: .

1

1.1
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2
3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3
3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4
6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2

2.1
9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2
13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3
15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4
16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5
17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3

3.1
19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2
20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3
22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4
24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.5
28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
 ii
4

4.1
37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2
41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


.

.
.

. .
.

.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.

iii
 iv

C

) + (
-








) (



1.1
C R2 :
(a, b), (c, d) R2
(a, b) + (c, d) = (a + c, b + d) .1

(a, b) (c, d) = (ac bd, ad + bc) .2

C ) (0, 0
) .(1, 0
)(a, 0) + (b, 0) = (a + b, 0) , (a, 0) (b, 0) = (ab, 0
) (a, 0 .a ) i = (0, 1
i2 = (0, 1) (0, 1) = (1, 0) = 1
i .
x2 + 1 = 0
R C . x = i
) (a, b
(a, b) = (a, 0) + i(b, 0) = a + ib
) Z = (a, b a z ) Re(z
b z ).Im(z
z = a + ib z

= ||z a2 + b2
) (0, 0 .R2 z
z z = a ib z . ||z| = |z
.z, w C
1) z + w = z + w , 2) z w = z w
3) |z w| = |z| |w| , |4) Re(z) |z
5) Im(z) |z| , 6) Re(z) = z+ 2
z
7) Re(z) = z2iz

1
 2 1.1
) 1.1.1 (
z, w C |.|z + w| |z| + |w

)|z + w|2 = (z + w) (z + w
)= (z + w) (z + w
= |z|2 + |w|2 + z w + z w
)= |z|2 + |w|2 + 2Re(z w
| |z|2 + |w|2 + 2|z w
= (|z| + |w|)2

. .z
.
z = x + iy | r = |z

x = r cos , y = r sin
z ) z = r(cos + i sin
z = r(cos ( + 2k) + i sin ( + 2k)), k Z.
) . = arg(z
) arg(z
) Arg(z z ].(,
1.1.2 z = 1 i .

i 1 .

=r = 12 + (1)2 2

1 1
= cos = , sin
2 2
. = 2 4 = 74
7 7
=1i ( 2(cos + 2k) + i sin ( + 2k)), kZ
4 4
7
4
74 >
7
< 2 = < Arg(1 i) = .
4 4 4
 3

1.2
. (1 i)100

n
!n
= (a + b)n n N ank bk , a, b C
k=0
k ! ( n k !)

101 .
) z = r(cos + i sin .
z2 = r2 (cos + i sin )2
)= r2 (cos2 sin2 + 2i cos sin
)= r2 (cos 2 + i sin 2

.
) 1.2.1 (
z j = r j (cos j + i sin j ), j = 1, ..., n
)) z1 ... zn = r1 ...rn (cos (1 + ... + n ) + i sin (1 + ... + n

7 7
(1 i)100 = [ 2(cos + i sin )]100 = 250 (cos 175 + i sin 175) = 250
4 4

) = r(cos + i sin z .zn =

+ 2k + 2k
( zk = r n (cos ( ) + i sin kZ
1
)),
n n
.znk =
+ 2k + 2k
( zk = r n (cos ( ) + i sin k = 0, ..., n 1
1
)),
n n
1.2.2 n
r n . n 1

1.3
1.3.1 X ) d : X X [0,
d( x, y) = 0 .1 . x = y
d( x, y) = d(y, x) .2 . x, y X
.3 x, y, z X ).d( x, y) d( x, z) + d(z, y
 4 1.3
)B( x, r d ) (X, d . x X r > 0
) B( x, r x r
B( x, r) = {y X, d( x, y) < r}, B( x, r) = {y X, d( x, y) r}.
) (C, d | d(a, b) = |a b
.
1.3.2 C z r > 0
.B(z, r) F F c.
O = {z C, } O {1 ) .!( }1 < Re(z) < 1 1.3.3
1.3.4 A ) (X, d < ) diam(A
)diam(A) = sup d( x, y
x,yA

) 1.3.5(
) (X, d A, B X = A B
.A B = X X .
.
a 1.3.6 C a, b a,b
b .a,b
C 1.3.7 Z .
1.3.8 a, b
]ta + (1 t)b , t [0, 1
] [a, b .
1.3.9 . C .
)!(
.
.
1.3.10 ( xn )nN ) (X, d x X
> 0 N N
n > N, )xn B( x,
( xn )nN > 0 N N
n, m > N, d( xn , xm ) <

1.3.11 x
) ( xn .
) . (
 5

1.3.12 F X F F
.F

C 1.3.13 ) . (

R . (zn = xn + iyn )nN

> 0 N N n, m > N .|zn zm | <
| xn xm | |zn zm | <

) (zn ) ( xn R . ) (yn
.
x inX A 1.3.14 A ) .(X, d
> 0
B( x, ) \ { x} A ,
1.3.15 } = B(0, 1) {2i 1 2i .
) 1.3.16 ( ) (X, d
) (Fn F1 F2 ... diam(Fn ) 0 Fn .

.
.
1.3.17 K ) (X, d G
K .
1.3.18 ) B(0, 1 .
) B(0, 1 1n
.
R2
.
) 1.3.19 -(
K Rn K .
1.3.20 K X A K A .K

A K x K Bx
.A } G = {Bx , x K K
A K . .K
 6 1.4
.
.
1.3.21 ) (X, d ) (Y, f : X Y . x X
> 0 > 0
d( x, y) < ( f ( x), f (y)) <
f X .X
1.3.22 f X, Y :
f .1 .
.2 O Y ) f 1 (O .X
.3 F Y ) f 1 (F .X
.4 ) ( xn x X )) ( f ( xn ) f ( x .Y

.
X 1.3.23 ) (X, d ) (Y, f : X Y .
> 0 > 0
( f ( x), f (y)) <
.d( x, y) <
= )f ( x
x2 , x R ) .R!(

1.3.24 f : X Y )( X f
)( .Y f .X
1.3.25 C ) ( fn .C
) ( fn f
lim sup | fn (z) f (z)| = 0
n z

1.4
1.4.1
1.4.2 z, w C
|||z| |w|| |z w

1.4.3 :

3i z
=z , =w
1+i 3
|| = 2, .Arg() = 4 , Arg() = 2 || = 3
 7

1.4.4
1 ei(n+1)t
.
1 eit
.cos t + cos 2t + ... + cos nt
1.4.5 .z3 = 1 i

1.4.6 z C Re(zn ) 0 .n N z .
1.4.7 f (z) = z + 1z C )} f ({|z| = 1 )}. f ({|z| = 2
8 1.4


2.1
2.1.1 (an )nN . lim sup an lim inf an
lim sup an = lim sup ak , lim inf an = lim inf ak
n n kn n n kn

2.1.2 (1)n
lim sup(1)n = 1 , lim inf(1)n = 1

lim sup an , lim inf an (an )nN R

.
lim sup an = lim inf an
) (an .
2.1.3 an , n N . n an a
  > 0 N N


 m > N, an a <
n=m 

n an | n |an.
.
2.1.4 n an .

