EXP-PR-DI030-EN-R0 - 2 - Roles and Procedures PDF

MISCELLANEOUS COURSES
ROLES AND PROCEDURES
TRAINING MANUAL
Course EXP-PR-DI030
Revision 0.1
Exploration & Production
Miscellaneous Courses
Roles and Procedures
MISCELLANEOUS COURSES
ROLES AND PROCEDURES
CONTENTS
1. OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................................5
2. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................6
3. THE OPERATOR TRADE ...............................................................................................7
3.1. ROLE ........................................................................................................................7
3.1.1. Observation ........................................................................................................7
3.1.2. Action..................................................................................................................8
3.1.3. Monitoring ...........................................................................................................9
3.1.4. Reporting ............................................................................................................9
3.1.5. Conclusion ..........................................................................................................9
3.2. THE OPERATOR'S DIFFERENT TASKS ...............................................................10
3.2.1. General Description ..........................................................................................10
3.2.2. Description of the tasks ....................................................................................10
3.2.3. Functional links .................................................................................................11
3.2.4. Line Manager....................................................................................................11
3.2.4.1. The role of the Chief Operator....................................................................11
3.3. EXERCISES............................................................................................................13
4. THE OPERATOR'S MAIN ACTIVITIES .........................................................................14
4.1. OPERATOR INSPECTION TOURS........................................................................14
4.1.1. Who does the inspection tours?........................................................................14
4.1.2. What inspection tours on rotating equipment involves?....................................15
4.1.3. What to do? ......................................................................................................15
4.2. OPERATION ACTIVITIES.......................................................................................22
4.2.1. Sampling...........................................................................................................22
4.2.1.1. Operating precautions ................................................................................22
4.2.1.2. Marking the samples ..................................................................................22
4.2.1.3. Special procedure: Sampling .....................................................................23
4.3. Works follow-up.......................................................................................................24
4.3.1. Works carried out by off-site personnel (contracted or not) ..............................24
4.3.2. Works carried out by on-site personnel (contracted or not) ..............................24
4.4. MAINTENANCE ......................................................................................................25
4.4.1. Terms and Definitions.......................................................................................25
4.4.2. The maintenance concept ................................................................................25
4.4.3. Maintenance operations ...................................................................................26
4.4.4. Classification in terms of maintenance levels ...................................................27
4.4.5. 1st level maintenance .......................................................................................28
4.4.5.1. Definitions ..................................................................................................28
4.4.5.2. General Principles......................................................................................28
4.4.5.3. Production personnel duties.......................................................................28
4.4.5.4. Maintenance personnel duties ...................................................................29
4.4.5.5. 1st level maintenance of surface facilities ..................................................29
Training Manual EXP-PR-DI030-EN
Last revision: 31/05/2007 Page 2 of 94
4.4.6. Machine monitoring ..........................................................................................34

4.4.6.1. Noise ..........................................................................................................34
4.4.6.2. Temperature increases ..............................................................................35
4.4.6.3. Driving power consumption ........................................................................35
4.4.6.4. Operating characteristic tracking................................................................36
4.4.6.5. Vibrations ...................................................................................................36
4.4.6.6. Lubricants...................................................................................................37
4.5. EXERCISES............................................................................................................38
5. THE MAIN SAFETY RULES..........................................................................................43
5.1. WORK PERMIT.......................................................................................................44
5.2. WORK ON POWER-SUPPLIED SYSTEMS ...........................................................44
5.3. WORK IN CONFINED SPACES .............................................................................45
5.4. TRENCHING ...........................................................................................................45
5.5. WORK AT A HEIGHT..............................................................................................46
5.6. HOISTING...............................................................................................................46
5.7. VEHICLES ..............................................................................................................47
5.8. CHANGE MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................47
5.9. SIMOPS ..................................................................................................................48
5.10. DEGRADED SITUATIONS ...................................................................................48
5.11. EXERCISES..........................................................................................................49
6. WORK PERMITS...........................................................................................................51
6.1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES.........................................................................................51
6.1.1. Work Permit System .........................................................................................51
6.1.2. Content of the Work Permit Procedure .............................................................51
6.1.3. Work Permit Forms...........................................................................................52
6.1.3.1. Basic Contents ...........................................................................................52
6.1.3.2. Various Work Permit forms ........................................................................53
6.2. SCOPE....................................................................................................................54
6.2.1. General case ....................................................................................................54
6.2.1.1. When Cold Work Permits are used ............................................................54
6.2.1.2. When Hot Work Permits are used..............................................................54
6.2.1.3. When Confined Space Entry Permits are used ..........................................54
6.2.1.5. When other permits are used .....................................................................54
6.2.2. Exceptions Works subjected to work orders ..................................................55
6.2.3. Exceptions Works performed based on verbal instructions ...........................55
6.2.4. SIMOPS Work Permit System ..........................................................................56
6.3. OTHER DOCUMENTS AND PERMISSIONS .........................................................57
6.3.1. Document and permission validity ....................................................................57
6.3.2. Isolation ............................................................................................................57
6.3.2.1. Electrical isolation ......................................................................................57
6.3.2.2. Process or utility isolation...........................................................................58
6.3.2.3. Cutting and Welding Permit........................................................................58
6.3.2.5. Access permit.............................................................................................58
6.4. KEY PERSONNEL ..................................................................................................59
6.5. WORK PERMIT PROCESS ....................................................................................60
6.6. EXECUTION PHASE ..............................................................................................61
6.6.1. (Re)validation between shifts............................................................................61
6.6.2. Permit management during works ....................................................................61
6.6.3. Suspension of works.........................................................................................62

6.6.4. Closing phase ...................................................................................................62
6.7. WORK PERMITS DETAILS ....................................................................................63
6.7.1. The "request" phase .........................................................................................63
6.7.1.1. The requestor.............................................................................................63
6.7.2. The worker........................................................................................................64
6.7.3. The "preparation" phase ...................................................................................65
6.7.3.1. Conditions encountered and precautions to be taken ................................65
6.7.3.2. Persons in charge / associated isolation and permits ................................65
6.7.4. The "approval" phase .......................................................................................67
6.7.5. The "execution" phase ......................................................................................68
6.7.6. The "acceptance" phase ...................................................................................69
6.8. WORK PERMIT TASKS REQUIRED OF THE OPERATOR...................................70
6.8.1. Permit Preparation............................................................................................70
6.8.2. PID Mark-Up .....................................................................................................70
6.8.3. Initial Permit Opening .......................................................................................73
6.8.4. Daily permit management activities ..................................................................73
6.8.5. Permit closing ...................................................................................................74
6.9. MOST COMMON ANOMALIES REPORTED .........................................................74
6.11. WORK PERMIT FORMS.......................................................................................75
7. GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................................84
8. SUMMARY OF THE FIGURES .....................................................................................87
9. SUMMARY OF THE TABLES........................................................................................88
10. CORRECTIONS FOR EXERCISES ............................................................................89

1. OBJECTIVES

2. INTRODUCTION
In this course, we shall be addressing the role of the operators on the facilities. We shall
demonstrate that this role is essential to ensure the proper operation of the facility, and
more importantly, to ensure optimum safety and environment conditions.
To perform their duties in good conditions, operators will often be required to use
procedures and work permits. We will also be addressing these subjects in this course.
This course describes the generalities associated with the operator trade, but the level of
responsibility may differ slightly according to the site structure and the subsidiary company
with which it is associated.
This position is the starting point of the operation trade. As the operator develops skills in
this position, he will become eligible for appointment as Head Operator or Supervisor.

3. THE OPERATOR TRADE
3.1. ROLE
As mentioned above, the role of the operator is of fundamental importance to the sites. He
acts as the "eyes and arms" of the control room. Furthermore, he is entrusted with the
monitoring of all of the unit facilities and personnel, who works and move from unit to unit.
Owing to his responsiveness, the experience gained and his knowledge in practice and in
theory, he ensures the safe and proper operation of the facilities he is assigned to.
3.1.1. Observation
This is permanent role of capital importance. The purpose of observation is to:
Prevent accidents and damage to equipment. The Operator is required to

anticipate any problems that may occur, by being able to identify abnormal
changes. To do so, he needs to observe any changes in equipment performance,
filling levels, changes in noise, pressure, temperature and p levels, leakage, etc.
To ensure the proper operation of equipment. By recording the functional

parameters of the facilities on site (meters, levels, recorders, etc), he is able to
inform his line manager of any deviation. The Maintenance is then able to take the
necessary preventive measures.
Moreover, this observation role will enable the operator to anticipate any
changes in the process and therefore to point out any process malfunction
that may not have been observed from the control room.
To check the equipment start-up and shutdown phases (for example: Pump
change-over)
To ensure the cleanliness of the facilities (for example: Cloths left hanging
around, fire hose unravelled, etc.)

3.1.2. Action
The operator is required to perform a certain number of tasks on a daily basis as well as
others on an ad-hoc basis, in the event of an emergency or facility servicing/repairs.
These actions involve:
Process:
Within the framework of the "process", he is required to position valves during

efficiency testing, when facilities are started-up and shut down, or at the request
of the control room operators.
He will be responsible for taking samples from wells being tested, finished
products, sea releases, etc. These samples will be used to determine the proper
or improper performance of the units, after laboratory analyses.
He will check that the chemical product injection pumps operate correctly and the
volumes injected.
He will take part in new equipment or facility testing.
He will carry out specific operations (for example: Pigging).
Maintenance:
As regards maintenance, it is he who, trained by a Chief Operator, will make

available the facilities he is entrusted with.
Likewise, he is required to reactivate the facilities after having ensured the

maintenance operations have been successful and after having checked the
equipment or facility has been connected to the appropriate supply lines.
He will perform the preventive maintenance tasks for which he is responsible. (For
example: cleaning filters on the process).
Safety:
He will take an active part in safety drills. He will be fully aware of the locations of
the fire system devices and will know how to use them. He will know how to use
his own safety equipment (evacuation respirator, self-contained breathing
apparatus, as well as the firefighting equipment).

3.1.3. Monitoring
This is an important role for the operator as it is the means by which he will be able to
detect any hazards. This monitoring duty is associated with a temporary activity.
It concerns:
The facilities
The operator will perform his monitoring duties to prevent accidents during
operations such as works (for example: grating not stored away once the works
have been completed).
Personnel
He will be in charge of monitoring the persons working on the site. He will ensure
the equipment used by the works and maintenance teams conforms to the
regulations. He will flag and control hoisting and gamma ray level gage
operations.
He will monitor newcomers and will contribute to their training by coaching them.
3.1.4. Reporting
Reporting is one of the Operator's key roles. The report must be as clear and concise as
possible. Correct implementation of the actions taken in response to the report depends on
the accuracy of the report submitted.
3.1.5. Conclusion
To carry out all of his roles successfully, the operator is required to draw on his own
knowledge and experience regarding facilities.
Moreover, owing to the physical and theoretical (physics, chemistry) knowledge gained
during his training period, he will be unquestionably capable of performing all of these
tasks.

