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L THUYT TING ANH 9 -LUYN THI VO 10

THPT BNH SN
DNG 1 : ChUYN I T HIN TI HON THNH SANG QU KH N ( V
NGC LI )

Dng ny c cc mu sau y , cng thc th khng c nn mnh ch a ra cc v d trong c

cc ch t mu l nhng du hiu nhn dng ra cng thc.

1. This is the first time I have seen him (y l ln u ti thy anh ta )

=>I have never seen him before. ( ti cha bao gi thy anh ta trc y )
Mu ny c dng :
y l ln u tin ... lm chuyn
=> ...cha bao gi lm chuyn trc y.
The first time : ln u tin
Never ...before : cha bao gi trc y

2. I started / begun studying English 3 years ago. (ti bt u hc TA cch y 3 nm )

=> I have studied English for 3 years. ( ti hc TA c 3 nm )
Mu ny c dng :
...bt u lm g cch y + khong thi gian
=> .. lm chuyn for + khong thi gian
Nu khng c ago m c when + mnh th gi nguyn mnh ch i when thnh since thi

3. I last saw him when I was a student.( ln cui cng ti thy anh ta l khi ti l SV )
=> I haven't seen him since I was a student.( ti khng thy anh ta t khi ti l SV )
Mu ny c dng :
Ln cui cng lm chuyn l khi ....
=> ..khng lm chuyn t khi ....
Last : ln cui
Since : t khi

4. The last time she went out with him was two years ago.(ln cui c ta i chi vi anh ta cch
y 2 nm )
=> She hasn't gone out with him for two years.( c ta khng i chi vi anh ta 2 nm nay )
Tng t mu 3 nhng khc phn sau thi

5. It's ten years since I last met him.( 10 nm t khi ti gp anh ta ln cui )
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=> I haven't met him for ten years . ( ti khng gp anh ta 10 nm ri )

Mu ny c dng :
..khong thi gian t khi lm g ln cui
=> ..khng lm vic c + khong thi gian

6. When did you buy it ? ( bn mua n khi no ?

=> How long have you bought ? ( bn mua n c bao lu ? )
Mu ny c dng :
when : th dng qu kh n
How long : th dng hin ti hon thnh

DNG 2 : BIN I QUA LI GIA : ENOUGH , TOO....TO , SO....THAT ,

SUCH....THAT

Trc khi i c th vo cch bin i cc bn cng nn n li cng thc ca 4 cu trc trn:

TOO...TO (qu....n ni khng th.)

He is too young to go to school (n qu tr n ni khng th i hc c )

The exercise is too difficult for me to do.(bi tp qu kh n ni ti khng th no lm c )
CNG THC : ________________________________
[TOO + adj/adv + (for sb) TO inf.]
--------------------------------
3 NGUYN TC CN NH KHI NI CU DNG TOO...TO
Cng ging nh enough, too...to c cc nguyn tc sau
-1)Nguyn tc th nht :
Nu trc tnh t ,trng t c :too ,so ,very , quite ,extremely... th phi b.
- 2) Nguyn tc th hai:
Nu ch t hai cu ging nhau th b phn for sb
3) Nguyn tc th ba:
Nu ch t cu u v tc t cu sau l mt th phi b tc t cu sau

ex:
He is so weak .He can't run.
-> He is too weak to run.
The coffee was very hot .I could drink it.
-> The coffee was too hot for me to drink.
( B it v it cng ng ngha vi coffee )
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ENOUGH
()
Enough c hai cng thc c bn :
1) adj/adv + enough (for sb) to inf

2) enough + N (for sb ) to inf

Cc bn lu s khc nhau gia 2 cng thc ny l : tnh t ,trng t th ng trc
enough cn danh t th ng sau enough
ex:
he is strong enough to lift the box.(anh ta khe nhc ci hp)
strong l tnh t nn ng trc enough
He doesn't drive carefully enough to pass the driving test
carefully l trng t nn ng trc enough
I don't have enough money to buy a car.(ti khng c tin mua xe hi)
Money l danh t nn ng sau enough
*Nu ch t thc hin c 2 hnh ng (ng t chnh v to inf ) l mt th khng c phn (for
sb),cn nu l hai i tng khc nhau th i tng thc hin hnh ng to inf s c th hin
trong phn for sb
ex:
I study well enough to pass the exam.(ti hc gii thi u)
trong cu ny ngi thc hin hnh ng study l ti v ngi pass the exam (thi u) cng l ti
nn khng c phn for sb .

