StatisticalProcessControl

 -1
) (SPC
.
.
:
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7

-1-1
SPC
.
.

 PT&ED

-2-1
.

.
.


:
-1 )(Shape
-2 )(Location or Central Tendency
3 )(Scatter or Spread

Histogram of RING DIAMETER, with Normal Curve

25

20

10

Frequency

15

0
74.03

74.02

74.01

73.99

74.00

73.98

73.97

73.96

C6

-3-1
.
" " .
80 20
.

PARETO CHART FOR %SCRAB OF MILL BADAMAK

10

100

9
8

80

Percent

60

5
4

40

Count

3
2

20

1
0

0
rs
he
Ot

0.42
4.4
100.0

Defect

0.51
5.3
95.6

1.05
10.9
90.3

2.51
26.2
79.4

5.10
53.2
53.2

Count
Percent
Cum %

-4 -1
.
- -
.
" " " " ) (Fish Bone
.

CAUSE&EFFECT DIAGRAM FOR SURFACE FLOWS DEFFACT

Measurements
Micrometers
Microscopes

Materials

Personnel

Alloys

Shifts

Lubricants

Inspectors

Supervisors

Suppliers

Training
Operators

surface flaws
Speed
Brake
Condensation
Moisture%

Environment

Lathes

Engager

Bits

Angle

Methods

Sockets

Machines

(Surface Flows)

-5-1
.

.

 -6-1

. ) (X1,Y1
N . Y X
.
.

SCATTER DIAGRAM
x
x

)F(X
-

60+

x
2

x
x

x
x

48+
-

x
x

x
x

x
x

36+
-

--+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---- X
28.0

24.5

17.5

21.0

-7 -1

14.0

10.5

 .
1920 " "
.
.

. ) (CL

. ) (UCL
) (LCL .

.
.

.

)X BAR-R CONTROL CHART FOR CAMSHAFT LENGTH(in control

600.5

UCL=600.3

LCL=598.8

Sample Mean

Mean=599.5

599.5

598.5
10

20

Subgroup

3
2

R=1.36
1
0

LCL=0

Sample Range

UCL=2.876

) (Camshaft

-2
-1 -2

.
.
.
.

. .
.

 .
.
) (Assignable Cause .


.
.

) (SPC
.
.

10

-2-2

.

. .

. (Probability Distribution)
.

...


.
.

-1-2-2
: .
) : (Mode .

11

) : (Medin .
) 50 50
(
) : (Mean
. .
n

i =1

=N

. .
xi

n
i =1

=
=n

-2-2-2

.
) : (Variance
. .
)2

(x
i =1

n 1

12

 ) ( 2 ) (S2 . =0 2
. 2 .
2 .
. a
b .

.
.2
.
) : (Standard Deviation
. :
2

X
i =1
i

n 1

x
n

13

= S = S2

 ) : (Range R

min

max

R= X

-3-2-2
.
.
.
. .
() ) ( .
.

68.26
95.48
99.73 . .

14

 99.73
0.27 .

-4-2-2

.
.
MiniTab
.

-5-2-2

. :

15

3 ,.....

x x x
1,

2,

y :

) (x + x ... x
n

=
n y
.
.
. ) (a
. b
.
25 ... .

16

 -3

) ( .
.
T1 .
0 0 .
T2

. T2
0

. T3

. T1
.
.

17

 -1-3


.
.
)(CE .

)X BAR-R CONTROL CHART FOR CAMSHAFT LENGTH(in control

600.5

UCL=600.3

LCL=598.8

Sample Mean

Mean=599.5

599.5

598.5
20

10

Subgroup

3
2

R=1.36
1
0

LCL=0

-2-3

18

Sample Range

UCL=2.876

 . CL
UCL
LCL .
LCL UCL 99.73 .

-3-3
.
.
(
.
( .
( LCL UCL .
( .

-4-3

19

 .

) . (

-1

-2

20

 -3

-4

- 4
-1-4
( :
.
.

21

 ......
.
( :
.
.

... .

.

-2-4
-1-2-4 )(Xbar-R
X 1, X 2 , X 3 ,... X n n
:

Xn

+ ... +

X +X
1

X
= n

X .
99.73 .

,...
3

X ,X ,X
2

X :

X = X + X n+ ... + X m
1

22

 X X.

:

i=1,2,3,m

min

max

R=X
i

R 1, R 2 , R 3 , ... R m m
:

R = R + R n+ ...+ Rm
1

X .
UCL = X + A2 R

CL = X
LCL = X A2 R

R :

UCL = D 4 R

CL = R
= D3 R

LCL

D3 D4 .
X R
X R
.
.

23

 ) (
.