3.2. THE OPERATOR'S DIFFERENT TASKS
In this chapter, we shall not only be addressing the operator's tasks, but also those of the
Chief Operator (C.O.), to clearly distinguish the tasks incumbent on each. Moreover, the
position of C.O. is directly above that of the operator. This means they will often be
required to fulfil these duties during their career.
The information that follows does not constitute a set of rules and may differ from one
subsidiary to another.
3.2.1. General Description
The operator is responsible for the production facility inspections carried out to make daily
recordings and to adjust operating parameters.
He is also responsible for maintenance and 1st degree response.
3.2.2. Description of the tasks
Reactivating the facilities in accordance with the general operation and safety
instructions.
Recording the daily parameters and changing the charts. Drawing up the reports
in the absence of the Chief Operator, writing the inspection reports.
Adjusting the operating parameters according to instructions: Pressure, flow rates,

temperatures, product injections.
Performing maintenance and 1st degree response operations.
Carrying out the scraper launching and acceptance procedures.
Participating in safety tests.
Ensuring the wells are tested in accordance with the schedule.
Taking samples according to the operating instructions.
Participating in the provisioning of equipment for works, in accordance with the

safety instructions that he follows and ensures are adhered to by companies
contracted for works.
Performing safety equipment checks and maintenance.

Participating in the repairs of production equipment.
Ensuring the cleanliness of the facilities.
Checking and tracking chemicals.
Participating in special SIMOPS.
Participating in the start-up of new facilities.
Collecting any information needed to draw-up specific reports as well as daily,

weekly and monthly reports
Notifying his superior of any anomalies detected.
3.2.3. Functional links
The SCDAR personnel, the wire line operators, the contracted parties
3.2.4. Line Manager
The Chief Operator or the Leadman
3.2.4.1. The role of the Chief Operator
General Description:
The Chief Operator is responsible for ensuring proper facility operation and safety.
The Chief Operator is responsible for all of the agents he is in charge of.
Description of the tasks:
Monitoring, organising and checking the work of the operators under him.
He may be required to perform tasks usually entrusted to his operators.
Checking and signing the daily reports.
Submitting requests for materials, tools and consumables.

Signing and managing work permits.
In collaboration with his superior, being responsible for the safety and discipline of
all of the personnel working on the facilities.
In collaboration with his superior, stopping any works that prove to be hazardous
to personnel or facilities.
Being responsible for the cleanliness of the facilities.
Checking the proper operation of the equipment and carrying out delicate tasks
when anomalies have been detected on the facilities.
Checking product injection adjustment
Seeing to the write-up and forwarding of instructions
Ensuring facilities are made available to companies subcontracted for works, in

accordance with the work permits.
Notifying his superior of any anomalies detected.
If necessary, controlling the facilities locally or remotely using an NCS.
Participating in special SIMOPS.
Participating in the start-up of new facilities.
Functional links:
The SCDAR personnel, the wire line operators, the contracted parties, the
logistics, the works, the safety, the laboratory.
Administrative duties:
Keeping a time-record of the personnel under him on the daily report
Preparing specific reports as well as daily, weekly and monthly reports
Participating in the assessment and training of his personnel
Line Manager:
The Leadman or Foreman

3.3. EXERCISES
1. List the main roles of the operator:
2. Which of the tasks below are not incumbent upon the operator?
Reactivating the facilities
Recording the daily parameters
Submitting requests for materials, tooling and consumables
Adjusting the operating parameters according to instructions
Performing maintenance and 1st degree response operations
Signing and managing work permits
Participating in safety tests
Participating in the provisioning of equipment for works
Checking and signing the daily reports
Ensuring the cleanliness of the facilities

4. THE OPERATOR'S MAIN ACTIVITIES
4.1. OPERATOR INSPECTION TOURS
The equipment installed on a petrochemical site or a refinery is subject to wear, and even
under normal operating conditions, wear is inevitable. This is one of the reasons for which
the equipment needs to be monitored.
Wear is heightened in these conditions, and may result in equipment breakdown with
substantial consequences (leakage, fire risk, unavailability of equipment, unit shutdown,
etc.)
The conditions of equipment use may change and deviate from standard values of use
(temperatures, pressures, product qualities) until they become completely abnormal
(cavitation, unpriming, lack of lubrication, etc).
The monitoring of equipment must enable rapid detection of operating incidents that are
already apparent (packing, seal leakage, etc.)
This is the part of the monitoring activity associated with safety.
Rapid detection of abnormal operating conditions (process or mechanical) should enable

the prevention of mechanical incidents. This is the part of the monitoring activity
associated with prevention.
Moreover, daily inspection tours enable the operator to report progress on machine
availability (emergency pumps), to ensure equipment maintenance and servicing is
adequate (filter clogging, etc.), to ensure the safety of the unit (odours, noise, leaks, etc)
and to rapidly detect any operating anomaly (gland-oil obstructed, cavitation, etc).
When performing his role of observation, it is important that the operator does several
inspection tours, as he is required to memorise a number of observations, and will thus be
able to notify his superior of any "abnormal" changes, even if he does not spot the origin of
the phenomenon to begin with.
4.1.1. Who does the inspection tours?
To smell H2S, hear a bearing roll, observe a joint leakage or touch the cooling water outlet
pipe of a packing box, you need to be on the field.
To witness the progress of certain parameters (intensity, pressure, etc), you need to be
aware of the various parameters (process) and monitor them frequently.

The operators on shift match these requirements, as monitoring has always constituted an
important part of their duties.
Systematic readings on critical machines remain the same in terms of both content and
frequency.
Those doing inspection tours will take these

recordings as often as their unit routine requires.
The difference lies in the way in which the rotating

equipment is approached.
Figure 1 : Process pump
4.1.2. What inspection tours on rotating equipment involves?
Nowadays:
Inspection tours are done in all units, and the

safety procedures carried out within the framework
of these inspection tours has proven to be very
effective.
However, the detection of operating anomalies

could be improved, by developing a more
thorough understanding of the equipment
(purpose of this course)
Figure 2 : Rotating equipment: Pump
4.1.3. What to do?
As regards the rotating equipment, while doing his tour, the operator is required to:
Electric Motors
o Touch the bearings to detect:
abnormal temperature
vibrations

o Check the oil level of the bearings

(and refill if necessary)
o Identify any leakage.
o Check to ensure the intensity has

not exceeded the normal value
(maxi).
Figure 3 : Rotating equipment: Pump
Turbines
Caution: Before any turbine is started up, purge the bearings (Presence of water)
o Check:
The oil level of the

bearings (and refill if
necessary)
For vapour leaks on

the gland packing
The lubrication oil

pressure
Figure 4 : Oil level
Centrifugal Pumps (All Types)
o Machines in operation:
Check the overall sound level of the machine: (innate operator skills!)
Bearing noise and vibrations
Cavitation noise (filter or process anomaly)
Check the suction filter - Perform pump change-over if necessary.
Check the temperature of he pump bearings (touch)
Check the bearing vibrations

Check the oil level (and refill if necessary with the machine stopped)
Check there is no water in the

bearings
Translucent purger (purge the

water if necessary)
Identify any oil leakages.
Check the operating

pressure, etc.
Figure 5 : Centrifugal pump
o Machines shut down:
Check the oil level (and refill if necessary)
Check there is no water in the bearings
Translucent purger (purge the water if necessary)
Check the reheating efficiency of pumps on heavy-end tail. (Move

your hand closer: the heat radiates)
o Mechanical Packing (All Types)
Cooling of packing box: Check the efficiency of the cooling water

systems (by touching).
Flushing :
o Check the circulation of the product (by touching, CAUTION:

hot products).
o Check to ensure this system is always in use regardless of

whether the machine is ON or OFF.
Sweep quench:
o Check the setting, and adjust if necessary (light vapour cloud)
Safety quench:
o This system must only be used in the event of a packing leak

(dilution).
Figure 6 : Mechanical packing
o Liquid/Liquid double packing Or Pressurised Liquid/Liquid Tandem

Packing
Sealing liquid pressurisation system:
o Check the system pressure (value between the MIN and MAX).
Values often indicated on the pressure gauge.
o Refill if necessary using the make-up system (hand pump or

hydraulic unit).
For packings on a network (continuous make-up), the pressure must

be maintained at a fixed value.
o Check the circulation of the sealing liquid (inlet/outlet

temperature difference)
o Check the efficiency of the sealing liquid cooling system.

Figure 7 : Double packing
Multistage Centrifugal Pumps
o Check the axial displacement indicated by the shaft end lamp (should be in
the middle position)
o Check the equalisation pressure (P suction + 1 Bar)
Figure 8 : Multistage centrifugal pump

Reciprocating Compressors
o Check the efficiency of the cylinder cooling (touch the cylinder body)
o Check the efficiency of the packing cooling (if any):
o Check the lubrication oil pressure
o Check the casing oil level (and refill if necessary)
o Check the overall sound level
o Check for packing leaks (touch the degassing vents)
o Monitor the vibrations of adjoining piping (risk of support rupture)
o Check the oil level and operation of the Quervel mechanical lubricator
o Check the operation of the packing eductor (if any)
Figure 9 : Reciprocating Compressors

Centrifugal Compressors
o Check the axial displacement
o Check the temperature of the bearings (particularly on the thrust side)
o Check the sound level.
o Check the casing oil levels (and refill if necessary)
o Check for any lubricant oil leakages.
Cooling towers
o Check the sound level (belt

tension)
o Check the temperature of

vibrations of the motor
bearings (touch)
Figure 10 : Cooling towers
Mixer Impellers
o Check the sound level.
o Check the temperature of the

reducer bearings
o Check for any packing leakages
o Check the oil level
Figure 11 : Mixer Impellers

