poses " SJ QUALITATIVE ORGANIC ANALYSIS atayrc be clear, colourless and iD known as Sodium Pxtract Experiment 1 extract) if filtro is ao dear, cfdyress and casparent, then repeat the process Detection of Elements gilts a large piece of sodium, odium extract so obtained is used for the Object scetion of elements (N, $ and %) by following To detec the elements (N, Sand XV preentty ethods. ‘organic compound by Lassatgie's rest Detection of Nitrogen Principle @ Treat 1 mt of sodium extract with 1 or2 drops i oe of freshly prepared saturated solution of FeSO, compan, v0 they Uo 9} vrsting ions, eee ere Gait exanenraee e ~2.mimtes. Coal irand a . oe ee peas by drop with shaking el a clear soladon is obtained. Then, add 2 drops of FeCls. Of Pe ee Ihydrochlosic acid is uved in ploce of sulphuric organic compoun the clement inSerganic compound is ss P coer compound. ok fel tar nai of ee cae ot compound rage, tlnagen forms, sodium Ge great Due Dx heats the presse of halog sodium halides. nitrogen. somites oe Nitrogen ‘Sodium evanide ‘Feroe sulphate FR eB — sean per iptiaie NOP 2Na- X, 0 —> Nak Fe(Ol),+ NECN —> Procedure ‘Na, [Fe(GN),]+ 2NaOH betwen folds ofa filter paper. Itis token ina clean Fe{Fe(CN)sJp + 12NaCl ignition tube and then covered with the organic etioote Shheesnca ‘Tha nike is nerths hawtarl in rhe lama‘est of nitrogen a red colour is obtained instead ‘of green of blue due to formation of ferric ‘salphocyanice, SNACNS + FeCl, —> Fe(CNS), + SNaCl ted) Detection of Suiphur (Add 2-3 mab of freshly prepared sodium nicroprasside (colourless) 0 1 ml, of sodium ecrax, Formation of violet or purple colour indicates the presence of suiptns. NaS + NaglFe(CN),-NO] —> Jeena, “wer esa Gi) Add ecetic acid to acidified the sodium exaract. Now a small quantity of lead acetate is added wen eas eee indicates the presence uf sulphur. oa BBB, + 2CHCOONA Detection of Halogens (@ Bail! mL of sodium exeract with 2or 3 of cone FINO,, cool and then, After adding AgNO if (@) White curdy pot fs for soluble in NH,OK, Presence of Cl io. NaCl+ AgNO; + AgCl+2NH,OH — | J+ 24,0 ) Pale ppt is obtained which is parti: ple NEH,OM, then it ‘intlig sence of Bré ion. Ni _— 4 : — Nao, rH,OH —s (Ag(NH,)_]Br + 2H,0 ‘Yellow ppt is formed which is insoluble inNH,OK, then ieindicates the presence of ion. Nol+ AgNO, —> Agll +NaNO, decompose NaCN and N3,S, so that they may mot ncerfere in chis ese NaGN+ HNO, —> Nuvo, + HEN NaS} 2HNO, > 2aNO, +H,S i) Acidify the sodium extract with dil ENO 2 drops of chloroform or carbon tetrachioride’ and shake vigorously with chlo chleroforre layer turns pale bro ‘QNaBe+ Cl, —> Br, + CCL, —> Pale® 2Nal +1 2Naglt by Ty Fen Het colour iment 2 presence of halogens by copper wite and heat its one end in Juminous flare til if erates fo impart green four tothe flemie. Dip the hot wire in the organic ‘compouni to be tested. Again heat, formation of a {green or binish green flome identifies the presence of halogens Several halogen free eompounds such as pytidine, purines, urea, thiowres ete also impart green colour to the flame, 50 the lest is not very reliable. However, production of no green or blue coloitr confirms the absence of halogen. Therefore, the test 8 a confirmative one to show the absence of halogens rather chan ta show its presence, Experiment 3 Detection of Functional Groups Object To detect various Functional groups present in ‘organic compounds, Tests for Carboxylic (--COOH| Group (0 Liernus paper test s Dip blue linmus paper in the aqueous solution or suspension of the compound. It turns red. Gi) Sodium bicarbonate test: Tn ates tube take 2 litle natant nf she mormmeind ne chmss > wat vines of inn sean antatrntga ont sito sian of mien nin stows the presence of COOH group. DROW + (NH, CA(WO, O\eoan 8079 Gi) Evolution Berane acd . nas + amon | CaSO, Filter the solution C_ Jooors + in + oe tube and divide the ftrate . t part, add 2 drops vf acetyl eter formation : Heat 9 small quantity of ide very carelully and expose a ‘organic compound with ethyl alcohol and ‘moist blue litmus peper ac the mouth of lite cone 2,80 Coo! the solution and the test tube, Ifthe compound contains {ina tube containing water. fruity smel to fomaton olan ester, inca «2 seal ron, he th ms paper ease CH,COC+.ROH —+ CH,0008 + Hel (©) To second part, add «small piece of dry sodium. Effervescerce indicates the presence of alooholic group. 2ROH +2Na —+ 2RONR + Het {Gif) Xamthate test : To 1 mi, of the cone aqueous solution of organic compounal add pelletes of KOH. Heat and coo). Then, add 1 mi of ether followed by te uddhion of 2-3 drops of cazhoa disulphide. Fonuation of a yellow ppt indicates the presence of alcahelic group. ROH + KOH —+ ROK + H,0 S ROK +08, —> roc sk fallow pp) Filter the above solution and to 1 rn}, of the fiteate add 0.5 ml, of ammonium molybdate ‘solution and excess of dil HCL Production ofa red of bive colour confinns the presence of alcoholic group. (ip) Kucas test : This test is used to distinguish Derween primary, secondary and tertiary() Formation of turbidity after 45 min sbows the presence of secondary aleohots. (6) Tf sotution remains clear, then primary aleohol is present, Tests for Phenolic (Ph—OH) Group @ Fertie chloride test : To aqueous or aleohotic solution of compound, add few trops of ferric chloride (FeCl). Formation of green, blue ot violet colour shows the [Presence of phenol BC JHGOH + FeCl, —> SHY + [Fe(OC,H, J] + 3HCL vain! (ii) Liebermann’s nitroso reaction : Fuse a Tiedle amount of compound with # crystal of NeNO, in a test cube. Cool dhe mixture and add 1 mi, cone H-$0,. A decp green to biue solution is formed which turns red when poured in a large excess of water. The red Aqueous solotion becomes again deep green ‘or blue if made alkaline with NAOH, It sh the presence of phenol, ‘and add 0.5 ml.cone HC! solution, ditute it with water, cool in a freezing bath and add ‘dilute NaNO, solution while shaking. In a second test tube take the organic compound and add excess of 2N NaOH solution. Now add the covtent of both the test tubes. Formation of a dye of orange or red colour indicates the presence of phenolic group, (Gv) Phthaiein test: Meat congenic compound with phthalic anlivinide and a mmc H.