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Trn hnh 1.2 ta thy cac cum mu tai s dung tn s cua cac BS
vi tt ca cac bng tn co th, s lng cac trong cum o c goi
la yu t tai s dung tn s (K).
Mancheste
Ma knh iu khin Manchester NRZ NRZ
r
Dung lng knh iu khin 77000 62000 13000 13000
Tc truyn dn 10 Kb/s 8 Kb/s 1,2 Kb/s 1,2 Kb/s
B mt thoai Co th Co th Khng Khng
Dch vu chuyn vung ngoai
Co Co Co B gii han
h thng
1.3.2. TDMA
1) Tng quan
1.3.3 CDMA
1) Tng quan
Trong thng tin CDMA th nhiu ngi s dung chung thi gian
va tn s, ma PN (tap m gia ngu nhin) vi s tng quan cheo
thp c n nh cho mi ngi s dung. Ngi s dung truyn
tn hiu nh trai ph tn hiu truyn co s dung ma PN a n
nh. u thu tao ra mt day gia ngu nhin nh u phat va
khi phuc lai tn hiu d nh nh vic trai ph ngc cac tn hiu
ng b thu c.
(1) Tn hiu s liu thoai (9,6 Kb/s) pha phat c ma hoa, lp,
chen va c nhn vi song mang f o va ma PN tc 1,2288
Mb/s (9,6 Kb/s x 128).
dung mt knh se tng ln lam cho cht lng cuc goi cua cac
thu bao khac se b giam nu nh dung lng ti a khng giam.
Vic chuyn giao cuc goi thng qua trnh t: BS ban u, ca hai
BS, BS mi. Lc o lam ti thiu hoa s gian oan cuc goi va
lam cho ngi s dung khng nhn ra trang thai chuyn vung
mm. Do o, trong khi h thng analog va h thng TDMA s
chp nhn hnh thc chuyn mach "ct - trc khi - ni" th
chuyn vung mm cua h thng CDMA chp nhn hnh thc
chuyn mach "ni - trc khi - ct".
s va s lng bup song cua anten BS. Hn na, cang nhiu knh
thoai c cung cp trong h thng CDMA co cung mt ty l cuc
goi b chn va hiu qua trung k cung tng ln th cang nhiu
dch vu thu bao c cung cp trn mt knh.
Trong thng tin 2 chiu song cng tng quat th ty s chim dung
tai cua tn hiu thoai khng ln hn khoang 35%. Trong trng
hp khng co tn hiu thoai trong h thng TDMA va FDMA th
kho ap dung yu t tch cc thoai v tr thi gian nh v lai knh
tip theo la qua dai. Nhng do tc truyn dn s liu giam nu
khng co tn hiu thoai trong h thng CDMA nn giao thoa
ngi s dung khac giam mt cach ang k. Dung lng h thng
CDMA tng khoang 2 ln va suy giam truyn dn trung bnh cua
may di ng giam khoang 1/2 v dung lng c xac nh theo
mc giao thoa nhng ngi s dung khac.
Hnh 1.13 trnh bay giao thoa t cac BS bn canh theo %. Giao
thoa t mi BS trong vong bin th nht tng ng vi 6% cua
giao thoa tng.
Hin tai FCC (Uy ban thng tin lin bang cua My) n nh ph
tn 25 MHz cho h thng t ong, h thng nay c phn b ng
u cho 2 cng ty vin thng theo cac vung. Dai ph nay c
phn phi lai gia cac cho phep s dung ln nht la 57 knh
FM analog cho mt BS 3 - bup song. Do o, thu bao th 58 se
khng c phep co cuc goi khi lu lng b nghen. Khi o thm
ch mt knh cung khng c phep thm vao h thng nay va
dung lng se giam khoang 35% do trang thai tc cuc goi. Noi
cach khac th h thng CDMA co mi lin quan linh hoat gia s
lng ngi s dung va loai dch vu. V du, ngi s dung h
thng co th lam tng tng s knh trong a s thi gian lin tuc
a n vic tng li bit. Chc nng o co th lam tranh c vic
tc cuc goi do tc nghen knh trong trang thai chuyn vung.