The exercise is not easy for me to do.(bi tp khng d ti c th lm c )

Ch t ca is not easy l the exercise ,trong khi i tng thc hin hnh ng do l ti khng
ging nhau nn phi c phnfor me
*Khi ch t v tc t ca ng t chnh v tc t ca to inf l mt th tc t c hiu nghm
,khng vit ra
ex:
The exercise is not easy for me to do it.(sai)
The exercise is not easy for me to do.(ng)
Tc t ca do l it cng ng ngha vi ch t The exercise nn khng vit ra.

Tm li cc bn cn nh 3 nguyn tc sau y
3 NGUYN TC CN NH KHI NI CU DNG ENOUGH:

1)Nguyn tc th nht:

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Nu trc tnh t ,trng t c : too, so, very, quite ,extremely... Trc danh t c many, much, a
lot of, lots of th phi b.
He is very intelligent.He can do it.
->He is very intelligent enough to do it (sai)
->He is intelligent enough to do it.(ng)
He has a lot of money .He can buy a car.
->He has enough a lot of money to buy a car.(sai)
->He has enough money to buy a car.(ng)
2) Nguyn tc th hai:
Nu ch t hai cu ging nhau th b phn for sb
ex:
Tom is strong. He can lift the box.
->Tom is strong enough for him to lift the box.(sai)
->Tom is strong enough to lift the box.(ng)
The weather is fine. Mary and her little brother can go to school.
->The weather is fine enough to go to school.(sai)
->The weather is fine enough for Mary and her little brother to go to school.(ng)
Tuy nhin nu ch t cu sau c chung chung th cng c th b i.
ex:
The sun is not warm .We can't live on it.
->The sun is not warm enough to live on.(we y ch chung chung, mi ngi)
3)Nguyn tc th ba:
Nu ch t cu u v tc t cu sau l mt th phi b tc t cu sau
ex:
The water is quite warm .I can drink it.
->The water is warm enough for me to drink it.(sai)
->The water is warm enough for me to drink .(ng)

SO ...THAT (QU ....N NI )

CNG THC :
SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT + clause
- Cch ni cu dng so...that
+ Trc adj/adv nu c too, so, very,quite...th b
+ Nu c a lot of ,lots of th phi i thnh much,many
+ Sau that vit li ton b mnh

ex:

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He is very strong .He can lift the box.

-> He is so strong that he can lift the box.
He ate a lot of food. He became ill.
-> He ate so much food that he became ill.
He bought lots of books .He didn't know where to put them.
->He bought so many books that he didn't know where to put them.

SUCH...THAT(qu... n ni )
Cng thc :
SUCH( a/an) + adj + N + THAT + clause
-Cch ni cu dng such..that
+ Trc adj/adv nu c too, so, very, quite...th b
+ Nu danh t l s t hoc khng m c th khng dng (a/an)
+ Nu sau adj khng c danh t th ly danh t u cu vo ri th i t vo ch t .
ex:
He is a very lazy boy. No one likes him.
->He is such a lazy boy that no one likes him.
The coffee is too hot .I can't drink it.
Sau ch hot khng c danh t nn phi em coffee vo, coffee khng m c nn khng
dng a/an.
->It is such hot coffee that I can't drink it.
Her voice is very soft .Everyone likes her.
->She has such a soft voice that everyone likes her.
+ Nu trc danh t c much, many th phi i thnh a lot of.
ex:
He bought many books. He didn't know where to put them.
-> He bought such a lot of books that he didn't know where to put them.

