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introduction
1. INTRODUCTION
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TYPES OF ENERGY:
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o original solar
o natural geothermal
o oceanic tidal
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The Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation)
at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while
the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar
light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared
ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet.
Earth's land surface, oceans and atmosphere absorb solar radiation, and this
raises their temperature. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans
rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a
high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds,
which rain onto the Earth's surface, completing the water cycle. The latent heat
of water condensation amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena
such as wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and
land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 C. By
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photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemical energy, which
produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived.
The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land
masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was
more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis
captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The technical potential
available from biomass is from 100300 EJ/year. The amount of solar energy
reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is about twice as
much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth's non-renewable resources
of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined,Solar energy can be
harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance
from the equator.
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Water treatment - Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water.
Thermal mass - Thermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat
from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials
include stone, cement and water. They have been used in arid climates or warm
temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy during the
day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night.
Solar thermal - Solar thermal technologies can be used for
water heating, space heating, space cooling and process heat
generation.
Cooking - Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization.
Fuel production - Solar chemical processes use solar energy to
drive chemical reactions.
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solar inverter
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Project report on solar inverter
2. SOLAR INVERTER
2.1 History of solar inverter:
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3.3 Battery:
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3.4 Inverter:
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WORKING OF
SOLAR
INVERTER
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Electrons and holes a circuit this charge flows around the circuit
diffuse over the border. very quickly.
If you connect the diode to a circuit, this charge will flow around
the circuit evening out the voltage on the two sides, and you
will be left with a region in the centre with no charge carriers.
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WORKING OF
POWER
INVERTER
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5. WORKING OF POWER
INVERTER:
AC TRANSFOR RECTIFI
SUPPLY MER ER
INVERTE BATTERY
R
AC
A power inverter is a device
LOAD
that converts DC power (also known as direct
current), to standard AC power (alternating current). Inverters are used to
operate electrical equipment from the power produced by a car or boat battery
or renewable energy sources, like solar panels or wind turbines.
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coming from the grid. When the power is off, the inverter takes
the DC power from the batteries and converts it into AC used
by appliances. There is an automated switch in the system that
senses if the grid is not supplying power and switches the UPS
into battery mode.
Advantages
&
disadvantages
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2. Environmentally friendly:
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3. Independent/ semi-independent:
Solar Energy can be utilized to offset utility-supplied
energy consumption. It does not only reduce your
electricity bill, but will also continue to supply your home/
business with electricity in the event of a power outage.
A Solar Energy system can operate entirely independent,
not requiring a connection to a power or gas grid at all.
Systems can therefore be installed in remote locations
(like holiday log cabins), making it more practical and
cost-effective than the supply of utility electricity to a new
site.
The use of Solar Energy reduces our dependence on
foreign and/or centralized sources of energy, influenced by
natural disasters or international events and so
contributes to a sustainable future.
Solar Energy supports local job and wealth creation,
fuelling local economies.
4. Low/ no maintenance:
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INSTALLATION OF
SOLAR INVERTER
4. INSTALLATION OF SOLAR
INVERTER:
Installation:
1.Location:
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2.Cabling / wiring:
When making connections to the Solar Inverter you must
ensure that all connections are carried out in a clean and
correct manner and under no circumstances that a cable is
connected to a wrong terminal. Connecting the Solar Inverter
must be carried out in the following order.
2.1 Pre-installation settings:
Before you start with the wiring of the Solar Inverter you must
set the type of battery. If sealed-gel batteries are used then you
must set the parameter P-04 ( Equalization charging ) is
Disable .. In case of normal lead-acid batteries, these can
handle a higher equalizing charge, the P-04 can be set to
Enable ,
2.2 Connection to battery:
Prepare the batteries for connection. Prepare battery cables, if
necessary press on cable tabs/shoes. Connect the red cable to
the Battery positive fuse/circuit breaker and the black cable to
battery Minus (-) Take care when connecting the second cable
to the battery, as a spark is produced, this is caused for a short
time due to high current flowing in the Solar Inverter to charge
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Safety precautions
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&
Maintenance
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Maintenance:
Solar inverter recommends the following maintenance
items to ensure optimum performance of the module:
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