> 0 .zn = a1 + ... + an | |an N N .n=N |an | <

m > k N
m
m


| = | |zm zk | an | |an |an | <
n=k+1 n=k+1 n=N

9
 10 2.1
) (zn C . .
a C


an (z a)n
n=0

.n=0 zn


n
1 zn+1
= zk
k=0
1z

|z| < 1 zn n .


1
|z| < 1, = zn
n=0
1z

.
2.1.5 an (z a)n a C 0 R
1 n
| = lim sup |an
R

.1 .|z a| < R
.2 .|z a| > R
.3 0 < r < R }.{z C : |z a| < r
R .

2.1.6


zn
n=1
n

R = 1
n 1
lim sup =1
n
|z| = 1 .
z = 1 ) .z = 1 !(
2.1.5 .
 11

2.1.7 an (z a)n .R
 
   an
R = nlim
  an+1
.
 
N N |z| < r < c a = 0  .c = limn  anan
+1

| |an+1 |r < |an .n N M = |aN |r

= |aN +1 |r N +1 = |aN +1 |r N r < |aN |r N M

< |aN +2 |r N +2 = |aN +2 |r N +1 r < |aN +1 |r N +1 M
|an rn | < M .n N
| |zn | |zn
|an zn | = |an rn | n M , n N
r rn
|z| < r an zn .
.c R c R
.
) 2.1.8 (



zn
n=0
!n

!)(n + 1
R = nlim = = lim n + 1
!n n

.


zn
= ez = exp z
n=0
!n

. z1 , z2 C .exp (z1 + z2 ) = exp z1 exp z2

. x R

(1)n x2n
(1)n x2n+1
= cos x = , sin x
n=0
!)(2n n=0
!)(2n + 1

R

(i)n
= ei
n=0
!n

(i)2n (i)2n+1

= +
n=0
!2n n=0
!)(2n + 1
= cos + i sin
 12 2.1
) z = r(cos + i sin z = rei
.r
2.1.9 :
.1 .C w = rei C z = ln r + i .ez = w
|ez | = |e x+iy | = |e x | |eiy | = e x > 0.

.2 .
. z1 , z2 C
ez1 = ez2 z1 = z2 + 2ki, k Z

z C
eiz + eiz eiz eiz
= cos z = , sin z
2 2i

= cos z = 0 eiz + eiz = 0 e2iz = 1 = ei z + k, kZ
2

sin z = 0 z = k, kZ

. f
e f (z) = z
f .
)log(z) = ln |z| + iArg(z

elog(z) = eln |z|+iArg(z) = eln |z| eiArg(z) = |z| eiArg(z) = z
2.1.10 . f f

z , e f (z) = z. )(2.1.1

2.1.11 log z ) (2.1.1 C

log z C \ R
.
R ) log (z } C \ {tei , t 0
)log (z) = ln |z| + iArg (z

Arg ).[, + 2
 13

) 2.1.12 (
C f , g k Z
z , f (z) = g(z) + 2ki
C \ R .log z + 2ki
) .C!(
.z f , g
e f (z) = eg(z) = z k(z) Z, f (z) = g(z) + 2k(z)i
) k(z .

)f (z) g(z
= )k(z
2i
) k(z. f , g ) k( Z .

2.2

.
2.2.1 f . f a

)f (a + h) f (a )f (z) f (a
lim = lim
h0 h za za
) . f (a f f
.
.
f a ) (h limh0 (h) = 0
)f (a + h) f (a) = h(h) + h f (a
.
2.2.2 f (z) = z3 )( . z C
(z + h)3 z3 ) ((z + h) z)((z + h)2 + (z + h)z + z2
lim = lim
h0 h h0 h
= 3z2

2.2.3 f (z) = z .
z+hz h
lim = lim
h0 h h0 h

h R

h
lim =1
h0 h
 14 2.2

ih
lim = 1
h0 ih
2.2.4 f f f (z) = 1z .z
z0 f (z0 ) = w0 ew = z0 z z0 w w0 f .
0

) f (z) f (z0 w w0 1 1
lim = lim w = = w
zz0 z z0 w w0 e e
w 0 e 0 z0
E Rn f : E Rm f a E
) A L(Rn , Rm
|)| f (a + h) f (a) A(h
lim =0
h0 ||h

f a f
.a f (z) = z

)f ( x, y) = x iy = ( x, y
f1 ( x, y) = x, f2 ( x, y) = y
) f1 ( x, y ) f1 ( x, y ) f2 ( x, y ) f2 ( x, y
= 1, = 0, = 0, = 1
x y x y

) z = ( x, y
[ ]
1 0
=A 0 1

. .
2.2.5 f , g a f + g, f g, f g
a
= )( f g) (a )f (a) g (a), ( f g) (a) = f (a) g(a) + f (a) g (a
g(a) , 0 f /g a
f )f (a) g(a) f (a) g (a
= )( ) (a )(a
g g2
) 2.2.6 (
f a g ) f (a
g f a
))(g f ) (a) = g ( f (a )f (a
2.2.7 f f (z) = 0 z f .
 15

f . a ) = f (a } .A = {z , f (z) = A
. ) (an A a

f (a) = nlim

f (an ) =

. f A a A > 0 .B(a, )
) z B(a,
](t) = (1 t)a + tz, t [0, 1

)) g(t) = f ((t
)g( s) g(t )g( s) g(t) ( s) (t
lim = lim = f ((t)) (t) = 0
st st s t )( s) (t st
g ] [0, 1 ) f (a) = f (z ) z B(a, .