$0, for one minute. Cool and KE it alkaline a few drops of the of water. Formation ws che presence of amount of ou ef }— Pe io vat tie ete £6 Ch oi Pheneipthalain in slave med (Ged cai) Redcolour Phenol, e-cresol Blue colour —_Cateehol Fluorescent green — Resorcinol Green = o-naphthel Tighe green — naphthol Tests for Aldehyde (CHO) Group G@_ Tollen’s reagent test : Take a litde quantity of che compound in a test tube and add 2 mL of freshly prepared reagent. Shake, warm and allow the contents t stand for 2-3 minutes. Formation of silver mittor or a grey ppt Indirares the necence nf an aldahudin nensin2Agt Stver mior ory aot +ROOONH, 1 8NH,+H.0 il) Febling’s solution test : Take a mixture of equal amounts of Febling’ solution A and 3, and afew drops of organic compound an boil the contents. Formation of a red ppt shows the presence of an aldehyde. 2Cu0-+R-CHO —>s Cx 2Ag(NH,),OH+R-CHO —> 4+ RCOOH Pe. Gil) SchifP's ‘reagent test : Add crganic compound to 2 mL of Shake vigorously. Afier some of @ deep red or violet the presence of an aldehydic, arch, “Hse (iv) Benedict's solution test : Boil the ‘compound with 2-3 nil of Renedier’ solution fox few minutes. Appearance of u red-yellow ppt confirms the presence of aliphatic 4 2rnL of the rageor and one H.S0,. Shake vigorously, heat 9) 20d allows to stand for about S ut A yellow or orange ppt separates out of a compound containing carbon! up duc co formation of respective drazones. deco ennn {Sn cate compound NOx 24 Dinitro pheayl hydtazine > cennN NOgl + 1,0 RO “illow or aauge ed coloured eytallne derivate of 2: 4 dinopheng! hycrzine of cuboogl comp Sodium bisulphite test : Add 2 very small ‘quantity of oiganic compound 16 1 ek of saturated soliton of sodium bisulphite and shake vigorously. Formation of white ppt shows the presence of carbonyl group. demons eC Sextury bisuiphie ‘dorvative of| Ga carbonyl compound Gohite ryvaltne 90Tests for Primary Amine (NH) Group @) Carbylumine test: Boil a litle quantity of the compound with 2 drops of chléroform and 2 sa, of alcobolic caustie potash, An intolerable offensive odour of carbylamine indicates the Gi) Rimini test: organic compound, add freshly of nitrous acid and then ade To about 03 g of the compound taken in a test tube add $ mi of, water, 1 inl acetone and few drops of sodi iwoprusside. Allow to stand for 2 mi Formation of a violet red colour s presence of aliphatic primary amine, presence of primary amine. phenol and cane H350,. Onvheabing = blue R—NH, +CHCL,43KOH > Rene? colouration whieh ro reg on chon with eee ciivlnmne water and black i confirms the ine, presence of sec: + SKI + 28, 2 est for Tert (> N) Group i) Dye test: Dissolve about 0.2 g of the compound in dil HCl and cool, Now, add 10% aq NaNO) solution, Pour alf this content intwa becker ‘containing alkaline —p-naphthol solution. Formation of a red ur orange dye indicates the presence of aromatic primary amino group. oft Ouue wano, «ana, 2 ‘ofins a ath. Development of a red or purple thin 2-3 minutes, indicares the presence ‘amine, ts to Distinguish between Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Amines Nitrous acid test : Prepare a solution of nitrous acid by adding ice cold dil FCI c0 a solution of 198 aq NaNO,. Add gradually this solution to 0.2 g of the argante compound in 10 mi dl FC) (9) Formation of brisk effervescence shows the presence of aliphatic peimary amine. RONH, + HNO, —> ROH+H,04N,T () Tormation of an oily dark coloured liquid indicares the presence of secondary amine, R San Ho, R Second nen Sees ‘Mroaa carmpennel (oly)(© No reacion indicates the presence of aliphatic tertiary amine while production of green or brown colour indicates the prevence of aromatic tertiary amines, (WD Hinoborg’s test : To about 02 g of the ‘compound, add 1 ml. ef 5% NaOH and 3 ml, pyridine. Shake well end add few drops of Deazene sulphony| chloride with continuous shaking. (2) Tormotion of yellow colour indicates presence of primary amine. (b) Formation of ormnge colour shows t ‘presence of secondary amine, (€) Formation of a red or shows the presence of PREPARATION OF St NIC re 's salt or ferrous ammonium “8H,),S0,- 6H} , yhen solurions of ferrous sulphate and nium sulphate are mixed together, iporated and cooled, very light green coloured crystals of ferrous ommonium sulphate are obtained (NH, 3,80, + P80, 4 6H ~— FeSO,; (NH, ),$0, 64,0 erred anon Sulphate ,adg.13 ¢ of ammonium ete show sien, cooling. Separate the = the folds of filter papers. Resu ce : Light green crystals. PARATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Experiment 5 Acetanilide Object To prepare acetanilide from aniline, Principle Amines containing NH, aad >Mii groups respectively can be directly acetylated. Their reactive hytirogen atoms get replaced by the acetyl group (—COCK,) 0 give acetyl derivatives of the (ype RNI-COCH, and R,N-COCH, respectively which may be regarded es mono and dally! substituted acetamide. RON + (CHCO),0 —> RNH-COCH, 1 CHCOOH “The mechanism of this reaction is as follows:x 4g LC phan A ream o iW = Cpe ofan powtlide Fist method Reagents Asitine = sm. Asti anhydride = — Sam. Beste acid — $m Zines = 00252 Procedure ‘Take 5 mL of aniline in a 150 mb conical a and add 10 mL of 8 mixruze of equal volumes ‘mL. acete anhydride and 5 nul, acetic seid by 0.025 g zine. New fica veflux water and boil the contents gently for minutes. Now pour the hot miztaraing cold water with continuous stining. rapidly exystllses, Filter a with cold water Sm 45 ml, 64 a (6.95 9) 858 Procedure in a 400 mL beaker containing 250 mL of ‘water, take 1 mL of cone LiCl and 5 mi. of aniline. Sir the solution and now (0 it add redistilled acetic anhuriride (f 4 if) aad stieatmsin anal immnaiiately ‘pour it into a eolution of endiam anetare (prepared by dissolving 