ban Chp hnh Cng on c s.
Bin bn phi ghi y din bin ca v tai nn, thng
tch nn nhn, mc thit hi, nguyn nhn xy ra, quy
trch nhim xy ra tai nn
nn, c ch k ca ngi s dng
lao ng v i din Ban Chp hnh Cng on c s.
g cc trngg hp
p b bnh
ngh
g
Tt c cc v tai nan lao ng,
nghip u phi c khai bo, thng k v bo co theo quy
nh ca B Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi v B Y t.
171
Khai bo v tai nn lao ng: quy nh ca

Nh nc, yu cu ca cng tc khai bo?
cng tc iu
tra t kt
qu tt
cn
phi
m bo cc y
yu cu sau:
Khn trng, kp thi: iu tra ngay sau khi tai nn
xy ra, hin trng cn gi nguyn.
Bo m tnh khch quan: tn trng s tht, khng
bao che, suy din
C th, chnh xc: xem xt ton din, cn

thn khng qua loa
thn,
loa, i khi
172
Cch x l tnh hung khi c

in
git
g
173
Khi b in git, nn nhn c th sng hay cht l do

s cu c c kp thi ng phng php hay
khng.
Nhiu cuc th nghim v thc t chng minh rng: t
lc b in git n 1 pht sau cu cha ngay th
90% trng hp cu sng c, 6 pht sau mi
s
cu,
ch
h c th cu
sng

c
10%
10%, nu
10
pht sau mi s cp cu th rt t trng hp c th
cu c
Vit Nam c trng hp nn nhn c cu sng
sau 6h lin cp cu, cn trn th gii c trng hp
cu sng
c sau 8h cp
cu hoc lu hn na
khi c tai nn in, lc nn nhn tt th, tim
ngng p cng khng c php xem nn nhn
cht, m phi khn trng t chc cp cu ngay
174
TCH NN NHN RA KHI NGUN IN

s cu
c
hi
hiu qu th
h i
iu quan trng l nhanh
h h
chng tch nn nhn ra khi ngun in, sau tin
hnh s cu khn trng
trng, ng phng php v phi
tht kin tr.
Nhanh chng tch nn nhn ra khi ngun in:
y l cng vic c tnh cht quyt nh trong vic s cu.
V thi gian dng in qua ngi cng lu th mc nguy
him cng tng v cng kh cu cha hn.
Vic tch nn nhn ra khi ngun in phi tu theo tng
trng hp c th m thc hin vi tinh thn
nhanh chng
nht
175

Nu nn
nhn chm
vo mng
g h
p:
p
Ct cu dao in nu cu dao gn
Dng vt cch in nh thanh tre
tre, g kh gt nn
nhn ra khi ngun in hoc gt dy in ra khi
ngi nn nhn
Nu nn nhn nm cht vo dy in th phi ng
trn
g
kh b xc
nn nhn
h ra khi ngun
in
i
Nm o, qun nn nhn ko nn nhn (khng
chm vo ngi nn nhn)
Ct dyy in
bng
g ru,, dao,, cn g
g
176

Nu nn nhn chm vo mng h p:
Cn linh hot x tr trn nguyn tc:
Cu ngi phi cch ly vi nn nhn bng
cc vt
cch in hoc
nu khng cch ly vi nn nhn th phi cch ly
bn thn mnh vi vt dn in khc, hoc l
nhanh chng bng mi cch ct ngun in
177

Nu nn
nhn chm
vo in
cao p
p th pphi dng
g
ng cch in v gng tay cch in, nhanh chng ct
g
in
hoc
dng
g so cch in
m cu.
ngun
Nu nn nhn chm in ngoi tri, ni khng th
nhanh chng tch nn nhn khi ngun in th phi
nm dy tip t vo dy in on trc ngi b
nn v pha ngun.
ngun Tuy nhin phi ht sc thn
trng khi tin hnh bin php ny. Nu nn nhn
trn cao cn b tr nh th no nn nhn khng b
thng vong khi ri xung t
178
CC PHNG PHP S CU
Trng hp 1: Bt tnh cn th
1. Lay gi kim
tra mc p ng ca nn
nhn
179
CC PHNG PHP S CU
Trng hp 1: Bt tnh cn th
y g
gi kim tra mc
p
p ng
g ca nn
nhn
1. Lay
2. u nn nhn nga ti a, lun gi ng th thng, trnh
tt li.
3. Kim
tra ng th v nhp th ca nn nhn bng
cch gh
tai ca mnh vo ming hoc mi ca nn nhn xem cn th
khng ng thi t tay vo mch c ca nn nhn xem c p
khng, mt nhn xung ngc ca nn nhn xem c php phng
khng.
4. Kim
tra cc tn
thng khc.
5. a nn nhn v t th nm nghing an ton nu nn nhn cn
th v khng c cc tn thng khc.
khc
Ch : Khng a nn nhn v t th hi phc nu nghi ng c
tn thng ct sng
180
181
CC PHNG PHP S CU
Trng hp 2: Bt tnh khng th
1. Lay gi kim
tra mc p ng ca nn
nhn
182
CC PHNG PHP S CU
2. u nn nhn nga ti a,
lun gi ng th thng, trnh
tt li.
3. Kim
tra v lm sch ng th
bng cch:
- Nghing
N hi u
v m
ming
i nn
nhn
- Dng ngn tay ch kim tra v ly
d vt trong ming (nu c)
p th,, mch
ca nn
4. Kim tra nhp