4.2. OPERATION ACTIVITIES
These activities involve complying with and fulfilling the orders issued by the control room
or the Chief Operator.
They include testing wells, isolating circuits, checking for proper valve operation, taking
samples, etc. In this chapter, we will also describe the sampling methods to be used
depending on the type of sample required.
To perform these tasks, a thorough knowledge of the facilities is essential to be able to

identify, locate and manoeuvre them.
The Operator's responsibilities will continue to amplify over time. His tasks will become
increasingly complex as his knowledge of the site develops.
4.2.1. Sampling
4.2.1.1. Operating precautions
The Operator's meticulousness and judgement are required for every sample taking.
Safety and hygiene: be very careful with the flammability and toxicity of products
(breathing vapours, contact with skin)
If possible, take the sample from the vessel which is to be dispatched. This
operating method is essential for volatile products.
Close the vessel as soon as possible after sampling is completed, and check it is
sealed properly.
For safety reasons and with respect to operating requirements, if the vessel is left
open, specify the degassing time on the follow-up data sheet.
4.2.1.2. Marking the samples
To identify the samples correctly, it is mandatory to use:
The sampling label (to be filled in by the operator immediately);
The follow-up data sheet (to be filled in by the Supervisor before the sample is
dispatched for analysis).
Comments:
Use a stub notebook
Label the vessel as soon as the sample has been taken, and number the sample.
Put the label in a plastic pouch and attach it to the neck of the vessel (avoid
sticking the label on the vessel itself).
4.2.1.3. Special procedure: Sampling
The following recommendations must be adhered to when taking liquid sample from an
effluent that may contain H2S:
Wear integral chemical cartridge respirators around the neck, with the blind
washer in position, or self-contained breathing apparatus.
Wear a portable H2S detector, of the MICRO PAC HLS type, switched ON
To avoid facing the wind
Take samples following the normal procedure
If the portable detector alarm sounds:
Put the respirator on immediately (remember to remove the protection plug at the
bottom of the cartridge)
Ensure the sampling valve is closed properly
Leave the area immediately, paying attention to the wind direction. Leave in the
opposite direction
Alert the Control Room
A more accurate measurement of the H2S content will need to be taken at the sampling
point.
This measurement shall be taken by the SEO (safety and environment officer) equipped
with a self-contained breathing apparatus.
If this measurement confirms a H2S content > 10 ppm.v, the sample will need to be taken
using a fresh air respirator (self-contained breathing apparatus, etc).

Note:
If a gas sample needs to be taken (in a PVT type bomb), the same procedure
shall be applied, but operators are required to use self-contained breathing
apparatus rather than a chemical cartridge respirator.
Samples are to be stored outdoors, in a well-ventilated area, not indoors.
Before taking the sample, ensure the detectors of the area concerned have been
isolated, and the inhibition recorded in the relevant file.
After taking the samples, do not forget to put back the safety devices correctly.
4.3. Works follow-up
There are two types of works:
Works carried out by off-site personnel (contracted or not)
Works carried out by on-site personnel (contracted or not)
4.3.1. Works carried out by off-site personnel (contracted or not)
In this case, the risk of accidents is increased as the personnel:
Are not familiar with the facilities
Are not always informed of the risks associated with the site
Do not always react in a quick and self-sufficient way when problems arise. (For
example: Closing a valve on their work site).
For these reasons, it is essential that an Operator is present when works are carried out
on site.
4.3.2. Works carried out by on-site personnel (contracted or not)
Even if the intervening personnel are well aware of the rules and risks of each intervention,
any "non-routine" works must be carried out in the presence of an operator who liaises
between the workers and the control room.
He must be ready to intervene at all times (anomaly during the activity).

He must act as an operational representative.
He monitors activities visually and ensures the special safety conditions specified on the
work permit are fulfilled.
He ensures the works are carried out through to completion and that the area is properly
cleaned (returned to its condition before the works).
4.4. MAINTENANCE
In this chapter, we shall be covering the Operator's maintenance duties. We shall not only
be addressing those incumbent upon the Operator, but also those for which maintenance
is of capital importance, and for which it is imperative to respect the roles of each of the
persons involved.
The maintenance activities described below do not constitute standard rules, as they may
differ according to site or subsidiary.
Operators learn how to pinpoint problems and determine their origins through the
maintenance activities they perform.
Moreover, these activities confer responsibility upon the Operators, making their work
more interesting.
4.4.1. Terms and Definitions
The Maintenance is the organization that ensures the performance and service life of a
production tool required to meet production schedules is optimised at minimum cost.
The Maintenance is required to focus on ensuring the amount of equipment required to

meet the production schedule and the operating costs involved are kept to a minimum.
It also constitutes the measures taken to maintain or restore the specified condition of a
piece of equipment, or to provide a given service at optimum cost.
4.4.2. The maintenance concept
Predetermined criteria==> to reduce the probability of failure or deterioration.
Preventive Maintenance:
Maintain before it breaks!

Systematic: operation log==> operation time
Conditional: dependent on a revealing event type (sensor, wear, analysis of daily

readings...)
Corrective maintenance:
carried out after a failure
4.4.3. Maintenance operations
Preventive maintenance operations:
Inspection
Checks
Maintenance inspections
Testing
Corrective maintenance operations:
Detection
Localization
Diagnosis
Troubleshooting
Repairs
Improvement
Other operations:
Revision
Reconditioning
Reconstruction
Modification
Standard part replacement

4.4.4. Classification in terms of maintenance levels
FIRST LEVEL: Operating Company Action
Simple adjustments recommended by the manufacturer using means accessible

without dismounting or opening the equipment, that do not require tooling, or any
specific spare parts.
SECOND LEVEL:
Troubleshooting by standard replacement of parts provided for such and minor

preventive maintenance operations carried out by an authorised technician, using
the tooling specified in the maintenance procedures.
THIRD LEVEL:
Fault identification and diagnosis
Repairs by replacement of components or functional parts, made by a qualified

technician, using the tooling specified in the maintenance procedures. These
repairs are made either on site or in the workshops.
FOURTH LEVEL:
All important corrective and preventive maintenance works except reconditioning

and reconstruction, carried out by highly qualified personnel in specialised
workshops equipped with the necessary specific tooling.
FIFTH LEVEL:
Reconditioning, reconstruction or substantial repairs entrusted to a specialised

workshop, carried out under the supervision of the manufacturer with the means
defined by the latter.

4.4.5. 1st level maintenance
4.4.5.1. Definitions
Simple adjustments recommended by the manufacturer using means accessible without

dismounting or opening the equipment, that do not require tooling, or any specific spare
parts.
These activities are usually incumbent upon the Operations department.
4.4.5.2. General Principles
The production personnel have full control of their own facilities, whether directly
associated with the extraction, treatment or movement of effluents, or whether they
contribute indirectly to these processes by providing the necessary energies and utilities.
The Maintenance ensures the follow-up of surface equipment condition, informs

Production of results, and takes the appropriate steps.
4.4.5.3. Production personnel duties
The production personnel perform all management operations, for which they are required
to have obtained the necessary skills and training.
Production personnel are provided with adapted documentation: operating instructions and
operating methods.
Normal management operations namely include periodic emergency equipment testing

and the change-over of redundant equipment.
The participation of other departments is recommended if it is deemed judicious in terms of

facility safety and reliability. The production team assumes full responsibility in this case.
The production team monitors facilities and their equipment using instruments they keep at
hand at all times.
If necessary, the maintenance team can provide support and assistance using additional
temporary means.
To ensure operational reliability, maintenance specialists repeat their recommendations,

giving instructions and requesting special procedures whenever appropriate.

They perform 1st level maintenance tasks for which they give specific updated procedure
instructions. Tasks may differ according to the degree of line automation.
Preventive measures regarding production and maintenance are managed using operation
schedule lists and routing sheets on OPTIMIS software.
4.4.5.4. Maintenance personnel duties
All other operations on facilities in use are carried out under the responsibility of the
maintenance team, using their specific means.
The production team is required to grant authorization for these operations by issuing a
work permit or a work request.
If, under particular circumstances, a SCDAR contract has been drawn up (SubContract
with Duty to Achieve a given Result): The MC handles 1st level maintenance, with the
exception of the process facilities for which the Operating Company is responsible.
4.4.5.5. 1st level maintenance of surface facilities
As we have just seen, the role of the operator also involves maintenance tasks. We are
now going to describe the maintenance tasks that fall within the scope of the Operator's
duties.
These activities will be described in terms of the facilities involved.
Wellheads and wells:
Valve lubrication
Instrument inspection
Bolting maintenance
Cabinet maintenance
Hydraulic panel maintenance
Monitoring of parameters
Monitoring of annular spaces
Chemicals injection
Product inventory management

Replacement of chokes and auto choke checks
Sampling
WELLHEADS
OPERATIONS ACTIONS
1st level
Valve lubrication Production
maintenance
1st level
Instrument inspection Production
maintenance
1st level
Bolting maintenance Production
maintenance
1st level
ESDV, SSV, ROV maintenance Production
maintenance
1st level
Cabinet maintenance Production
maintenance
1st level
SCSSV hydraulic control maintenance Production
maintenance
Table 1: Wellhead maintenance
Capacities: Separators, Desalters, Scraper traps, Settlers, Floatation chemicals,

Sump Caisson, Purge tank, Scrubber, Vacuum tower, Hydrocyclone, Filters
Cleaning of gauge glasses
Cleaning of recorders
Cell purging
Controller lubrication
Leakage checks
Manual valve lubrication
Zero checks
Plant air checks
Outlet manipulation
Loop testing
Replacement of gauges
Chemicals injection
SEPARATORS
OPERATIONS ACTIONS
Cleaning of gauge glasses 1st level maintenance Production
Cleaning of recorders 1st level maintenance Production
Cell purging 1st level maintenance Production
Controller lubrication 1st level maintenance Production
Leakage checks Monitoring Production
Manual valve lubrication 1st level maintenance Production
Zero checks Monitoring Production
Plant air checks Monitoring Production
Outlet manipulation Line Production
Instrument calibration Maintenance Maintenance
Loop test Monitoring Production
Loop checks and adjustment Maintenance Maintenance
Replacement of gauges 1st level maintenance Production
Table 2: Example of capacity maintenance

Heat engines:
Periodic tests
Fuel management
Water and oil level checks
Start-up system checks
HEAT ENGINES
OPERATIONS ACTIONS
Periodic tests Monitoring Pro. / Maint.
Fuel management Line Production
Water and oil level checks Monitoring Production
Start-up system checks (air, battery) Monitoring Production
Periodic maintenance (draining, filters, injector setting) Maintenance Maintenance
Table 3: Heat engine maintenance

Rotating machines:
Shutdown, start-up, speed change, checks: Noise, Vibrations, Leaks,

Temperatures, Filters, Levels
Performance parameter recording
ROTATING MACHINES (in general)
OPERATIONS ACTIONS
Shutdown, start-up, speed change Line Production

Noise, vibration, leak, temperature, filter, level
Monitoring Production
checks
Performance parameter recording Line Production
Status parameter recording Monitoring Production

1st level
Oil make-up Production
maintenance
1st level
Lubrication Production
maintenance
Draining Maintenance Maintenance
1st level
Filter replacement Maintenance
maintenance
Packing checks Monitoring Production
1st level
Stuffing box adjustment Maintenance
maintenance
Packing replacement Maintenance Maintenance
COMPRESSORS
Purging of scrubbers, drums, cylinders Monitoring Production
GAS TURBINE
Starting compressor washing programme Monitoring Maintenance
Compressor washing Maintenance Maintenance
Table 4: Maintenance of rotating machines, compressors, gas turbines

4.4.6. Machine monitoring
Machine monitoring encompasses any method, practice, process or technique used, while
the machines are in operation, to diagnose the condition of equipment, to determine what
is happening, what will happen and what may happen to increase machine availability and
to reduce costs.
The production operator undertakes periodic inspection tours of the facilities.

