Citizen Kane, :

,

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Orson Welles

,
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Herman Mankiewicz
( Citizen Kane)

Welles & H. Mankiewicz

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(1941) ,

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:
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Herman Mankiewicz.
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Andr Bazin.
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film noir.
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4.1

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Orson Welles (19151985)
, ,
Welles ,
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1

(constructivist approach)
. . Representation, Cultural Representations and signifying Practices, edited by Stuart Hall,
The Open University, 1997, . 24-25.
2
Orson Welles
Citizen Kane: Film Research and Analysis. Dr. Elaine Mancini, M.A. Cinema Studies Program, City University of
New York, 1985.

2
 Kenosha Wisconsin, 1941


17 !
, Welles
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Orson Welles; , Andr Bazin,
Welles
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David Cook
, History of Narrative Film, ,
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Godard, : Welles Griffith
+ +
1/3 Buuel + 3 Bergman 8 Fellini .
, Welles
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Auterism
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Welles,
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1940, ,
, Herman J. Mankiewicz
Welles, John Houseman,3 Joseph Cotten.4
, Mankiewicz 5 Rita
Alexander ( Suzan Alexander). 6
Mankiewicz, ,

, Houseman ,
American. ,
, William
Randolph Hearst. ,

3
- Mercury Theatre, Orson Welles.
4
, Mercury Theatre Welles.
5
Pauline Kael Raising Kane, The Citizen Kane Book. Boston: Little Brown, 1971, . 1-84,
Mankiewicz. , o Welles ,
, . Kael
Mankiewicz , Welles
, Mankiewicz 1948
Welles, :
Welles, , Gregg Toland.
Toland : ,
, ,
. , :
,
. [. 71],
Dr. laine Mancini ( Henry Mancini,
Touch of Evil Welles), (
, Welles )
Pauline Kael , Kael:
Raising Kane. .
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4.2

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30. 19 ,
. Bordwell
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newspaper film.8
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9 .10
film-noir
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film-noir.
film-noir o
/: , ,
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. Christine
Gledhill Women in film-noir:11

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()

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[]

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. David Bordwell. E
. . , 2004, . 138-155.
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30
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studio system,
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;!
11
Gledhill, Christine, KLUTE Part 1: A Contemporary Film Noir and Feminist Criticism Women in Film Noir.
(London: British Film Institute, 1978, Kaplan, E. Ann, . 11.

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, film-noir
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. film-noir,
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happy end
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: , Tirez sur le pianiste ( 1960) Truffaut (
),
Godard ( ) film-noir.
Cahiers du Cinema
film-noir, .

film-noir,
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Alfaville (, 1965) Godard,
, . Made in U.S.A. ( ,
1966) o Godard,
Raymond Chandler, , ,
. film-noir
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), Godard ( Welles) ,

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4.3

[] , ,
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, . (Nietzsche, Friedrich,
, 1866).

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Joseph Cotten ,
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Rosebud , Welles
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Welles
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Rashmon (, 1950) Kurosawa o (1961) Resnais.
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mise en scne ,

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(
Miles Davies) .
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newsreel ,
Hitler 30.

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 (,
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, Rashomon (1950)
Kurosawa. Kurosawa ,
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: Francis
Ponge: .

4.4
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Mankiewicz Welles,
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1) Rosebud,
newsreel, .
2) ,
(18, 19)

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Citizen Kane
Bergman
Persona (1966). ,
Persona Bergman
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4.5
CITIZEN KANE ( ).

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 1. Fade in , Xanadu (). . .
. : NO TRESPASSING
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Peter Cowie15

respas(sin)g, (sin=),
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, , sound overlap cutting,16
Godard.
Godard
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. Lap Dissolve.
2. . . Ko.


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. Lap Dissolve.
3. . . .

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15
Peter Cowie. The Cinema of Orson Welles. New York: Da Capo Press, (1965, 1983) . 219.
Welles.
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, Xanadu.
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4. . . Low angle .
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1-4
(John Gielgud) Providence
Resnais.
. Providence
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dissolving tracking shots
Xanadu,17 .
dissolves
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, 1 Suzan
Alexander, Welles
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travelling dissolves.