CC DNG THNG GP V TOO...TO , SO..THAT, SUCH..THAT , ENOUGH :

1) I T SO ..THAT SANG SUCH ....THAT :

N + BE + SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE

=> I T + BE ......
Cch lm :
Thm such ( a,an) em tnh t xung ,em danh t xung ,t that tr i vit li ht

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=> I T + BE SUCH ( A,AN ) ADJ + N + THAT CLAUSE

The book is so interesting that I have read it many times.

It is .....
=> It is such an interesting book that I have read it many times.

Nu danh t l s t hoc khng m c th khng c a, an

2) I T SO ..THAT SANG TOO...TO :

c dng :
S + BE +SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE

=> S + BE + TOO....
Cch lm :
Thm tnh t vo , b can't ,couldn't ly t ng t tr i
Nu ch t 2 cu khc nhau th thm phn for sb
Nu tc t cu sau ging ch t cu u th b tc t i
=> S + BE + TOO + adj +( FOR SB ) TO INF ...
The water is so hot that I can't drink it.
=> The water is too.....
=> The water is too hot for me to drink.

- Nu i nguc li t TOO...TO sang SO ..THAT th thng sai nht l vic qun thm tc
t vo v chia sai th

3) I T TOO...TO .. SANG ENOUGH :

thng c dng :
S + BE + TOO + ADJ + TO INF......
=> S + BE NOT .....
Cch lm :
- Dng tnh t phn ngha + enough
- Vit li ht phn sau

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He is too weak to run fast

=> He isn't ....
=> He isn't strong enough to run fast.

Ghi ch :Trong tt c cc cu trc trn nu ch BE l V th ADV s thay cho ADJ

4) CHUYN I QUA LI GIA Although/ though <=> despite / in spite of

Nguyn tc chung cn nh l :

Although/ though + mnh

Despite / in spite of + cm t
Cc cng thc bin i t mnh sang cm t nh sau:
1) Nu ch t 2 mnh ging nhau:
- B ch t ,ng t thm ING .
Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time.
=> Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time.
1) Nu ch t l danh t + be + tnh t
- em tnh t t troc danh t ,b to be
Although the rain is heavy,.......
=> Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, ......
3) Nu ch t l i t + be + tnh t :
- i i t thnh s hu ,i tnh t thnh danh t ,b be
Although He was sick,........
=> Despite / in spite of his sickness,.......
4) Nu ch t l i t + ng t + trng t
- i i t thnh s hu, ng t thnh danh t ,trng t thnh tnh t t trc danh t

Although He behaved impolitely,.....

=> Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior ,.........
5) Nu cu c dng : there be + danh t Hoc : S + have + N

- Th b there be
Although there was an accident ,.....
=> Despite / in spite of an accident,......

Cng thc ny cng p dng cho bin i t BECAUSE -> BECAUSE OF

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5) CHUYN I QUA LI GIA SO SNH HN / BNG / NHT

lm c phn ny cc bn phi nm vng cng thc ca cc dng so snh tnh t /trng t.

Cc dng thng cho l :

1) A hn B <=> B khng bng A

Nguyn tc :
Nu cho so snh hn th ta i thnh so snh bng + ph nh

v d :
Tom is taller than Mary : Tom cao hn Mary
Mary is.....
=> Mary is not nottall as Tom : Mary khng cao bng Tom

2) khng ai ... bng A <=> A l ...nht

Nguyn tc :
So snh bng => so snh nht
v d :
No one in the class is as tall as Tom: khng ai trong lp cao bng Tom
=> Tom is .....
=> Tom is the tallest in the class. Tom cao nht lp
6) CHUYN I QUA LI GIA NG T V DANH T CH NGI

Cc dng thng cho l :