2.3
.
.
2.3.1 ) f = u( x, y) + iv( x, y f
) z0 = ( x0 , y0 f z0
) ux ( x0 , y0 ) = vy ( x0 , y0 ) , uy ( x0 , y0 ) = vx ( x0 , y0
) . f (z0 ) = ux ( x0 , y0 ) + ivx ( x0 , y0

f z0 h R
)) u( x0 + h, y0 ) + iv( x0 + h, y0 ) (u( x0 , y0 ) + iv( x0 , y0
f (z0 ) = lim ) = u x ( x0 , y0 ) + iv x ( x0 , y0
h0 h

)) u( x0 , y0 + h) + iv( x0 , y0 + h) (u( x0 , y0 ) + iv( x0 , y0
f (z0 ) = lim ) = iuy ( x0 , y0 ) + vy ( x0 , y0
ih0 ih
.
f .
f ) ( x0 , y0
[ ] [ ]
) u (x , y ) u (x , y ) u ( x , y ) u ( x , y
)D f ( x0 , y0 ) = v x( x0, y0) vy( x0, y0) = v x( x0, y0) u x( x 0, y 0
x 0 0 y 0 0 x 0 0 x 0 0

h = (h1 , h2 ) C f
|) | f ( x0 + h1 , y0 + h2 ) f (z) D f ( x0 , y0 )(h1 , h2 |)) | f (z0 + h) f (z0 ) h(u x (z0 ) + iv x (z0
0 = lim = lim
h0 ||h h0 ||h
 16 2.4

) f (z0 + h) f (z0
lim ) = u x (z0 ) + iv x (z0
h0 h
f .z0
2.3.2 ) f ( x, y) = x2 3y2 + i(2 xy + x2 + 3 x .


ux = 2 x, uy = 6y, vx = 2y + 2 x + 3, vy = 2 x
f .z = ( x, y) C
) ( x, y
1 3
= 2 x = 2 x, 6y = 2y 2 x 3 y x+
2 4

f y = 12 x + 34 ). f ( x, y) = 2 x + i(2y + 2 x + 3
2.3.3 f

1
f (z) = , z .
z

g 2.2.4 . f (z) = 1z .
f f (z) = 1z
)g(z) = z e f (z

1

) f (z ) f (z
g (z) = e

+ ze ( )=0
z
g . g , 0 f
C .g(z) = e h(z) = f (z) + .eh(z) = z .

2.4
2.4.1 C f : R C2 . f

f = f xx + fyy = 0

= )v( x, y 2.4.2 u( x, y) = 2 xy u = 0 + 0 = 0
x2 y2 .v = 2 2 = 0
f u, v = u + iv 2.4.3
.
C .
 17

) 2.4.4 (
u v u f = u + iv
.
2.4.5 u( x, y) = 2 xy . v
.u v f = 2 xy + iv .C f

)ux = vy 2y = vy vy = y2 + ( x
uy = vx
2 x = ( x) ( x) = x2 + c, cC
.v( x, y) = y2 x2 + c
log |z|2 2.4.6 .
C . v log |z|2
f (z) = log |z|2 + iv .C
) log( x2 + y2
= f + iv x
x
) log( x2 + y2 ) log( x2 + y2
= i
x y
x iy 2
=2 2 =
x + y2 z
12 f 1z 2.3.3 C .
.
2.4.7 a R r > 0 u ) B(a, r .u

.a = 0
y x
= )v( x, y ux ( x, t) dt uy ( s, 0) ds
0 0

2.5
2.5.1 ) (an ), (bn .R
lim sup an lim inf an , lim sup(an + bn ) lim sup an + lim sup bn , lim inf(an + bn ) lim inf an + lim inf bn

2.5.2 a . .




an zn , an zn , !zn
2

n=0 n=0 n=0

 18 2.5
2.5.3
e2z + 2ez 8 = 0.
2.5.4 f .
.1 :
) (a z ). f (z2 ) = 2 f (z
) (b n N .exp(n f (z)) = zn
.2 C
) f (z
z =e

,
. .(1 + i)i
.3 z .z C , C
2.5.5 f ) F (z) = f (z .
2.5.6 log |z|2 ).B(3, 2


3.1
3.1.1 C : [a, b] C ] [a, b ,R
C . ) (t ] t [a, b ) .( smooth path
) ( pointwise smooth a = t0 < t1 .... < tn = b
) (t j , t j+1 ] .[t j , t j+1 ) (a ) (b .
) (a) = (b .
3.1.2 ] [a, b
f (a + t) f (a) )f (b + t) f (b
(a) = lim+ , (b) = lim
t a t t b t

3.1.3 .
z0 C r > 0 ) (z ,r :
0

(z0 ,r) : [0,2] C

(t) = reit

) (z ,r .
0

] [A, B A, B ,
][A,B] : [a, b] [A, B
(b t)A + (t a) B
= )[A,B] (t
ba
a = 0 , b = 1 .[A,B] (t) = (1 t)A + tB

{
:
eit ,0 t
= )(t 2t3
, t 2

] [1, 1 )
(t = .
19
 20 3.2
1 2 .
] [0, 2
(0,1) (t) = eit , n(0,1) (t) = eint , n N
. )n(0,1 )(0, 2 ) (0,1
.

