Certificate Course on PIPING ENGINEERING December 5 - 18, 2007 DESIGN OF JACKETED PIPING T. N. Gopinath Consultant Organized by Piping Engineering Cell Computer Aided Design Centre Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Powai, Mumbai - 400 076PIPING ENGINEERING CELL DESIGN OF JACKETED PIPING 1.0 GENERAL In a Chemical Process Industry transportation of material, especially in fluid form, poses a variety of problems. The problems are more when the fluid is viscous and has to be maintained at higher temperatures than the ambient throughout transport. Variations in ambient temperature from winter to summer also affect the flow characteristics of the liquid, The fluid inside the pipe can also undergo phase changes and the viscosity can change to adversely affect the fluid flow pattern. If it is only the atmospheric changes that create problems, then the temperature variation in the pipe is kept within the acceptable range by heat tracing, If the fluid has to be kept at a certain temperature all throughout the process of transportation, then the pipelines need Jacketing. When a pipe of higher diameter is put over the service pipe, and when heating medium passes, as required, through the annular space ‘T.N.GOPINATH created between the two pipes, then itis termed as a jacketed pipe. The inner pipe is called the core pipe and the outer pipe is called the jacket. The combination of core and jacket pipes shall be selected based on i) The properties of the heating medium. ii) The flow required to maintain the temperature, iii) The criticality of the service. iv) The differential expansion of the core and jacket when the material of construction of core and jacket are different. The jacketed pipe poses problems, in design, fabrication and erection, different from that of the non-jacketed piping. This article is intended to highlight the problems of mechanical design of jacketed piping 2.0 MECHANICAL DESIGN OF JACKETED PIPING 21 Thickness of core pipe: There are two numbers of pipes involved in jacketed piping with different design considerations. The* core pipe is subjected to internal pressure when there is fluid flow through the same. The same pipe is subjected to external pressure when there is fluid flow through the jacket. It could be that these pressures get balanced and the pipe gets relaxed. But for mechanical design, the JacketedPiping worst condition is to be considered. For any cylindrical surface subjected to external pressure, design is more complicate than for those subjected to intemal pressure, Code ASME B31.3 under clause 304.13 specifies that to determine the wall thickness for straight pipe under external pressure, the procedure outlined in the BPV Code Section VIII Division 1,UG- 28 through UG-30 shall be followed.PIPING ENGINEERING CELL When standard piping details are prepared the design length L cannot be exactly predicted. Hence the length to diameter (L/D) ratio of 50 is considered as a standard practice. Since the pipes are manufactured with standard thicknesses, the selection has to be done from the available thickness ranges. The thickness considered for calculation should be after allowing for the mill tolerance and the corrosion allowance. 2.2 Size Combination of Core and _ Jacket Pipe: i) Straight Pipe: The size combination of the Core and jacket pipes are determined by the annular space necessary to obtain the required flow to maintain the heat transfer. In the absence of any specific process data, the following combinations ate most widely used: Tet Core Pipe | 15]20 J2s |40 ]so Js 80 fro0 |iso No (xm) Soe oF Tecket Pipe |s0 |40 ]s0 Jos ]s0 fioo 100 }1s0 fo00 NB (om) ii) Elbows: ‘The bending radius of elbows/bends are so selected that the core pipe and the jacket pipe maintain the same centrelines even at the change of direction, The ideal combinations of the core and jacket bends shall be as follows: ~ JacketedPiping Gore | Bends | Jacket | Bend | Remarks pipe | Radius | Pipe | Radin NB np | s (mm | (am) | cum (om) is | 6 | 40°] 57 | Nore 1 4p_|___| usp 2 | 6 | 40 | s7 | Nore 1 3D 15D. 2s | 1 | so | 76 | Nore 1 aD 1sD. 40 | sr | 6s | 62 | Nore 2 LSD. wD. so | 7% | so | 76 | Nore 2 LSD. 1D. 6s | 95 | 100 | 102 | Nore 2 LSD. wD. so | 14 | 100 | 102 | NorE 2 15D. 1D. too | 152 | 150 | 182 | Nore 2 15D. 1D 1so | 229 | 200 | 203 | Nore 2 LSD. 1D NOTE: §) Use 1,5D(LR) std. elbow for jacket. ii)Use 1.SD(LR) std. elbow for core and 1D(SR) std elbow for jacket. (Refer Fig, 2.1)PIPING ENGINEERING CELL 23° Thickness of Jacket Pipe: Jacket pipes have to be designed for intemal pressure, which the jacket fluid exerts, The formula given in clause 319.4.1 of the code shall be followed ith the standard procedure. 