nhn bng cch: nhn - nghe - s
- cm nhn v bt mch
183
CC PHNG PHP S CU
Nu nn
nhn khngg th,, khngg c mch
th tin hnh h hi thi
ngt v p tim ngoi lng ngc nh sau:
Tin hnh p tim ngoi lng ngc kt hp vi h hi thi
ngtt ngay
Cch lm:
- t nn nhn nm nga trn nn phng,
phng cng
- Dng 2 bn tay v lc ca 2 cnh tay p vung gc ln v tr 1/3
di ca on gia hm c trn v hm c di ca nn nhn
vi tn s 30 ln p tim v 2 ln h hi thi ngt ( mt chu k)
- Thc hin 5 chu k lin tc, sau dng li kim tra mch, nhp
th ca nn nhn. Lm lin tc cho n
khi nn nhn c p
ng
184
185
CC PHNG PHP S CU
Ch : Tu tng la tui v th trng ca nn nhn m
p tim
t ngoi
go lng
g ngc
gc vi
v lc
c tng
t g
ng
g ttrnh
tn
t
thng thm cho nn nhn (thng thng p su khong
3 5 cm) .
Khi no dng p tim ngoi lng
ngc v h hi thi
ngt:
- Nn nhn c p ng: c mch v th c
c.
- C s tr gip ca nhn vin y t.
- Hin trng s cu tr nn khng an ton
ton.
- Nn nhn khng c p ng: ton thn lnh, mm nhn,
khng th,
th khng c mch,
mch da tm ti,
ti ng t gin
khng p ng vi nh sng
186
1.11. Cng dng, cch s dng

v bo qun cc phng tin
bo v c nhn
187
PHNG TIN BO V C NHN
188
Cc phng tin bo v (PBC) c nhn khi lao ng

cng trng l g?
1. Phng tin bo v u:
Nhng vt th ri, nhng vt treo l lng

v nhng vt sc nhn c mt khp ni trn
cng trng xy dng
dng. Mt dng c nh,
nh hay
mt chic bu lng, nu ri t cao t 10 n
20m xung
u
ngi khng c bo v c
th g
gyy ra chn thng
g rt nng,
g thm ch dn
ti t vong. Nhng chn thng u thng
xy ra khi lm vic, i li di t
t.
189

cng trng l g?
11. Phng
Ph
ti bo
tin
b v u:
M an ton c th bo v u mt cch hiu qu khi nhng

tai nn ny.
ny Nn i m bo h bt c khi no trn cng
trng, c bit ti nhng khu vc ang c thi cng trn cao.
Nhng khu vc ny- thng c gi l khu vc m cng,
cn
phi
hi c nhng
h tn
hiu
hi an ton
r rng
nhng
h li vo
v nhng v tr cn thit khc. Tt c mi ngi, t nh qun

l,
, c cng
c g v
v khch
c ra vo
v o u phi
p pp dng
d g chung
c u g mt
ni
quy. Ch c s dng nhng m bo h qua kim nh v

c chng nhn t tiu chun quc gia hay quc t. M bo
h phi c quai eo trnh b ri,
ri v i vo bt c lc
no cn thit.
M an ton ch bo v c bn khi bn i n vo.
190
N b
Nn
bo h llao ng
i khi s dng PBC gy kh chu ?!!!

191

cng trng l g?
22. Phng
Ph
tin
i bo
b v chn:
h
Chn thng vng chn bao gm hai kiu chnh:
mt
l do
d dm
d phi
hi i
inhh cha
h c
p bng
b xung
hay nh i, hai l do vt liu ri vo chn. C hai loi

chn thng ny u c th gim c xung mc
thp nht bng cch s dng giy v ng bo h chn.
Kiu giy hay ng bo h c s dng ty thuc
vo bn cht cng vic(chng hn s c mt ca
nc ngm
g trn cngg trng),
g), songg mi
loi
mch
giy, ng an ton nn c chng thng v mi c
tm lt bng st.
192

cng trng l g?
2. Phng tin
bo
v chn:
ggiy,
y, ng
g bo h nh:
C nhiu loi
Giy bo h bng da nh, bng leo tro.
Giy v ng bo h bnh thng dng cho cc
cng vic nng.
ng
lm bng
cao su hoc cht
do chng
li cc cht n mn, ha cht v nc.

C cc kiu giy, ng bo h p ng mi
nhu cu.
193

cng trng l g?
3. Phng tin bo v tay v phng tin bo v tay
v da:
Tay l b phn rt d b chn thng, v cng l
b p
phn chu nhiu chn thng
g nht trn c th
trong cc tai nn v xy dng. Rch, try da, gy tay,
y l nhngg tai nn vn hayy
sai khp, ct tayy v bngg tay
xy ra. Nhng tai nn ny hu ht c th phng trnh
bng cch s dng nhng thit b v k thut lao
ng chn tay tt, dng trang b bo h tay ph hp
nh gng tay hay bao tay di.
194