When he does his inspection tour, he records parameters on record log sheets to note the
proper operation of machines.
The production operator is required to make the most of these "compulsory tours" to
ensure the machines are monitored accurately. We are now going to look at how
machines can be monitored accurately.
Means available:
Noise
Temperature increases
Driving power consumption
Operating characteristic tracking
Lubricants
Vibrations
4.4.6.1. Noise
Of all of the machines monitored, the most efficient and reliable machine that is far from
breakdown and that is likely to have a long service life is always the machine that makes
the least noise, as silence is a revealing sign of efficiency.
No two machines will ever generate the same noise.
Moreover, the geographical location of a machine will alter the noise generated by a given
machine, as their standing positions always differ, and consequently, echoes are
obstructed by elements in the immediate environment, altering the initial noise emitted.
As one becomes familiar with general machine noises and the purring of its engines,
anomalies can be detected innately.
Abnormal noises generated by a machine are a revealing sign of malfunctioning that may
result in damage.

It is important to be able to identify the different types of noise:
Bearing in good condition, well-mounted, well-

Soft purring
lubricated and operating without overload
Squeaking Lack of lubricant
Tinny effect Not enough clearance
Clear, regular sound Recesses on the ring track
Modulated noise Damaged inner ring
Intermittent noise Damaged bearing part
Rattling Solid foreign body or cavitation
Table 5: Noise monitoring
4.4.6.2. Temperature increases
Friction creates heat energy.
Any bearing, casing, reducer or large device incorporating a lubricant tank must be fitted
with a temperature indicator that must be checked periodically.
If it is not fitted with a temperature indicator, manual periodic check (inner side tolerated on
the bearing =+/-55) may usually suffice as oil oxidation only becomes severe at 70.
The cause of any anomaly (temperature rises) must be determined without delay (grinding,
overload, lack of lubrication, misalignment, etc), failing which, the machine must be
shutdown for inspection and overhaul as temperature increases are detrimental to the
lubricating properties of the oils.
4.4.6.3. Driving power consumption
This must be monitored periodically with meticulous care as any breakdown process
increases the driving power from the onset (friction of rings, bearings, impeller, mechanical
packing, etc.)
Moreover, changes in the driving power consumption of a given machine has an impact on
machine life (decrease in energy due to grinding, increase in energy with part wear)

Caution! A change in machine load established by the Operating Company may cause
variations in driving power consumption that are far more significant than those caused by
mechanical phenomenon.
4.4.6.4. Operating characteristic tracking
Analysing any changes in machine operation characteristics enables operators to

determine the condition of these same machines.
These characteristics namely comprise: Discharge pressure, flow rate, temperatures,

quantity of removed condensates, intensity.
These values can be recorded using the machine instrumentation that must be kept in
good condition and calibrated on a regular basis.
4.4.6.5. Vibrations
Vibration is a relatively complex phenomenon that is characteristic of each machine.
Analysis of vibratory phenomena requires very specific training and equipment that is often
expensive.
Nevertheless, the occurrence of vibrations that can be heard, felt (hands on the ground),
or detected using sensors, is always a sign of damage that can have extremely rapid
consequences.
The three main causes of vibrations are:
Unbalance
Misalignment
Poor ground attachment

4.4.6.6. Lubricants
Quantitative Check:
Any deviation between the maximum and minimum level must be explained.
Beyond the maximum value, excess oil (or foreign liquid) may hinder or prevent
correct lubrication.
Below the minimum, a lack of oil can quickly result in an incident caused by rupture
of the lubricating film.
Qualitative Check
Periodic checks of colour and viscosity, analysis of deposits and chemical

composition and solid deposit checks may be carried out under the supervision of
the maintenance team to verify the quality and characteristics of the lubricants, to
check bearing wear and to determine phases of degradation.
The Production Operator can make a diagnosis before damage is aggravated or a

breakdown occurs, by performing a visual check (presence of foam, for example),
or by touching (smoothness or foreign body). This type of diagnosis is, however, too
basic to be reliable.

4.5. EXERCISES
3. What is the main reason for which equipment must be monitored?
4. To detect the smell of H2S, to hear un bearing roll, or to observe a joint leakage, the
operator is required to:
Be in the control room
Be on the field
5. What is the purpose of monitoring parameters frequently?
6. Generally, operation anomaly detection procedures provide good results.
True
False
7. List two tasks that the operator is required to complete whilst doing his tour, concerning
rotating equipment and particularly electric motors.
rotating equipment and particularly centrifugal pumps in operation.

rotating equipment and particularly centrifugal pumps not in operation.
rotating equipment and particularly reciprocating compressors.
rotating equipment and particularly centrifugal compressors.
rotating equipment and particularly cooling towers.
rotating equipment and particularly mixer impellers.
14. List 4 precautionary measures to be taken when sampling.

15. What are the 4 recommendations that must be adhered to when taking liquid sample
from an effluent that may contain H2S?
16. 1st level maintenance consists of:
Repairs by replacement of components or functional parts, made by a qualified

technician, using the tooling specified in the maintenance procedures. These
repairs are made either on site or in the workshops.
Simple adjustments recommended by the manufacturer using means accessible

without dismounting or opening the equipment, that do not require tooling, or
any specific spare parts.
Troubleshooting by standard replacement of parts provided for such and minor

preventive maintenance operations carried out by an authorised technician,
using the tooling specified in the maintenance procedures.
17. Periodic emergency equipment testing and the change-over of redundant equipment
are tasks incumbent upon the operator.
True
False
18. List 3 tasks that the Operator is required to carry out whilst working on wellheads.

19. List 3 tasks that the Operator is required to carry out whilst working on capacities.
20. List 3 tasks that the Operator is required to carry out whilst working on heat engines.
21. List 3 means by which the Operator can monitor the machines whilst doing his tour.
22. Of all of the machines monitored, the most efficient and reliable machine that is far
from breakdown and that is likely to have a long service life is always the machine that
makes the least noise.
True
False
23. Friction does not create heat energy.
True
False

24. An increase in driving power, without changes in load made by the Operating
Company, is a revealing sign of the start of a fault.
True
False
25. Analysing any changes in machine operation characteristics does not enable operators
to determine the condition of these same machines in any case.
True
False
26. Name one of the main causes of vibrations:
27. What are the two checks that need to be carried out on lubricants?

5. THE MAIN SAFETY RULES

Safety management is one of the main concerns of the Total Group. Our different activities
manage industrial risks of all kinds, associated with reservoir development and
hydrocarbon production.
Safety is focused on the protection of personnel performing everyday tasks at their

respective workstations.
Each different job involves specific risks. This is why we have established ten rules that
shall be described in this chapter, and that are based on experience. These cover the
most frequently encountered situations of Exploration & Production sites.
Compliance with these rules will significantly contribute to preventing accidents in this field.
These rules should be respected in the interest of each and every one of us on a day-to-
day basis.
By making every endeavour to meet the safety improvement objective that is a decisive
vehicle of progress, together, we can continue to improve results.
These ten rules will contribute to the development of our HSE culture within the field of
Exploration & Production.
Most of the works we carry out include tasks that, although routine, can be dangerous.
The 34 deaths suffered by Exploration & Production personnel since 1998 were due to:
Vehicle accidents 35 %
Explosions / burns 26 %
Trapping 11 %
Falling 11 %
Drowning 9%
Electrocution 4%
Impact due to falling objects 4%
Adhering to these simple rules can prevent accidents and save lives.

5.1. WORK PERMIT
All works carried out on site, other than "routine" works (defined in an official list
disseminated throughout the company) require a Work Permit.
The permit issuer ensures the works and tasks are clearly mentioned and that an
analysis of the operational risk is carried out,
if requested, specific additional permits (pertaining to confined spaces, isolation of

power-supplied systems, trenching, etc.) may be issued by an authorised person
before the work is undertaken,
to perform several distinct tasks on one piece of equipment, the person in charge
establishes a link between all of the associated permits and documents,
the on-site works supervisor ensures all of the conditions prior to permit issuance
have been met, before and during the works,
The Work Permit system formalises the return to normal operations.
5.2. WORK ON POWER-SUPPLIED SYSTEMS
Works requiring the isolation of energy sources (hydraulic, mechanical, electric,

process, etc.) may only be undertaken if the following conditions have been
fulfilled:
prior identification of all of the tasks for which isolation is necessary, to ensure
operations are strictly controlled,
definition of the method to be used to isolate and discharge the energy stored,
discharge of the energy,
use of a fail-safe locking and labelling system that authorises over-isolation when
there are several distinct tasks,
checking for proper initial isolation and regular efficiency checks,
recording of the isolation start and finish time in a specific log.

5.3. WORK IN CONFINED SPACES
Entering a confined space is strictly prohibited, and no work may be carried out
therein unless the following requirements have been met with:
all other options have been dismissed and the appropriate authorities have been
notified of the reasons for entering a capacity,
a work permit has been established and approved, and includes all information
pertaining to the intervention and emergency plan,
all sources of energy and fluids have been isolated and secured,
atmosphere tests have been completed, checked and repeated as often as

necessary. The results of the latter have been recorded,
an agent (or team) with the appropriate training and equipment shall stand guard,
ready to act,
all unauthorized access shall be prevented.
5.4. TRENCHING
It is strictly prohibited to commence any trenching works (i.e. ground penetration

exceeding 300 mm of depth), whether manual or mechanic, including sea or river
dredging, until the following conditions have been fulfilled:
an appropriate work permit has been established and approved with all of the
adequate plans,
all underground hazards (lines, cables, etc.) have been identified, located and
marked on site, and if necessary, isolated,
the ground movement prevention methods (such as cave-in of trench walls) have
been assessed and finalised,
the trenching work has been conceived with consideration for confined space
specificities, and the related safety precautions will be applied.