TRAI PH
(2) Yu cu nhiu cng sut cho vic truyn thng tin v cng sut
phat ch c s dung i vi vic truyn tn hiu a ma.
(3) Hiu qua s dung cng sut phat trong trng hp s dung
hng s duy tr rng bng la ln nht v cac thanh phn tn
hiu co mt mc gii han nht nh. Trong h PAM vi song mang
c iu ch ma th ph cng sut [ (sin x)/x] 2 c tao ra hoc
yu cu cng sut nh.
CNG NGH CDMA 24
Cac song mang gia cung c i qua cung mt thu tuc nhn tn s
nh hoat ng cua pha thu ma tai y tn hiu DS thu c se
chuyn thanh bng tn song mang ban u. Tn hiu thu ma
khng c ng b vi tn s lin quan cua u thu th c cng
vi bng tn lin quan va sau o trai ra.
(2-1)
(2-2)
CNG NGH CDMA 30
G = Tng s la chon tn s co th = N
2.2.2 Tc dch tn
(2-4)
y:
p - xac sut li trong mt ln thc hin = J/N
J - Tng cac knh meo do gian oan
N - Tng cac knh trong FH
q - Xac sut khng li trong mt ln thc hin = 1 - p
c - Tng s chip (tn s truyn dn trn mt bit thng tin)
r - Tng s chip li yu cu quyt nh li bit
2.4.1 FH/DS
B phat tng hp FH/DS nh trn hnh 2.11 thc hin chc nng
iu ch DS nh bin i tn s song mang (song mang FH la tn
hiu DS c iu ch) khng ging nh b iu ch DS n gian.
CNG NGH CDMA 36
2.4.2 TH/FH
H thng nay lam giam anh hng giao thoa chp nhn c cua
h thng thng tin trai ph xung ti vai .
2.4.3 TH/DS
2.5 Day PN
(2-8)
Trong phng trnh trn th @ biu th mach modul 2 (EOR) va w
{mi @ mi+j}la gia tr trong s cua day {mi @ mi+j}(ngha la s
lng con s 1 trong {mi @ mi+j}). Thc t th day {mj} co gia tr
{0,1} thng c phat i dang song hai cc p(t) vi bin +, -
thu c nh phng trnh sau:
(2-9)
CNG NGH CDMA 41
(2-10)
Phng trnh trn la thc v cng mod -2 thm @ vi {mj} tr
thanh phep nhn vi {pj}. Ham t ng tng quan tiu chun
cua dang song hai cc tun hoan p(t) biu th cho day m se thu
c nh s dung phng trnh 2.11.
(2-11)
(2-12)
(2-
13)
Hnh 2.17 biu th S(mega)
Trong hnh trn chung ta co th thy rng khi chu ky cua day m
dai ra hn th cac ng ph tr nn gn nhau hn. c tnh cua
day m a bit. Day m co th tun theo 2 chip m trong p(t) va co
th c sao chep bi b nhiu dung tnh toan ng kt ni
phan hi cua b ghi dch phan hi tuyn tnh s dung thut toan
Berlakame. nng cao kha nng chng nhiu, cac u ra t b
ghi dch phan hi tuyn tnh khng c s dung tc thi. Thay
vao o, u ra t nhiu u cui co th t hp lai thanh mach
logic khng tuyn tnh nhm tao c u ra day PN. Chnh v
thc t nay ma cac day PN thc hin s tnh toan b tao day nh
vic xem xet mt s day. Cac chui day PNla b mt va v vy ma
no c bin i mt cach lin tuc. Trong mt ng dung nh a
truy nhp theo ma DS th cac c tnh ng tng quan cua day
PN la quan trong nh cac c tnh t ng tng quan. Trong
trng hp day m th ty s kch c ti a Ruv.max cua ham ng
tng quan gia 2 day m {uj} va {vj} i vi kch c ti a R(0) =
2m - 1 cua ham t ng tng quan la nh sau: vi m = 11, no la
0,14 va vi m = 3 no la 0,71. Co th chon mt b day m nho ma
day nay co gia tr ng tng quan ln nht thm ch con nho
hn, khi o gia tr cua day m trong subset la u nho va v th
khng th s dung trong CDMA. Day Gold, Kasami va Bent vi
chu ky 2m - 1 co gia tr ng tng quan nh sao cho u nho va
thch hp vi a truy nhp theo ma DS.