X R

)X BAR-R CONTROL CHART FOR CAMSHAFT LENGTH(in control
600.5

UCL=600.3

LCL=598.8

Sample Mean

Mean=599.5

599.5

598.5
20

10

Subgroup

3
2

R=1.36
1
LCL=0

Sample Range

UCL=2.876

) (Camshaft

24

X BAR-R CONTROL CHART FOR CAMSHAFT LENGTH

1

603

601
Mean=600.2

600
599

LCL=598.1

Sample Mean

UCL=602.4

602

598
20

10

Subgroup

UCL=7.866

R=3.72

LCL=0

Sample Range

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

) (Camshaft

:


. .
X R .

25

. R .


.

26

-2-2-4 )(Xbar-S
S

) (R . )(n
) (5
S n
. 10
S .
2

X
i =1

n 1

27

 n Xi
m

S
i =1

1
m

X .
UCL = X + A3 S
CL = X

LCL = X A3 S

S .
= B4 S

UCL

CL = S
= B3 S

LCL

B3 B4 .

X S .
.

28

Xbar/S Chart for C1

11.5

UCL=11.30

Mean=9.901
9.5
LCL=8.506

Sample Mean

10.5

8.5
25

20

10

15

Subgroup

S=0.9776

LCL=0

Sample StDev

UCL=2.042

-3-2-4 )(I-MR

. PH ....

.

I-MR (Individual-Moving Range) X-MR

.
I MR .

.
.

.
i 1

MR = X X
i

29

 = n
n 1

MR

i =1

n 1

= MR

I .

UCL = X + 3 MR
d2
CL= X

LCL = X 3 MR
d2
X .
R MR .

UCL = D 4 MR

CL = MR
= D 3 MR

LCL

D3 D4 .

I-MR .

30

I and MR Chart for C1

UCL=13.19

12
11
10

Mean=10.19

9
8
LCL=7.194

7
50

40

20

30

10

Individual Value

14
13

Subgroup

UCL=3.681

2
R=1.127

LCL=0

Moving Range

I-MR

-3-4

.
:
-1 ) : ( P
.

-2 ) : ( np P
.

31

 -3 ) : ( C
.
-4 ) : ( U
C .
X i
) ( .

-1-3-4 ) ( P

.
.
i

D
P i = n
= n

= D
i

P i
i
=1

=P

P 1 P

UCL = P + 3

CL = P

P1 P

LCL = P 3

32

 P
. LCL
.
P .

P Chart for C5
UCL=0.3404
0.3

Proportion

P=0.2168
0.2

0.1

LCL=0.09318
50

40

30

20

10

Sample Number

-2-3-4 ) ( np


. nP
.

33

Pi
=1

p= i
= n

) (n P (1 P

UCL = n P + 3

CL = n P

) (n P (1 P

LCL = n P 3

P .

NP Chart for C3
25

UCL=24.57

20

NP=14.12

10
5

LCL=3.673

0
25

20

15

10

Sample Number

nP

-1-3-4 ) ( U,C

34

Sample Count

15


. .
.
.
.

. C
. U
. 100 50
... .
-1-4-3-4 ) ( C
C .
i
m

C
i =1

C
= m

UCL = C + 3 C
CL = C

LCL = C 3 C

35

 C .

.

C Chart for Blemish

8

UCL=7.677

5
4
3

C=2.725

Sample Count

1
0

LCL=0
40

30

10

20

Sample Number

C 40 5

-2-4-3-4 ) ( U
U C
.

m

U
i =1

36

U
n

UCL = U + 3
CL = U

U
n

LCL = U 3

U . U =2

2 .
U .

U Chart for Blemish

0.8

UCL=0.7677

0.7

0.5
0.4
0.3

U=0.2725

0.2

Sample Count

0.6

0.1
LCL=0

0.0
40

20

30

10

Sample Number

37


100 .

-5 )(Capability Process

) ( .
.
) ( .

.

Cp

USL LSL
6

=Cp

/ ) ( = C p
C p
C p > 1 .
C p = 1
.
C p < 1
.

38

 C p
.
.
CP

C p <1
USL

LSL

C p =1
USL

C p >1

USL

LSL

LSL

C PK

C p
. C p > 1
.

39

 C p = 1.33
. C p
.
C p

.

PK

C .

}) {(USL X ) (X LSL
3

= C PK

: .

p = C PK

p > CPK

C .

C C p .
PK

USL

LSL

=2

62

CP=2
CPK=2

38

50

=2

LSL

USL

CP=2
CPK=1.5

62

53

40
38

 =2

LSL

USL

CP=2
CPK=1

38

62

56

USL
LSL

=2

CP=2
CPK=0

38
LSL

62

=2

CP=2
CPK= - 0.5

38

CP , CPK

41

USL

62

65