8.6 y of crystallised CH,COONa in 25 ‘tL of water), Piace the beaker in ive bath and stir, vigorously. Colouriess crystals of almost ecetanilide separate out. Filter at pump and with cold water. Dry on # porous plate paper in alr and weigh, On recrystalltsation from about 230 boiting water (concaining 5 mlsaf Tnethyl spirit), snow white leafers are oft Result Ci) Weight of the is (4 Weight of the 4 acctaniice = s Gi) Yield EC) 60) MP « ow white leaflets Hon: lus reduces the coloured impurities cot In aniline and also heips to prevent oxidation of aniline during the reaction. i) A arge amowu. of acetic anhydride and continued healing is however, avoided otherwise amounts of the diacetyl derivatives ace fore (il) The solution of anilie in conc HEI should not becoloured. fit isso, then it should ve heated ‘with carbon for 5-10 miaues and Eltered. Moi srt bi ye omy Roe toe 9 day ara sacl ard Spe pinch pen he es oh the Re KALCO -wci 1,0. it fouls mane ef i itty, Tae why ab acay a aba of cit ind nce eaten Sample. Experiment 6 p-Nitro Acetonilide ‘Object To prepare penitro svetanilide fromPrinciple ‘When acetanilide is rented with 2 mixture of cone HNO, aid cone H,SO., it gives palo acetanilide alongwith 2 litte amount of o-lsomer. Jn this process fuming HNO, in the presence of conc H,S0,, gives nitrontam ion (NO3) which mack on acetanilide to forma p-nitto acetanilide through the cyclopentadienyl cation intermediate) formation, HNO, +HSO,—> _NO3 ‘Siraniuze fom +H0+H80, Procedure Dissolve 10.0 g of acetanilide in 10.4 mL of glacial acetle acid, taken in 100 mt beaker (warm vw gemma, ong Gade acetanilide is precipitated. The prrduct{is dilotes ‘with 100 mLof cold water and al stand for 10min, o-nicro aoetanilidesta ite amount formed) oes into the scluti posomer remains insoluble. Filter Goroughty with cold water and (rain crystallise 1 g of it from aleohe "he crude p-nitroncetanilide = Precautions (© The temperature of the fase containing reaction mixture should be maintained below ws. (i) To get goad yield, reagents should be of pure quality. (Wi) AL the reagents ave concontrated, so used ‘very earefully. Experiment 7 Aniline Yellow Object ; ene Ree dla anid bensen Principle ‘When diazo amino benzene is heoted with aniline and a Hite amount of aniline hydrochloride Srahowr ane: for a short rime, ft elves b-amine azo(Qo amiue 370 benzene ‘The mechanism of the reaction is based on the equilibrium involving the diazo amino compound, phenyl diazoniam chloride and aniline, se Varer = cmt Omen) teen aE ‘The tsaction takes place between the 19a later compounds under weakly acidic conditions. Oxe Ou = Senrene diszoaiin conde Alive niline and tot wd 2.5 ine hydrochloride, warm ‘sional shaking on a watcr for'about one hour. Now ellow the 4 at room temmpersture for next 14 tal of gl ecetic acid which has been uted with an equal volume of water al di) acetic acid), Shake the contents sly and allow again to stand for another 15 . Fiver the crude product at purap, wash with warer aud dry. Recrysuallise 1g irom CCl, oF dilalcobol. @) Weight of YOO = na Gi) Yield 3.5 g Ge) MP, 125°C (9) Colour: Yellow crystals. recrystallised aniline Precoutions ) After the addition of acetic acl miintuere, it should 5 time in onder to con the form ofits warcsy Gi) To get good ic used should be of ee fib lor we a “Acetone when treated with potassium iodide id sodium hypachorite {NaOCH, gives iodoform. NeOO+ KI —> NsOl+ KCL He le Some + aor — demo nye Bye 2898, cHCOONA+ CHI, fede of aniline in Reagents Acetone 2g. xt 20a 5%) 76 S0m1 Procedure ‘Take the solution of 7.5 g of potassium iodide (bs 125 aol of water) in 2 200 mL rvund boom fla. Now add 2.5 mL acetone to it, Now stir the content and udd slowiy 5% NaOCl solution with frequent shaking, til the complete precipitation uf iodoform (about 70-80 mL are requized) occurs, Allow the contents to stand for 15 minutes and flker the product at pump, wash with cold water and recrystallise 1 g of i from alcohol.(4). Weight of recrystallised iedoforrn =. Gi) Wield + 4g (i) MB (§) Colour: Yellow crystais Precautions To get good yield teagemts should be of pure quality preferably of OH, TITRIMETRIC EXERCISES: Experiment 9 Na,CO, vs HCI Titration {C0, seandard gotunigh age find out the strength of che sppMiedadia.CO, solution using hydrochiorec agidagan imermediane solution. Principle The tization Oh Na,gO, w HCL is a seuratizaion “CRaddy —(acidimetry and clklimetty) high Involve the neutralisation of an facie with, 2 Bae. <2 Sodium carbonate is attacked by ail H@linghe following way Viigo) 2HEL —> 2Nacl+ 4,04 00,7 indisttor Viedhyl orange (Dissolve 1 y of methyl orange nL water) End Point “Appesrance of light pink culour. lntermedicte Sclution Intermediate solution (HCI) can be prepared Ine ditntine ennrentrated “hydrochloric acid one Procedure Rinse the Durecte with Mteméite HCL solusion and Al with it Remove tbenif bubbies, iF there, by opening the ss9ack. Now piperte out 20 rl. of this sodium cathungte goletion in a conical flask and add 2-3 deopSef mefhy\ orange indicator. ‘Then, graduallyadd FGI Soliton trom che bueette into the solutionof comical. flask with continuous shaking ul alien pisk colour just appeors. Light pink opldbr wil iagicate eke end-poinc. Repeat the progifs rill ongbrvrent readings are obtained. ‘Now, wash che pipette with warer and rinse it ity supplied Na,CO, volusion. Pipette out 20 mL, cf tllggolution ia a clean conical ask. Repeat the Tiygtion, using the sume HCl solution in the bufette, as usual. ‘Observations () Weight of empty weighing tube. (x) = 8 Gi) Weight of weighing tube NB LO) = erro B (Gul) Weight of sodium carbonate (Nu,CO,)(2)= YORE cok, iv) Volume of HCl used with 20 mL of known (prepared) Na,CO, solution (¥) Volume of Hci used with 20 mt of unknown (supplied) Na,0O, solution.Fess Weight of Na,00, in 100 mt, en Nosalicy of Na,CO, (prepared) sirength (g/L) wt of oxalle acid . (@) Kor the titration using standard Na,CO, solution Lil) For the Gtration using supplied Na_CO, selution Srrength of Na;CO, im y/L-N,* Ea, we. of NaCOq~.....9/E Resutt soluuon is .. 