CNG NGH CDMA 43
2.6 iu ch
2.6.1 iu ch PSK
(2-14)
i=1,2,...,M
M=2N, s lng trang thai pha cho phep
N= S lng cac bit s liu cn thit thit k trang thai pha M
Trong hnh nay th bin song mang cua QPSK khng cn bng
la 0,89 va 0,45. iu nay thch hp vi goc pha gia 53,60 la pha
truyn i va 126,40. Hnh 2.24 miu ta cac kt qua so sanh v ph
cua cac h thng BPSK va QPSK.
2) Giai iu ch PSK
Trn hnh 2.26, tn hiu PSK tai u vao cua mach vong Costas co
th biu th nh di y khi s liu gia s la c thc hin mt
s chuyn dch pha (.../2) mt cach ngu nhin trong mi s
chuyn dch s liu.
(2-15)
y d(t) biu th s liu va co gia tr 1. Hn na, gia tr rms cua
tn hiu la A. Khi o vit lai biu thc trn nh sau
(2-16)
Trong biu thc trn, nu gia s rng mach vong a b khoa, hai
b loc thng thp gat bo cac thanh phn tn s cao va do o u
ra cua b loc co th biu th nh sau:
(2-17)
(2-18)
(2-19)
Trong biu thc trn km la h s cua b nhn co n v la
Volt/radian. Hn na, do d(t) = 1 nn d2(t) tr thanh 1. Do o
biu thc 2.19 co th biu din nh sau:
(2-20)
Ghi nh rng biu thc trn ging nh la i vi tiu chun
PLL. S khac nhau gia chung la sin2(0i-00) bng 0 00 va 1800.
Ngha la, mach vong co th b khoa trong khi VCO co 2 goc khac
nhau lin quan n pha cua tn hiu vao. S liu thu c nh
biu thc Y2(t) = d(t)cos(0i-00) ~~ d(t). Nu mach vong b khoa tai
cac pha con lai khac th s liu se xut hin pha i din. Mach
vong Costas thc hin vic khi phuc ng b pha cua song mang
b trit va vic tach s liu ng b tai cung mt thi im.
2. iu ch lai
3) PSK vi sai
(3-1)
Eb/No c nh ngha la mt ph nng lng trn 1 bit hay ty
l cua ph cng sut nhiu c oi hoi phu thuc vao phng
phap iu ch va ma hoa c s dung. Thng thng W/R cua
cng thc trn c goi la li cua x ly h thng.
Khi ng dung cng thc trn cho h thng truy nhp nhiu trai
ph, cng sut nhiu I co th c biu din bi C (N-1) va y
N ch s lng khach hang cua dai thng W. Do o, C/I tng t
nh 1/(N-1). y cac mc nng lng cua tt ca cac tn hiu phat
i c iu khin va c cac may thu nhn vi cng sut C. Cac
nhiu khac c gia thit la rt nho (s bin i theo gia thit th
2 c giai thch trong phn"cng thc tnh toan dung lng
CNG NGH CDMA 54
Thng thng chu ky thng trc cua mi tn hiu ting noi trong
trao i thng tin kep 2 chiu ch khoang 35%. May thu FDMA
hoc TDMA trai qua tr thi gian dai khi phn b lai cac knh va
v vy cac tnh cht i vi tc tai ting noi thp nh vy
khng th c s dung y u. Tuy nhin khi s dung may thu
CDMA khng co chc nng thoai, tc truyn dn s liu c
giam xung rt nhiu va v vy nhiu tai khach hang khac c
giam xung ang k. V ln cua nhiu tai cac khach hang xac
nh dung lng h thng khi khai thac h thng CDMA nn
dung lng h thng c tng ln 2 ln. Ngoai ra iu nay gy ra
giam 1/2 cng sut phat ra cua may di ng. Khi gia thuyt chu
ky thng trc cua tn hiu phat la"d", cng sut nhiu nhn c
co th c ch th la N.d nh s dung cng thc (3 - 2).