cng trng l g?
33. Ph
Phng ti
tin b
bo v ttay v
phng
h
ti
tin b
bo v ttay v
d
da:
Nhng cng vic nguy him ph bin nht cn s dng n
trang b bo v tay l:
Nhng cng vic c tip xc vi nhng b mt th, sc hoc lm
chm.
Tip
Ti xc
vi
i cc
cht
h c,
n
mn,
nng
bn
b te
nh
h nha
h ri
i ng

bitum, nha cy.
Khi lm vic vi cc my rung nh my khoan kh nn c phng php
trit rung.
Lm cc cng vic v in trong iu kin thi tit m t hoc lnh.
Nu pht hin thy da c vn ,

hy bo li ngay lp tc cho
c cng.
195
196

cng trng l g?
4. Phng tin bo v mt:
Nhiu chn thngg mt sinh ra trongg cng

g nghip
g p do
nhng vt liu bn phi, do bi hoc bc x trong khi
thc hin nhngg cngg vic sau:
p ph, ct, khoan, o hoc lt , b tng v xy gch
bng tay hay bng cc cng c bng tay.
Bo hoc o nhng b mt c sn hay b n mn.
Cht hay ct t bu lng v inh tn ngui.
Mi kh cc b mt bng my mi in.
Hn v ct kim loi.
197

cng trng l g?
Trongg mt s qu
q trnh cngg nghip
g p cng
g c mt s
mi nguy him nh nhng loi cht lng nng hoc
c tnh n mn b trn, r r hayy bn te.
Mt s mi nguy him trn c th loi tr han
ton bng cch s dng nhng my mc bo v,
thng ht gi v thit k cng vic ph hp. i
vi nhiu mi nguy him khc, chng hn nh cng
vic ct hoc ri th gii php thc t nht l dng
tm knh chn hoc eo knh bo v mt.
198

cng trng l g?
i khi ngi
g
cng
g nhn cngg thc c r mc
nguy him ca cng vic m h ang lm, v hu qu
y ra nu mt h b hng,
g songg h vn khngg eo
xy
trang b bo v mt. Nguyn nhn l kiu knh bo v
y bt tin
c s dngg c th hn ch tm nhn, ggy
khi eo v cng c th l khi cn th li khng c
ngay trong tay.
90% cc chn thng mt c th ngn nga
trc bng phng tin bo v mt ph hp.
199
200

cng trng l g?
5. Phng
5
Ph
tin
i bo
b v h h
hp:
Trn cng trng xy dng thng c nhiu cng
vic
i m c mt
nhng
h loi
l i bi,
b i sng, hay
h cht
h
kh nguy him nh:
Nghin
N
hi v vn
chuyn
h .
ct.
D nhng ta nh trong c cht cch ly aming.
aming
Hn v ct nhng vt liu c ph b mt bng cc cht
cha ch,, km,, nikel v cadmi.
liu
Phun sn.
N mn.
201

cng trng l g?
5. Phng tin bo v h hp:
Bt c khi no nghi ng trong khng kh c

nhng cht c, phi eo mt n phng c
ngay Kiu mt n ph hp ph thuc vo mc
ngay.
nguy him v iu kin lm vic v bn cn
c hng dn
cch s dng, lau chi v bo
qqun. Cn tham kho cch chn loi mt n v
b lc ph hp nhng ngi chu trch
nhim v an ton v v sinh.
sinh
202

cng trng l g?
55. Phng
Ph tin
ti bo
b v h h
hp:
Loi mt n n gin nht l kiu lm bng giy khng phn
y Cn nh rng
g loi
nyy ch c tc dng
g chngg bi.
hy.
Loi dng chng cc cht kh v khi, v d nh khi s
dng sn cha dung mi: c mt b lc cha than hot tnh.
B lc hn hp bao gm c b lc bi v b lc kh: b lc
ca loi ny phi c thay thng xuyn.
Loi mt n che kn mt c th lp nhng b lc nh trn, bo
v c c mt
v khun mt.
Dng sai loi mt n hoc khng ng c s gy nguy him
cho ngi s dng. B lc ch c thi hn s dng nht nh.
Phi tun theo cc ch nh v khng c s dng nhng loi b
lc qu hn.
203

cng
trng
t l g?
?
6. Trang b an ton:
Phn ln s tai nn cht ngi xy ra trong xy
dng l do ng cao. Khi cng vic khng th tin
hnh trn gin gio hay thang dn, hoc trn xe
c sn cng tc ln xung c th mc trang b
an ton l cch duy nht trnh thng vong.
Mt trng hp kh ph bin khc c th phi s
dng trang b an ton, thm ch i khi phi c
li bo him ph tr thm,
thm l cng vic bo
dng trn cc kt cu thp nh cu hoc cc ct
th
thp.
204

cng
trng
t l g?
?
6. Trang b an ton:
C rt
nhiu
hi kiu
ki tht
h lng
l
an ton
v qun
o bo
b h.
h
Nn hi nh sn xut bit r tc dng, cch s dng
v bo qun ca tng loi
loi. Nn s dng c mt b trang
b an ton y hn l ch c mt tht lng an ton.
b
trang
g b an ton v cc dyy tht phi
p tha mn
Mt
cc iu
kin sau:
Hn ch kh nng bn c th b ri t cao trn 2m bng mt
thit b hm.
hm
chc chu c trng lng c th.
c gn vo mt cu trc cng vng qua mt im neo chc
nm pha trn v tr lm vic.
Hy to mt thi quen s dng trang b an ton

