1.

Oswari, Jonatan; Adrianto, Petrus, Buku Ajar bedah, EGC, Jakarta, 1995
2. Baradero, Mary, MN, SPC,Dkk,(2005). Klien Gangguan Ginjal. Jakarta :
EGC
3. R, Sjamsuhidajat. Wim de Jong. Buku Ajar Ilmu Bedah. Ed.3, Jakarta.
2013.Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Hal 872-879.
4. Kidney Anatomy. Available at:
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948775-overview#showall .
Accessed on: 27th July 2013. Updated on: 24th June 2011.
5. Noer, H.M, Sjaifoellah (1996). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. (Jilid
kedua, Edisi ketiga). Jakarta : Balai Penerbit FKUI.
6. Price, Sylvia Anderson, Ph.D., R.N (1995). Patofisiologi : Konsep Klinis
Proses-Proses Penyakit. (Edisi keempat). Jakarta : EGC.
7. Brunner and Suddarths (2002). Buku Ajar Keperawatan Medical Bedah.
(Edisi 8 volume 2). Jakarta : EGC.
8. American Urological Association. AUA Guideline on the Management of
Staghorn Calculi:Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendations. 2005
9. Tiselius HG, Ackermann D, Alken P, Buck C, Conort P, Galucci M.
Guidelines of urolithiasis. European Association of Urology 2001.
10. Shekarriz B, Stoller ML. Uric acid nephrolithiasis : current concepts and
controversies. J Urol 2002; 168: 1307 14.
11. Al-kohlany KM, Shokeir AA, Mosbah A, Mohsen T, Shoma AM, Eraky I, et
al. Treatment of complete staghorn stones : a prospective randomized
comparison of open surgery versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Urol
2005; 173: 469 73
12. Eisenmenger W., The Mechanisms of Stone Fragmentation in ESWL,
Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 27, No. 5, 2001
13. Jenkin AD. Urethral calculi. In : Gillenwater JY, Grayhack JT, Howards SS.,
eds. Adult and pediatric urology. Philadelphia: Lippincott. 2002: 383.