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567 621 1 PB - 2 PDF
567 621 1 PB - 2 PDF
Abstract: The present study was conducted to find out whether the bioavailability of amlodipine
besylate tablet equivalent to 10 mg amlodipine tablet (Lopiten) produced by PT Guardian
Pharmatama was equivalent to that produced by the innovator. This was a cross-over, random-
ized, single-blind study which included 12 adult male and female volunteers. The participating
volunteers were required to have an overnight fast and in the next morning were given orally 1
tablet of the test drug (Lopiten, produced by PT Guardian Pharmatama) or 1 tablet of the
reference drug (Norvask, produced by the innovator). Blood samples were drawn immediately
before taking the drug (control), and at 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 24, 48, 96, and 144 hours
after drug administration. Two weeks after the first drug administration (washout period), the
procedure was repeated using the alternate drug. Plasma concentrations of the drug were
determined by high performance liquid chromatographic method with mass spectrometer detec-
tor (LC-MS). Using Wilcoxon matched-pairs test on the original data, there was no statistically
significant difference found between the test and the reference drug products for tmax values. It
was concluded that the amlodipine besylate tablet equivalent to 10 mg amlodipine tablet
(Lopiten) produced by PT Guardian Pharmatama was bioequivalent to that produced by the
innovator.
Keywords: amlodipine liquid chromatography mass spectrometer bioequivalent
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah bioavailabilitas tablet amlodipine
besylate yang setara dengan tablet amlodipine 10 mg (Lopiten) produksi PT Guardian
Pharmatama sebanding dengan bioavailabilitas produk yang sama yang dibuat oleh pabrik
inovatornya. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain menyilang, acak, dan tersamar tunggal yang
mengikutsertakan 12 sukarelawan laki-laki dan perempuan dewasa. Sukarelawan dipuasakan
semalam dan keesokan harinya diberi 1 tablet obat uji (Lopiten, produk PT Guardian
Pharmatama) atau 1 tablet obat pembanding (Norvask, produk inovator) per oral. Contoh
darah diambil pada saat sebelum minum obat (kontrol), dan pada 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15,
24, 48, 96, dan 144 jam setelah minum obat. Dua minggu setelah pemberian obat pertama
(periode washout), prosedur yang sama diulang dengan memberikan obat pembandingnya.
Kadar obat ditentukan secara kromatografi cair dengan detektor spektrometer massa (LC-MS).
Dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon berpasangan, tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna
secara statistik antara nilai tmax dari obat uji dan obat pembanding. Disimpulkan bahwa tablet
amlodipine besylate yang setara dengan tablet amlodipine 10 mg (Lopiten) produksi PT Guard-
ian Pharmatama bioekuivalen dengan produk yang sama yang dibuat oleh innovator.
Kata kunci: amlodipine kromatografi cair spektrometer massa bioekivalen
months before this studys first dosing day assay coefficient of variation were 6.92%, 6.24%, and 4.32%,
9. History of drug or alcohol abuse within 12 months prior both at low, medium, and high concentrations; accuracy:
to this screening intra assay (% diff) ranged from -6.09% to -0.81% for the low
10. Participation in a previous study within 3 months of this concentration, -9.10% to -0.38% for the medium concentra-
studys first dosing day. tion, and -11.65% to -1.28% for the high concentration; inter
Twelve adult male and female volunteers signed the assay (% diff) ranged from -13.95% to +9.57% for the low
informed consent were included in the study. concentration, -12.66% to +10.94% for the medium concen-
tration, and 12.99% to +1.20% for the high concentration.
Treatment Phase and Blood Sampling
Volunteers attended the study unit in the morning (ap- Assay Procedure
proximately 6:00 a.m.) of the dosing day (day 1) after an The procedures described were applied for the extrac-
overnight fast, i.e., they were requested to fast from any tion of subject samples, calibration and quality control stan-
food and drink except mineral water from 9:00 p.m. the night dards. Serum sample was dispensed in an appropriate tube,
before. A pre-dose pharmacokinetic blood sample was taken. then internal standard solution (bisoprolol 1 mg.mL-1), NaOH,
The study drug (one tablets of Lopiten or the Norvask) and ethyl acetate were added. The content of the tube was
was given at 7.00 a.m. with 200 mL of water. vortexed and centrifuged, and the organic phase was trans-
Ten milliliters of blood samples were drawn immediately ferred to another set of clean glass tubes and evaporated to
before taking the drug (control), and 10 mL each at 3, 5, 6, 7, dryness at a temperature of 500C under nitrogen stream. The
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 24, 48, 96, and 144 hours after drug admin- residue was reconstituted with methanol. Then, the solution
istration. Plasma was separated from the blood samples by was transferred to a vial and an aliquot was injected into the
centrifuging at 3000 rpm for 25 minutes, and kept in the freezer HPLC-MS system.7,8
at 20C until analysis. The HPLC system consisted of a binary pump, mobile
The date and the time of taking each sample were re- phase vacuum degassing unit, autosampler, and Agilent LC-
corded in the Case Report Form (CRF). Lunch and dinner mass spectrometric detector (MSD). SunFire C18 (4.6 x 150
were provided 4 hours and 10 hours after drug administra- mm) column was used.
tion. On days-2 and 3, breakfast were served at time points The mobile phase was 1% acetic acid:methanol (35:65)
+24 and +48 hours. On day 2 lunch and dinner were served with total run time of 3 minutes. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/
at the same time as on day 1. All meals and fluids taken by min. MS condition: ionization mode API-ES; gas temperature
the subjects should be standardized with regards to the type, 350C; polarity signal positive; nebulizer 45 psig; drying
the amount and the time of administration during the sam- gas flow 11.0 L/min. The detector was set to monitor m/z =
pling period. Two weeks after the first drug administration 348 and m/z = 431 for amlodipine and bisoprolol., API-ES
(washout period), the same procedure was repeated with the ionization mode.
alternate drug. All chromatograms in the same batch were processed
One physician and two nurses with sufficient qualifica- automatically by a software using the same processing pa-
tions and training were present at dosing time and stayed at rameters such as integration, peak-to-peak amplitude and
the site until the last volunteer left the study unit; thereafter peak detection. Manual integration was performed only when
they were reachable by mobile telephone. necessary.
following equation:
90% CI = ( - )t \S2 x n2 2.00
- T
, R : the means of the ln transformed values for the test 1.50
Time (hour)
The anti ln of the above confidence intervals were the Lopiten Norvask