Tuy nhin trong thc t co gii han dung lng h thng v hoat
ng chuyn vung rt nhanh c yu cu khi may di ng ang
thc hin cuc goi chuyn qua cac t bao khac nhau cung nh s
lng cua cac t bao tr nn nho hn. Hin nay, dung lng h
thng c bao hoa trong cac vung dn c ng uc va nhu cu
tng cng cng ngh tai s dung tn s hiu qua hn a ny
sinh. S phn chia t bao va giam t bao nh cac anten khu vc
(sector) la cac bin phap hiu qua khng lu dai m rng dung
lng h thng va v vy mt phng phap iu ch s a c
xut nh la mt giai phap m rng dung lng thng qua tng
hiu xut trai ph.
(3-4)
Khi suy din cng thc trn
(3-5)
Trong cng thc trn, N a ra s lng may di ng trn mt t
bao va K1, K2 , K3 la cac gia tr rut ra t so sanh nhiu cua tng
tram gc nm trn vung tron 1, 2, 3 lin quan ti nhiu c tao
ra bi tram gc trung tm. Kiu gia tr K co quan h ham vi
giam cng sut nh iu khin ngun cua tram gc may di ng
va suy hao ng dn ti tram gc trung tm.
(3-6)
Kt qua tnh toan gia tr F thng qua s dung phng phap tch
phn s hoc phng phap tao gia ch ra hiu sut tai s dung tn
s F i vi m hnh lan truyn nay la khoang 0,65. c ch ra
CNG NGH CDMA 63
(3-7)
Trong cng thc trn:
Khi lnh cua MSC c chuyn qua tram gc trc khi chuyn,
may di ng bt u nhn tn hiu cua tram gc th 2, sau o
cht lng cua tn hiu thu tng ln nh t hp a dang cua 2 tn
hiu nhn c (s liu phat cua 2 tram gc ging nhau). Cung luc
nay ca 2 tram gc nhn lnh iu khin cng sut. Khi nhn lnh
ca 2 tram gc phai yu cu tng mc cng sut cua may di ng.
S liu cua may di ng, c ca 2 tram gc thu va sau o gi ti
MSC. MSC chon loc cac tn hiu cht lng tt trong moi khung
20 ms va sau o coi no nh la s liu c phat i t may di ng.
knh ma hoa ting noi c xac nh cho mi cuc goi bng tham
s phn mm. Mt s kiu dch vu phi thoai (s liu, fax, video,
ISDN va cac dch vu khac) hoat ng vi cac tc s liu khac
vi b ma hoa ting noi. Cac yu cu cua kiu dch vu nay co th
c ap ng y u.
Mt trong cac phn quan trong thit dang song knh hng i
la mt tn hiu dn ng. Tn hiu dn ng c phat ra cac
tram gc va c s dung nh chun song mang coherent trong
sut qua trnh x ly giai iu ch cua tt ca cac b thu may di
ng. Cac tn hiu dn ng khng c phat ra mach hn cac
tn hiu khac va v vy s do tm rt chnh xac la co th. Cac tn
hiu dn ng khng c iu ch va ham Walsh tao ra 64 s 0
c s dung. Do o cac tn hiu dn ng c tao ra vi ch
mt cp cac ma PN cu phng. May di ng co th tm ra toan b
dai ma PN khng co bt ky thng tin trc o ng b vi
tram gc ln cn nht. o la bi v khoang thi gian cua tn hiu
manh nht tng ng vi khoang thi gian cua ma PN tram gc
CNG NGH CDMA 75
Hnh 3-8- Tac dung iu khin cng sut trn knh hng v
dang kiu lp ging nhau. Khun dang cua lp trn cung la khung
ban tin c cu thanh t ban tin va lot m (m c thc hin
dai ban tin la dai cua khung). V du h thng bao hiu tt
va n kha dung trong knh lu lng. Nu dai cua ban tin
ngn hn khung, khung se tao ra toan b khung (t hn mt s bit
overhead). Luc nay bt m c chen vao t cui ban tin ti cui
khung. Trong khun dang lp tip theo ban tin c chia thanh
trng dai, ban tin vao va CRC. Ban tin c ghep vi cac
trng kiu ban tin c ghep vi trng s lng c nh (nu co)
va ban ghi s lng co th thay i (nu co). Ban ghi c thc
hin cac trng c nh va cac trng b xung khi c yu cu.