3.2
3.2.1 : [a, b] C L
b
= L | (t)|dt
a
2 2
.Ln )(0,1
= 0
|nieint |dt = 2n L )(0,1
= 0
|ieit |dt = 2 3.2.2
3.2.3 , 3.1.3
2
2
= L |ieit |dt + | |dt = + 2
0

3.2.4 : [a, b] C f f


b
= f (z)dz f ((t)) (t)dt
a

3.2.5 f (z) = 1z r > 0

2
1
= f (z)dz ireit dt = 2i
)(0,r 0 reit

2
1 nit
= f (z)dz nit nire dt = 2ni
)n(0,r 0 re
3.2.6 f (z) = z A, B C
1
= f (z)dz ((1 t)A + tB)( B A)dt
][A,B 0
[ ]
1 1 t2
) = ( B A) At + ( B A)0 = ( B2 A2
2 2

3.2.7 : [a, b] C f

))f (z) = f ((b)) f ((a

b b
= f (z)dz = f ((t)) (t)dt ))[ f ] (t)dt = f ((b)) f ((a
a a
 21

3.2.8 f .
, .
3.2.7

. 1 .1 f (z) = ez . A B ez dz = eB eA
] [ ,

. 2 .2 f (z)dz = 0
f ) .(0,r

f (z)dz = 0
)(0,r

f (z) = 1z

1
dz = 2i , 0
)(0,r z
.
3.2.9 1 (t) = t + it, 0 t 1 . 2 (t) = t + it2 , 0 t 1 1 (0) = 2 (0) = 0
1 (1) = 2 (1) = 1 + i .

zdz , zdz , zdz , zdz
1 2 1 2

] 1 = [0, 1 + i
(1 + i)2
= zdz =i
1 2

1
= zdz (t + it2 )(1 + 2it)dt
2 0
1
= t + 3it2 2t3 dt = i
0

,
1
1i
= zdz )(t it)(1 + i)dt = (1 + i =1
1 0 2

1 1
i
= zdz = (t it2 )(1 + 2it)dt t + it2 + 2t3 dt = 1 +
2 0 0 3

.
3.2.7 zdz = zdz f (z) = z
F (z) = z2
2

1 2

. zdz , zdz z C
. ) F (z) = U ( x, y) + iV ( x, y
1 2

U V
= )F (z ( x, y) + i ( x, y) = z = x iy
x x
 22 3.3
-
U U 2 U 2 U
= x, = = y + 2 =2
x y x 2 y

U , F . .
f [a, b] R F ) x (a, b ) F ( x) = f ( x
x

.F ( x) = a f (t)dt
) 3.2.10 (
,, C
: [a, b] C f , g


( f (z) + g(z))dz =
f (z)dz + g(z)dz . 1 .1

) (t) = (a + b t f (z)dz =
f (z)dz . 2 .2
   
|) f (z)dz  f (z)dz sup | f (z L . 3 .3
z

3 1 2 . , f (z)dz = rei
 
 
=  f (z)dz = r ei f (z)dz

b
= Re(ei f ((t)) (t))dt
a
 b
 f ((t)) (t) dt
a
|)) sup | f ((t L
]t[a,b

3.3
,
, .
3.3.1 z0 C \ z0

1 dz
= ) I (; z0
2i z z0

, n(z ,1) (t) = z0 + eint ,

0
0 t 2 3.3.2 n N

1 dz 1 2
= ) I (n(z0 ,1) , z0 = nidt = n
2i )n(z0 ,1 z z0 2i 0

I (n(z0 ,1) , z0 ) = n
 23

z0
. .
3.3.3 : [a, b] C ) z 7 I (, z .C \

< ) d(z,
4 z0 C \ ) . = d(z0 , ) z B(z0 , 4

> |)|z (t ], t [a, b
4

b
||z0 z
|) |I (; z) I (; z0 | (t)|dt
a (|( t ) z()( t ) z 0 |)
2
| |z z 0 L
16
) I (; z .C \
3.3.4 : [a, b] C z C \ I (, z) Z
C \ .C \

: [a, b] C .z C \ g ] [a, b
x

) (t
= )g( x dt
a ( t) z
g g(a) = 0 ) g(b) = 2i I (, z .g ( s) = ( s()s)z ) ( x) = eg(x

) ( s
= ) ( s) = g ( s)eg( s )( s
( s) z

( )

)( s ) ( s)(( s) z) ( s)( s

= =0
( s) z (( s) z)2
((x)x) z
a = x0 < x1 < ... < xn = b ) .( x j , x j+1
)(a ) ( x1 )(b
= = = ...
(a) z ( x1 ) z (b) z

) (a) = (b
)(a) = (b) 1 = e2iI (,z
C \ I (, z) Z C \ ) z 7 I (, z
)!( .


1 ) b (t
I (, z) = zlim dt = 0
2i a (t) z
 24 3.4
3.3.5
] [a, b R > 0 ) B(0, R ) C \ B(0, R
.

3.3.6


1 + e2it ,0 t
2
(t) = ) 1 + e4i(t 2 , 2 t



1 + eit , t 2

) = (1,1

) (1,1
1 i
I (, ) = 1 , I (, 1 ) = 1 , I (, 5) = I (, 2012i) = 0
2 2

3.4
.
) 3.4.1 (
f ) . B(a, r

f (z)dz = 0
)(a,r

) . f (z) = u( x, y) + iv( x, y f ux , uy , vx , xy
) ux = vy , uy = vx -( .

= u( x, y)dx v( x, y)dy (v x uy )dx dy = 0
)(a,r )B(a,r

= v( x, y)dx + u( x, y)dy (u x vy )dx dy = 0
)(a,r )B(a,r

= f (z)dz )(u + iv)(dx + idy
)(a,r )(a,r

= u( x, y)dx v( x, y)dy + i v( x, y)dx + u( x, y)dy
)(a,r )(a,r

3.4.2 z+2
f (z) = z2 , g(z) = sin z

z2 dz = 0
)(0,1

z2 .C

sin z
dz = 0
)(0,1 z+2
 25

. sin z
z+2 sin } C \ {2 ) B(0, 1
z+2
z

3z6
dz
)(0,2 z1

z31z ) B(0, 2 ) ,1 B(0, 2 6

.
.
3.4.3 f C

f (z)dz = 0

  a > 0
 f (z)dz = a


,L
1
   
   1  , L
 f ( z) dz  
 f ( z) dz  = ) L(1
1 4 2

(n )nN
     
   1   1 L
  f (z)dz f (z)dz ... n  f (z)dz , = ) L(n
n 4 n1 4 2n

(n )nN
1 2 ... n ..., lim L(n ) = 0
n

O limzz0 O(z z0 ) = 0 f z0 .z0 = nN n

) f (z) = f (z0 ) + f (z0 )(z z0 ) + (z z0 )O(z z0
   
a    
n 

f (z)dz =  f (z0 ) + f (z0 )(z z0 ) + (z z0 )O(z z0 )dz

4 n n

) f (z0 ) + f (z0 )(z z0

f (z0 ) + f (z0 )(z z0 )dz = 0
n

3.2.10
 
  L L
 (z z 0 ()O z z0 ) dz |)  n n sup |O(z z0
n 2 2 zn
 26 3.4

a
|) sup |O(z z0
L2 zn
a > 0
lim sup |O(z z0 )| = 0
n zn

3.4.4 f (z) = 1z
C ] 1 = [1 i, 1 i, i

1
dz = 2i I (1 , 0) = 2i , 0
1 z
,1 ] 2 = [1, 2, 1 + i

1
dz = 0
2 z
C 2
) 3.4.5 (
f ) ( f
.