205
Cc cng vic nguy him cn c cc phng tin an ton

206
TIN HNH CI THIN IU

KIN LAO NG
TRONG DOANH NGHIP
VA V NH
THEO PHNG PHP WISE
(Xem bi ging ring)
ring)
207
2 Nhng quy nh c th v ATL

2.
ATL, VSL
ti ni lm vic An ton v in
QUY NH V AN TON V SINH LAO NG
CA TNG CNG TY BU CHNH VIN THNG
VIT NAM
(Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 2441/Q-TCCB
ngy 01/8/ 2003 ca Tng Gim c Tng Cng ty
Bu chnh Vin thng Vit Nam)
208
Quy phm an ton trong cng tc lp t thit b

in
v mng
g li in
((trch TCVN 53085308-1991))
b- Lp t mng in
- Trong lc ang ko hoc tho dy,
dy khng c ngi
hoc xe c i qua khu vc ang vt dy, ti ni ny
phi c bin cm
- Tho v lp t ng dy dn in trn khng phi ngt
mch v ni t di ng hai u v khong gia ng
d sao cho khong cch gia cc thit b ni t khng
dy
ln hn 3 km; ch khi no khng c ngi trn u ct
tho thit b ni t di ng
g di s
ggim st
mi c
ca t trng cng tc on ng dy .
- ng dy in, ng cp nng phi c t cao
l hn
ln
h 4,5m, nii c xe qua li
l i phi
h i ln
l hn
h hoc
h
bng
b
6m
209
Quy phm an ton trong cng tc lp t thit b

in
v mng
g li in
((trch TCVN 53085308-1991))
c- Lm vic trm in ang hot ng
- Ch sa
cha
h l
lp rp
cc
thit b in
i trong
t
trm
t
ang
hot ng khi c phiu cng tc v ngt in thit b

c lin quan.
quan
- Khi sa cha v lp t my bin p trong trm phi ngt
in pha h p khi nng bin th.
th
- Ti cc ch ni thit b phn phi kn v h vi dy ni
t bo v phi lm cc kp (tai hng) hoc nh sch
sn cc ch ni kp dy ni t bo v di ng
bng
g m kp.
p Khi ni dy
y t pphi ni vi cc
ni t
trc ri mi ni vi v thit b v khi tho dy ni t
phi lm ngc li
210
Quy phm lp t v s dng in trong thi cng

(Trch tiu chun Vit Nam 53085308-1991)
a- An ton trong lp t v s dng in trong thi cng
a
- Khi lp t s dng, sa cha cc thit b in v mng
li in thi cng trn cng trng, ngoi nhng quy
nh di y cn phi tun theo cc quy nh trong tiu
chun "An ton in trong xy dng" TCVN 4036-1985
- Cng nhn in cng nh cng nhn vn hnh cc thit
b
in phi c hc tp, kim tra v cp giy chng nhn
t yu cu v k thut an ton in
in, cng nhn nhn lm
vic khu vc no trn cng trng phi nm vng s
g nhn trc in
cungg cpp in ca khu vc , cng
cc thit
b c in p n
1000 vn phi c trnh bc
3 an ton v in tr ln.
211

- S dng in trn cng trng phi c s mng in, c cu dao
chung v cc cu dao phn on c th ct in ton b hay
tng khu vc cng trnh khi cn thit
thit. in ng lc v in chiu
sng phi lm hai h thng ring r.
- Cc p
phn dyy dn in
trn ca cc thit b in
(dy
( y dn,, thanh
dn, tip im ca cu dao, cu chy, cc cc ca my in v
dng c in...) phi c bc kn bng vt liu cch in hoc t
cc cao m bo an ton v thun tin cho vic thao tc
tc.Cc
Cc
u dy dn, cp h phi c cch in, bc kn hoc treo cao,
i vi nhng b phn dn in h theo yu cu trong thit k
hoc do yu cu
ca kt
cu,
phi treo cao, ro chn
v c bin
bo hiu
212

- Cc dy dn phc v thi cng tng khu vc cng trnh
phi l dy c bc cch in, cc dy phi mc trn
ct hoc gi chc chn v cao t nht l 2,5m
2 5m i
vi mt bng thi cng v 5m i vi ni c xe c qua li,
cc dyy dn c
cao di 2,5m
,
phi
p dngg dyy cpp bc
cao su cch in. Cp in dng cho cc my trc di

ng phi c qun trn tay hoc trc trn rnh cp.
Cm ch st trn mt bng hoc xe c chn qua li
hay cc kt cu khc ln cp dn in
- Cc n chiu sng c in th ln hn 36V phi treo
cch mt sn thao tc t nht l 2,5m.
213

aa- An ton trong lp t v s dng in trong thi

cng
- Cm
C s
dng
d
cc
li
l i in,
i cc
c cu
phn
h phi
hi
cc bng in v cc nhnh ring r ca chng c
trong qu trnh lp
t thay cho cc mng in,
cc thit b in
tm
thi cn thit cho s dng
g
trn cng trng. Cm dy dn in thi cng
v cc dy in hn tip xc vi cc b phn dn
in ca cc kt cu cng trnh.
214