3/1. Note: (0 i wleniary a ‘dications mirinly dopants age he pink vd alkalies ised. Mele! same oe igor tiny india 1 fa iat piv ‘vert as arr weak soled. Oxalic Agi Obj ae x oralie acid standard solution our the strength of the supplied oxalic acid 198a using potassium permongae ss un ermediate solucion, incipte ‘This is an cxample of Redox titrations, in Which a reducing agent (as oxalic acid) i esimsved. by crtaring it witha standard solurion of oxdising ageat fas KMinO,). Such reactions are accompanied by the change in valency of fons. Tu these durations oxidation and reductian rakes place smulaneously ie, while one substance is idee, the orice one is being reduced. 2KMAD, + 34.50, —> K,$0, + g8ingo, ‘xidesing cy : rst Sent Indicator The last in), self acs as an indicator (5 End Point 1 lok colour F atotion O27 g of KMnO, (potassium mre) in 200 ma, measur tak wih water pepe solaion oF KINO. lution of KMnO,, is an intermediate solution. Standord Solution Dissolve 0.525 g of ovale acid (AR} in @ 250 ‘mL measuring flask with distilled water to prepare a standard solution of oxalic arid (approx. 2 Procedure ‘Rinse the burette with intermediate solution of KMuO , and fll the buretne with if there ws any ait bubbles io burette, then remove them by opening the stopcock. Rinse the pipette with oxalic acid solution and diaw out 20 Ink of i in a clean conical Mask Add exe fall test tube of dil H,S0, in it and heat the sk to 70°-B0°C, Gradually add KMnO, colucion frvm the bburette into this warm solution with contiauous shaking tl light pink cofour just appears, Repeat ‘his process until concurrent readings are obtained. Now wash the pipette with water and rinse it ‘with supplied {anknown) oxalic acid solution. Now pipette out 20 mL ofthis sclution im a clean conical flask, Repeat the tivation, using the same KMnO, solwtion it the bureite, as usual,Observations (Weight of empty weighing tube Cx a (Weight of weighing tube + oxatic acid BLD) £ Gil) Weight of oxalic acid (HCO. Xa) =y - x: g Gy) Volume of KMnO, used with 20 mL of known (prepssed) oxalic acid solution Coleuiatiohs WaWeinne of oxalic acid dissolved in 250 ml, Theasuring flask — 2 g Weight of acd in 31000 280) Normality of oxalic acid (prepared) Strength (9) 1. Fg, we. of oxalic acid oxalic 1000 mi. wy Nx 207, ff Nye AN (ii) Tor the titration using supplied oxalic acid solution dik NE AY, offticacig MKMRO, fH, = NT Cchlepowsy a4 x Scenfih of oxalic acid in x/t. soe. of ‘kalic acid wh Result ‘The srrength of supplied oxalic neil solution ts BAL Precautions i) Toe oxalic acid solution with dil H,SO, Is heated to near abo 70° 80°C. Gi) Sulphuric acid should be ia excess otherwise w brown ppt due to formation of Vint, vil be formed. (ii) This tinarion cannot be carried out i presence of acid like HNO, and HEL bcaine HINO, ilself i an exicising agent. so it will interfere with the uxidising action of KMa0, and HCL reacts chemically with KRinG, sohution. Experiment 14 FeSO, -(NH,}2S0, -6H,0 (Mohr's sali} vs KMnO, Object Prepare (Mobr’s sall) standard solutioa and find our ewe x ferrous ammonium suipboce 30 2sult) is ferrous sulphate, which is onidised ro ferric sulphate by acidified potasslua permungemate as follows. 2KMnO, + 34,50, —+ K,$0, + 2Mn80, 3H + sto) [2FeSO, +H,80, + [0] —+ Fe2(S04)5 HOLS THRO, + 611,50, +1080, —> KS, +2Mn80, + 5ke,(50,), + 8H,0 indicator The lust drop of KMinO, itself sets as an indicator (cel indicator). End Point Appearance of light pink colour Intermediate Solution Dissolve 0.2107 g of KMnO, (potassium permanganate) in 209 ral, measuring flask with Aistiled water to prepare solution at KNInO ys & solution of fond, is an intermesiane sofia Standard Solution Dissolve 3.2666 g ferrons ~-nimonitinfeolgRace, (Qsubr's suit) (AR) in 250 mal. aga iing Rae wath, distilled water 0» prepare a standlaRPolution of neatly 2 ferrous axanonflry Bupha. Procedure Rinse the ured withdimermediace slution at k24nO and ll with 1F hurette conrains any air bubble, Uglfmatuve © by opening the stoparck Now, inde th&*pipctte with standard feerous ara dig Wlphate soluxion andl aravr aut 20 ml, Offhin aletritonical flask. Add one small test ube RAT VGSO, ond titrate with KbtnO, taken in bute. in the beginning KMnO, should be added infos with constant shaking. Ar the end poinc “whoo all the ferrous salt has been axidised, the ‘ight exress of KMnO, will make the solution light pisk, the tiration is repeated si comeurrenr readings are obtained Nowr wash the pipet with water ant use it with supplied unlaowa ferrous ammonium sulphate solution and pipette out 20 mi, of this soturion in w clean conical flask. Repeat the tiration, using che same KMnO,, solution én the burette, 95 usual Observations (0) Weight of empty weighing eabe (2) 2S (i) Weight of weighing whe Al fers ammonium sulphate (y) =... (iB) Weight of ferrous ammdgium Vpulphate z liv) Volume of KMInO, Red with 20 mL of Imown (prepared) ferrélis ammonium sulphate () Volume of KMaO, used with 20 mL of unknown (supplied) ferrous ammonium Caleulotions @ Weight of ferous ommonium sulphate dissolved in 250 ral. measuring Hask== =... weight of ferrous aunmeniuma sulphate in 1000 mat 1000 250 =g/LNormality of ferrous ammonium sufpbate (prepared) e Strengin(g/L) Eq. wt of ferrous emmoniom sulphate “goa (Gi For the titrations using standard ferrous ammonium sulphate sotution Nn = NaY Mobrssalt KMnO, non) Fagg NX Maa Mx... Nast ii) For the titration using supplied ammonium sutphete solution Na¥y = Navy sramoninm — snighe fers (unknown) vy =Nad N= Surength of ferrous BL aN, x sulphate in ammoniom ° sulpiate rs Result ‘oP supplied Mobr’s salt solution is titration is carried out at laboratory perature, Sulphuric acid should be present in excess otherwise a brown ppt cue to formation oF MnO, will be formed. QUALITATIVE INORGANIC ANALYSIS Experiment 12 Principle O Acidic vate or wnions Af frst @oup, when eared with dil HS0., a