5.5. WORK AT A HEIGHT
It is strictly prohibited to undertake any work at a height (involving a potential fall

from a height of over 2 metres) without supervision, and without:
a fixed platform or scaffolding with guardrails, checked by a qualified person

before use and at regular intervals. An established labelling system for
inspections and access control shall be provided, or
a movable platform, designed and manufactured for personnel use, or
fall arrester equipment, comprising a safety harness and an appropriate

anchorage point (ideally at a height). The equipment must incorporate a shock
absorption system and must limit any fall to less than 2 metres,
the transfer of personnel by cable is authorised in exceptional cases only, and this
type of operation is carried out under the following conditions: validated work
permit, specially adapted and certified hoisting equipment, stoppage of
simultaneous operations of any type, permanent supervision by a qualified
employee.
5.6. HOISTING
No work involving a crane, a hoist or any other such mechanical devices, including
lift trucks, may be initiated if the following conditions have not been fulfilled:
the hoisting equipment and method have been defined by an authorised person,
the persons participating in the operation are qualified and trained. The cranes,
lifts and trucks are manoeuvred by certified personnel,
all of the safety devices for the hoisting equipment are in proper operating
condition,
all of the hoisting devices and accessories (slings, shackles, etc.) have been
inspected and certified as suited for use,
a colour-marking, or similar system is used for identification of equipment,
the load has been determined and does not exceed its maximum capacity,
each item of hoisting equipment has been visually inspected before use.

5.7. VEHICLES
Excess speed is not acceptable, even for operating reasons. The following
precautions shall be taken for all vehicles:
the drivers will respect the driving rules, regulations and policies in force,
speed limits will be strictly adhered to,
all vehicles must be suited for the scheduled operation, inspected and authorised
for use,
any person driving a company vehicle must have completed a preventive driving
course and revision lessons as required,
each passenger will be allocated a seat, and will wear their seat-belt fastened
when the vehicle is in motion,
passengers and goods will not be transported in the same vehicle compartment,
the use of mobile phones and walkie-talkies is prohibited when driving,
special precautions will be taken to provide for risky situations or conditions that
may be hazardous when driving.
5.8. CHANGE MANAGEMENT
The possible impact that any changes may have on the working conditions on site
must be determined, using an appropriate means of risk assessment or by
implementing compensatory measures, if necessary. These changes may include:
modifications made to an operational site, to its safety devices and equipment,
modifications made to the operating and safety conditions or parameters,
organisational changes,
change-over of personnel, particularly at positions that are critical for safety,
changes in procedure,
changes in materials or substances used.

5.9. SIMOPS
All SIMultaneous OPerationS of production and construction, and production and

drilling, (SIMOPS) are likely to increase risk levels. Consequently, these SIMOPS
must not commence until:
authorised representatives have completed preliminary inspection of the facilities,
the risks involved have been identified, assessed and analysed,
all of the recommendations derived from risk analysis have been implemented,
the responsibilities for the SIMOPS have been allocated and a SSEM (site
environment safety manager) has been appointed,
SIMOPS-specific meetings have been scheduled and organised,
the SIMOPS file has been submitted and approved,
formal authorization to proceed with the operations has been granted by the
Operations Manager (or Technical Manager) pursuant to site inspection.
5.10. DEGRADED SITUATIONS
Any situation in which the risk level has been temporarily increased in comparison
with the normal situation must be treated as a "degraded situation" in accordance
with the following principles:
the management team is formally notified of the situation,
the risks involved are identified and analysed,
compensatory measures to reduce these risks have been defined and approved,
enforced and checked on a regular basis,
a list of "degraded situations" is updated every day on the site and made available
to the personnel concerned.

5.11. EXERCISES
28. The ten rules listed in this chapter cover the most frequently encountered situations on
the Exploration & Production sites. These rules are based on experience feedback.
True
False
29. List 5 of the causes of the deaths suffered by Exploration & Production personnel.
30. All works carried out on site, other than "routine" works (defined in an official list
True
False
31. Works requiring the isolation of energy sources (hydraulic, mechanical, electric,
process, etc.) may be undertaken once the isolation has been checked, and if its
efficiency is checked regularly.
True
False
32. Nobody is allowed to enter a confined space and no works may be carried out therein
without an agent (or team) with the appropriate training and equipment standing guard,
ready to act.
True
False

33. It is strictly prohibited to undertake any work at a height (involving a potential fall from a
height of over 20 metres) without fall arrester equipment comprising a complete safety
harness and an appropriate anchorage point.
True
False
34. No work involving a crane, a hoist or any other such mechanical devices, including lift
trucks, may be initiated unless all of the hoisting devices and accessories (slings,
shackles, etc.) have been certified as suited for use after inspection.
True
False

6. WORK PERMITS
Work permits are essential documents for Operators. Operators handle these documents
several times a day. Operators need to understand the general principles of the work
permit, its scope, the documents and permissions associated therewith, how it is
established and the personnel concerned, to be able to read it and understand the ins and
outs of it.
Reminder: This document is not any form of substitute for the "specific work permit"
training. Although relatively detailed, it represents a general view intended to present the
work permit mechanisms.
The essential work permit requirement is thorough understanding of facility

operation.
Operators can therefore anticipate any untimely phenomena during the works and
take the measures required to remedy inconvenient situations (for example: A length
of cable has been isolated for works; what "process" change could possibly occur that
would render the isolation inefficient?
6.1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
This chapter describes the work permit and comprises extracts from CR EP HSE 036
(07/05).
6.1.1. Work Permit System
All of the works to be completed within the framework of operations carried out by an entity
shall be governed by the risk management principles established in CP EP HSE 031, and
namely on the basis of a consistent Work Permit.
6.1.2. Content of the Work Permit Procedure
The Work Permit procedure:
describes the overall process and the various stages included before an
intervention is carried out: Preparation, approval, execution and closing;
identifies the main participants, their prerogatives and their respective roles in this
process;
defines the type, the model and the content of the various Work Permit forms, as
well as their respective scopes, the restrictions and the exceptions for use.
6.1.3. Work Permit Forms
6.1.3.1. Basic Contents
The Work Permit procedure uses dedicated forms, that comprise or formalise:
a detailed description of the work entailed. It includes the identification of the

worksite, of the unit or the equipment involved as well as the resources required
(team or service company contracted, list of the specific tools and equipment to
be used), the duration of the work, etc.
the hazards involved in the HSE field. These include all of the risks associated
with the intervention, with the work area and with the neighbouring facilities as
well as any potential interference with other works or operations;
the precautionary and operational measures (mitigation and rescue) deemed

necessary, and the checks performed to ensure effective implementation of the
latter at the onset of the works and between shifts;
the references of all relevant documents: preliminary meeting reports, risk

assessment and safety analyses, procedures, drawings, associated permits,
associated inhibition/isolation certificates, etc;
the signature of the personnel involved in the preparation, consolidation and

approval of the permit, with mention of the permit validity period;
(re)validation between shifts by the personnel in charge of performing and

monitoring the works;
provisioning of facilities or equipment required by the team of workers before

works are initiated, and return of to operations unit when the works are completed;
the measures required to ensure full acceptance of the work and the checks
performed to ensure effective implementation of these measures;
the official Work Permit closing.

6.1.3.2. Various Work Permit forms
The Work Permit procedure is based on various forms that are easily distinguishable.
Three different types of form will be available:
a standard form (the most commonly used) referred to as the Cold Work Permit.
a specific form covering all hot work, referred to as the Hot Work Permit. This
Hot Work Permit form must clearly distinguish between hot work involving "Open
flame" and hot work involving No Open Flame,
A specific form covering all types of access to a confined space, referred to as the
Confined Space Entry Permit.
Depending on the organisational context and the nature of the operations, the different
entities may consider developing and implementing other forms:
specific Work Permit forms with special check-lists used to identify and assess the
risks involved in certain types of work, as a replacement for the "standard" Work
Permit forms;
a simplified form, referred to as the Work Order.

6.2. SCOPE
6.2.1. General case
Usually, all works require the use of one or several permits. The one or several
appropriate forms will be chosen according to the nature of the various tasks to be
completed, as described below. Exceptions to this rule are given in 4.2.2 and 4.2.3.
6.2.1.1. When Cold Work Permits are used
The Cold Work Permit form always applies to all types of work other than that covered by
a more specific form.
6.2.1.2. When Hot Work Permits are used
A Hot Work Permit is required instead of (or, if necessary, in addition to) the Cold Work
Permit when the work involves real or potential ignition sources, particularly:
open flame sources, generating sparks or heat (such as flame cutting, welding,
grinding), unless these are used in workshops or areas designed specifically for
this purpose, and located at a safe distance from hazardous areas. On the
corresponding Hot Work Permit , the Open Flame checkbox must be selected;
other potential sources of ignition (such as hand tools, equipment that is not or no
more intrinsically safe) located or used within or near to a hazardous area that
cannot be isolated. On the corresponding Hot Work Permit , the No Open
Flame checkbox must be selected;
6.2.1.3. When Confined Space Entry Permits are used
A Confined Space Entry Permit is required in addition to the Cold Work Permit or the
Hot Work Permit when the works involve entering a capacity or tank under pressure, or
require the presence of personnel in a confined space - i.e. a space with limited natural
ventilation and in which a hazardous atmosphere exists or could develop.
6.2.1.5. When other permits are used
For the other forms likely to be developed and used within the entity, the scope must be
specified by the Work Permit procedure in the same way.