- Cc thit b ng ct in dng ng ct li in chung tng
hp v cc ng dy phn on cp in cho tng khu vc trn
cng trnh phi c qun l cht ch,
ch ngi khng c trch
nhim khng th ng ct in. Cc cu dao cp in cho thit b
phi c kha chc chn. Cc thit b ng ct in phi t
trong hp kn, ni kh ro, thun tin cho thao tc v x l s c.
Khi ct in, phi m bo sao cho cc cu dao hay thit b ct

in khc khng th t ng mch, trng hp mt in phi ct
cu dao phng cc ng c hot ng bt ng khi c in
tr li.
- Phi c bin php trnh hin tng ng ct
nhm
ng dy,
thit b in.
215

- Tt c cc thit b in phi bo v ngn mch v qu ti, cc thit
b bo v (cu ch, p t mt...) Phi c chn ph hp vi in
p dng in ca thit b.
b
- Tt c cc phn kim loi ca thit b in, cc thit b ng ct c
th c in
pp khi b phn
p cch in
b hng
g m ngi
g
c th va
chm phi, u phi c ni t hoc ni khng bo v.
- Ch c cng nhn in, ngi c trc tip phn cng mi c
sa
cha,
h u
hoc
h ngt
t cc
thit b in
i ra khi li
l i in,
i ch
h
c tho m cc b phn bao che, tho ni cc dy dn vo thit
b,
, sa cha cc b phn
p dn in
sau khi ct in.
Cm sa
cha cc b phn dn in sau khi ct in. Cm sa cha,
tho, ni cc dy dn trn khng kh ang c in p.
216

a- An ton trongg lp
p t
v s dng
g in
trong
g thi cng
g
- ng ct in cha ng dy chnh v ng dy
phn nhnh cp in cho 2 thit b tr ln phi thc hin
cht ch phi c phiu cng tc. Ch c ng in tr
li sau khi kim tra k.
k Sau khi ct cu dao sa
cha thit b th phi kha cu dao v treo bin bo
Cm ng in"
in hoc c ngi trc
trc.
"Cm
- Khng c tho v lp bng in khi cha ct in, nu
trng hp khng ct in c th cng nhn phi eo
gng tay cch in v eo knh phng h
217

- Cm s dng cc ngun in trn cng trng lm hng ro bo
v cng trng.
- Cc
C dng
d
c in
i cm
tay
t phi
hi c
kim
ki tra
t t nht
ht ba
b thng
th mt
t
ln v hin tng chm mt trn v my v t nht mi thng mt
ln v cch in
ca dyy dn,, ngun
g
in
v ch h in.
- Ch c ni cc ng c in, dng c in, n chiu sng v cc

thit b khc vo li in bng cc ph kin quy nh, cm u
ngoc,
xon

u dy.
d
- Cng nhn in lm vic phi c cc phng tin bo v cch in
v trang b y dng c phng h theo quy nh hin hnh.
hnh
Trc khi s dng cc dng c phng h bng cao su, phi xem
xt k v lau sch bi, trnh m b mt
218

b- Quy phm an ton trong cng tc hn in
- Phn kim loi ca thit b hn in cng nh cc kt cu ca sn
phm hn ( v my hn xoay chiu, my hn mt chiu vv..) phi
c ni t bo v theo quy nh ca TCVN v " Quy phm ni
t v ni khng thit b in ".
- M hn pphi dngg dyy cpp mm cch in
dn in
v c tit
din ph hp vi dng in ln nht ca thit b hn v thi gian
ko di ca mt chu trnh hn.
- Khi di chuyn
h hoc
h t cc
dy
d in
i hn
h khng
kh lm
l hng
h v
cch in, khng cp in tip xc vi nc, vi du m, cp
thp,
p, ng
g ngg mng.
g Khongg cch ggia dyy cpp in
hn n
cc chai oxy, cc thit b cha kh axtylen khng c nh hn
5m chiu di dy hn khng di qu 15m.
219

b- Q
Quyy pphm
an ton trong
g cngg tc hn in
- C th dng thanh kim loi c hnh dng bt k lm

ng
g dyy mt dn in v nu tit din ca n m bo
an ton theo iu
kin t
nng do dng in hn i qua.
- Chui km hn phi lm bng vt liu cch in v cch
in tt.
Km hn phi kp chc
que hn. Vi dng in
c cng 600A tr ln khng c dng km hn
ki d
kiu
dy dn
d lun
l trong k
km hn.
h
- in p cc kp ca my hn mt chiu, my hn xoay
chiu
hi trong lc
l pht
h h quang kh
khng vt qu 110V i
vi my mt chiu v 70V i vi my hn xoay chiu.
220

b- Quy phm an ton trong cng tc hn in
- Cc my hn tip xc c nh phi dng loi bin p 1 pha v u
vi li in xoay chiu c tn s 50HZ v in p nh hn 50V,
khi khng ti khng vt qu 36 vn.
vn
- Ni in t li in vo my hn phi qua cu dao, dy chy, my
hn p
phi c thit b ng,
g, ct in,
, khi ngng
g g hn pphi ct in.
- Cm hn ngoi tri khi c ma bo.