with characteristic colour, On the basis of action of these gases e identified. group t radicals Reuctions involved in the test of corberate ico?) () Na,CO, + 2110] —> 2Nacl +HO+ CO, cai, “doula ‘r (Ca(OH), +60, —> CaCO, v calc eatbonate ale) +p Gi) CaCO, + H,0 + 00,foneess) —> CHHCO): ‘aun iestbouate {eolourles)ine Bi a Se Reactions involved in the test of nitrite (NOz) {@ NaNO, + 11,80, —+ NaSO, + 2HNO, SHINO. —— HNO, + 2NOT +60, 2N0+0, —> 2NO,T Grav GD -2KI+2NO, —+ 2KNOy ble 1, + starch —-» Blue cafour Experimefff"13 Reactions involved in the test of sulphide Analysis of Second Group,Anions (7) Object © NaS +HSO, —>H$+NaS0, To identify, dif acidic radicals or anions of (i) (CH,C00),Pb+ HS — hey group second Lie, CL “BR, Fr, NOSi. 2CHCOOH princi (il) Na,S + Na,[Pe(CN),NO] —> Agidig r@tticals o1 anions of second gronp give sedi ahoopesise auespabee ith di acdsbur with cone acids, they Na,[Fe(CN),NOS] __ eVive gases with characteristic colour and smell, ‘Soci thioniroprasidg/™thus tan be idernified by using cane acide, Co Tests for the onions of group iI radicals me uate: HBO, Gre Hats Ghia ge eg: ete i White datice 9 GF fod fangy sak Pen WiNeel ai Moved 9" poop Heats. the Sreetiotiye 2: or Pani wh “og, tC com oe Jose So pitigestgus | liseyohiodNO, —— AgBr & + NNOs Pale yellow + 2NH {OU ——> [Ag(NH),18¢ + 2H,0 Dianne rer OD ae Reactions invalved in the tes (cr) NaCl H, nat cents (i) HCE NAY nhat+ap We Fes a {Oye 3H,S0, -—> 2NAHSO, + MnO, +2H,0+ C17 Yellvih- ween yl chloride test NaCl + K,G1,0; ~ 3HS0, — : 210-015 ‘Chron cnitide ‘oronge v2 + 2Na,S0, +4805 +2HD CrO,f, + ANAOH —+ NayesOsNSO, + 2M —> hT +80, + 24,0 FeS0,+NO- >FeSO,-NO Viet Ferme treo ‘vapours: sulphate (i) 2Kat+ 2an0, + 38.80, —s 1,1 + 2NaHs0, ‘eo Hg) FMnS0, + 25,0 Experi (i) by + starch — + Blue colour periment 14 Gy Natt AgNO, — gt 1s aN, Anolysis of Third Group Ajtions Object To identity the anions of gRyphird [503 4, Principle Thitd group radlade 28 identitied on the has of precipitare gbtiineds seats Tes for Group lil radicals ce Daag eh Fie ¥ + Rh Heat GLE, es sadn ak eg: Bhatt Reactions involved in the test of sulphate ( sor) Reactions j@Velvad in the test of nitrate (9 Ne80, +00, — + BAS0, 4-4 2NaCd (NOs) Bas0, © QaNOYHSO, — Natiso, +11NO, (®) (CHCOOYPb+ Naso, > Peso, on) + 20H,COONa BNC, —s 4NO.4 +0, 1 = 24,0 Sein GM cu + srO, —+ 20uNo,), + 2x07 Experiment-15 “48: Analysis of Basic Radicals by Dry Tests 2N0+0,-—+2NO,7 (tt) Ring test Object SHeSO, + 2HNO, + 3,80, — > 3Fey(S0,), ev 10 Hentify basic radicals or cations ita mixtureFlame Test PPrineiple : This test ishased upon the fact that inva state of high ionisation of chloride some of the cations impart characteristic colour ro the flame, as the cation absorbe energy from the Dame and transmit the same as light of characteristic colour. Procedure : Make a loop at che tip of platinum wire vound the point of pencil and clean it by cone HCL, Now take some of the paste of substance Gubsance + 23 drops cone HCD) on it and introduce it into the edge of = nomlumines bunsen flame. Observe the colour of Maine Observation Bor SeBbad Test Srinciple : Borax (N28,0,-10H,0} 0 strong pabeing, fist loses its water of aystalisation and ben sheinks co form a transparent xlassy bead of sodium metaborate {NaBO,) and boric anhydride B02). NazhOy 10,0 —+ Na;B,0, ~ 10,0 Nak, —+ 2NaBO.+ BOs CuO + BO, —+ CaGOy}, CuSO, +0; —> CulBQ,), #80, * ‘ ee ‘hue wher cold) (b) Reducing fale acutbogfee Swdcupo,— 2,0, +cot ‘Cuicteds cot LDL 201-80, Proteduite : Make a loup at the tip of the wire, pean the flame and dip it into borax powder. Fiegr i strongly when borax loses its water of exytaulisatin, swells up and is finaly converted Hnco a transparent glassy bead. Now shis bead is rooched with mixture under exemsination. Heat the bead strongly in non-tuminous flame and then in {minous fame. Experiment 16 Analysis of Basic Radicals by Wet Tests Object Toidennybaste radia uc cation ty wet tests.‘Tests for the cations of various graups Reactions involved in tho test of (cu) (Ouch +E > cust + kt ae (8) 30u5 + SHO, — 3 +2Not +38! Sano CutNO,), + 4NH,OH 9" ICefNbe) AOO-Ye + aH. 4cH,COOK + (NO,), + 4CH,COONH, 4{FeCCN},] —> GugFe(CN), + + 4kNO, Gotber borate ‘erate 0D (Checaa e) Reactions involved in the fest of lead (Ph™* G) Po(ND gy + 2HCL —y" Phelps 48H GD(@) PhCL, +HSO, —+ PESOYL+ ©) Poo, +K0, eS 2k (6) POC, + 2kT —> Pbip ‘eAleasReoctions involved in the test of iron (Fe**) and aluminium (Al) For iron (i)2ReCL, + BHNO, —> 2Fe(NO,)) Fe ne (ood red oto) 4 K[Fe(CN) | —> Fe,[Fe(CNDg] sf = 12KCL ethic ferocvanide (Deep bined y+ INHOH —> AKOHSt nie + 2NU,C Naa, seus inece ‘uaiaare + 211,0 (Gi) NaAIO, + NEL HO, —+ ALOH}g% ial + NH i) ACOH, + NAOH —> Reoetions involved in the test of nickel {Ni*"} and zinc (Zn?") For nickel © Nic, +1s — Nish + ICL Mack (1) 3NiS + 24ND, + 6HC] —+ ANCL, + 2NOT uae +38 +4np HyCC==NOH + 2NEOU + NiCla Nickel imeshygbyoxime hed) + 2NEACI + 2H,06 Nox2n, + HS —> Z5 + 2008 Reactions involved in the test (Ba?) ond calcium (Ca?') For barium @ BaCl, +NH,),CO; — JB osnicl GW) 24€0, + 2CH,COpH — ha +H, -co,t can (cH, 1 > BaCIO,L "Yan! + 3CHCOOK For each $H,)xCO, —+> Ca00,$ 4 INH CI wake 1+ SCH,COOH —> (CH,COO),Ca +H0+00,7 (CH{COO), Ca + (NHC, —r Cacs0,d GN CoRCOO cs + I D{C39, —r CaCO, +3CH,COONH, Reactions involved in the fest of ammonium ion (NHA} (©, NE,G+ NaOH — + vaci+H,0+ NET (@ NE +1ICl — NH,clt White fas Gi) -2K.Hgl, + 3NAOH+ NHOH — Perhsim ereor orie cliasers expan He | +4KL+ sNar+ 3H.0 it ide of Mints hase Bree) He:1. Phepolphthsleln. is, an indicator for weld-base titration, it exists 35 (@) benzenold form in avid and quinanotd fom in besic solution (b) quinonoid form in acid and benuenotd form sn basic eokution () quiawnola form in bach (@) benzenoid form in both 2 Which stanement is correct? (@ For gives brown colour with ammoni ‘hionyanate () Fe gives blue precipitate with pot fecricyanide (© Fe™ gives browns colour wit p fersicyanid (a) He gives red clay 3. Four sarapies of aciés ss ake taken for an experiment () 1oay. of MN misof 1M HCL 2) 100 ml. of HS0,: @ i M KOH and 100 mL of 1M ° 1.000H and 100 mi}. 