f
) . = B(a, r
= )F (z )f (w)dw, z B(a, r
][a,z

h C ] = [a, z, z + h ) .B(a, r

=0 = f (w)dw f (w)dw + f (w)dw + f (w)dw
][a,z ][z,z+h ][z+h,a

1
= )F (z + h) F (z f (w)dw = h f (z + th)dt
][z,z+h 0

   1 
) F (z + h) F (z   
  = ) f (z f (z + th) f (z)dt
h   0
|) sup | f (z + th) f (z
]t[0,1

h ) .F (z) = f (z f ).B(a, r

3.4.6 f
F . f
) .3.4.5 !(
 27

.
3.4.7 f C f f
.

f . .3.2.7
. .3.4.5 a F

= )F (z f (w) dw, z
)(a,z

) (a, z a z . F
) (a, z . ) (a, z a z ) = (a, z) (a, z

.

f (w) dw = 0 = f (w) dw f (w) dw
)(a,z ) (a,z

h C ] [z, z + h . ) = (a, z) [z, z + h] (a, z + h

= )f (w) dw = 0 F (z + h) F (z f (w) dw
][z,z+h

).F (z) = f (z
.
.
3.4.8 C
\ .
3.4.9 C ) B(0, 2) \ B(1, 21 .
C \ [0, ) 3.4.10 ) B(i, 2 } {z C : 2 Im(z) 4 .
.
.
3.4.11 , C f
.
.
) 3.4.12 (
f C

f (z)dz = 0

 28 3.5

f . 3.4.11 ) . = B(0, 1
. f 3.4.3

f (z)dz = 0

f .

3.4.13 f 1 , 2 1 , 2

= f (z)dz f (z)dz
1 2

= 1 2

3.5

) 3.5.1 (
: [a, b] [c, d] C g : [c, d] C
b
= )g( s (t, s)dt
a

g C1
s g . ,
b
)(t, s
= )g ( s

dt
a s

3.5.2 C fn f . fn
f
lim
n
= fn (z)dz f (z)dz

) 3.5.3 (
a C r > 0 f ) B(a, r ) z B(a, r

1 )f (w
= )f (z dw
2i )(a,r wz

a = 0 . r = 1 ) z B(0, 1

1 2
eit
= )1 = I ((0,1) , z dt
2 0 eit z
 29

1 2
f (z)eit
= )f (z dt
2 0 eit z
[0, 1] R

1 2
( f (eit + s(z eit )) f (z))eit
= )g( s dt
2 0 eit z
g ] [0, 1
|eit + s(z eit )| |eit (1 s)| + | sz| < (1 s) + s = 1

g(1) = 0 g(0) = 0 .

1 (eit z)( f (eit + s(z eit )))eit
2
= )g ( s dt
20 eit z
2
1
= ( f (eit + s(z eit )) dt = 0
2i(1 s) 0

.g(1) = g(0) = 0
= ,z0 0 a
r f ) B(a, r ) 0 B(a, r ) B(0, 1

)g(z) = f (a + rz
g ) ,B(0, 1 .g

3.5.3
. 1 .1 C , .
f ) ,B(a, r R > r f )B(a, R
f F ) .B(a, R

1 )F (w
= )z B(a, r), F (z dw
2i )(a,r wz

F

)(n !n )F (w
= )F (z dw
2i )(a,r (w z)n+1

). f C (
. 2 .2

3z6
dz
)(0,2 z1

f (z) = 3z6

3z6
dz = 2i f (1) = 6i
)(0,2 z1
 30 3.5

3.5.4
)log(z
dz
) (i, 1 )(z i)(z + 1
2

:
,B(i, 1
)2 = ) f (z
1 )log(z
z+1

)log(z)/(z + 1
)dz = 2i f (i
) (i, 1 )(z i
2

)log(i 2i
= 2i =
i+1 1+i

:


)log(z)/(z + 1 1 )log(z 1 )log(z
= dz dz dz
) (i, 1 )(z i 1 + i ) (i, 1 zi 1+i ) (i, 1 z+1
2 2 2

)2i log(i
= +0
1+i

) 3.5.5 (
f .C
I (, z) = 0, z C \

z \
1 )f (w
= )I (, z) f (z dw
2i wz

) 3.5.6 (
r > 0 a C f ) B(a, r ) z B(a, r


= )f (z an (z a)n
n=0

)f (n) (a 1 )f (w
= an = dw
!n 2i )(a,r (w a)n+1

1 )f (w
= )f (z dw
2i
(a,r) w z
2
1 f (a + reit )reit
= dt
2 0 a + reit z
2
1 ) f (a + reit
=
2 za dt 1 reit
0

.1
 31

 
 z a  < 1
  it
re

(
1 z a )n
=
1 zreita n=0
reit

(

2 z a )n
1 it
= )f (z f (a + re )
it dt

2 0 n=0
re

( 2 )
1 it )eint dt (z a)n
= )f (z f (a + re
n=0
2rn 0

1 )f (w
= dw (z a)n
n=0
2i )(a,r
( w a) n+1

) B(a, r ,

)f (n) (a 1 )f (w
= dw
!n 2i )(a,r (w a)n+1

3.5.7 f C a r > 0


= )z B(a, r), f (z an (z a)n
n=0

) ,r < d(a, .