- Th hn in khi lm vic trn cao phi c ti ng dng c, que
hn.
- Ch c lm sch cc in cc trn cc my hn in khi ct
in
221
2.3. Cc y
yu t nguy
g y him,, c hi,
, s
c
c th xy ra ti ni lm vic v cc
bi php
bin
h phng
h nga
222
Nghin cu cc tnh hung 33-4-5

45
223
Cc yu t nguy him
him, c hi:
hi: in git
i
in l ngun
nng
lng
l
vn
hnh
h h my
mc
xy
dng , chiu sng ni lao ng.

Hin tng in git xy ra nhiu lm bng v cht
ngi.
in cng l ngun pht sinh nhiu v chy do chp
in, do dy in khng sc ti, dng in lm
nng dy dn qu nhit cho php , gy nng v bt
chy.
h
Tai nn in xy ra do s ch quan, thiu cn thn,
i khi do s cu th ca s thit k v thi cng h
thng s dng in
224
Cc yu t nguy him, c hi:

hi: Ri t trn cao xung
S di chuyn vt liu, cu kin, cc vt dng thi cng
t trn
t cao xung
m khng
kh nga
trc
t c th ri
i
trng ngi lm bn di.
Kh nng ri ngi t trn cao xung
thp
xy
ra nu
khng c bin php ro chn.

Nhiu trng hp ng gio v nhng l do tng nh
kh c th.
Cng nhn ht thuc lo v say thuc, ng t trn cao
xung thp gy tai nn.
Trt chn khi di chuyn hoc gy tm vn gc gio cng
hay xy ra lm ngi cng nhn lao t trn cao xung t
225
226

hi: St nh
St c ngun in p rt mnh, gy ra phng

in n
vi chc kiloAmpe hoc in nhim
lm nguy him n tnh mnh ngi lao ng,

gy chy hoc h hng my mc, thit b.
227

hi: N v chy
Chp in hay dng in qu ln so vi tit

din dy dn
cng c kh nng gy chy.
Khi hn khng ch n mi trng chung
quanh , x hn cn nng bn ra gy chy.
Chy
Ch do
d cht
ht lng
l hay
h hi
h i xng,
du
d cng
l
nguyn nhn thng trc.
Chy bnh gas, chy axtilen, chy bnh xy ,
bnh hydro cng xy ra
228

hi: Yu t vt l: Quang &
nhit
Khi hn h quang hay nhiu cng on khc

trong thi cng pht sinh nh sng vi quan
th rt
thng
t ln.
l
Khi nh sng
g mnh
nh nh sng
g hn khng
g
c che chn cn thn m tia sng chiu ri
trc tip vo mt s b vim do tc ng ca
cc tia cc tm hay hng ngoi lm ph hu t
bo mt.
mt
229
Cc bin php phng nga

nga:: Chng ri t do
Ngi
i lm
l vic
i trn cao phi
hi mang dy
d an ton
v buc dy an ton ng quy cch.

Ngi lao ng trn cng mt cao trnh phng
g c
nm dng
g c hoc
vt
liu
cho
khng
nhau. Khi dng nhiu dng c th dng c phi
ccha
a trong
t o g cc hm
d
dng
g c c np
p c
cn thn.
t .
Nghim cm vic ht hay nm mnh t do vt
liu t trn tay hay trn vai xung im gy
xung lc hoc rung ng mnh.
230
Cc bin php phng nga:

nga: Hun luyn v thit k, lp t
cng nh lao ng trong mi trng c in m bo an
ton trong xy lp in
Khi thit k h thng

th in
i trn
t cng
trng,
t
phi
hi t
thit b bo v nh aptomat hoc cu dao in tng
cho ng dy in chnh trong cng trnh.
Phi t cu ch trc tng cm in, m bo khi
g y c ngun
g
in.
c chm chpp ct ngay
Khng dng dy c tit din nh cho cc dng c
in c cng sut qu ln trnh gy ho hon.
Khng dng ph ti qu mc cho php ca cng sut
thit k v s gy qu ti dn n chy thit b, dy
dn gy chy n
dn,
n.
Khng dng dy in c cht lng km.
231
Cc bin
p
php
pp
phng
g nga:
nga
g : Bin
bo v
nh
nhng
g gii
g php
p p aan
ton c bn cho h thng in tm trn cng trng
chng in git, v tr nhng vt dn in phi t

ni thch hp. Nhng cm phi t cao trn
1,2 mt.
Phi chngg in git
g do con ngi
g
tipp xc ggin tipp
qua kim loi khi dng in b r. Phi lm cc tm
che chn ni cha thit b in m nu con ngi v
c th va chm ngoi mun.
Cc vt dn in phi c cch in vi mc cch
in an ton cho ngi.
232
233
Cc bin
p
php
pp
phng
g nga:
nga
g : Bin
bo v
nh
nhng
g gii
g php
p p aan
ton c bn cho h thng in tm trn cng trng
ng dy trn qua l giao thng, ti im
thpp nht ca ng
g dyy phi
p treo mt
tm
bin c kch thc 0,8 x 0,5 mt bng vt liu
cch in,
in nn sn mu da cam nht.
nht
Trn bin phi ghi dng trn cng hai ch
nguy
him,
dng di ghi cao hin nay
y ti
im ct nyy (n v mt) so vi
ca dy
mt ng, tit din dy v in p ti.
234
2 4 Mt s lu
2.4.
l v phng nga ng
cao
235
236
Cc trng hp ng cao thng xy ra u,

