Pricinples of measurement of

Temperature
IN STR UMENTATION & PRO C ES S CO NTROL

LECTURER: SOHAIL NAWAB

s o h a i l . n a w a b @ f a c u l t y. m u e t . e d u . p k

I N S T I T U T E O F P E T R O L E U M & N AT U R A L G A S
M E H R A N U N I V E RS I T Y O F E N G I N E E R I N G & T EC H N O LO G Y, JA M S H O R O
Content
Temperature
Temperature Measuring Devices
Comparison accordingly to specification of Thermocouple / RTD /
Thermistors
Temperature
Definition ?
Its units ?
It is a common and Important measurement in the process
industries
Measuring ranges ~ -250 to 1750C
Temperature Measuring Devices
Thermocouple
Resistance temperature Device (RTD)
Thermistors
Liquid Expansion and Vapor pressure
Bimetallic
Glass Thermometers
Pyrometers
Thermocouple
T/C
Thermocouples (T/C) are formed when two dissimilar metals are
joined together to form a junction
Principle
Three effects are associated with thermocouples:
The Seebeck effect
The Peltier effect
The Thompson effect
Operating Ranges for Thermocouples
Type Approximate Range
CopperConstantan (T) 140 to +400C
ChromelConstantan (E) 180 to +1,000C
IronConstantan (J) 30 to 900C
ChromelAlumel (K) 30 to 1,400C
NicrosilNisil (N) 30 to 1,400C
Platinum (Rhodium 10 %) Platinum (S) 30 to 1,700C
Platinum (Rhodium 13 %)Platinum (R) 30 to 1,700C
Resistance Temperature Devices
RTD
Device / Detector
Electrical Resistance change.
Principle
Resistance is a function of temperature
The RTD can be used to measure temperatures from 300 to
+1,400F (170 to+780C).
Response time is 0.5 to 5 seconds.
Two types of platinumRTD:
Film type
Wire wound
Industry