3.5.8 1z ) ,B(i, 21
1 1

z B(i, ), = an (z i)n
2 z n=0

)(n
)f (i (1)n
= an = n+1
!n )(i

) 3.5.9 (
a C r > 0 f ) B(a, r
 ) (n
 f (a)  1
 |)sup | f (z
n!  rn |za|=r
 32 3.5

3.2.10
  ) (n 
 f (a)   1 )f (w 
  =  dw
!n )2i (a,r) (w a n +1
 2 
 1 it  int
=
 2rn 0
f (a + re )e dt
1
|) n sup | f (z
r |za|=r

) 3.5.10 (
f ) ( . f .

} . M = sup{| f (z)|, z C


)f (n) (0
z C, = )f (z
n=0
!n

 ) (n

 f (0)  M
 r > 0, n N,
 n!  rn

r f ,
 ) (n
 ) f (0 M
 lim = 0 , n N
n!  r rn
) f (z) = f (a ,z C f.
sin z, cos z, ez ,
.| sin x| 1, x R
z2 + 1 = 0
,
) 3.5.11 (
P .C

P = |) .lim|z| |P(z
a0 a1
( P(z) = a0 + a1 z + ... + an zn = zn )+ n1 + ... + 1
z n z
P f = P1
lim | f (z)| = 0
||z
 33

M > 0 R > 0 | f (z)| M .|z| > R | | f

) B(0, R . f ,
P .

3.5.12 f C a f m 1

f (a) = ... = f (m1) (a) = 0, f (m) (a) , 0

B(a, r)


)f (n) (a
z B(a, r), = )f (z (z a)n = (z a)m an (z a)nm
n=0
!n n=m

a m f r > 0 g ) B(a, r
) z B(a, r ) f (z) = (z a)m g(z .g(a) , 0

) 3.5.13 (
f C .
. f 0 . 1 .1
. 2 .2 a f (n) (a) = 0 }.n N {0
. 3 .3 } Z f = {z : f (z) = 0 .

. ) .(2
r > 0


)f (n) (a
z B(a, r), = )f (z (z a)n = 0
n=0
!n
A a .Z f . a f
.Z f A A = . a A



)f (n) (a
z B(a, r) b , = )f (z (z a)n
n=0
!n
k f (k) (a) , 0

) f (k) (a


)f (n) (a
f (z) = (z a)k + (z a)nk
!k n=k+1
!n

)f (k) (a
)f (n) (a
= )h(z + (z a)nk
!k n=k+1
n !

h ) B(a, r .h(a) , 0 h > 0 h

) .B(a, a ) f (z) = (z a)k h(z
) .B(a, a .A f (n) (a) = 0 } n N {0 B(a, r) A
 34 3.5
A . A (an )) A .an a V
a N N n > N .an V an f V
f a .Z f .

. f (z) = z+1 g
1 n
f ( 1n ) = n+1
g( 1n ) = n+1 f g = 0 } A = { 1n , n N A . f g
n

P . = |) lim|z| |P(z R > 0

P ) .B(0, R P . a1 , ..., an
P m1 , ..., mn , .
f (n) (a1 ) = 0 n N a1 P .
P
P(z) = (z a1 )m1 ...(z an )mn

f a m f r > 0 g
) B(a, r ) g(z) , 0, z B(a, r
z B(a, r), )f (z) = (z a)m g(z

.
) 3.5.14 (
f C a
|)| f (a)| = sup | f (z
z

f .

3.5.15 C f
sup | f (z)| = sup | f (z)|.
z z

.
3.5.16 C L . f \ L
.

f .

3.5.17 .a f } \ {a a
ef f = ef }. \ {a
 35

{
)(z a) f (z , z,a
= )g(z 0 , z=a
f g } \ {a 3.5.16 g
. r > 0



z B(a, r), = )g(z )an (z a)n = (z a an (z a)n1
n=0 n=1

) ef = gz(za ef
e )g(z
= )f (z = f (z), z \ {a}.
za
36 3.5


4.1
, .
) B(a; r, R } {z C : r < |z a| < R a C .0 < r < R
4.1.1 a C f r > 0 f ).B(a; 0, r
a:
a . 1 .1 g ) B(a, r g = f ) .B(a; 0, r f
) B(a, r ef .g
a . 2 .2 m a ) g(z) = (z a)m f (z
.eg(a) , 0
a . 3 .3 .
f (z) = 22zz+1 ) ,B( 12 ; 0, r g(z) = z g
+z
4.1.2
2

) B( 12 , r g = f ) B( 2 ; 0, r
1

1 )z(2z + 1
(z B ; 0, r), = )f (z =z
2 2z + 1
= a f 1
2
4.1.3 f (z) = 1z C z f (z) = 1
a = 0 . a = 0 f
f (z) = 1z C ef
C

1
dz = 2i
)(0,1 z
4.1.4 f (z) = e z C z , 0
1

1 1 1 1
ez = 1+ + 2 +
1
+ .... + + ...
z 2z (3!)z3 (n!)zn

a = 0 ,e z n N zn e z
1 1

.
37
 38 4.1
m 4.1.5 f ) B(a; 0, r a f m
a ).g(z) = (z a)m f (z
4.1.6 g ) B(a, r

)g(z 1
= )f (z = n (z a)n
(z a)m (z a)m n=0
0 1 m1

= + + ... + + n (z a)nm
(z a)m (z a)m1 (z a) n=m
| {z }

) 4.1.7 (
a C 0 < r < R f ) B(a; r, R


z B(a; r, R), = )f (z an (z a)n
n=

1 )f (z
= an )dz, t (r, R
2i )(a,t (z a)n+1

.
4.1.8 a f f


= )f (z an (z a)n , z B(a; 0, r).
n=

:
f ) a (1 an = 0 n 1 > 0 .1
).B(a; 0,
a (2) .2 m am , 0 an = 0 n > m
= |)lim | f (z
za

a (3) .3 an , 0 n
> 0 )) f (B(a; 0, .C

(1) .1 a . f ef ) B(a, r f = ef
.a ) B(a, r


e
= )f (z n (z a)n
n=0
 39

f = ef ) B(a; 0, r



= )f (z = an (z a)n n (z a)n
n= n=0

an = 0 n 1 . an = 0 .n 1

e )B(a, r e f f f = n=0 an (z a)n
a f ) B(a; 0, .0 < < r
) (1 0 < < r f ) .B(a; 0, 3.5.17
g ) B(a, r f = g a a . f
(2) .2 a m . f

