Q.

How many decimal numbers are three digit numbers in base 7 and four digit num
bers in base 6.
Solution :-
Smallest 3 digit number in base 7 = (100)_7 = 7^2 = (49)_10.
Largest 3 digit number in base 7 = (666)_7 = 7^3 - 1 = (342)_10.
[49,342] numbers are 3 digits numbers in base 7.
Smallest 4 digit number in base 6 = 6^3 = 216.
Largest 4 digit number in base 6 = 6^4 - 1 = 1295.
[216,1295] numbers are 4 digit numbers in base 6.
[216,342] common numbers.
Total decimal numbers = 342 - 216 + 1 = 127.

-------------------------------
Q. Q. How many 3 digits are there in decimal system which have exactly 3 digits
when expressed in both base 7 & base 13.
Solve:-
smallest 3 digit number in base 7 = (100)_7 = 7^2 = 49.

Largest 3 digit number in base 7 = (666)_7 = 7^3 - 1 = 342.

[100,342] are the number which are exactly 3 digit number in base 7.
smallest 3 digit number in base 13 = (100)_13 = 13^2 = 169.
Largest 3 digit numbers in base 13 = (CCC)_13 = 12^3 - 1 = 1727.
[169,999] are the three digit numbers which are exactly 3 digit numbers in base
13.
[ 169,342] is common in both.
Total = 342 - 169 + 1 = 174 numbers.
--------------------------------------------

Q. (xy)_8 + (yx)_8 = (abc)_10.

How many values are possible of abc.
Solution :-
8x + y + 8y + x = abc.
9x + 9y = abc.
9(x+y) = abc.
x = 5, y = 7 then abc = 108.
x = 6, y =7 then abc = 117.
but abc are distinct digits.
so only 1 value 108.
-------------------------------------
Q. A two digit number in base 7 is equal to the two digit number formed by rever
sing it digits but in base 13.
How many such numbers are possible ?
Solution :-
(xy)_7 = (yx)_13
7x+y = 13y+x
6x = 12y
x = 2y.
x = 1,2,3.
y = 2,4,6.
three numbers 12,24 and 36.
--------------------
Divisibility rules in various Base system :
>> In any base system 'n' a number is divisible by 'n-1' depends upon sum of di
gits of number.
Q.Find the remainder when (8484)_12 is divided by 11.
8 + 4 + 8 + 4 = 24.
24 mod 11 = 2.
Q.Find remainder when (99987)_11 divided by 10.
9 + 9 + 9 + 8 + 7 = 42.
42 mod 10 = 2.
>> In any base n, any number divided by (n + 1) leaves the remainder as same as
the difference between sum of the digits of number in odd places and that in eve
n places is divided by (n + 1).
Let's check 13486 is divisible by 11 or not.
(1 + 4 + 6) - (3 + 8) = 0.
divisible by 11.
Q.Find the remainder (8484)_12 is divided by 13.
(4 + 4) - (8 + 8) = -8.
-8+13 = 5.
remainder = 5.
Q.find the remainder (76456)_8 divided by 9.
(7 + 4 + 6) - ( 6 + 5) = 6.
remainder = 6.
--------------------------------------
>>>>>>Formula To Find Ordered & Unordered Pairs Possible For A Given LCM.
>>Number of ordered pairs possible for LCM = N = P1^a x P2^b x P3^c
= [ (a+1)^2 -a^2] [(b+1)^2 -b^2] [ (c+1)^2 -c^2]
= (2a + 1 ) ( 2b +1) (2c+1)
Where, a, b and c are power of prime factors

Q. If LCM of two numbers is 360, how many such ordered pairs are possible?
360 = 23 * 32 * 5
so our formula is (2a+1)(2b+1)(2c+1)
where a , b and c are power of prime
So [(2*3+1)(2*2+1)(2*1+1)
7*5*3=105

Q.The LCM of three positive integers X, Y and Z is 119^2. Find the total number
of ordered a triplets (X, Y and Z) and unordered triplets.

Ordered :
119^2 = 17^2 * 7^2.
--> LCM is 17^2 * 7^2
So, powers of 17 till the maximum power available (17^0, 17^1, 17^2) and powers
of 7 till the maximum power available 7 (7^0, 7^1, 7^2) will be distributed amon
g a, b, c such that at least one of a, b, c has the highest power of 17 and at l
east one of them has the highest power of 7.
Each of a, b, c can have any one of three powers of 17 in 3 ways. => a, b and c
can have powers of 17 in 3 * 3 * 3= 27 ways.
But this will also contain cases when a, b, c will not have highest power of 17
so we have to remove those cases.
Cases where highest power is in none of a, b and c is in 2 ways for each of a, b
and c => a, b and c cannot have highest power of 17 in 2 * 2 * 2 = 8 ways.
at least one = total cases - cases when none of them has highest power
a, b and c can have powers of 17, such that at least one of them has the highest
power of 17, in 27 8 = 19 ways.
Similarly, a, b and c can have powers of 7, such that at least one of them has t
he highest power of 7, in 19 ways.
so total ways = 19 * 19 = 361..
total ordered =361, now How to Find Unordered
Ordered=total cases (with arrangement) and Unordered (Without arrangement)
Case1 - when all are different
Case 2 - when 2 are same and one is different
Case 3 - when all are same
a) case1- when all are different : let those cases are x and number of ways
to arrange them =3!=6 so 6x
b) cases when two are same and one is different :

means basically we want to find ordered pair of 2 numbers

those will be (2a + 1) (2b + 1) = (2 * 2 + 1) (2 * 2 + 1) = 25 but this will als
o contain case when all three are equal so remove that
so 24 cases now ways to arrange them 3!/2!=3
so total 24 * 3=72
Case3- when all are same .. only 1 case will be there
so ordered =361
ordered = 6x + 3y + z, 361 = 6x + 72 + 1
so (361-73)/6=x
so unordered=x+y+z = (361-73)/6 + 24 + 1