0f 1M 5.1 KOH and 100 mL oF 0.5 Mt cb snple enthalpy of neutralisation is 1, Now the resul: shows that ‘enthalpy of neutvaisation cxlcalsted in each ‘case if founel same {hp in ease (1) and (@, the value of enthalpy of newralication & same fe) incase (1), (2) and (4) the value of enthalpy calculated i same (d) the value of enehalpy calrulaed is different {or each sample 4, Which of the following will noe give Lassaigne's 6. During the px acetanilide from aniline 2 sraall aif % added to the reuctlon {) zinc ifuces the Previptation c) reduction of uni‘ine during s the coloured impurities in the ‘md also prevems its oxidation a ig the reactian tae frm a white cman comple with aaline an aqueous sohtion of colouess met sulphate ‘Ad gven awit poespave wth NH OH, Tal was sofuble in excess of NH,OH. On ratsing HS ‘rough tis solution 2 bite pe is formes. The sera Win the salts (a) Ca (b) Ba OA (@) 20 8. in the tirwion of cxalie acd ¥¢ potassium ‘ermangenat, potenstam permanganate Ac 4s (a) external Indicator (b) self indicator {© reduce (2) both (D) ent! (¢t 9. In wre preparation of patico acetanilide Som aniline, niration is not done by nitratiog mixture fu iarure of cone H.S04 and anc HNOs) eons (a) om itration gives omen acetone (0) ieghesw mtu of o and puto ale (©) AH group aor oitied {@ nt forme 2 piseure of © and pnite acetanilide 10. i die reaction of KMIn0, wit an oxalate in Seidl medium, MaQ, f redwed 10 Ma" ard Gof isoxidised to00,, Hence, So mL 0F0.08%1 Kn i etal () 100 mL of 0.1 MUL-O, 0B) $0 mL oF 0.2 44 HCO,12. 13. 14. 16, ata 18, (©) in cold water egg albumin mix well whereas yolk ge: separated (@) cold water fs purest form of water ‘Which of the following compounds eannot used in preperation of todoform? (3) CHCHO (b) CH COCHy (0) BHO (@) 2-propanol In Lasssigne’s rest, the organic compound is fused with a piece of sodium metal in order £0 (2) increase the ionisation of the compound fb) decree the melting point of the compound (© conver the ionic compound into 2 mixture of covalent compounds (@ conver: the covalent compound into a ineure of ionic compounds In the kinetic study of reaction of iodide fon with. hydrogen peroxide, « known volume of sodium ‘rhiosulphate solution is added to {a} oxidise indide ion to fottine {(b) reduce iodine to iodide inn (© forma solubie blue complex. (@) induce the reaction cate A white sodium salt dissolves readity in water: give a solution which is neutrat ro litmus, silver nirvate solution is added 0 the solutiOaa ‘white precipitate is obtained which, dissolve in dil HNO}. The anion cot @ coy wa (© soy teh s* Th organic analysis, the te pheny] hydrasine is ws which of the following. (a) Alcohol, (o) Aldehyde 1H (a) FSO, NHOH Py 250 ml. of 20 sohsion of Motu’s 1ot of Mobr's salt needed is (49% @ 324 1 of KC.0, and MnO , was cated excess of KY in adie mest’ I, Uberated ‘equited 190 em’ of 0.15 NiNa.S-05 solucion fine ‘tration, The percentage amonct of KC, in the mivcure fe (a) 85.36% (©) 58.63% b) 4.64% @ 26.19% 20. An unknown inorganic compound (4) gave the following rasetioas 1) the compound (A) an heating gavea resi ‘onyyen and an oxide of nitrogen (2) An aqueous seluion of compound ‘addition of tap water gave a tut 1s insoluble in niteie acid, (3) The turbidity dissolved in. Thus, che compound (A) () Nac ) fc} NaNO, (a) 21. An organic compound aud Tollen’s a) CH,C,On fe) CHCHO 22. One desing to ositively charged sol oF silver foi be achieved by @ ‘AgNO; solution to KI sohution ive jodtoroem, RAC compound is CHCA CHO CH,COGH, ” fe Kl solution ro AgNO, soludion tn Mighs excess fring equal volumes of equimolar solutions ‘SEARNO, and KE 3) Nonc of the above . Daring the test for halogens, sodium extract is Iheatedl with couc HNO, The reason for this is (@} to decompose NaC and Nags {©} NaS is soluble in ENO, {©} NaCil is soluble in HNO (A) silver haliges are insoluble in HNO, Whieh of the following will oxides 128 gof oxalic acid GH,C,04 2H_D)in acidic median? (2) 128 mole of Kicx0, () 2 mole of K,Ci,0, (© V3 mole of no’, (> 5/2 mle of RMN, 25. Alaborutory reageacimpants green colours to the flame. On heating with solid K,C20, and cone 1180, it evolves a orange red gas. Identify the reugeat, (a) Cae, () Batt, (©) Gud, (6) None of these 26, Whichreagent can be used 10 identify nickelian? (a) Reyoreinal () Dimethyi glyoxinne 40) Diphenyl benzidine éd) Potassium terrocyanide 27. The tration of Motx’s salt w KMnO, i an peoeinla: af mie seGio effet on ather teas) but we can not use ‘qowerted to chremste i ferrous autphate bv place of Mokr’s sale because: (9 (NHC, on heating lderge)Pxotl-ermic (GQ) it is less stable shan Mohr's sali decomposition to giv GOs {) in air it oxidised to Ferri sulphate (2) Potassinm ai Ss uged asa derant Ft (6) in ait loses water af crystallisation ‘exdimarion of G4) Allofthe above” 34. which of mts erm be used © ‘28. 2.42 9 of ferrons annmmonium sulphate (Mobr's distinguish Ob odium eatbonste sod x a contedy nan so nt co, UNL drum Thepeemige puiyotieseape® OY (a) 80 (b) 76.4 ) }> sohution © 90 @ 392 180, solution 20. corpound lerates CDs wth NaHCO, apd 25NgpStueonsscluionet 6 gomlicund dts ao gives colour with neutral FeCl, solution, ade up to 250ml. the volume af 0.1 NNaQH ‘comport can be required to completely neutralize 10 mb of this solution i oe @) 40mL () 2 mL Ar HOO 6) AO @ 4 mb oy Ton w 36. In case of weak arid and strong base, the heat of a) neurzalistion is ess than 13,7 Keal Because some oe suet of hentis utilized 17 () dissocinttan of base Hs ~ {b) association of base a Te af | @ dissociation of aia y DB fe) association of acid 37, Themethodsased for the prepavaton o lyophiic ‘90, Poaitve eRe test for halogens shows that and lyophobie sol are respectively i) sn is definitely present {a) oxidation and reduction mn may be present (@) discolition io water and pepesation re i absent . (6) peptisation and oxidation 3) Nore