mm. S phn lp nay cho phep CDMA thc hin iu chnh, tnh
trc giao cac chc nng lin kt va truy nhp ro rang. H thng
c lp t d dang va cac kiu va cac li phn mm cn thit
c giam i nh s dung phng phap nay. H thng CDMA c
ban c thc hin lp vt ly lp phu ghep, lp tn hiu 2, lp
cac knh nhn tin va truy nhp 2, lp knh ng b 2 va lp iu
khin 3. Cac lp nay cung cp cac dch vu vn chuyn cua may di
ng nh thit lp lu lng va hoan thanh lu lng, iu khin
cng sut, chuyn vung, bao tr, xac nhn khach hang, chc nng
ng ky. Ngoai ra lp vt ly va lp phu ghep c s dung phat
khung (hoc 1 phn khung) cho ng dung cua khach hang.
2) Knh ng b.
Tc s liu cua knh nhn tin la 2400, 4800, 9600 kbps. Knh
nhn tin co th s dung giai tn s khac c phn b trong
CDMA. S lng ln nht 7 knh nhn tin co th c phn b
cho tng giai thng c ch nh. Knh nhn tin co tc 9600
kbps co th thc hin 180 cuc goi nhn tin hi ngh trong mt
giy. iu o co th bi v no co dung lng rt ln. Cac knh
nhn tin kha dung co th c la chon mt cach ngu nhin
CNG NGH CDMA 85
Knh nhn tin chuyn thng tin t tram gc ti may di ng. Cac
ban tin quan trong gm 1 u (overhead), lnh, va s phn b
knh. H thng t bao co th c cu hnh khac nhau tuy thuc
cac yu cu cua cac mi trng khac nhau. Thng tin thit lp h
thng c chuyn i thng qua 4 ban tin overhead. Sau cac ban
tin overhead co cac ban tin tham s h thng, cac ban tin tham s
truy nhp, cac ban tin lit k tng ai ln cn va cac ban tin lit
k knh CDMA.
- Cac ban tin tham s truy nhp gm thng tin trn knh truy
nhp va thit lp tham s iu khin. Mt s tham s iu khin
cung cp hi tip ti may di ng iu khin tc phat cua
may di ng n nh cac knh truy nhp.
Ban tin nhn tin co cac tn hiu nhn tin cua nhiu hn 1 may di
ng. Sau khi cac tn hiu cua may di ng nhn tin ti tram gc
va tram gc nhn c cac tn hiu nay th tram gc se phat i cac
tn hiu nhn tin. Cac lch cp ti cac kiu ban tin khac nhau
c s dung iu khin cac may di ng nht nh. Chung
c s dung cho cac kiu muc ch khac nhau (xac nhn ng ky,
tt cng sut phat cua may di ng khng hp l).
CNG NGH CDMA 86
Cac ban tin phn b knh c s dung phn b cac knh nhn
tin cac tram gc ti cac may di ng va c s dung thay i
cac knh nhn tin. Ngoai ra chung c s dung cho phep may
di ng s dung h thng FM tng t.