6.2.2. Exceptions Works subjected to work orders
Some works or tasks may only require a Work Order, as long as the conditions described
below are fulfilled:
the works are carried out regularly, several times a year, for example;
the analysis of the risks involved clearly specifies that the works are not unusually
dangerous and are not of high risk;
the works are subjected to detailed procedures including an exhaustive list of all
of the potential dangers and of the precautions to be taken, and these procedures
have been thoroughly tried and tested and declared appropriate;
the works are carried out by appropriately trained and experienced employees or
contracted personnel who belong to the permanent on-site organization;
the works are included on the "list of works subjected to a Work Order", duly
approved by the entity's operational Management team.
These permits apply, for example to recurrent preventive maintenance tasks.
6.2.3. Exceptions Works performed based on verbal instructions
Some activities may only require verbal instructions, and consequently no standard or
specific work permit or Work Order - as long as the conditions described below are
fulfilled:
activities are part of the normal operation of facilities and equipment according to
design specifications, and within the operating limits recommended by the
manufacturers;
they are supported by appropriate schedules, procedures, instructions, check-lists

or operating manuals,
they are carried out by appropriately trained and experienced employees or

contracted personnel who belong to the permanent on-site organization;
they are referenced on the "list of works not subjected to a permit", duly approved
by the entity's operational Management team.
The following activities are examples of this type of scenario:
operational activities regularly carried out such as the adjustment of process

parameters, the shutdown, start-up and replacement of equipment, crane and
hoisting vehicle operations in dedicated handling areas, sampling using specific
apparatus, facilities inspections and checks, etc.

drilling and work-over activities covered by the corresponding drilling/work-over

programme;
regular logistics activities or marine operations such as cargo handling,

transferring personnel, navigation, driving trucks or cars, etc, as long as the
specified prerequisites have been fulfilled: acceptable weather/wind conditions
and sea state, absence of potential interference with the facilities installed or with
other operations carried out in the area, etc.
all activities related to rescue and response to emergency situations.
As these activities have not been formalised by means of a permit, it is important that they
are carefully co-ordinated and supervised to prevent interference with other works.
6.2.4. SIMOPS Work Permit System
When simultaneous operations are carried out, the Work Permit is adapted when the
SIMOPS file is established so as to consider the highest risk levels involved.
In particular:
the lists of exceptions (works subjected to a Work Order", works based on verbal
instructions) are revised and modified, if necessary;
the interference between different works is reassessed with consideration for the
SIMOPS requirements and any further restrictions or stricter rule - if necessary -is
clearly identified;
the Work Permit approval process is revised to conform to the organisational

changes and to the responsibilities of the SSEM for the duration of the SIMOPS. It
is important to ensure the SSEM responsible for the SIMOPS approves all of the
permits and the associated daily log covering all of the works performed in the
SIMOPS area.

6.3. OTHER DOCUMENTS AND PERMISSIONS
6.3.1. Document and permission validity
Isolation, permission to "get around using a vehicle", permission "for works" or "transport
for degassing" are not necessarily associated with work permits.
Other additional permissions or documents may only be obtained with a WP, and are
associated therewith.
The WP expiry date also applies to all of the additional permissions granted with this
permit.
Additional permissions may not be considered as a replacement for the WP.
6.3.2. Isolation
Isolation includes all of the provisions necessary to lock-out a machine, device or facility
such that its state can only be changed (restarting of a machine, closing of an electric
circuit, opening of a valve, etc.) once the operating conditions have been restored and
checked with the consent of all of the persons involved.
An isolation sheet is used to formalise the process involving isolation and de-isolation, as it
requires the attention of qualified and informed persons (Operating Company, electrician,
mechanic).
6.3.2.1. Electrical isolation
Once the electrical isolation is carried out, the Isolation Manager dates (date/time) and
signs the record.
The person carrying out the operation receives a red token (electrical or electrical lock-out
isolation) that he keeps until the work has been completed, and gives back to the Isolation
Manager to de-isolate the equipment.
If a device or piece of equipment is subjected to several isolation operations (several

tokens or certificates), it cannot be de-isolated until ALL of the isolation tokens or
certificates have been handed in.
The original (yellow) is posted up in the control room.

Sheet 2 (pink) with a protective plastic cover may be attached to the label (on site),
depending on the equipment, for process or utility isolation.
Sheet 3 (blue) remains in the possession of the Operational Manager.
6.3.2.2. Process or utility isolation
This type of isolation may be associated with a mechanical part or a fluid. The procedure is
identical to that of electrical isolation.
6.3.2.3. Cutting and Welding Permit
This is mandatory for all hot work (use of equipment generating, or likely to generate a
heat source) carried out on facilities with a fire or explosion risk, outside of the permanent
work points.
Certain usual operations, that do not involve the use or generation of flames, may be
exempt from Cutting and Welding Permits as long as a specific procedure has been drawn
up. The procedure specifies the means implemented and the level of qualification of the
operating personnel.
It is issued by the Operations Supervisor (OS)
It is signed by the OM and SEO. The OM and SEO are required to re-validate it
along with the WP before each new task.
Hot work may not be commenced until the following conditions have been fulfilled:
the OM and OS have marked out the area of intervention,
all precautions specified on the work permit have been satisfied,
the atmosphere test has proven absence of explosiveness,
the SEO has recorded the test results on the Cutting and Welding permit,
Having acknowledged the results of the atmosphere test, the OM has signed the
WP and the Cutting and Welding Permit.
6.3.2.5. Access permit
This is mandatory for one or more external company agents to access a vessel.

It is issued and signed jointly by the OS, the OM and the SEO.
Permission to access a device may only be granted if the appropriate sign has been
affixed to each of the access points.
Red disk : access prohibited
Yellow disk : access subjected to specific authorization by the OM and the SEO
Green disk : access authorised
The colour of the disk to be affixed to the access points is determined by both the OM and
the SEO according to the atmosphere test results and to the works scheduled.
6.4. KEY PERSONNEL
For each activity site or area, the Work Permit procedure identifies each job or position
playing a key role in the Work Permit process, namely:
the SSEM (or his representative) as defined in rule CR EP HSE 035 ;
the Operational Manager, i.e. the person technically responsible for the operations
carried out and for the entity's facilities in place on the work site, if any;
the Permit Control Manager, i.e. the person responsible for preparing the permits,
according to the work site organization requirements, (usually the permit co-
ordinator, the Operational Manager or one of his appointed representatives);
the HSE representative, i.e. the person responsible for checking the HSE aspects
of the various activities conducted on the site (usually the HSE supervisor or
advisor);
the Shift Leader, i.e. the person responsible, for the duration of the shift, for the
overall, continuous monitoring and supervision of the equipment and works within
a given area;
The Requestor, i.e. the person having requested the Work Permit;
The Operations Supervisor, i.e. the person responsible for performing the works
(usually a department leader or supervisor, a representative appointed by a
service provider). Whenever possible, the Operations Supervisor will be he who
requested the Work Permit. This guarantees his full commitment to the work
preparation process.

6.5. WORK PERMIT PROCESS
The Work Permit process is governed by the following key principles:
a permit expires 14 days after its approval, or 7 days after the start of the works,
at the latest. A "open flame" Hot Work Permit expires 7 days after the date of
issue, or 2 days after the start of the works, the first to occur.
a permit is submitted for approval at least 24 hours before the date on which the
works are scheduled to begin;
a permit is issued for one job only, i.e. a set of interdependent tasks to be
performed by one team in one area. Consequently, the following scenarios may
not be covered by one common permit: tasks that are not directly related, works
performed in 2 different places, the activities of 2 different service companies, etc;
a permit holds the references of all associated inhibition / isolation permits,

documents and certificates. Likewise, all inhibition / isolation certificates hold the
references of all permits requiring such inhibition or isolations. According to rule
CR EP HSE 031, a multiple inhibition / isolation system is implemented to ensure
no inhibition, override mechanism, electrical, mechanical or process isolation is
removed before all of the corresponding permits have been officially closed;
a standard or specific permit approved by both the Operational Manager and the
SSEM. A Work Order is approved by the Operational Manager.

6.6. EXECUTION PHASE

6.6.1. (Re)validation between shifts
Before works begin or are resumed with a new team, each standard permit, specific permit
or Work Order is (re)validated. It is important to ensure the following conditions are
fulfilled:
the work permit has been approved, is still valid, and all associated documents
are attached. It is noted "in progress" for the team in the latest register review;
the persons involved have been informed of the various tasks required of them,
the associated hazards and the measures to be taken, by means of meetings held
before works begin or during the course of the works, of which any reports are
attached to the permit;
all resources are available, including the equipment and tools required for the
works and the supervising team;
the conditions associated with the works and facilities are those taken into
account or provided for during the preparation phase;
all of the compensatory measures (including inhibitions and isolations) have been
checked carefully for proper implementation and efficiency, and the corresponding
boxes have been selected in the Work Permit;
t he Work Permit is (re)validated by the Shift Leader, the Representative of the

Operational Manager (i.e. the team in charge of continuous or periodic
supervision of the works, depending on the case) and the Operations Supervisor.
6.6.2. Permit management during works
In addition to the original form, at least one copy of each Work Permit is systematically
printed.
While the works are in progress, the original copy of the Work Permit and the associated
documents are posted up near to the work area. A copy is held in the permit control room
(this may be the control room, if any, or the Shift Leader's office etc.), in the register
dedicated to permits in progress.
Should the works be discontinued, the original form is returned to the Shift Leader, who
ensures it is kept with its copies in the permit control room, for future use.

6.6.3. Suspension of works
A permit must be suspended:
in the event of a general alarm or specific instructions given by the Shift Leader,
the Operational Manager or the SSEM;
if risks can no longer be controlled in a satisfactory manner and/or one of the

requirements stipulated in the permit is no longer met with.
If works are suspended, the conditions in which they may be resumed are established and
approved by the Operational Manager. Re-assessment of the work conditions and
comprehensive revalidation between shifts are required at the very least.
6.6.4. Closing phase
The permit is closed once all of the works have been completed, the validity period has
expired or the works have been suspended and revalidation unauthorized (in the last two
cases, the works cannot be resumed unless a new permit has been requested and
issued).
Once all of the works have been completed, the acceptance process is formalised under
the responsibility of the Operational Manager and includes, if applicable and relevant:
tests, inspections and checks including a visit to and visual inspection of the work
site;
identification of the inhibitions and isolations to be maintained and those to be

removed before equipment and facilities may be reactivated
re-start instructions and the associated precautions;
no load/on load operating tests;
The provisioning or acceptance certificate, including any reservations.
The signatures of the Operations Supervisor and Operational Manager are required to
close the permit.
Once closed, the original copy of the Work Permit, its appendices and associated
documents are filed for at least one year.

