ITALY: THE RISE OF THE

CONCERTO
Florid melody over firm bass
Musical organization based on tonality
Multiple contrastings movements
The structure focused on interaction between soloist and ensemble
Concertante, concertino, solo concerto, concerto grosso, ripieno, ritornello

Solo concerto:
One or more soloists and orchestra

Concerto grosso:
Small ensemble against large ensemble

Ripieno concerto:
Features no soloists at all, eg. String orchestra and continuo
Most concertos follow a three movement pattern
Opening fast movement
Slow movement in slow or related key
Final fast movement in tonic, shorter and sprightlier

RITORNELLO FORM
Contrast between solo and tutti were essential elements
An instrumental refrain
Fast movements were typically In ritornello form

Soloist controls the modulation

Ritornello are tonal signpoints

Opening ritornello is comprised of several small motives
First and last rit statements are in the tonic
Confirm keys in following modulations
At least one is in the dominant