Kha nng s dung cac knh nhn tin gm cac phng thc c
bit c goi la phng thc phn khe. Trong phng thc nay
cac ban tin cua may di ng xac nh c truyn i qua cac khe
xac nh trc cac thi im c t trc. May di ng co th
xac nh cac khe ma co th c tram gc s dung thng qua cac
thu tuc ng ky. Cac kiu khe nay xy ra sau mi khoang 2-128 s.
May di ng s dung phng thc khe co th ct ngun vao thi
im khac cac khe c xac nh giam cng sut. Ngoai ra may
di ng co th ch nhn c 1 s khe thng qua s dung cac lnh
cua cac khe knh nhn tin. Hn na nh s dung giao thc, hoan
thanh phat i cua may di ng s dung cac khe co th c thng
bao ti may di ng va kt qua may di ng s dung c quy
(khach hang in thoai cm tay) co th tit kim c quy 1 cach
hp ly.
Cac knh truy nhp tao ra cac cp vi tt ca cac knh nhn tin va
tng knh truy nhp c nhn dang thng qua s dung ma dai
PN khac. Tram gc thc hin tra li cac tn hiu knh truy nhp
nht nh thng qua s dung cac ban tin knh nhn tin. Tng t
may di ng tra li ban tin cua knh nhn tin thng qua s dung
cac ban tin knh truy nhp tng ng vi chung. Cac knh truy
nhp la knh CDMA hoat ng theo phng phap truy nhp ngu
nhin.
CNG NGH CDMA 87
Trong khi cac may di ng ang s dung cac knh lu lng cac
tn hiu c chuyn trc tip qua cac knh lu lng va mt h
CNG NGH CDMA 88
Kha nng s dung cac knh lu lng gm cac ban tin iu khin
cuc goi, cac ban tin iu khin chuyn vung, cac ban tin iu
khin cng sut hng i, cac ban tin an toan/xac nhn va cac ban
tin c s dung thay i cac thng tin c bit cho may di
ng. Phng phap s dung chi tit kiu ban tin c m ta trong
chng 3.1.6 va 3.1.7.
knh truy nhp lin quan ti tao ra, tra li nhn tin, ng ky va
bung n s liu cung thi im nay may di ng c nhn dang
lai va cac ban tin b mt c phn chia c nng cp.
V vy xac nhn khng nh trong cac ban tin c hin trc khi
giai ma s ma hoa ban tin. Hn na trong h thng CDMA mt
mt na ma dai c s dung cho tng khach hang am bao b mt
cuc goi. Qua trnh x ly tao ra mt na ma dai ging nh qua
trnh x ly mt na b mt ting noi c m ta trong IS-54-B c
gn vi thu tuc A.
Knh hng v ghep phn chia theo ma bao gm knh thm nhp
va knh lu lng hng v. Cung nh tram gc, may di ng
khng thit lp thi gian h thng, no khng th thc hin vic do
tm lin kt cho tn hiu knh hng v nhn c. Bi vy, c
tnh iu ch cua knh hng i khac vi c tnh cua knh
hng v. c tnh iu ch cua knh hng v theo kiu ch trc
giao mang 64 tai cac tc 9600, 4800, 2400 hoc 1200 bit/s nh
tai im A trong hnh 3-12. Tc truyn dn bung n thc t
c gii han vi 28,800 ky hiu ma trong mt giy. Kt qua la no
tr thanh xung Walsh vi vn tc c nh 307,200 ma trong mt
giy. Mi xung Walsh c chia thanh 4 xung PN. Vn tc chui
CNG NGH CDMA 97
Tc s liu (bit/s)
Tham s n v
9600 4800 2400 1200
1.228 1.228 1.228 1.228
Tc xung PN Mc/s
8 8 8 8
Tc ma 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 bit/ky hiu ma