6.7. WORK PERMITS DETAILS
The Work Permit breaks down into five sections, which are detailed in this chapter:
the request
the preparation
the approval
the execution
the acceptance
Reminder: For any scheduled work, the Work Permit will be established at least 2 days in
advance.
6.7.1. The "request" phase
This section is completed by:
The requestor
The worker
6.7.1.1. The requestor
"1" in the figure
This is a person with knowledge of the works to be carried out (external or TFEA line
position).
He is required to:
clearly specify:
the work to be completed,
the equipment to be used,
the workteam staffing.
clearly specify:

the facility concerned,
the level (e.g. 22 m)
the equipment (e.g. DS201)
describe the available documents and data (procedures, WOM, sketches, etc)
specify the dates and times of operation (7 days max.)
6.7.2. The worker
"2" in the figure
This will be the person in charge of conducting the works (Performance Manager) on the
field.
In practice, it is the Leadman or the Site Foreman of the company with Leadman
authorization.
He is required to:
enter his surname, forename and position (Leadman or Site Foreman)
the main equipment to be used
the workteam staffing
Figure 12 : Work Permit: The "request" phase

6.7.3. The "preparation" phase
This comprises two sections as shown in figures 13 and 14.
conditions encountered and precautions to be taken.
persons in charge / associated isolation and permits
6.7.3.1. Conditions encountered and precautions to be taken
These sections ("A" and "B" in figure 13) are filled in by any person involved in the
preparation of the work to be completed and aware of the conditions encountered and
precautions to be taken.
The following will be specified:
the special risks associated with the work to be carried out
the associated precautions and protective measures to be taken on site
Figure 13 : Work Permit: The "preparation 1" phase
Reminder: The information in A and B is determined collectively
6.7.3.2. Persons in charge / associated isolation and permits
This section is completed by:
The Performance Manager
The Operational Manager
The Safety and Environment Officer

THE PERFORMANCE MANAGER
"3" in the figure
WEM : This is the TFEA line supervisor assuming the responsibilities of project
manager (e.g. FOC, TVX, ING, etc )
He confirms the execution of this work in the required conditions, and add his own
recommendations.
WEM: specific cases
SCDAR: It is the Site MC Manager that acts as the WEM
Wire line : It is the WL TFEA steward (FOC Luanda)
Diving:
on the Terminal : STAPEM chief diver
Others: It is an INSP Sce agent
THE OPERATIONAL MANAGER
"4" in the figure
OM: It is the facility manager (Leadman), unless otherwise required.
He may appoint an agent to represent him on site.
As the facility manager, he specifies the recommendations (e.g. process isolation)

necessary for the work and checks any possible interferences, the availability of
resources and the provisioning of facilities;
THE SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT OFFICER
"5" in the figure
SEO: This is a safety technician working at the request of the SEM, or systematically for all
Cutting and Welding Permits and Access Permits.
He interprets and completes the necessary S/E recommendations according to the work to
be carried out and the environment (classified zones).

Figure 14 : Work Permit: The "preparation 2" phase
6.7.4. The "approval" phase
This section is filled in by the Safety and Environment Manager ("6" in the figure)
It is the titular SSEM or the SSEM appointed by the GM in special SIMOPS cases.
In these last cases, the site SSEM (EXP) acts as the OM throughout the duration of the
SIMOPS.
He checks the information on the WP added by the different participants, and adds his
own comments if necessary.
He then checks to ensure that there is no incompatibility with other activities and the
environment in which the identified work is to take place.
He issues the final authorization for execution of the work.
Figure 15 : Work Permit: The "approval" phase
Reminder: The SSEM is required to give his approval within the 24 hours (no longer) that
precede the start of the works.
6.7.5. The "execution" phase
This WP phase cannot begin until the SSEM has given his approval.
It ("7" in the figure) is completed by:
Worker : this is the company Leadman
OM : himself, or his appointed representative
Health and Safety Manager (HSM) : appointed by the SSEM if necessary
SEM: depending on revalidation selected by the SSEM
They ensure the information on the WP corresponds to the works scheduled.
They do not authorize the works to begin until the required conditions have been fulfilled.
Figure 16 : Work Permit: The "execution" phase
Reminder: The phrase at the top of the table is of major importance!!
"The undersigned agree that they have acknowledged the aforementioned

requirements, and undertake to adhere to them before and during the execution of
the work".

6.7.6. The "acceptance" phase
This phase ("8" in the figure) is completed by:
The OM : within the time limits and for all types of work carried out (except those below)
Or the SSEM : only in SIMOPS phases
On site, the OM (or SSEM) must ensure:
that the work is thoroughly completed,
that the work carried out conforms to requirements,
the cleanliness of the worksite,
He then validates the reactivation of the facility and adds any reservations.
Figure 17 : Work Permit: The "acceptance" phase
Reminder: Circulation of the WP sheets:
the OM or the SSEM returns the "white" WORKER copy to the Site SEO as soon
as the completed work has been accepted.
the OM keeps the "green" OPERATING COMPANY copy
the site SEO files the "pink" SAFETY copy and the "white" WORKER copy

6.8. WORK PERMIT TASKS REQUIRED OF THE OPERATOR
The tasks described below will usually already have been completed by the operators,
although there may be a few differences according to the sites and subsidiaries.
The purpose of this chapter is to describe the operator's specific role during the Work
Permit phase.
6.8.1. Permit Preparation
He assists the Production Foreman / Chief Operator in the development of procedures, the
preparation of PID mark-up, the provisioning of facilities - This task is optional and remains
at the discretion of the Production Foreman.
6.8.2. PID Mark-Up
PID Mark-Up enables, during permit preparation, to determine the risks involved in the
process and hence the lines to be isolated (blinds, spectacle blinds, manual valves, SDV,
ESDV, etc) to work in safety.
Blinds, spectacle blinds and any other items shall be numbered on this PID.
These elements, listed in table as shown below, can then be tracked. This table will allow
tracking progress during plating
Blinding plan Fitting Removal

No. Line Date Signature Date Signature
1 12"
2 8"
3 10"
4 3"
5 2"
6 2"
7 2"
8 12"
9 8"
10 2"
Table 6: Blinding table

Likewise, this type of table can be used to specify and track the valves and systems locked
out during this operation. This makes the Operator's task easier when provisioning the
device.
Different colours can also be used to specify the hydrocarbon pressurised lines, the non-
inerted depressurised lines, and the inerted depressurised lines.
All of these documents will be attached to the Work Permit to facilitate work follow-up.
An example of a PID Mark-Up for works carried out on a Hydrocyclone located on a

production water treatment facility is shown below.
It shows the number of the blinds used and the number of the spectacle blinds turned.

Figure 18 : Hydrocyclone PID Mark-Up

6.8.3. Initial Permit Opening
The area Operator must be on the worksite with the workers when the permit is first
opened, before the works commence.
He must then ensure that:
All of the required authorities have signed the permits and associated documents.
The worker is aware of the risks associated with his work,
The persons involved have acknowledged and taken the precautions listed on the
risk analysis sheet. If this is the case, he will then sign the risk analysis sheet,
The tooling to be used by the worker is adequate and in good condition.
He will also inform the workers of attached works/permits and the risks associated with
these permits.
The Area Operator responsible for performing process isolation, if requested in the Work
Permit, must respect:
The isolation phase by fitting a robust means of isolation of the "cablet" type
(marking tape is to be avoided at all costs).
The identification phase by attaching labels with the date, the operator's name
and the Work Permit number.
He will validate process isolation by signing all of the necessary documents, isolation
sheet, valve/plate table, etc
6.8.4. Daily permit management activities
The area Operator must regularly visit the sites associated with all of the current
works/permits in his area, including permits previously opened. These regular visits
include a "morning inspection" and an "afternoon inspection" at the least.
During the visits:
He will introduce himself to the workers (again),
He will check that the precautions listed on the risk analysis sheet have been
acknowledged and implemented,

He will inform the workers of related permits/works and the risks associated with
these permits.
6.8.5. Permit closing
When the permits are closed, the area Operator must ensure the worksite is cleaned
thoroughly before he and the worker sign the permit closing section at the bottom of the
sheet.
It is important to ensure the site is clean and this phase is of absolute necessity.
6.9. MOST COMMON ANOMALIES REPORTED
missing signatures (validation, work completion date, ... etc.)
WP with deletions (dates, texts, etc.)
WP with no defined validity period
WP covering:
several different operations,
several different teams,
... etc.
WP signed several times by one same person
WP submitted at the last moment
failure to return the original WP when the work is completed

6.11. WORK PERMIT FORMS
The present appendix includes some classic forms recommended as a support for the
Work Permit procedure.
Please remember that the predefined lists of hazards and precautionary measures in the
forms are given for information only. These lists are limited to the most common scenarios
and may not be considered comprehensive.
It is important to remember this when identifying hazards or determining the necessary

precautions.

Figure 19 : Example of a Work Permit

Figure 20 : Example of a Work Order

TOTALFINAELF E & P ANGOLA
Figure 21 : Example of an isolation sheet

TOTALFINAELF E & P ANGOLA
Figure 22 : Example of a Cutting and Welding Permit

Figure 23 : Example of a Cold Work Permit

Figure 24 : Example of a Hot Work Permit

Figure 25 : Confined Space Entry Permit

Figure 26 : Example of a Work Order

7. GLOSSARY
WRA
Work Risk Analysis (carried out prior to the Work according to the Risk level) (you
may come across WSA - Work Safety Analysis - on old forms)
SEO
Safety/Environment Officer
WO
Work Order: simplified version of a Work Permit, used for common work requiring a
special operating procedure
Isolation
All of the provisions required to lock-out a machine, device or facility such that its
state can only be changed (restarting of a machine, closing of an electric circuit,
opening of a valve, etc.) once the operating conditions have been restored and
checked with the consent of all of the persons involved.
The following types can be distinguished:
Process or utility isolation
Mechanical isolation
Fluid isolation
Electrical isolation
Isolation procedures are performed by an Isolation Manager.
De-isolation: restoring and checking the operating conditions
Requestor
Representative of the entity requesting the performance of the work subjected to a
WP or WO
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
Worker
Person in charge of performing the Work

Entity
Any unit of the DGEP placed under the responsibility of a General Manager
appointed by the President of Exploration & Production The DGEP itself, a
subsidiary or a project group are also considered as entities.
Service company:
Company to which the entity has entrusted a work project of which the execution is
governed by a contract entered into between both parties.
HAZID
HAZard IDentification.
HAZOP
HAZard OPerability study.
HSE
Hygiene Safety and Environment.
WP
Main Work Permit, which may be associated with additional permits: Cutting and
Welding Permit, Trenching Permit or Access Permit
Cutting and Welding Permit

Mandatory additional permit for any hot work
Trenching Permit
Additional Permit issued when the work involves earthmoving, the digging of a
trench, granting ditch or pipeline access to personnel, well, excavation, the
positioning of piles or any other type of ground penetration.
Access Permit:
Mandatory additional permit when the work requires persons to physically enter a
closed capacity.
WEM
Work Execution Manager, who may delegate to the WORKER
OKM
Operation Kick-off Meeting
OM
Operational Manager representing the Production authority
He may appoint a representative to authorize execution of the works on the site
(signature).
WOM
Worksite Opening Meeting

SSEM
Site Safety and Environment Manager
OS
Operation Supervisor: Any heavy works or capital repairs requiring the presence, at
the facility or nearby, of a supervisor in charge of the operation.
For any other type of intervention, the necessity for an Operations Supervisor will
be determined case by case.
He supervises the work on behalf of the WEM or the WORKER
When a permanent contract has been established (Maintenance Service Contracts

such as SCDAR), the OS is a representative of the WORKER.
SIMOPS
SIMultaneous well and production OPerationS
Hot Work
Work involving a flame or a flame source, or a heat source that could cause a
facility with gas or hydrocarbons to explode or catch fire.