4.1.9 ) f (z) = (z1)(1 z2

.|z| < 1 . 1 .1
.1 < |z| < 2 . 2 .2
.|z| > 2 . 3 .3

f (z) = z3 1
4.1.10
. 1 .1 .z
. 2 .2 .z

. 1 ,z
z3
1
f . } = {z C, |z| < 1
1

f (n) (0) n
= z
z 3 n=0 !n

)!(n 1

1 n
= )f (n) (0 = z
3n+1 z 3 n=0 3n+1
|z| < 1
1 ( z )n 1 n

z 1 1 1
<| | = = = z
3 3 ) z 3 3(1 3z 3 n=0 3 n=0
3n+1

. 2 } C \ {3
3 z 3
.z } = {z C, |z| > 3
1 1
=
) z 3 z(1 3z
 40 4.1
3
||z <1 z
(
1 1 3 )n
=
z3 z n=0 z
4.1.11
z2 ez sin z
= )f1 (z = ), f2 (z = ), f (z
)(z 1)(z i 2 z sin z 3 z

. 1 .1 f1 } .C \ {1, i .a = 1, i
) (zz i ) B(1, 12 2
2

z2

1
= ) an (z 1)n , z B(1,
(z i)2 n=0
2

f1 a = 1
1

a0
= )f1 (z = a (z 1)n + a1 + a2 (z 1) + ... + an (z 1)n1 + ...
z 1 n=0 n z1

a = 1 )( . f1 ,a = i

z2

1
= ) bn (z i)n , z B(i,
z1 n=0
2

f1 a = i
1

b0 b1
= )f1 (z = bn (z i)n + + b2 + b3 (z i) + ... + bn (z i)n2 + ...
(z i) n=0
2 )(z i2 zi
a = i .
. 2 .2 f2 . sin z f2
} .C \ {2k, k Z .a = 2k
sin z = cos z sin 2k = 1 , 0
a = 2k sin z Vk a = 2k
gk Vk gk (z) , 0 z Vk .sin z = (z 2k)gk (z), z Vk
ez
= )f2 (z , z Vk
)z(z 2k)gk (z
) g e(zz a = 0 . f2 k , 0 a = 2k 0

f2 ) z gekz(z .k , 0
2

. 3 .3 a = 0 , f3
1

sin z z2n1 z2n2
= (1)n+1 = (1)n+1
z z n=1 (2n 1)! n=1 !)(2n 1

a = 0 . f3
 41

4.2
, .
4.2.1 a f


= )f (z )an (z a)n , z B(a; 0, r
n=

( z1 .Res( f , a) = a1
1
f a ) a1
4.2.2 a = 0 ,e z
1

1 1 1
e z = 1 + + 2 + ... + n + ...
1

z 2!z n!z
!).Res(zn e z , 0) = (n+1
1
1
.Res(e z , 0) = 1 ,
1

.
.
4.2.3 a f m f a
)[(z a)m f (z)](m1
Res( f , a) = lim
za !)(m 1

4.1.6 ) g(z) = (z a)m f (z

)g(z 1
= )f (z = n (z a)n
(z a)m (z a)m n=0
0 1 m1

= + + ... + + n (z a)nm
(z a)m (z a)m1 (z a) n=m

)gm1 (a )[(z a)m f (z)](m1
= Res( f , a) = m1 = lim
(m 1)! za !)(m 1

4.2.4 4.1.11 f1 a = 1 .a = i

z2 1
Res( f1 , 1) = lim(z 1) f1 (z) = lim =
z1 z1 (z i )2 (1 i)2

])[(z i) f1 (z
2
Res( f1 , i) = lim
zi !)(2 1
z2
[= lim ]
z1
z1
2z(z 1) z2 1 2i
= lim =
zi (z 1)2 (i 1)2
 42 4.2
4.2.5 f3
ez ))ez (g0 (z) g0 (z
[Res( f3 , 0) = lim ] = lim
z0 )g0 (z z0 )g20 (z

sin z z2 z4
= )g0 (z =1 + ...
z !3 !5

g0 (0) = 1 .g0 (0) = 0

Res( f , 0) = 1

) 4.2.6 (
C a1 , ..., an f } . \ {a1 , ..., an
a j < , j = 1, ..., n = ) I (, z z <
n

f (z) dz = 2i ) Res( f , a j ) I (, a j
j=1

4.2.7 f1 4.1.11

])f1 (z) dz = 2i[Res( f1 , 1) I ((i, 12 ) , 1) + Res( f1 , i) I ((i, 12 ) , i
) (i, 1
2

4.2.4
( )
1 + 2i
f1 (z) dz = 2i[Res( f1 , 1) 0 + Res( f1 , i) 1] = 2i
) (i, 1 (i 1)2
2

2i
= f1 (z) dz
) (1, 1 (i 1)2
3

a f2 = 0 4.2.8 f2 , 4.1.11
Res( f2 , 0) = 1

f2 (z) dz = 2i
)(0,1

4.2.9 . R >> 1

z2
dz
R z +1
4

{
Reit ,0 t
= )R (t 2t3
R , t 2

 43

R 0 R ] .[R, R
z z+1 4
2

i 3i 5i 7i
a1 = e 4 , a2 = e 4 , a3 = e 4 , a4 = e 4


z2 4
z2
dz = 2i (Res ) , a j ) I (, a j
R z4 + 1 j=1
z4 + 1

a3 , a4

z2 2
z2
dz = 2i (Res ), a j
R z4 + 1 j=1
z4 + 1

) .z4 + 1 = (z a1 )(z a2 )(z a3 )(z a4 a1 , a2

z2 a21
(Res = ) , a1
z4 + 1 ) (a1 a2 )(a1 a3 )(a1 a4
a21
=
) a31 (1 aa21 )(1 aa13 )(1 aa41
i
e4 1i
= =
)(1 i) 2 (1 + i 4 2

z2
1 i
Res( 4 = ) ,a
z +1 2 4 2

) (

z2 1i 1+i 2i
= dz = 2i = 2i
R z +1
4
4 2 4 2 4 2 2

.