24 — Types of Jacketing: Depending upon the criticality of the requirement, the jacketing of the piping system can be done: (Only on straight pipe keeping all bends and flange welds exposed. | Fig. 2.22 jacket pipe Gi) On straight pipes and elbows but Keeping the flange size same as that of the core pipe Fig. 2.2 (iii) On straight pipes and elbows with flange size that of the jacket pipe. (Reducing flanges) JacketedPiping Fig.2.2¢ This type is used where jacketing requirements are critical. The slip on type flanges are modified to get a sealing of the jacket pipe to achieve a proper welding joint. (Refer Fig. 2.7) 2.5 — Jumper Pipes: To maintain the continuation of fluid flow in the jacket, jumper pipes are provided. The location of jumper pipes on the horizontal jacketed pipe is decided based on the type of fluid in the Jacket pipe. There can be a single jumper ‘or two jumpers and these can be placed in one of the following pattems: =PIPING ENGINEERING CELL Fig.2.3¢ When the heating fluid is in vapor form and no condensation is expected, arrangement as per Pattern I can be used. ‘The arrangement in Pattern II makes the vapor phase as well as the liquid phase continuous and is ideal when steam is used as a heating medium in the jacket. When the jacketing fluid is a liquid under sufficient pressure, arrangement as per Pattern Ill or Pattern IV can be used. The arrangement for connection as per Patter IV is difficult to fabricate, as the hole on the jacket pipe has to be cut to profile. Pattern V shows the arrangement in a vertical pipeline. In all types of arrangements it should be ensured that the jumper joins the jacket pipe at minimum. distance from the breakout flange in order to avoid cold spots due to stagnancy. The jumper should also be provided with dismantling arrangement, either flange joints or unions, flange joint being preferred. JacketedPiping 2.6 Spacers: In order to keep the core pipe concentric with the jacket pipe, supports are provided at definite intervals. These are done by welding flat or bar to the core pipe called spacers. These spacers will be stitch welded to the core pipe, Flats are preferred as the restrictions in the jacket flow are minimum in this case, ‘The arrangement shall be as shown in the sketch below: pe SPACER bine Fig24 NOTES: - i) Material of spacers shall as that of the core pipe. ii) Spacers near to pipe bend should be located at least 1000 mm away from the centerline of bend.PIPING ENGINEERING CELL Spacer Details 27 Jacket Barriers : It is absolutely essential that the Process | Jacket | Dia | Width | Minimum | proper flow of the fluid in the jacket is Ris | pe | ot | ae | span maintained for proper heat transfer, am) | cue | ‘S| AY] | Whenever there is’ a stagnancy oy (any! (am inadequate flow in the jacket, the hot is | 40 | 8 : 1500 spot or the cold spot gets formed which 20 |~40_|~s | —-_] 2000 affects the process fluid flow in the core [25 {30 | 8 || 2000 pipe, To avoid this, the fluid in the jacket 6 ss = z 25te may have to be directed properly. This is ie [a established by the provision of jacket 30 —[ 100} 7s Som barriers inside the jacket. These are 100" | 150} | 19 | 000 mainly used where there are brand 150 | 200 | - 16 “5000 offs, (Refer Fig, 2.5) csr maaan g + iF U sf bem [afar [es = Stress Allowable (S,) = 12767 psig < Stress Allowable (Si) JacketedPiping 2PIPING ENGINEERING CELL Compressive stress in $$ pipe .000514 x 24.8 x 10° 2747 psig < Stress Allowable (Sy) HENCE THE COMBINATION TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE DUTY IS 6" (150mm) NB SCH 80S STAINLESS STEEL PIPE AND 8” (200mm) NB SCH 40 CARBON STEEL PIPES. 5.5 To establish the maximum jacket trimming distance: It is necessary that the jacket is trimmed at definite intervals to ensure the stresses due to differential expansion do not exceed these values The stainless steel core pipe can be equated to a strut column with both ends fixed to establish the maximum distance allowed between two flanged joints, Stress in ss pipe, f = 12747 psi Metal area of ss pipe, A = 8.405 in? Compressive force in the ss pipe, RR = Faa = 12747 x 8.405 = 1,07,138 Ibs Applying Euler's formula for column with both ends fixed (Ref. Brownell & Young) Compressive force, 4071 (eqn. 2.22 Table 2.1) Pr Moment of Inertia (0.49 in’ Distance between two, supports in inches ‘Therefore, 1,07,138 = 4n*x 24.8 x10° x 40.49 Ane x24.8 x10° x 40.49. I 1 /a? x 24.8 x10° x 40.49 1,07,138 = 608.29 inches = 50.7 ft (15.45 m) HENCE THE MAXIMUM JACKET TRIMMING DISTANCE SHALL BE 15450 MM, Unllikg the stress analysis of normal piping systems where most of the checks are done by the software, the jacketed piping system, especially the discontinuous jacketing, needs some additional checks to ensure that the stresses developed are within the allowable limits. JacketedPiping 6.1 While chgcking the stresses due to sustained loading and displacement strains as per clause 3023.5 of ASME B31.3 or 102.3.2 of ASME B31.1, additional stresses developed due to the load at the junction of core and jacket i.e, P/Ac for core and P/A; for jacket, should be added. The same philosophy is 3PIPING ENGINEERING CELL 62 applicable while checking the limits of calculated stresses. due to occasional loads as per clause 302.3.6 of ASME B31.3 or 102.3.3 of ASME B31.1 where P is the force at the junction of the core and the jacket and A, and Aj are the area of the core and the jacket, The weld strengih between core and jacket also to be checked by considering an allowable load Par Area of weld x 60% allowable stress, Area of weld is obtained by multiplying the circymference of core pipe by the root of the weld 63 ie, mx dx (0.707 x weld size). The force developed, available from the computer output, shall be less than the allowable value thus calculated. The trimming length of the jacket shall be established ensuring that the buckling load calculated based on the Euler’s formula is less than the load developed at the junction point of the jacket and the core as available from the computer output JacketedPiping 4