ef the sbove (@) allofthe above * POW) of following statements wrong about 38. Wie ose folowing subwancs 6not weed it a= a the preparation of Motr's su? 4s corclnogenic (a) Ferrous sul rmonivan (2 ££ Shocalea panne sobeneen Carat a alse Ge) iris an acid dye 99. The gas liberated on heating 2 mixvure of wo @ It 1s also called 4-phenyl aroanitine 32. Levelt bulb i used during experiment to study ners of the dissociation of hysirogem peroxide sales with NaOH, give a teddish brown precipicate swith an alkaline solution of K,Fighe, The aqueous solution of the muxcure om creatment with BaCl, Pca lah ia raring0) Nii, Fe", SOF. (@) NUG.Ce*,80}-,c- 40, An organic compound does not reduce Tolla's reagent and Fetling’ solution but gives red colour with cexie ammonium afrate, then the ‘organic compound is a) au alcohol (0) an aldedyde (©) 0 pheno! (A) akerone AV Indereaction 2140, —y 24,0404, the ‘ate of reartion (a) decreases as cone at T fom increases ) increases a5 cone of inn inerewses 4) increases in che presence of GW light (ds both (b) and-e 42 A solution of one mole of copper salphete is Drepared at infniue diudon. If is expressed as follows USO, 5) + fag) —+ €350,(09) On adding come solvent to this solution, the enthalpy of slution (2) increases ©) decreases (©) remains the sa (@) maybe increased or decreased 48°C, yas passed into aqueous containing some CCL, and the mixta i tien, (@) upper bayer brome wo ) lower layer becom (© homogencous via None of the above 44.15 9 pyrolustg ore fe with 50 ml of Neowalic aod andl H,SQ.. The remaiaing acid rh inomwaring Mask, 25 mI, bs 30 mL of KMD, for tage of Ma, inthe sample (i) 65% (35% eriment to study kineties ofthe dissociation of 20 peroxide mum be performed by group. so or thece so that G) when one is recording data other shuld be swirling flas at conetaar rate (b) exoeriment can be performed by one student ‘only as outeomes are independent cn rate of ‘mining of mitre 1 and $ e) for safety purpose (2) None of the above 46. 11010 group precipitation, NH,Clis added be adding NIL,OH to {0) decrease cone wf OH (h)_provent umerfevenee of POZ (2) increase cone of C- (a) increase cone af OI iow 47. The enthalpy of neutralise solution with a song ths enthalpy of fon'saaen ‘nd unthalpy of nentrelisa ‘with « strong buseig-57 355 eq ©. What isthe percenrage i ‘hl weak acd ia molar selion ats monobasic) 25 by 20 (6) 13 @ 10 48. D ion uf acerauiide from encess of scecic anliydride and ealiny, should be avuided because die 6 ‘ol a) iis eeduced diacetyl dertvitve is formed @) riacecyl derivative is formed . Ax 298 K, the hear of sovtion of CuSO 6) is nd 91.21 KJ mol” and that of CuSO, -5ULOG) is 20.18 1s moi ', The beat of hydration of CaSO 46), ie, AIF (or the reaction CnSO.4s}+ SILO() - + CuSO, -SHOGIs G) - 111.35 iJ mot (b) -7L.03k1 mort (© -105.02kJ mol (4) -75.05k) mol 50, The gs Hberated on tmating 2 mixture of two salts with di HS, cums lime water milky and turbidity disappears with che passage of excess of 4228. The aquevits solution of mixture gives white qyscalline ppt with NaC] solution. The filtrate gives black precipitate, when HSis passed ini fi, The aquoous solutlon of mixture on heating ives reaidish brown gas and when treated with ammonium hydroxide and exvess of disodirm hydrogen phosphate ives a whive crystalline precipitate, The mixure contains (33 CO}, Po, NOE, Mg? (b) COP, Pa, NOX, ca? () COR, Pb, cr, ag (a) CoF, Pb*, cr caBinswers le 20 3 4@ Fm BO FM Bm WO Ie) An 2) FR KG) WK) ampeoy 20.4) Bn) Betty RG) PAD BO) BELO FLO 292.0) 0.0) BL) 32) 38) MG) HD HOA 39.() 40.0) Lf) 820 430) A) AG AB) ¢ co) 0) 5A) HINTS, 1, Phenolphthalein ie coiourtess in acid solu benzenoid form) and pink in alll ution (quiaeanid Form). ‘ef (alkaline econ) quluenaid Fors ite of Fe" fous wilt potessinm fede coe Femation of Turbats eK FolFa(CN)) KyfFeichd Poussim fenced K FefFe(CN)1 + 2K" ‘Tombuls bee 23, Re am enses (), (2) and (4), the acids and bases taken wre soung und the enthalpy of euraliation of all ssrong acids with strong 1. $o, itis added te the reaction mixture ing dhe preparation of avetanibide from aniline. 7. All the given mevals form white ppt with NOH tout only ppt of Zn is coluble in excess of NHOH and on passing H,S i gives white ppt of ZnS, 30 the metal is Zn and reactions takes place as fellows 2n2* }ANH,OH —> Zn(O8),¢ + 20M waite pot (Ol), + 2NHOH —> 7003+ 2a(Ol2), + 2NEO! Orig gra + 2D (NH ezeO, | HS —> Znsd + 2NH,OH vehite Bat 8. tn the tation of oxalic acid vs KMinO« KMPO 4 ‘cts a5 a ovidant a6 well asa selfindicatox. 2KMnO, + 3H,SO, —> KjS04+ 2anSOy + 3H,0 + 510) 501 +10C0,7 sl +5[0)] —> SHO 5 9, ‘The nitration of aniline is ditficok to carry ou! vith ultrating mixture, cince —NHy group get oxidised which # not required. Su, the amino fgroup is first proteeced by acylation to form acetanilide which is Gen aftrated rv give nitro acetanilide asa mejor product. 10, Equivalent mass of Trove macs molir 1355AL During che formation of egg albumin sol, hoe water it not used Lecause In hot water frecipitarion of egg albumin takes place whereus ‘in cold water formarinn of precipitate does not 22. Formaldehyde connor produce iodoform, as only those “compound which contsins either ‘CH,—CH— group or SRT group on I OH reaction with fodine and sodiam hydroxide (alkali) yield iodofoun, 33, Ln.Lassaigne’s tes, the organic compound is fused with a piecs of Na metal ¢o convert covalent compounds inty = mixrure of ionic compounds such as Na+C+N —+ Necw 2Na+S —+ Nas Na—X —s Nak (where, X =Cl, Br, Dp 14, im he giver experiment following reuction occurs 0,42 + 2H! —4 2041, Todine liberated in this reaction reacts 15, NaCl i a salt of srtoag acid hence on dissolution will giv white pptis obtained by the: 16 arbony! group, i sléehyle Pith exrborl group, this lor yellow ppt ave 0 the of respective idrazones, 17. Heat of neutralisation of strong acid and strung bare is always 13:7 kcal 18. The ionic equation for oxidation of Mobr's el Feder Now, £g of Mohr sat « 382. 