Chu ky phat chim 100% 50% 25% 12,5% %
28,80 28,80 28,80 28,80
Tc ky hiu ma Ky hiu/giy
0 0 0 0
CNG NGH CDMA 98
iu ch 6 6 6 6 Ky hiu ma/iu ch
Tc ky hiu iu ch 4800 4800 4800 4800 Ky hiu/giy
307,2 307,2 307,2 307,2
Tc xung Walsh kc/s
0 0 0 0
Thi gian ky hiu iu 208.3 208.3 208.3 208.3
us
ch 3 3 3 3
Xung PN/ky hiu ma 42.67 42.67 42.67 42.67 Xung PN/ky hiu ma
Xung PN/ky hiu iu Xung PN/ky hiu iu
256 256 256 256
ch ch
Xung PN/xung Walsh 4 4 4 4 Xung PN/xung Walsh
Tc s liu
Tham s (bit/s) n v
4800
Tc xung PN 1.2288 Mc/s
Tc ma hoa 1/3 bit/ky hiu ma
Lp ky hiu ma 2 Ky hiu/ky hiu ma
Chu ky phat chim 100.0 %
Tc ky hiu ma 28,800 Ky hiu/giy
Ky hiu ma/ky hiu iu
iu ch 6
ch
Tc ky hiu iu ch 4800 Ky hiu/giy
Tc xung Walsh 307.20 kc/s
Thi gian ky hiu iu
208.33 us
ch
Xung PN/ky hiu ma 42.67 Xung PN/ky hiu ma
Xung/ky hiu iu ch 256 Xung/ky hiu iu ch
Xung PN/Xung Walsh 4 Xung PN/Xung Walsh
1) Ma hoa cun.
Tai im B va C trong hnh 3-12 thc hin cac chc nng sau.
2) Chen
S th t hang -------->
Hang
Ct
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
12 16 19 22 25 28 32 35 38 41 44 48 51 54
1 1 33 65 97
9 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5
2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
5 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
6 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
12 16 19 22 25 28 32 35 38 41 44 48 51 54 57
32 32 64 96
8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6
Trong hnh 3-17, phn bit thng tin (I), ch th cht lng khung
(F) va phn cac bit cui (T) c qui nh cu hnh nh trong
bang 3-4 va phu hp vi tc truyn dn.
Tc Bit thng tin Ch th cht lngkhung Bit
truyn (I) (F) cui
9600 b/s 172 bit 12 bit 8 bit
4800 b/s 80 bit 8 bit 8 bit
2400 b/s 40 bit 8 bit 8 bit
1200 b/s 16 bit 8 bit 8 bit
Biu thc sau la biu thc tao bit cua b ch th cht lng khung.
2) iu ch
Tc s liu
Tham s (bit/s) n v
9600 4800
Tc xung PN 1.2288 1.2288 Mc/s
Tc ma hoa 1/2 1/2 bit/ky hiu ma
Ky hiu iu ch/ky hiu
Lp ma 1 2
ma *
Tc ky hiu iu ch 19,200 19,200 Ky hiu/giy
Xung PN/ky hiu iu
64 64 Xung PN/ky hiu iu ch
ch
CNG NGH CDMA 108
Tc s liu (bit/s)
Tham s n v
9600 4800 2400 1200
1.228 1.228 1.228 1.228
Tc xung PN Mc/s
8 8 8 8
Tc ma 1/2 1/2 1/2 /1/2 bit/ky hiu ma
Ky hiu iu ch/ky hiu
Lp ma 1 2 4 8
ma*
19,20 19,20 19,20 19,20
Tc ky hiu iu ch Ky hiu/giy
0 0 0 0
Xung PN/ky hiu iu
64 64 64 64 Xung PN/ky hiu iu ch
ch
Xung PN/bit 128 128 128 128 Xung PN/bit
3) Lp ky hiu ma
Vic lp cho knh nhn tin va knh lu lng hng i phu thuc
tc s liu cua mi knh. Tc s liu thp yu cu s ln lp
nhiu hn tao ra tc ky hiu iu ch la 19,2 kb/s.
4) Chen khi
5) i tn s liu
<Hnh 3-21> Ngu nhin cua v tr cac bit iu khin cng sut
3.2.4 Bu chui PN
1) Knh dn ng
2) Knh ng b.
<Bang 3-8> Bit thng tin knh lu lng i va v cho ghep knh