cng tc no?
Ng cao xy ra vi tt
c cc cng tc thi cng
trn cao
Ng cao xy ra trn mi cng trng t ln
n b.
b
Ng cao thng xy ra khi thi cng mng
thng tin lin lc hu tuyn
237
Cc trng hp ng cao thng xy ra u,

cng tc no?
T l taii nn ng cao (ngnh
( h XD) theo
h cao phn
h b theo
h t
l xp x nh sau: di 5m l 23.4%; t 5 10m l 25.8% v
trn 10m l 50.8%. v c th th hin
di dng
g pie-chart
p
nh
hnh di:
T l s v ng cao theo cao ng
25,8
Di 5m
T 5 - 10m
23,4
50,8
Trn 10m
238
Nhng nguyn nhn thng gy ng cao

aa. Nguyn nhn v mt t chc:
- Cng nhn khng m bo sc khe, cha c hun luyn thi cng trn cao
nhng vn lm vic trn cao.
- Khng kim tra gim st thng xuyn.
- Khng c hoc h hng cc phng tin bo h c nhn nh giy chng trt, dy
an ton
- Cng trng t chc khng tt dn n va chm nh xe my va chm lm sp dn
d va qut
do,
lm
l thang
h
b. Nguyn nhn k thut:
- Khng s dng cc phng tin ph hp thi cng trn cao nh thang, dn do,
- Cc
C phng
h ti
tin thi cng
ttrn
cao khng
kh
m b
bo an tton
do
d cc
saii st
t trong
t
thit
k, ch to, lp dng, tho d dn n tai nn lao ng.
- Nn mng t dn do, thang khng vng chc dn n trt hoc sp .
- i lai trn cao bng cc kt cu khng vng chc, cheo leo, hoc cc mi lm bng
vt liu dn
239
Cn thc hin nhng bin php g phng nga ng

cao
11. H
Hn ch,
h gim
i cc
cng
vic
i lm
l trn
t cao
- Sn xut gia cng cc cu kin lp ghp chnh xc hn ch
phi sa,, iu chnh trn cao. Khuych
p
y
i,
, x l cc cu kin
trc di t
trc khi cu
lp.
2. Thc hin cc bin php an ton

a) Bin php t chc
- Tuyn dng ngi m bo cc yu cu lm vic trn cao:
-G
Gim sst,, kim
tra thng
g xuyn:
uy :
- Trang b y phng tin bo h lao ng cho ngi lao
ng.
- Tri
T i ti hay
h thiu
thi nh
h sng,
gi
i bo
b mnhh t cp
5 tr
t ln
l khng
kh
c lm vic trn cao.
240
Cn thc hin nhng bin php g phng nga ng

cao
b) Bin php k th
thut
t
- Cc bin php phng nga ng cao trong thi cng phi c lp trc khi thi
cng.
- Chn phng tin tr gip thi cng thch hp cho tng loi cng vic nh
dn do, thang, cu nng
- S dng cc phng tin phng h thch hp khi thi cng trn cao.
- Phi y kn cc l trng trn sn,
sn mi
mi hoc phi tin hnh ro chn
chn.
- B tr cng vic, giao thng hp l t phi i li nht, t giao ct gia cc
lung tuyn cng tc.
- Phi kim tra,
tra th nghim nh k cc phng tin bo h nh th ti dy an
ton, th ti dn do
- T chc chiu sng y , hp l.
- Khng k kch thm chn ca dn do,
do cu thang bng cc kt cu d v
v, h
hng, sp gy mt an ton.
- Khng b mt sn thao tc trn trt.
241
S dng thang trn cng trng c cc mi

nguy him g?
11. Nhng mt hn ch khi s dng
d ng thang:
Nu bn s dng thang th phi nh:
Ch cho php tng ngi ln hoc xung thang;
Ch
h mt ngii c
llm vic
i trn thang;
h
Nu u thang khng c ging chc th phi c hai cng nhn cng lm
vic; mt ngi lm vic trn thang v mt ngi gi chn thang.
Ch c mt
tay t ddo; vic
i mang thit
hi b hoc
h
cc
vt
dng
d
khc
kh l
ln
thang l rt kh khn v nguy him, hn na ti trng phi rt hn ch.
Nhiu ri ro c th xy ra i vi ngi di khi c vt ri t trn thang
xung.
xung
Hn ch vic di chuyn.
Phi t v ta thang v tr v b mt chc chn.
Hn ch v cao khi dng thang.
thang
242

nguy him g?
22. Buc
B cht
h thang:
h
Hn mt na s tai nn xy ra l do thang b trt
trn
nn
k hoc
h phn
h ta. V vy,
thang
h
phi
hi c
k t trn nn chc.
Kh
Khng
c chn
h thm
h vo
mt
bn
b chn
h thang
h
v l
do nn khng phng. Trong trng hp ny, nu c
th hy san bng nn hoc chn cht chn thang.
th,
thang Nu
nn t xp hy s dng thm vn k. Khng c
k thang hoc ton b trng lng thang dn vo
bc di cng, ch c dng cc bc trn v hai
g c.
thnh thangg lm cc im gia
243