3 Strength = Normality =F 1 Joa! ‘Thus, for preparing 2! shes sale solasion, Mol’ salt 1 Wad, will be (05-29 B= x)" 100x015 } 1090) a, wh, UEK,CHO, andl 31.6 is ba. solving, we get x = 0.07225 tage of KOO, otha =100 14.64% . The solution ef compound *A’ gives mrbidty with tap water (which contains Ci” inns) and the urbidity {due to formacion of AgCI insoluble ‘a nice acd but soluble in NAOH, Hence, the compound ‘A’ AGNOs, The feactions are ws follows Q 2AgNOs Ay uagt NOT +0,4 a) gm Ey “—* © 0% to $a «N05 aia (B) AgCL+ 2NHJOH — {Ag(NH, LIC + 2,0 21. Fo catound ch omit HO ey pr ple Trend aanpead es See pep oe pon ion § Th raf compu tee oe 22. R16 Ap hres) —> Ag+, AgNO, —> Ag*+NO3 AgiG)+ Ag” —s — Engliag” Pp28. During the test for halogens, sodinm evtract is 29. The compotind iberates GU>, © Ihoated with cone. HNO, to decompose sodium pam or sou salghige presen init, 50 chat ‘they do nos intenfere In the test for halogens. NaCN+ HNO, —> NaNO) + HCN NagS+ 2HNO, —+ 2NANO,+HS 24, 126 x of onal acd = 1 mal of HG, 2win0;+ 8C 04+ 16H" —> 2Mn** +1000,+ BHO 1 mole of oxalate om require =2/Sinule HMIO, Gor +300 +148" —> 20°" +500, + 7H0 1 ote of oxatate jon roqure= 1/3 mole K 25, Ba* ion imparts green colour to the flame al {Con forms chtomy chloride (wich ed in colour) when treated with, ‘cone H,$0 , Ts, the reagent Ba® + 2cr —> aly + Ke, + SH, 5 1p +340 onde ‘one mash ich Gmetiry) glvoxime in ‘gor scarlet red ppt of + 2BaSO4 + 26, Nickel sale fa che N=o—crh, ; Lut ca CoN Soc, é uke as 42NHCI+ 240 27. Due to all of the given reasons ferrous sulphate ‘contains —COOH group and it also ive colour with neutral FeCl, solution, sol alsg contains + OH group directly suached to the Benzene ring ie, phenol). He je ructure of the ‘compound is cHi00R halogen frec compounds viz wree, Cuourea, + amides etc also responds this test. The reason being che fact thar these halogen free compounds Sone eer tee = a. € men { oe alos ollow {amino zobervane oF 4 pt srocnine) Its a carcinogenic compoumd and a basic dye. 32, The maia purpose of using leveling bulb is 0 asyure chat presre within the reaction vesst is same as thar inthe room. * 32. Acidic solution favours dichromite, whereas allaine solution favours chromate. 24, On creuument with dilvoe TICL, NaO, and a0 produve CO, and $0, respectively. $0, runs an acidified K.Cr0, solution green ‘whereas CO, aes not chafge the colour of the solution, Nai0, + 2H —> 2Nacl+ 110 ~COst 1Naj80, + 2HCl —+ 2NaCl+ 1,0 +80." K:C0, + HS0, +950, —> R80 conange yelow +n (90. + HO7. tyophii os ate prepared by merely discoving tSoances Hee gelacn, stare water ile Ipopbebie sls re prepared by specal methods ‘such af peptisation, oxidation, reduction etc. 36, rer aremontuw slgkate (Mobs sa) i Peapured by dissolving ferrous eUphate in dil ig0, and then by adding ammonium Sulphate. aL S0¢4 FOr 61,9 DEVS, FeSO 4 (N,) 60, 6H Peso i ote ‘{Mubr's sale) 238, The mitre on heating with NIOK iheace a fe which gives fol py with allie Biiele 20 the ge Ny and wise contains NEG joa. NH; + NaOH —> NH, + Na! + 11,0 N+ 2K Hat, + INROH > N 0 rat 4804 2850 + Bal sig’ bro Gi) The aqueous sokution of mixture ives, ppe with BaC, so it contains SOF SOT + Bac, —> 8550, + ity tare on heating with WSO, pres red vingure (COAG), 60 contains CX fons. oe HL + GAD, + 3H FedFetCN}g]2 + OK ed OMe) Redhcls gives recolour with ceric ammoniam nitrate ao, the eompound is alcohol R—OH+ (ME)Ce(NOIs — > Cert moni {etl} ROH), + 2NHLNO, 41. The rate of che dissociation of hydrogen peroxide ‘with T” fon inereases by increasing the conc of T ‘on and also in presence of UY lighr 49 The onthalow chanze when one mate ofa solute is lution, is called enthalpy of sohution and farther addition of solvenr does not affect it 49. 2kL+ Cl; —> 2KCI+ Ly 1, +00, - > violet colour Note: The access (1 suoald be ewe he layer ay here colouness due comeon mi, yt ol, HO 9 any a4 xaomain equation nh %. we ct orate td soturon "RYO, 30 20 ys 10” 25 “45° 300 mi. of ¥ Kn0, w 250 ml. of = 290 mL of NEMn0, solution 80 unk of R-oxalic acid 13s, the amowit of acid used wth pyzolusice 0 - 20-29 mL of Nenealic sad nO, + HS, —> MoS0, +140 +10) coun eee 2H,0+[c] —+ 200,°+3H,0 63 gonatcactd= "Zig Mw, = 880, ‘So, the amount «of oxalic acid used = 20 i 1000 ++ e@yonaeaid = $2390, 87 «1.26 me 1 the omonniof Wa S4 prot cere neato a0, 100 fyeste Ot So 564 & 126g oxalic acid = =0878 45. Becnuse ie is necessary to noord dara and swirl the flask (at constant rate) simukaneously. 46, In IIL group precipitation, NTILCLis added before riding NAOT? to decrease the ene OF OF, as NCI ind NELDH disraciates as follows NIL g& NH} 41NHOH eh NH, -OW Due to presence of common fon, cone of OT decreases and for IT group precipitarion lesser ‘conc of OFT fe requires. an rn) = $6.1 -€57.3)= L2kI mol” Figen) =U5EI molt Hence, percentage jonisstion in 1M solution 05-12), 199-20 48, During acetylation ol aniline, the ences anhdyrige end prolonged heating 1 Formation of dace dervarive C gly NH, + (CHO — se ‘iliee de + cH,LOOH Prolonged, Test NH(COOH,), + CHOOT CgHlaN—Cocnig.+ (LEK 49. (0) NP5t:,068)+ ing) + 2180 -5FL0C0R; ‘it, =—90.18 KJ mol (i involves 10 steps: Gx804G) SHO —> Gr80, 511010; aH, =? {891 CuSO 5HLOU= (aq) + CuSO SOCOM): xc? we find (ii) + (is) = (x10 + (aq) —> ag] ly + Sas thus, for S062) meet SHO) AH, 91.21 ~(.20.18) 71.035 mol ' re with dil H,S0. Uberated # gas fares Lime water midky and cwrbidity isppear: with the passage of excess of mas, po the gm sD smuxtaze contains GOF “+ CalOtt), > Cals + LO Gat ‘wee (200, 1 0+ CO, —+ CaCO). (i) Te agnor solution a mau ges wit yet wich NeCl solubon ane Hora of eis with HLS gives black ypt thus, miveure contains BD* fon. PO(NOg):-# 2NAC! > TUGL, + 2NANO, PbCl, HAS > PES+ 2G (i The aqueous selon of mature on heating berates reddish brown gas, to it should Ihave NO} toa, WIN, —> BED 2NO, +402 ect teowh gor Ge) The aqueous solurion with NILOH and exces of Na HPO. ives white crystalline ‘pt Ho mixture should have Mg* fons. MgCO,,— No,HvO, + NEOH —> Mg(NH,JPO.1 + Naya, + #0 ‘wie