S + V + ADV
=> S +BE + (a/an) ADJ + N (ngoi)
Cch lm :
- i ng t thnh danh t ch ngoi
- i trng t thnh tnh t ,em t troc danh t
v d :
Tom drives carefully. ( Tom li xe cn thn )
=> Tom is..........
=> Tom is a careful driver.( Tom l mt ti x cn thn )
Mt s cch i ng t thnh danh t ch ngui :
Thng thng ch vic thm ER sau ng t, nhng c mt s ngoi l sau:
Study => student
Type => typist

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cycle => cyclist

Cook => cook ( khng dng cooker nh ! )
Play guitar => guitarist
Nu c ng t play + mn chi th thao th t mn chi trc ch player:
Play football => football player

7) VIT LI CU DNG CU IU KIN : IF

TRong chng trnh lp 9 chng ta ch cn hc cu iu kin loi 1 v 2 m thi, cng thc nh

sau:
LOI 1 :
Bn c IF dng th hin ti n
Bn khng c IF dng tng lai n
LOI 2 :
Bn c IF dng th qu kh n ( thay was = were)
Bn khng c IF dng tng lai trong qu kh ( would + nguyn mu )
- Can/ could c th thay th will/ would

CCH CHUYN T CU THNG SANG CU IU KIN:

- Nu cu l hin ti - hin ti / tng lai th dng loi 2 + phn ngha .
It is rainy. I can't go to school.
If ........
=> If it weren't rainy, I could go to school.
- Nu cu l : tong lai - tng lai th dng loi 1 (khng phn ngha )
I will go to VT. I will buy you a present.
If ...
If I go to VT, I will buy you a present.
- Nu cu l : Dont V.or + mnh th vit li l :
If you V ( vit li ht ,b or )
Dont go out or you will get wet.
=> if you go out, you will get wet.
- Nu cu l: V .or + mnh th vit li l :
If you dont V ( vit li ht ,b or )
Raise your hand or I will kill you.
=> If you dont raise your hand, I will kill you.
Lu :
Nu trong cu c because , so(= thats why) th phi b ( t if vo ch because , cn so(= thats
why) th ngoc li )
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8) CCH CHIA LOI T

y l dng bi tp lm nhiu bn rt ngn tuy nhin cng may l phn ny ch c 4 cu x 0,25

= 1 nn cc bn cng ch lo lng nhiu. Mnh cng ni s qua cho cc bn bit cch lm dng
ny:
Nhn pha sau ch trng (k bn nh ) nu c danh t th ta in tnh t .
,nu c ng t th ta in trng t
- Nu khng c danh t pha sau th ta nhn t t pha trc : nu c to be hoc cc linking verb
nh look, feel,seem ..th in tnh t
- Nhn pha trc nu c cc du hiu ca danh t nh : a ,an the ,some, s hu ... th ta tip tc
nhn pha sau (k bn ) xem c danh t cha,nu c danh t ri th ta in tnh t, nu cha th ta
in danh t.
- sau ch t nu cha c ng t th in ng t
- Ngoi cc trng hp trn th ta in trng t
v d:
1. How often do you_______ ?(correspondence)
=> 1. How often do you correspond?(correspondence)[- V]
sau ch t cha c ng t nn in ng t
2. My first _____mpression____________ of her is very good.(impress)[-N]
Trc c my l du hiu ca danh t nh nhn pha sau xem c danh t cha : c of khngt phi
danh t nn ta in danh t
3. Listen carefully to my ___instructor___________,please.(instruct)[-N]
tng t cu trn
4. The house is ______divisional_________ into five rooms. (division)
A ! cu ny ngoi l y : y l cu trc b ng nn phi in p.p (dch ngha mi bit ) -
> divided (cn nh c chia ra lm 5 phng )

