SPSS LAB

WEEK 7 (24/11/07)

(Exploratory Factor Analysis)

1. (Exploratory Factor Analysis, Principal

Components Analysis, SPSS)
2. (Confirmatory Factor Analysis,
LISREL)

(data
reduction technique).

, .

(correlation matrix)
, (factors),

.

,
.

(Confirmatory Factor Analysis),

LISREL,

,
(causation).

6.

1. .

2. ( )
. , :

, ,
, .

3. , ,
(underlying latent factors)
.
.

4.
( ).
( )
.

5.
3 (
6 ).

6.
.
100 . >200 .

1. (correlation matrix computation)

2. (factor extraction)
3. (factor rotation) (simple
structure)
4.
5. ( ,
,
)

(Factor Extraction)

(
). ( )
, structural

2
coefficients factor loadings. loadings
.4.

(communality)
(uniqueness) (variable x =
communality + uniqueness).

(unique and error variance),
(principal components analysis).
(factor
analysis).

, Principal Components Analysis,

Principal Axis Factoring, Maximum Likelihood, Alpha Factoring, Image Factoring,
.
.

1. Eigen Values ( ) > 1 (Kaisers criterion, Kaiser-

Guttman rule).
Eigen analysis: ,
( )
. Eigen
values correlation matrix
.
.
,
.
Eigen values > 1 ,
.

2. scree plot eigen values (

).
.

3.
,
( confirmatory factor analysis).
4.
loadings
(
).

3
 (Factor Rotation)

(Simple structure)

, . .

, :

- loadings (structural coefficients) .

- loadings (< .3)

.

-
.

1. Varimax rotation (orthogonal solution).

(
).
( )
.
.

2. Oblique rotation (non-orthogonal, oblique solution).

.
,
.

, (
), loadings (> .
4) . loadings
.

Oblique pattern matrix

( unique loadings,
). Varimax
rotated component matrix.

(simple structure),
loadings .
.

1. (simple structure).
2. /
3. ,
.
4. ,
.
5. , .

.3.
.
6.
.
7.
( ).
8.
.
9. .

.

A A

1. pattern matrix structural

coefficients loadings.
2. structural coefficients,
.
3.
(extraction method, . Principal components, principle axis factoring, etc).
(factor
rotation, . Varimax, Oblimin Kaiser Normalization)
(. Kaiser criterion,
).
4. (. ,
).
5. .

Descriptive Statistics

Mean Std. Deviation Analysis N

do just enough work
to get by 2.56 1.287 241
find it difficult to get
down to work 2.71 1.199 241
make plans and
stick to them 4.35 .924 241
worry about what
people think of me 3.85 1.345 241
feel comfortable
with myself 4.45 1.095 241
need the approval
of others 3.55 1.319 241

( 6- , 1: , 6: )

Correlation Matrix

do just find it difficult make plans worry about feel need the
enough work to get down and stick to what people comfortable approval of
to get by to work them think of me with myself others
Correlation do just enough
work to get by 1.000 .343 -.301 .122 -.002 .058
find it difficult to
get down to work .343 1.000 -.386 .240 -.266 .197
make plans and
stick to them -.301 -.386 1.000 -.113 .113 -.132
worry about what
people think of .122 .240 -.113 1.000 -.456 .566
me
feel comfortable
with myself -.002 -.266 .113 -.456 1.000 -.394
need the
approval of .058 .197 -.132 .566 -.394 1.000
others
Sig. do just enough
(1-tailed) work to get by .000 .000 .029 .491 .186
find it difficult to
get down to work .000 .000 .000 .000 .001
make plans and
stick to them .000 .000 .040 .039 .020
worry about what
people think of .029 .000 .040 .000 .000
me
feel comfortable
with myself .491 .000 .039 .000 .000
need the
approval of .186 .001 .020 .000 .000
others

6
 Total Variance Explained

Rotation
Sums of
Squared
Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Loadings(a)
Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total
1 2.276 37.929 37.929 2.276 37.929 37.929 2.070
2 1.395 23.249 61.178 1.395 23.249 61.178 1.763
3 .735 12.247 73.425
4 .651 10.853 84.277
5 .528 8.798 93.075
6 .416 6.925 100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
a When components are correlated, sums of squared loadings cannot be added to obtain a total
variance.

Scree Plot
2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0
Eigenvalue

.5

0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6

Component Number

7
 Pattern Matrix(a)

Component
1 2
do just enough work
to get by -.125 .770
find it difficult to get
down to work .203 .710
make plans and
stick to them .006 -.753
worry about what
people think of me .830 .031
feel comfortable
with myself -.760 .008
need the approval
of others .813 -.016

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization.
a Rotation converged in 4 iterations.

Component Correlation Matrix

Component 1 2
1 1.000 .198
2 .198 1.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization.

ftp: //ftp.soc.uoc.gr/psycho/Manola/week7 data.sav.

,
.

1. 12
(
).

2. Principal Components Analysis

(factor extraction).
,
eigen values > 1,
(scree plot).

8
 3. M
, (rotation)
Direct Oblimin.

4. descriptive statistics (univariate descriptives

initial solution) correlation matrix (coefficients and significance levels).

5. structural coefficients (loadings, pattern matrix)

, loadings,
pattern matrix (sort by
size, suppress absolute values less than .3).

6. factors ,
structural
coefficients ( pattern matrix). ,

,

.

1.
; : _______________ : _________

2. eigen values > 1; ____________

scree plot; _________________________________

3.
; __________________ ; ____________

4. (simple structure); _____________________

__________________________________________

5. ; ___________________________
; _________________________________________

; ____________________________
; ________________________________________

; ___________________________
; _______________________________________