Citing Works by Aristotle

Aristotles works are typically cited by mention of:

(1) the title of the work, often in abbreviated form, e.g., Metaphysics or Met., Nicomachean

Ethics or Nic. Eth. or NE, Physics or Phys. or Ph.

(2) the book number, which may have corresponded to an ancient scroll, sometimes in roman

numeral;

(3) the chapter number, sometimes in roman numeral, here in Arabic;

(4) the page number (based on the standard 1831 Bekker edition of the Greek, always in Arabic

numerals); Bekker numbers are to Aristotle texts as Stephanus numbers are to Plato texts.

(5) the column (a or b, corresponding to first or second column on the Bekker page);

(6) the line number(s), always in Arabic numeral(s), following the column indicator

If all the Study Questions in a given set of Study Questions relate to a single work, the title may

not be repeated in each study question; if all the Study Questions relate to a single book, that

book number may not be repeated in each study question.

The first question for NE II refers to the passage at 1.1103a15-16. That is, information to help

you answer it may be found in RAGP in the Aristotle material, specially, Nicomachean Ethics

book II, chapter 1, Bekker page 1103, the first column (hence the a), lines 15-16. I give a new

chapter number only when it differs from the chapters to which earlier questions refer. Thus,

many of the references start with the Bekker page number.

Jan Garrett
October 15, 2012