5.She is lonely because she is ____UNfriendly_________________(friend)[-Adj]

trc c to be -> tnh t (d qu !) nhng ch vi m in friendly vo m b sai ,phi lu ch
ny c phn ngha , c ni dung thy ch lonely ( c n ) => unfriendly
6.The _________separates______ of the family made her sad.(separate)[-N]
trc c the l du hiu danh t ,m nhn sau cha c danh t nn dng danh t -> separation
7. Is Buddhism a _____religious____________? ( religious)[-N]
pha trc c a l du hiu danh t m pha sau cha c danh t nn in danh t -> religion
8. Do you think God listens to our __prayer____________? (pray)[-N]
our -> s hu -> dng N -> prayer (li cu nguyn )
9. Is English compulsory or ______optional___________?(option)[-Adj]
ch and v or lun ni 2 loi t ging nhau ,troc l tnh t (compulsory ) nn pha sau l tnh
t -> optional

Ngoi ra khi dng danh t phi ch xem l danh t ch ngi, hay vt, c phn ngha khng ?
cn tnh t cng lu nht l cc trng hp dng phn ngha

Sau y mi cc bn xem bi lm v cch suy ngh tng bc qua bi vit ca mnh !

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1. They were impressed by the __friendliness______of the local people

Pha troc c the l du hiu ca danh t ,nhn pha sau l of => cha c danh t nn quyt
inh chn danh t ,nhng kh gh ch ny c ti my danh t ,thi nh dch ngha vy :h thy
n tng bi ...tnh bn ca ngi dn a phng ( nghe k qu khng c ) ,vy th bi ...s
mn khch ca ngi dn a phng (ok !) vy l chn :[b]friendliness[/B]

2. They enjoy the ____friendly_______ atmosphere in the meeting

Nhn pha trc c the l du hiu danh t ,nhn pha sau xem c danh t cha: c ri
( atmosphere) vy th chn tnh t ,hn qu ch ny ch c mt tnh t l friendly(ng ra cn
mt tnh t na l : friendless : khng c bn b ,nhng trnh c bn nn cha dng t )
3. The --friendship____ they make at school will last through their life

Nhn trc c the l du hiu danh t ,nhn sau xem c danh t cha ? gp ch they -> cha c
nn chn danh t (li danh t na ,kh gh !dch thi :nhng ngi bn m h kt bn c
trng (nghe n y hnh nh cng hp l ,lm bing nh chn i nhng thi chu kh dch
tip xem sao,) s ko di sut cuc i h .Tri ! ngi bn m ko di l sao? ch c tnh
bn mi ko di c ch !vy phi chn friendship(sut t na li l toi ri !)
4. She was too young ,and so is __dependent ____on her parents
nhn trc c is nhn sau c on ,vy chn tnh t thi,m thng ny cng ti 3 tnh t mi kh
hnh y! dch (li dch !): c y qu tr ,v th phi l thuc cha m ? ok c ri :dependent

5. He is old enough to lead a/an _independent ___life

Nhn trc c a/an nhn sau c life l danh t vy chn tnh t ,dch !: anh ta ln (khng
dch gi nghe ) c mt cuc sng ...c lp (ok) :independent,(a !cc bn khng xem
bi vit bn kia cho ht cc loi t v ch cach lm lun hay sao m lm sai vy ta ?)

6. They are old enough to live _independently__

trc c ng t live ,dng trng t thi ,m phi xem l c lp hay l thuc y na ch,dch:
ln ..haha vy l c lp ri :[b]independently[/B]

7. You can believe him .He is a _dependable___person.

trc c a ,m pha sau c danh t ri nn chn tnh t ,dch: bn c th tin anh ta,anh ta... l
thuc /c lp v nghe cng trt qut ht ! vy ch cn mt tnh t l : dependable : (c th da
vo ) nghe ok ,hihi
8. There is a __friendship__between Vietnam and Thailan
cu ny d : tnh hu ngh gia VN v THL: friendship
gii, lm my cu m mt pht ! nhng b li ,bi ng th cng an i ,
cc bn i ! nh khi lm bi chu kh suy ngh ging mnh nh ,gp ch ny l ch c dch ..v
dch thi !

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