QUESTION 1. [30 marks] i. A *fault dotoction system consists of two independent sensors that are recorded daily. Sensor “A” hasa probability of 0.99 of detecting a fault ‘when it occurs, buta probability of 0.05 of giving a false alarm. Sensor “B” is less sensitive, with a probability of 0.00 of detecting a fault and a probability of 0.01 of giving a false alarm. The probability ofa fault occurring on any given days 0.02. b. Iithere is. fault, what is the probability that both sensors detect i? Iithere is. fault, what is the probability that no sensor detects it? Ifsensor °A" reports a fault. what is the probability that 2 fault has actually occurred? [12 marks] ii, A certain type of component is knowm to have a constant failure rate (CFR) of 0.0001 failures per hour. For this type of component: a b. c a e ‘What is the mean time to failure in years? ‘What is the probability that 2 component will fail between the end ofyear 2and the end of year 3? ‘What is the probability that a component that has worked for 2 ‘years will fal in the next year? Assuming that the time required replacinga faulty component is negligible, what is the mean number of failures in 3 years? ‘What is the probability of having exactly 1 failure in 3 years? [18 marks] (QUESTION 2. [20 marks} Figure 1 illustrates an oil tank control system that is designed to control the level of the liquid in the tank. The acronyms in the figure are given in the Table 1. Table 1—The components of an oil tank control system CH Control Module MP ‘Main Pump’ HS! High-Level Sensor 1 HS2 High-Level Sensor 2 ISL Low Level Sensor 1 1s2 Low-Level Sensor 2‘Their reliabilities are RCM=0.85, RMP=0.88, RHS: and RLS2=0.95, respectively. 12) When the liquid level is lower than the location of £51 or LS2, the control ‘module (CM) will send the main pump (MP) 2 signal te pump more liquid into the pump. Draw a reliability block diagram 2s well asa fault tree diagram for this event and calculate the reliability [12 marks] 'b) When the liquid level is higher than the location of HS1 or HS2, the CM ‘will et some water out from the pump. Drawa reliabilty block diagram {for this event and calculate the reliability. [8 marks] Figure 1—An oil tank contrel system: a) a faust ise} QUESTION3. [30 marks] Consider the following flow system (see Fig. 2) comprising of series of pipes, ‘valves, measurement equipment, a pump, and.a container. Pump P1 sends the liquid ofthe container C1 through PL1 to PL2 in order to be redistributed either to CC1 or CC2 (these are two containers that are not included in the plot apart from their connections. and they are located at different elevations) through a system of valves and pipelines PLa3 and PLb3. ‘The pump operates continuously and PL2 is equipped with a measurement gauge MG1 to ensure that pressure is suficent te drive the liquid in CCL or CC2; ifthe pressures not enough, V1 closes and the liquid is recirculated to C1. all valves are electric pipelines are mado of stecland the container is made of plastic. For the system, create a functional diagram, identify 10 failure modes and perform an FMECA to prioritise risks using your engineering judgement and recommend further actions. You are expected to present at least two failure ‘modes in mostof the components identified m the functional diagram. Figure 2—A typical flow aystem\ St tearm > S38, QUESTION 4. [20 marks] ‘The reliability block diagram (RBD) of a radar system is shown in Figure 3. Tae system consists of sx components connected together is series configuration. Figure 3—RBD fora radar system. Bees Hime His fem} Hee ‘The failure rates for the components are given in Table 2. ‘Table 2— Component failure rate Tem Namber [item ‘Quantity | Failure Rate (Failure per Million Hours) 1 Power Supply [1 20 2 Transmitier a 38. 3 ‘antenna 1 5 4 Receiver i z 3 Signal Processor [1 18 Environmental ie ‘Contre unit i 4) What isthe mean-time-between-fallure (MTBF) of system? Median (850) life? Do the analysis using both the software as well as mathematical ‘modelling. How close are the estimations using the software to these‘using mathematical modelling? [10 marks] 1b) Therebability target istoachieve 10,000 hours MTTE for the system. By addingredundancy to which one of the components this goal could be «achieved? Why? [10 marks]