8. SUMMARY OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1 : Process pump....................................................................................................15
Figure 2 : Rotating equipment: Pump ................................................................................15
Figure 3 : Rotating equipment: Pump ................................................................................16
Figure 4 : Oil level ..............................................................................................................16
Figure 5 : Centrifugal pump ...............................................................................................17
Figure 6 : Mechanical packing ...........................................................................................18
Figure 7 : Double packing ..................................................................................................19
Figure 8 : Multistage centrifugal pump ...............................................................................19
Figure 9 : Reciprocating Compressors...............................................................................20
Figure 10 : Cooling towers .................................................................................................21
Figure 11 : Mixer Impellers ................................................................................................21
Figure 12 : Work Permit: The "request" phase...................................................................64
Figure 13 : Work Permit: The "preparation 1" phase.........................................................65
Figure 14 : Work Permit: The "preparation 2" phase.........................................................67
Figure 15 : Work Permit: The "approval" phase.................................................................67
Figure 16 : Work Permit: The "execution" phase ...............................................................68
Figure 17 : Work Permit: The "acceptance" phase ............................................................69
Figure 18 : Hydrocyclone PID Mark-Up .............................................................................72
Figure 19 : Example of a Work Permit ...............................................................................76
Figure 20 : Example of a Work Order ................................................................................77
Figure 21 : Example of an isolation sheet ..........................................................................78
Figure 22 : Example of a Cutting and Welding Permit .......................................................79
Figure 23 : Example of a Cold Work Permit.......................................................................80
Figure 24 : Example of a Hot Work Permit.........................................................................81
Figure 25 : Confined Space Entry Permit ..........................................................................82
Figure 26 : Example of a Work Order ................................................................................83

9. SUMMARY OF THE TABLES

Table 1: Wellhead maintenance ........................................................................................30
Table 2: Example of capacity maintenance .......................................................................31
Table 3: Heat engine maintenance ....................................................................................32
Table 4: Maintenance of rotating machines, compressors, gas turbines ...........................33
Table 5: Noise monitoring ..................................................................................................35
Table 6: Blinding table .......................................................................................................70

10. CORRECTIONS FOR EXERCISES

1. List the main roles of the operator:
observation
action
monitoring
reporting
2. Which of the tasks below are not incumbent upon the operator?
; Submitting requests for materials, tools and consumables.
; Signing and managing work permits.
; Checking and signing the daily reports
3. What is the main reason for which equipment must be monitored?
Wear
4. To detect the smell of H2S, to hear un bearing roll, or to observe a joint leakage, the
operator is required to:
; Be on the field
5. What is the purpose of monitoring parameters frequently?
To track progress
6. Generally, operation anomaly detection procedures provide good results.
; False
rotating equipment and particularly electric motors.
Touch the bearings

Check the bearing oil levels
Identify any leakage
Check that the intensity has not exceeded the nominal value (maxi).

rotating equipment and particularly centrifugal pumps in operation.
Check the overall sound level of the machine

Check the suction filter
Check the temperature of the pump bearings (touch)
Check the bearing vibrations
Check the operating pressure, etc.
rotating equipment and particularly centrifugal pumps not in operation.

Check the reheating efficiency of heavy-end tail pumps. (Move your hand closer:
the heat radiates)
rotating equipment and particularly reciprocating compressors.
Check the efficiency of the cylinder cooling

Check the lubrication oil pressure
Check the casing oil level
Check the overall sound level
Check for any packing leakages
Monitor the vibrations of adjoining piping
rotating equipment and particularly centrifugal compressors.
Check the axial displacement

Check the temperature of the bearings (particularly on the thrust side)
Check the sound level.
Check the casing oil levels (and refill if necessary)
Check for any lubricant oil leakages.
rotating equipment and particularly cooling towers.
Check the sound level (belt tension)

Check the temperature of vibrations of the motor bearings (touch)

rotating equipment and particularly mixer impellers.
Check the sound level.

Check the temperature of the reducer bearings
Check for any packing leakages
Check the oil level
14. List 4 precautionary measures to be taken when sampling.
Safety and hygiene

If possible, take the sample from the vessel which is to be dispatched
Close the vessel as soon as possible after sampling is completed, and check it is
sealed properly.
For safety reasons and with respect to operating requirements, if the vessel is left
open, specify the degassing time on the follow-up data sheet.
15. What are the 4 recommendations that must be adhered to when taking liquid sample
from an effluent that may contain H2S?
To wear a chemical cartridge respirator

To wear a portable H2S detector
To avoid facing the wind
To take samples following the procedure
16. 1st level maintenance consists of:
; Simple adjustments recommended by the manufacturer using means accessible

without dismounting or opening the equipment, that do not require tooling, or
any specific spare parts.
17. Periodic emergency equipment testing and the change-over of redundant equipment
are tasks incumbent upon the operator.
; True
18. List 3 tasks that the Operator is required to carry out whilst working on wellheads.
Valve lubrication
Instrument inspection
Bolting maintenance
Cabinet maintenance
Hydraulic panel maintenance
Monitoring of parameters
Monitoring of annular spaces
Chemicals injection
Replacement of chokes and auto choke checks
Sampling
19. List 3 tasks that the Operator is required to carry out whilst working on capacities.
Cleaning of gauge glasses

Cleaning of recorders
Cell purging
Controller lubrication
Leakage checks
Manual valve lubrication
Zero checks
Plant air checks
Outlet manipulation
Loop testing
Replacement of gauges
Chemicals injection
20. List 3 tasks that the Operator is required to carry out whilst working on heat engines.
Periodic tests
Fuel management
Water and oil level checks
Startup system checks
21. List 3 means by which the Operator can monitor the machines whilst doing his tour.
Noise
Temperature increases
Driving power consumption
Operating characteristic tracking
Lubricants
Vibrations
22. Of all of the machines monitored, the most efficient and reliable machine that is far
from breakdown and that is likely to have a long service life is always the machine that
makes the least noise.
; True
23. Friction does not create heat energy.
; True

24. An increase in driving power, without changes in load made by the Operating
Company, is a revealing sign of the start of a fault.
; False
25. Analysing any changes in machine operation characteristics does not enable operators
to determine the condition of these same machines in any case.
; True
26. Name one of the main causes of vibrations:
Unbalance
Misalignment
Poor ground attachment
27. What are the two checks that need to be carried out on lubricants?
Quantitative
Qualitative
28. The ten rules listed in this chapter cover the most frequently encountered situations on
the Exploration & Production sites. These rules are based on experience feedback.
; False
29. List 5 of the causes of the deaths suffered by Exploration & Production personnel.
Vehicle accidents
Explosions / burns
Trapping
Falling
Drowning
Electrocution
Impact due to falling objects
30. All works carried out on site, other than "routine" works (defined in an official list
; True
31. Works requiring the isolation of energy sources (hydraulic, mechanical, electric,
process, etc.) may be undertaken once the isolation has been checked, and if its
efficiency is checked regularly.
; True

32. Nobody is allowed to enter a confined space and no works may be carried out therein
without an agent (or team) with the appropriate training and equipment standing guard,
ready to act.
; True
33. It is strictly prohibited to undertake any work at a height (involving a potential fall from a
height of over 20 metres) without fall arrester equipment comprising a complete safety
harness and an appropriate anchorage point.
; False
2 metres
34. No work involving a crane, a hoist or any other such mechanical devices, including lift
trucks, may be initiated unless all of the hoisting devices and accessories (slings,
shackles, etc.) have been certified as suited for use after inspection.
; False
2 metres


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MISCELLANEOUS COURSES

ROLES AND PROCEDURES

4.4.6. Machine monitoring ..........................................................................................34

6.6.3. Suspension of works.........................................................................................62

Training Manual EXP-PR-DI030-EN

Training Manual EXP-PR-DI030-EN

Training Manual EXP-PR-DI030-EN

3. THE OPERATOR TRADE

This is permanent role of capital importance. The purpose of observation is to:

Prevent accidents and damage to equipment. The Operator is required to

To ensure the proper operation of equipment. By recording the functional

Training Manual EXP-PR-DI030-EN

These actions involve:

Within the framework of the "process", he is required to position valves during

He will take part in new equipment or facility testing.

He will carry out specific operations (for example: Pigging).

As regards maintenance, it is he who, trained by a Chief Operator, will make

Likewise, he is required to reactivate the facilities after having ensured the

Training Manual EXP-PR-DI030-EN

Training Manual EXP-PR-DI030-EN

3.2. THE OPERATOR'S DIFFERENT TASKS

3.2.1. General Description

He is also responsible for maintenance and 1st degree response.

3.2.2. Description of the tasks

Adjusting the operating parameters according to instructions: Pressure, flow rates,

Performing maintenance and 1st degree response operations.

Carrying out the scraper launching and acceptance procedures.

Participating in safety tests.

Ensuring the wells are tested in accordance with the schedule.

Taking samples according to the operating instructions.

Participating in the provisioning of equipment for works, in accordance with the

Performing safety equipment checks and maintenance.

Training Manual EXP-PR-DI030-EN

Participating in the repairs of production equipment.

Ensuring the cleanliness of the facilities.

Checking and tracking chemicals.

Participating in special SIMOPS.

Participating in the start-up of new facilities.

Collecting any information needed to draw-up specific reports as well as daily,

Notifying his superior of any anomalies detected.

3.2.3. Functional links

3.2.4. Line Manager

The Chief Operator or the Leadman

3.2.4.1. The role of the Chief Operator

Description of the tasks:

He may be required to perform tasks usually entrusted to his operators.

Checking and signing the daily reports.

Submitting requests for materials, tools and consumables.

Training Manual EXP-PR-DI030-EN

Signing and managing work permits.

Being responsible for the cleanliness of the facilities.

Checking product injection adjustment

Seeing to the write-up and forwarding of instructions

Ensuring facilities are made available to companies subcontracted for works, in

Notifying his superior of any anomalies detected.

If necessary, controlling the facilities locally or remotely using an NCS.

Participating in special SIMOPS.

Participating in the start-up of new facilities.

Keeping a time-record of the personnel under him on the daily report

Preparing specific reports as well as daily, weekly and monthly reports

Participating in the assessment and training of his personnel

The Leadman or Foreman

Training Manual EXP-PR-DI030-EN