e806 [APA Referencing Style Gide The Library: Unversity of Wako APA Referencing Style Guide ‘This page provides APA information and examples for students and staff of the University of Waikato. It is designed to accompany (not replace) the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2010), which is available in the Library. The Library also offers regular APA tutorials. Sign up for an APA tutorial Guides and Examples Library Guides + APA Style: Common Examples + APA Style: Quick Guide 1998.0 ks) + APA Style: Quick Guide in Mandarin /APA Sci] 3 (5264 KB) + APA FAQ (iBook and PDF downloads) Official Style Guides / Info + APA Style official website + APA Style Blog + Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.) + APA Style Guide to Electronic References: Available online + Perrin's Pocket Guide to APA Style (Sth ed.) Citations in Text To cite works of others, APA style uses an author-date citation method. Citations in text are acknowledged with (Author, Date) or Author (Date). Direct quotation Use quotation marks and include page numbers. Samovar and Porter (1997) point out that "language involves attaching meaning to symbols” (p. 188) or “Language involves attaching meaning to symbols" (Samovar & Porter, 1997, p. 188). Along quotation ‘A quotation of 40 or more words should be formatted as a freestanding, indented block of text without quotation marks. Note the location of the final full stop. Weston (1948) argues that: ‘One of the most important phases of our special guests was to get information that would throw light on degeneration of the facial pattern that ocours so often in our modern civilization. This has its expression in the narrowing and lengthening of the face and the development of crooked teeth. (p. 174) tip dhwwrwwaikato.c nalitreryistdyleferencingsiylestapa we806 [APA Referencing Style Gide The Library: Unversity of Wako A quotation with no page numbers If you quote from online material and there are no page numbers (e.g. HTML based document), use the paragraph number (para.) instead "Prevalence rates of antenatal major and minor depression have been estimated in community-based studies to range from 7% to 15% of all pregnancies" (Grote, Swartz, Geibel & Zuckoff, 2009, para. 2) Indirect Quotation / Paraphrasing Page numbers are optional when paraphrasing, although authors are encouraged to include them, especially when it assists the reader to locate the reference in long pieces of text (Publication Manual, p. 171). Giving meaning to specific symbols such as sounds and marks is considered to be the origin of written language (Samovar & Porter, 1997, p. 188) Acitation from a secondary source When you find a quote (e.g. Amett) within a work that you have read (e.g. Claiborne & Drewery) and you wish to refer to the original quote (Arnett), this is called citing from a secondary source. + Where possible, try and track down the original work and quote from that. In text citation + In-text, name the original work as well as the work you have read + Use the phrase 'as cited in' to signify the secondary source. ‘Amett (2000, as cited in Claiborne & Drewery, 2010) suggests there is an emerging adult stage in the lifespan of humans, covering young people between the ages of 18 and 25 years. In reference list List Claiborne & Drewery in your reference list, not Arnett, Claiborne, L., & Drewery, W. (2010). Human development: Family, place, culture. North Ryde, Australia: McGraw-Hill Acitation from a secondary source in an edited book Edited books are put together by editors and usually have chapters written by different authors. The authors of these chapters may quote or paraphraseother authors. If you quote or paraphrase these other authors, you must acknowledge everyone - the author(s) of the quote, the author(s) of the chapter in the edited book and the editor(s) of the edited book ‘+ Where possible, try and track down the original work and quote from that. ip hwwrwwaikato 2c naibrarystudyefrencingsylestapae806 [APA Referencing Style Gide The Library: Unversity of Wako In text citation ‘As Wearmouth and Connors (2004) state, "schooling plays a critical part in shaping a student's sense of ‘self, that is, in his or her belief in his or her ability, responsibilty and skill in initiating and completing actions and tasks" (as cited in Glynn & Berryman, 2005, p. 298). In reference list Glynn, T. & Berryman, M. (2005). Understanding and responding to students’ behaviour difficulties. In D. Fraser, R. Moltzen, & K. Ryba (Eds.), Learners with special needs in Aotearoa New Zealand (3rd ed., pp.294-315). Palmerston North, New Zealand: Dunmore Press. Reference List ‘At the end of your assignment, you are required to provide the full bibliographic information for each source cited in text. References must be listed in alphabetical order by author, and then chronologically. Exception: When citing from a secondary source, list only the secondary source in which you found the original information, and do not lst the primary source in the reference list + Start the list of references on a new page at the end of your assignment. + Do not use footnotes for referencing (Publication Manual, p.37) + References should use the hanging indent format. Each reference type (e.g. Book, Journal) has a standardised format. See alsoFormatting elements section for detailed information on how to format authors/dateltitle/publication information, Book and book chapter Each reference should include four elements: (1) Author/Editor/Producer (2) Date (3) Title of the work and (4) Publication Information. ‘Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title of the work. Place name: Publisher. Electronic books If the item is available online, a retrieval statement or DO! is required after (3) Title. Exclude (4) Publication Information. ‘Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title of the work. Retrieved from http://.. Author, A., & Author, B (Year). Title of the work. http://dx.doi.org/xx-xxxxx%, A chapter in a book When a book consists of many chapters written by ifferent authors, reference each chapter you used ip hwwrwwaikato 2c naibrarystudyefrencingsylestapaesn0%6 [APA Referencing Style Gide The Library: Unversity of Wakao Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Chapter tile. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp xx-xx). Place name: Publisher. ‘Author, A., & Author, B, (Year), Chapter title, In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp.xx-xx). Retrieved from hip. ‘Author, A,, & Author, B. (Year). Chapter tile, In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (Pp.xx-xx). http:l/dx.d0}, 01g xx- rx. Periodicals Items published on a regular basis, such as journals, magazines and newspapers, are known as serials or periodicals. Include the same elements as for a book, but exclude the publication information and add the volume, issue and page number(s) instead Each reference should include the following elements: (1) Author (2) Date (3) Title of article (4) Title of Periodical (5) Volume, Issue and Page numbers. ‘Author, A,, & Author, B. (Year). Article title. Title of Periodical, x(x), pp-pp A journal article available online ‘Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Article title. Title of Periodical, x(x), PP-pp. http:l/dx.dol.org/xxx-xxxxx. Author, A,, & Author, B. (Year). Article title. Title of Periodical, x(x), pp-pp. Retrieved from http: Online documents / Webpages Include the same elements as for a book, but exclude the publication information and add a retrieval statement in its place: (1) Author (2) Date (3) Title (4) Retrieval statement. Include a retrieval date if the source material is likely to change over time (Publication Manual, p. 192). Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title of the webpage. Retrieved from http: ‘Author, A., & Author, B, (Year). Title of the webpage, Retrieved from ...website: http:/l Author, A., & Author, B. (Year, Month Day). Title of the webpage [Description of form]. Retrieved Year, Month Day from http:// Formatting elements Each element (e.g. Author[s], Date, Title, Publication information) has a standardised format including punctuation and presentation style (e.g. capital letters and italics etc) Author(s) In text citation ip hwwrwwaikato 2c naibrarystudyefrencingsylestapae806 [APA Referencing Style Gide The Library: Unversity of Wako Acknowledge a citation with authors last name and publication year. + For two or more works within the same in text parentheses, order the authors alphabetically as they would appear in the reference list. Separate them with semicolons. + Separate two or more works by the same author with a comma (Publication Manual, p. 177-178), On the other hand, much has been already discussed ... (Brown, 2003; Cunningham, 2001; Stewart, 1995, 1999, 2004). + For authors with the same surname, include the authors initials in all in text citations, even if the year differs (Publication Manual, p. 176, section 6.14). In the literature reviewed, A . B. Smith (2003) and C. Smith (2010) In reference list Invert the author(s) name(s), and use initial(s) of first name(s). Use the ampersand (&) between the last two authors’ names (also note the full stop and comma after each author's name). One author Brown, W. P. Two authors Samovar, L. A., & Porter, R. E Three to five authors Krause, K.-L., Bochner, S., & Duchesne, s. Six or seven authors Shepherd, R., Bamett, J., Cooper, H., Coyle, A., Moran-Ellis, J., Senior, V., & Walton, C. Eight or more authors Chiappini, E., Principi, N., Longhi, R., Tovo, P. A., Becherucci, P., Bonsignori, F., ... de Martino, M. Corporate / group author Ministry of Education. No author Use Anonymous only if this is used in the publication. + Eight or more authors: List first six authors, then insert three elipses (...), followed by the last author. + Corporate / group author: ie. an organisation, association or government department. + Ifthe author's first name is hyphenated, include the hyphen with a full stop after each initial Date The year of publication goes in parentheses ( ) after the author(s). ip hwwrw waikato 2 nabrarystudyefrencingsyletapae806 [APA Referencing Style Gide The Library: Unversity of Wakao Books and academic (1993) journals Magazines and newspapers: (1993, June) Monthly (1993, June 12) Daily, weekly No date (nd.) In press (in press) Ian author has published more than one item in the same year, add lower case letters a, b, c etc. immediately after the year. The order is arranged alphabetically by title in the references list, but exclude ‘A’ or ‘The! when it is the first word (Publication Manual, p. 182). In text citation As discussed by Lohan (2009b), itis inevitable... Lohan (2009a) also suggested that... In reference list Lohan, L. (2009a). Managerial behaviour and... The Journal of Information and. Lohan, L. (2009b). A new perspective on ... New Zealand Journal of Management... Title of the work Titles of formally published materials (e.g. Books, Journals, DVDs) are italicised, with the first letter of the first word of the main title and the subtitle in capital letters. Proper nouns also begin with a capital letter. Exception: Journal titles (including magazines and newspapers) are italicised and all key words in the journal ttle begin with a capital letter. + Do not italicise an article title in a journal or chapter title in an edited book, Publication Information Publication Place Give the location (city) of the publisher - give the first city listed only. Exception: Place of publication is not required for journal, magazine or newspaper articles. American cities Thousand Oaks, CA Non-American cities Hamilton, New Zealand London, England Non-American cities with Sydney, Australia ip hwwrw waikato 2 nabrarystudyefrencingsyletapa are806 [APA Referencing Style Gide The Library: Unversity of Wakao astate + For the United States, use the city name, then the 2-Ietter postal code _ instead of the United States. + If the publisher is located outside the United States, use city and country written in full, e.g. New Zealand not Nz. Publishers Use the first publisher listed if multiple publishers are given. Exception: Publishers are not required for journal, magazine or newspaper articles. + Do not include words like Publishers, Co., or Inc. However, keep words like Books or Press. + When the author is the publisher of the work, use the word ‘Author’ in the publisher field Additional information (e.g. Editions) Information such as edition (excluding 1st edition) or report number goes in parentheses () immediately after the title (Publication Manual, p. 186). Jespersen, N. D., Brady, J. E., & Hyslop, A. (2012). The molecular nature of matter (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ‘A description of the work goes in square brackets [ ] afterthe title. .9. [DVD], [Poster], [Kindle DX version], [Powerpoint slides], [Letter to the editor] etc. Christchurch Methodist Central Mission. (1984). Durham Street Church: 120 years anniversary brochure: 1864-1984 [Brochure]. Christchurch, New Zealand: Author. ip hwwrwwaikato 2c naibrarystudyefrencingsylestapa ca