nguy him g?
22. B
Buc
cht
ht thang:
th
Phn u thang phi ta vo b mt chc chn c kh nng chu
ti tt,
tt nu khng th phi c thm gi thang.
thang Nn ging
hoc buc cht u thang hoc c ngi gi thang; nu khng
lm c nh vy th phi buc chn thang vo cc ct chn
vo
lng
l
t hoc
h s
dng
d
cc
bao
b ct.
Trong
T
trng
hp
h
khng th ging buc c v khng c gi th bt buc
phi c ngi
p
g gi
g cchn thangg khi ngi
g khcc angg lm vic
v c
bn trn, song ch c p dng vi cc loi thang c chiu di
di 5m. Ngi gi phi nm mi tay vo mt bc thang v t
mt chn ln bc thp nht.
nht Cn s dng cc vn k chng
trt.
244
buc cht u
thang;
c nh chn thang chng
trt
245

nguy him g?
di chuyn thang cng

phi ng cch
3. S dng thang an ton
246

nguy him g?
phi kim tra chiu cao

thang trc khi s dng
quy trnh lp dng thang

ng
247
2 5 An ton lao ng khi thi

2.5.
cngg lp
p gghp
p
248
Cc nguyn nhn tai nn thng thy khi thi cng lp

ghp c th nhm thnh 4 nhm nguyn nhn chnh:
a) Sai st khi thit k:
- S d
dng cc
gii
ii php
h k
kt cu
kh
khng
ng vi
i yu
cu
lm vic thc t.
- Tnh ton kt cu khng ng.
- Khi thit k kt cu khng ch n iu kin an ton khi
thi cng lp ghp n.
b) Sai
S i st
t trong
t
khi ch
h tto:
- S dng vt liu khng ng chng loi hay cht lng
yu cu.
nh y
- Gia cng khng chnh xc.
- Cc mi ni khng m bo cht lng.
- Cu
to ct
thp sai, sai v tr quai cu,
thp ch
- Khng c cc thng s cn thit qun l cu kin nh
ngy sn xut, trng lng, cc yu cu khi lp dng
249
Cc nguyn nhn tai nn thng thy khi thi cng lp

ghp c th nhm thnh 4 nhm nguyn nhn chnh:
c) Sai st khi thi cng:
- S dng cn trc khng ph hp vi cc thng s lp ghp
yu cu.
y
- Cc thit b treo buc khng ph hp, v tr treo buc khng
ph hp.
- Khng c cc bin php c nh tm
tm.
- Trnh t thi cng lp ghp khng ph hp dn n cng
trnh khng n nh.
- Khng c cc phng n s dng phng tin lm vic
trn cao.
d) Nguyn nhn khi thc hin:
Do cng nhn thc hin khng tun theo cc quy trnh k
thut, quy trnh an ton. Khng tun th k lut lao ng.
250
phi eo dy an ton khi thi cng

trn cao
mt s loi kha an ton
251
Cc bin php g cn thc hin phng nga tai nn

trong thi cng lp ghp
a) in
hnh ha thit
k c trong kt
cu
v thi cng.
b)) Hn ch ti thiu s lngg cu kin phi
p lpp ghp.
g p
c) S dng cc lin kt kh nh hn, bu lng thay th
cc mi ni t.
d) Khuych i cu kin trc di t trc khi lp
ghp.
ghp
e) Phng nga cu kin ri khi cu chuyn:
f) C
nh tm chc
chn
cc cu
kin
g) Thc hin cc bin php phng nga ng cao.
252
253

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Trung tm o to bu chnh vin thng II

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Ho va ten: LU TRNG VAN

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Nhng quy nh chung v ATL, VSL

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

1 Nhng quy nh chung v

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Anh ch c suy ngh sau khi quan st cc

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

ngha va li ch cua cong tac Bao ho lao

ngha va li ch cua cong tac Bao ho lao

ngha va li ch cua cong tac Bao ho lao

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

- Tt c cc bin php c quy nh c

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Cc bin php v k thut v sinh: k thut thng gi, iu

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Cc qui nh v qun l k thut an ton

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Cc qui nh v qun l k thut an ton

Cc qui nh v qun l k thut an ton

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Cc qui nh v qun l k thut an ton

nh, bo dng, sa cha my mc, thit b,

Cc qui nh v qun l k thut an ton

gy tai nn lao ng, s c sn xut e do n

Cc trang thit b ny phi c nh k kim tra

Cc qui nh v qun l k thut an ton

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Cc qui nh v hnh chnh

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

a). Ngi s dng lao ng ch c tuyn

ca lao ng v thnh nin v bt li cho vic

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

b). Trong qu trnh lm vic, ngi s dng lao

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

c). Ngi s dng lao ng phi hun luyn v

dng, bo qun phng tin bo v c nhn; cch

cp cu ngi b nn trong cc trng hp xy ra

luyn li cng c, nng cao trnh , kin thc

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

d). Ngi s dng lao ng phi thc hin ch

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

g). Ngi s dng lao ng phi xy dng, ban

i) Ngi s dng lao ng phi t chc t kim

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Tho lun v tnh hung nghin cu 1: .

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Vai tro cua to chc Cong oan trong cong

Vai tro cua to chc Cong oan trong cong

Vai tro cua to chc Cong oan trong cong

Vai tro cua to chc Cong oan trong cong

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Bin son & ging: TS. Lu Trng Vn, i hc M TP.HCM

Cc vn bn php lut (B lut),