Function Modules are sub-programs which contains set of re-usable statements with importing,

exporting parameters, exceptions. Unlike include programs Function Modules can be executed
independently.

Function Group in SAP ABAP

Function group is a container of Function modules, every Function Module must be saved in a
Function group. T-codes for Function Modules and Function groups are SE37 OR SE80. We can
save N number of Function Modules in a Function Group.

Components of Function Module:

Import: These are input parameters of a Function Module.

Export: These are output parameters of a Function Module.

Changing: These are parameters which act as importing and exporting parameters to a Function
Module.

Tables: These are internal tables which also acts as importing and exporting parameters.

Exceptions: Exceptions in Function Modules are used to catch certain type of errors.

3 types of Function modules.

Normal
Remote-enabled (RFC)
Update

NORMAL FUNCTION MODULE:

Function modules are procedures that are defined in

function groups (special ABAP programs with type F) and can
be called from any ABAP program. Function groups act as
containers for function modules that logically belong
together,Function modules allow you to encapsulate and
reuse global functions in the R/3 System. They are stored
in a central library,Unlike subroutines, you do not define
function modules in the source code of your program.

REMOTE FUNCTION MODULE (RFC):

RFC (Remote Function Call) is an extension of CALL FUNCTION

in a distributed environment. Existing function modules can
be executed from within a remote system (R/2 or R/3) via an
RFC Call. Adding a Destination clause to the CALL FUNCTION
statement does this.

The destination parameter displays an entry in the RFCDES

table (which is defined with t.code SM59). This entry
contains all necessary parameters to conect to and log in
the destination system. The RFC API on OS/2, Windows,
Windows NT and all R/3 based UNIX platforms makes it
possible to use the RFC functionality between an SAP System
and a non SAP System.

UPDATE FUNCTION MODULE:

These function modules are used to update the database

tables. Using the function module in updating the database
table helps in updating the database without any
irregularities.