4.2.10

x2
dx
x4 + 1


R .
z2
= dz
R z4 + 1 2

R
x2 R2 e2it 2

dx + = iReit dt
R x + 1 R e +1
4 4 4it
0 2
R 2 2 2it
x 2
Re
dx = iReit dt +
R x 4+1
0 R 4 e4it + 1
2
 44 4.2

 2   2 
 R2 e2it   R2 e2it 
 lim it
iRe dt lim  iRe  dt
it
R  0 R4 e4it + 1 R 0  R4 e4it + 1
2
R3
lim dt = 0
R 0 R4 1

x2
= dx
x +1
4
2

.
4.2.11 ) P( x ) Q( x R deg P + 2 deg Q Q( x) , 0 ) x R
Q ( . a1 , ..an Q

) P( x

)P(z
dx = 2i (Res ), a j
Q ( x )
Im(a )>0
Q )(z
j

4.2.12
3
dx
x2 + 2 x + 2
P( x) = 3 Q( x) = x2 + 2 x + 2 P, Q ,4.2.11

2 48
= Q(z) = 0 z = 1 i
2

3 3
dx = 2i Res( 2 , 1 + i) = 3
x2 + 2 x + 2 z + 2z + 2

4.2.13 > 0 ) P( x ) Q( x R deg P + 1 deg Q Q( x) , 0
) x R Q ( . a1 , ..an Q


P( x)eix P(z)eiz
dx = 2i (Res ) ,a
) Q( x Im(a )>0
Q(z) j
j

4.2.14

cos x
dx
x2 + 1
) z2 + 1 = (z i)(z + i i, i
= 1 P( x) = 1 Q( x) = x2 + 1

eix eiz e1
(dx = 2i Res , i) = 2i =
x +12 z +1
2 2i e
4.2.15


x sin x
x cos2 x
2x + 1
)1 dx )2 dx )3
x2 + 1 x4 + 1 x 4 + 2 x2 + 1
 1435/8/7:
: 1435-1434
: ) (

....................................................... : ...........................:

1
f
)f (z = z2 e z

.1 f .
.2 . f
.3 (z ) N
n n

lim f (z ) = 1
n
n

.4
f (z) dz
)(0,1

) (P f .
n

.1 . C ] C \ (, 0 .
.C )f (C .2 f .
.3 u .
.4 f } C \ {1
f
)(n
}(0) = n!, n N {0

) : (

.1 f a1 , ..., a f m1 , ..., m
n n

f I (, z) = 0 z C \ .


f

)(z n

dz = 2i ) m I (, a j j
)f (z
=1 j

dz

)(1, 12 ) z log(z

.2 .

1 cos x
)1 )d x , 2 dx
x2 + 2 x + 2 x
2 +1

(:

3

-
16 1435
)(
:
:

. 1 . = 1 + i
) (a 16 .log
.z4 = ) (b :
. 2
1e i(n+1)t
, nN
1 eit
.sin t + ... + sin nt
. 3 a C r > 0 u Bra .
log |z|2 B12 .


. 1 .
f C g g f z0 C
f .z0
.C

. 2 C f .
) (a 1 , 2
= f (z) dz f (z) dz
1 2

f .
) (b F1 , F2 f c C .F1 = F2 + c

. 1 C .C \


2
eit
dt
0 2eit 1

,R = Reit , 3 0t
2 . 2

eiz
lim dz
R R z2

-
16 1434

:
:

. 1 .

.R (t) = Reit , 0t
2 . 2

. R
log z dz ) (a z log z
) (b
1
lim dz
R R z2


. 1
2
z
dz
)(z i)2 (z 1

(t) = i + 21 eit , )t [0, 2] (a
(t) = 1 + 21 eit , )t [0, 2] (b

.n N = ) f ( 1n n
n+1 . 2 f

= )f (z 1
)(z1)(z+1
. 1
) (a .|z 1| < 12
) (b .|z| > 1
. 2
2
z +1 1
= )f (z , g(z) = z
)z2 (z i e 1

. 1 f C a m . f a
m . 1f
.(t) = (t, sin t), .C \ t0 . 2

-
17 1434
) 1(
:
:

. 1 .1 f (z) = e z .C
1

Pn , n N f ).(0,1
. 2 .2 C f : C , C f () g
g (w) , 0 .w a )) h(z) = g( f (z a
) f (a .
. 3 .3 C f ) g(z) = f (z .


. 1 .1 f .

f (z) dz = 0 )(0.0.1

.
. 2 .2 C f .
) (a 1 , 2

= f (z) dz f (z) dz )(0.0.2
1 2

f .
) (b F1 , F2 f c C .F1 = F2 + c
,R = 1 + Reit , 0t
4 . 3 .3

cos z eiz
1) lim dz , 2) lim dz )(0.0.3
R0 R z+1 R R (z + 1)2

. 1 .1
{
teit , 0 t 2
= )(t )(0.0.4
t , t 2

, .C
. 2 .2 C \ .(i) = i 2
))log(z . 3 .3 ) ,F (z) = log(z) (z ).(3 3i
(.
. 4 .4 C \

-
23 1434
) 1(
:
:

f (z) = e . z
i
1 .1
.2 |) limz1 | f (z .
.3 } .A = {z : f (z) = 1 ] A [0, 1 .
.4 w C (zn )nN zn 1 . f (zn ) w
.5 g : B(0, 1) C . h ) B(0, 1 .g = eh


.1 .
.2
{
teit , 0 t 2
= )(t )(0.0.1
4 t , 2 t 4

dz
)(0.0.2
z + 2
2

.3 :


dx 2
d
)1 )2 )(0.0.3
x2 + 2 x + 2 0 4 + cos

.1 ) f : B(0, 1) B(0, 1 . f (0) = 0 f (z) = z .|| = 1
.2 .|a| < 1
za
= )a (z )(0.0.4
1 az

.
.3 a || = 1 .|a| < 1
.4 ) f : B(0, 1) B(0, 1 f (a) =
1 ||2
|)| f (a )(0.0.5
1 |a|2

.5 ) f : B(0, 1) B(0, 1 f ( 12 ) = 34 . f ( 12 ) = 43