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Suzan,
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travelling . , travelling

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Dissolve.

5. . . .
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6. . . igh angle
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( ) .
Lap Dissolve.

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. Lap Dissolve.

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Rosebud: , ,
. Pauline Kael
,
, Thompson.

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 8. . . Low angle
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9. . . .
. Lap
Dissolve.

10. . . Low angle

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Dissolve.

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12. . . Full shot .

fade in ,
. Lap Dissolve.

13. . Close up .

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. Lap Dissolve.

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 14. . Close up
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. Lap Dissolve.

15. . Extreme close up

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: Rosebud. Lap Dissolve.

o 16. . . igh angle shot

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17. . . Close up.

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18. . . Full shot .

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 19. . . .
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Lap Dissolve.

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fade in ,
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Dissolve.

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(1941),
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, Godard, Resnais, Robbe-Grillet 60,
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4.6

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(/) :
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,20 Andr Bazin,
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. Bazin

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Andr Bazin ,
. Bazin (, Orson
Welles, Jean Renoir, F.W. Murnau, Marcel Ophouls, Robert Flaherty ..)
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Bazin, ,
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-, . , . .
, 1989, . 48-50.
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Bazin .
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status-quo ( )
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Maurice Merleau-Ponty,
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gestalt ,
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Roland Barthes (open text):24 ,
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( )!
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, (temporal
gestal). , ,
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, Peter Kubelca,25 Fernand Leger26 ..,
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. , Godard:

22

Godard: . 10, 10.2 , . 16.
23
temporal gestalt,
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24
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25
Peter Kubelca: avant-garde, graphic cinema Adebar (1957),
Schweechater (1958), Arnulf Rainer (1958) .. structural cinema,
1972 1959.
. P. Adams Sitney. Visionary Film, The American Avant-Garde 1943-1978. Second Edition, Oxford University
Press, 1979, . 293-304.
26
Fernand Leger: , avant-garde. T ,
Le Ballet Mechanique, Anemic Cinema Marcel Duchamp graphic
cinema 20, Eggeling, Richter Lye. (. Sitney, 1979,
275-276).

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22


Bazin, Andr. Orson Welles: A Critical View. . J. Rosenbaum. ew York: Harpers, 1978.
What is Cinema? 2 Vols. Berkeley and L.A.:University of California Press, 1971.
Bordwell, David. E . .
, 2004.
Burch, Noel. To the Distant Observer: Form and meaning in the Japanese Cinema. University of
California Press, 1979.
Cook, David. A History of Narrative Film. W W Norton & Company New York London,
1996.
Cowie, Peter. The Cinema of Orson Welles. New York: Da Capo Press, 1983.
Gledhill, Christine, KLUTE Part 1: A Contemporary Film Noir and Feminist Criticism ,
Women in Film Noir, (London: British Film Institute, 1978, Kaplan, E. Ann
Hall, Stuart. (Ed.). Representation, Cultural Representations and signifying Practices, The
Open University, 1997.
Higham, Charles. The Art of the American Film, 1900-1971. Bantam Doubleday Dell, New
York, 1974.
Kael, Pauline. The Citizen Kane book (shooting script). Boston: Little, Brown and Company,
1971.
O'Connor, John E., Martin A. Jackson, eds. American History/American Film: Interpreting the
Hollywood Image. New York: Ungar, 1979.
, . . . , 1989.
Sitney, Adams. Visionary Film, The American Avant-Garde 1943-78. Second Edition, Oxford
University Press, 1979.
Terry, Patricia, Gavronsky, Serge, ed Modern French Poetry: a Bilingual Anthology. Columbia
University Press. 1975.
Tuska, John. Dark Cinema: American Film-noir in cultural perspective. Greenwood Press,
London, England. 1984.
Wollen, Peter. Orson Wells - Study Unit No. 9, . Peter Wollen. BFI Education Dept. 1969,
1972.

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